10-Emergency Preparedness and ResponseREVISED

Emergency Preparedness And
Response
Safety And Health Officer
Certificate Course
Copyright@NIOSH 2005/1 1
Certificate Course
Learning Objectives
To define what is an emergency
To describe why prepare for an
emergency
To determine the stages of an
emergency
To identify the elements of emergency
programme for preparedness, response
and recovery
Scope
Recognising an emergency
Emergency management
Emergency planning
Emergency planning
Emergency mitigation and resources
Procedures
Incident control and facilities
Training & exercises
What Is An Emergency
Accident unexpected event which cause
damage @ harm. Happens by chance
Emergency an unforeseen combination
Emergency an unforeseen combination
of circumstances @ the resulting state
that calls for immediate action
Disaster a sudden calamitous event
bringing great damage, loss @
destruction
Why Prepare For An
Emergency
There are unaccounted, unplanned &
unexpected event
Accidents happen at any time and
Accidents happen at any time and
emergency situation is chaotic
Emergency often escalates to crisis
Why Prepare For An
Emergency
Regulatory and Industry requirement
e.g. CIMAH Regulations 1996,
Responsible care OHSAS 18000, ISO
14000, etc.
14000, etc.
Communities are affected by emergencies
1
st
Emergency Level
Trigger
hours hours months months days days minutes minutes
Stages Of An Emergency
escalation? escalation? End of
emergency incident
trigger
EMERGENCY
hours hours months months days days minutes minutes
EMERGENCY
PRE-EMERGENCY
RECOVERY
Time
LEVELS
Levels Of Emergencies
Depends on severity of the incident and
capability of the organisation
Level 1
Level 1
If within the capabilities of the organisation
Level 2
If external assistance is required: mutual aid,
district or other agencies. MKN Arahan 20
may apply.
Levels Of Emergencies
Level 3
State or National Disaster. MKN Arahan 20
takes over.
Goals of Emergency Response
Control, Reduce or stop the cause
Control situation and limit secondary
Control situation and limit secondary
damage
Continue operations and recover
quickly
Objectives of Emergency
Response
Save lifes
Prioritise Rescue and First Aid
Rescuers must not be put to risk
Rescuers must not be put to risk
Save property, asset and reputation
Save Community and the
Environment
Basic Elements of Emergency
Preparedness and Response
Management
1: Organise emergency management team
2: Identify the accident scenarios and emergency
consequences
consequences
3: Identify resources, equipment and facilities
4: Develop plans and procedures
5: Train, drill and exercise
6: Review system
Emergency
Management
Commitment
Emergency Management
Organisations
Emergency
Co-ordinator
- To coordinate planning
Emergency
Management
Committee
-To plan for
-Mitigation
-Preparedness
-Response
-Recovery
Incident
Command
Organisation
-Take control during incident
-- Functions:
-Command
-Operations
-Planning
-Logistics
-Admin/Finance
Coordinator And Tasks
Emergency Management Coordinator
Administer and keep current the emergency
management programme
management programme
Work with Emergency Management
Committee
Coordinator And Tasks
Emergency Management Committee
Ensure preparation, implementation and
evaluation of EPR
Work with coordinator
Work with coordinator
Membership Technical & Non-Technical
Incident Command Organisation
(Based On Incident Command System)
Operations
Damage
Planning
Situation
Logistics
Communications
Administration
Legal
Incident
Commander
Damage
Control (Fire
Fighting, etc.)
Rescue
Evacuation
Traffic
Control
Situation
Analysis
Records
Documents
Strategy
Communications
HR
ECC
First Aid
Transport
IT
Legal
Procurement
Recovery
National Inter-Agency Incident Management System
Used by FEMA and included in NFPA 1600:2000
Task Of the Incident
Organisation
Identifies level of emergency response
Coordinates response action,
Coordinates response action,
evacuation, continuity and recovery
activities
Ensure outside assistance are notified
or called upon
Task Of the Incident
Organisation
Work with external agencies
Complies with applicable statutes or
Complies with applicable statutes or
regulations
Incident Command Operations
Teams
Depends on the organisation, activities
and products. For example:
Most organisations will need a team of :
Fire fighters
Fire fighters
Evacuation rescuers
First Aiders
Hazardous chemical plants:
Chemical or oil spill team
Process plant:
Shut down team
Rescue team
Emergency Planning
Threat and hazard identification
Use imagination; think of the unexpected
Assessment of emergency scenario
Assessment of emergency scenario
Also impacts beyond control such as:
o Regional communications loss and national
power outage
o transportation disruptions (floods, broken
bridges)
Emergency Planning
Plan For Emergency Mitigation,
Preparedness, Response And Recovery
Types Of Potential Hazards
Natural events
Storms, earthquakes, floods, etc.
Technological events
Technological events
Mechanical problems (ruptured pipes,
metal fatigue), chemical spills, aircraft
crash, fire, explosion, etc.
Types Of Potential Hazards
Human events
The wrong valve was opened,
miscommunication about what to do, etc.
Sabotage, terrorism
Sabotage, terrorism
Other Hazard Considerations
Quantity of hazardous materials
Location of hazardous materials
Location of isolation valves
Special fire fighting requirements
Special fire fighting requirements
(oil, chemical) if any
Special handling requirements
(e.g. radio-active, pathogens)
Hazard Consequence Analysis
For Emergency And Recovery Plans
What hazards are most likely to occur
What functions or services are affected
In what way the functions could not be
In what way the functions could not be
performed following a disaster
What are the critical functions
What actions will protect them
What functions has to be restored
quickly
Potential Impacts Of Hazards
Health, Safety and Environment
Persons in the affected area
Personnel responding to the incident
Personnel responding to the incident
Pollution to the environment
Potential Impacts Of Hazards
Legal
Regulatory and contractual obligations
Business
Business
Continuity of operations and delivery of
services
Property, facilities, and infrastructure loss
Reputation of the organisation
Economic and financial condition
Emergency Plans Must Comply
With Legal and Other
Requirements
Examples of requirements are:
OSHA 1994
CIMAH Regulations 1996
CIMAH Regulations 1996
Environmental Quality Act 1974
Voluntary Standards
Disaster/ Emergency Management Standard
(Incident Command System, FPA 1600:2000)
Industry Practice
Responsible Care
Emergency Plan Strategy
Emergency plans should be capable of
dealing with the worst case credible
scenario
However, detailed planning should
concentrate on the more likely
events
Emergency Plan Strategy
Plans should also be sufficiently flexible to
ensure that an emergency response can
be varied according to the severity of
the incident
the incident
Recovery Strategy
Objective is to restore functions as
early as possible
Redundancy or alternatives
arranged for identified critical
Redundancy or alternatives
arranged for identified critical
functions
Alternative site, supplier arrangements
Recovery Strategy
Roles and responsibilities for
restoration identified
e.g. recovery manager and team,
communications, utilities, purchasing, HR,
site security
Mitigation Measures
Interim and long-term - to eliminate or
reduce impact of hazards that cannot be
eliminated.
Access, escape routes and shelters
Early Warning - Establishment of hazard
warning and communication procedures
warning and communication procedures
Materials removal, reduction, modification,
segregation or elimination
Heat, fluids, etc. - protective systems,
redundancy, control of rate of release
Structures - building construction standards
Resource Planning
Based on identified threats and
hazards
Fire, flood, explosion, spills, collapse
Existing internal and external
resources
Identify resource shortfalls and
alternate sources
Resource Planning
Consideration for mutual aid agreements
Arrangements with vendors and
Arrangements with vendors and
suppliers
Identify for Each Threat or
Hazard
Resources and logistics
Personnel, training, expert knowledge,
materials
materials
Available in a timely manner and have the
capability to do its intended function
Quantity, response time, operability
Identify for Each Threat or
Hazard
Equipment and Facilities
Fire fighting, heavy equipment, medical
supplies
Miscellaneous
Food, clothing and shelter for evacuees,
religious personnel, volunteer and
social/political groups
Emergency Facilities To Be
Made Available
Command posts
Identified, equipped, tested, and maintained
Operations manual
Personal protection equipment list
Emergency Facilities To Be
Made Available
Where needed toxic, explosive gas
detectors, wind indicators
Resources from external sources
At industrial facilities or agencies
Regular Tests of Emergency
Equipment and Facilities
Check and document alarm system
frequently
Frequent tests of fire fighting
equipment
Immediate Strategic Plans
Identification of vital personnel (core
team), systems, operations, and
equipment
Priorities for restoration and mitigation
Immediate Strategic Plans
Acceptable downtime before restoration
to a minimum level
Minimum resources needed to
accomplish the restoration
Plans
Written Plans
Strategic
Operations
Mitigation
Recovery plans
Recovery plans
Roles and responsibilities
Incident commander, recovery manager,
communications and public relations
Lines of authority
Procedures
Alarms, call out and notification
Communication - internal, authorities,
public
public
Employees - escape, etc.
Evacuation - community
Coordination with other parties
Recovery
Emergency Operating Manuals
For reference during an emergency
Who does what, information and data
Balance between overview and detailed
Balance between overview and detailed
response
Need to know, nice to know
Sound understanding enables flexibility
Simple language
Finance and Administration
The organisation should also develop
financial and administrative
procedures to support the emergency
management programme before, during,
and after an emergency or a disaster.
and after an emergency or a disaster.
Finance and Administration
Before maintenance, drills and exercises,
alternate sites and equipment
During logistics, HRM, logistics, equipment,
During logistics, HRM, logistics, equipment,
services
After recovery activities, repairs, clean-ups
and restoration, compensation
Incident Procedures
Control of access to the area
Identification of personnel at the
incident
incident
Accounting for personnel in incident
activities
Incident Procedures
Accounting for persons affected,
displaced, or injured by the emergency
Mobilisation and demobilisation of
resources
Disaster Recovery Activities
On-site damage assessment and
purchasing
Employee/victim assistance (financial,
Employee/victim assistance (financial,
medical and psychological)
Incident investigation
Disaster Recovery Activities
Clean-up and restoration
Restoring safety and emergency
Restoring safety and emergency
systems
Legal, insurance and financing (expedited)
Public information and communication
Training
Familiarisation
Manual Familiarisation, Specific Courses
(chemical fire, rescue, decontamination,
Media etc), Exercise Observer
Media etc), Exercise Observer
Training
Personal readiness
Know the fundamental Role
Know the fundamental Role
Know your way around the manual
Have your personal aids ready
Know the early actions well
Ensure alternate is ready
Exercises And Drills
Types and subjects
Types: Simulated, Real
Subjects: Operational, Security, Commercial
Preparation for exercise
Preparation for exercise
Scenarios, Timing of events, Roles
(including media) and Resources
Secret but forewarn other parties (outside
agencies) as necessary
Drills
Evacuation
Evaluation
Plan should be reviewed annually
and updated as necessary
Be re-evaluated when:
There are changes:
There are changes:
Regulatory, New hazards are identified or
existing hazards change
Resources or organizational structure change
After tests, drills, or exercises
After disaster responses
Infrastructure changes
Summary
Organise emergency management
team
Identify the accident scenarios and
emergency consequences
Identify resources, equipment and
Identify resources, equipment and
facilities
Develop plans and procedures
Train, drill and exercise
Review system

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