Sgry SCST Report

QUICK EVALUATION OF
QUICK EVALUATION OF
BENEFICIARY ORIENTED
BENEFICIARY ORIENTED
(SC/ST) PROGRAM
(SC/ST) PROGRAM
OF SGRY
OF SGRY
Sponsore !" Sponsore !"
MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
(NOVEMBER 2005) (NOVEMBER 2005)
oases
oases
Organisation for Applied Socio Economic Systems Organisation for Applied Socio Economic Systems
5! "" #loor! S$a$p%r &at! Ne' (el$i ))00*+ 5! "" #loor! S$a$p%r &at! Ne' (el$i ))00*+
,el- 2.*+0.)/01 #a2 2.*+0.)/ Email oases34snl-com
Quick Evaluation of Beneficiary Oriented (SC/ST) Program of SGR
Ministry of R%ral (e4elopment
CONTENTS
PART ONE# ALL INDIA REPORT
E$ECUTIVE SUMMARY%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&
S5E6"#"6 OB&E6,"VES-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- )
ME,7O(OO89------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ )
"M",A,"ONS O# ,7E S,:(9------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
BENE#"6"AR9 5RO#"E------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2
S67EME 5ER#ORMAN6E-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
S67EME "M5EMEN,A,"ON AN( ROE O# 5R"S----------------------------------------------------------------;
ASSE,S 6REA,E(---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *
"M5A6, ON BENE#"6"AR"ES--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
5ROBEMS--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
S,A,E S5E6"#"6 5ROBEMS--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +
S:88ES,"ONS-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- )2
&% INTRODUCTION%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&'
SAM5OORNA 8RAMEEN RO<8AR 9O&ANA (S8R9)-----------------------------------------------------------);
"N("V"(:A BENE#"6"AR9 OR"EN,E( S67EMES------------------------------------------------------------)*
A67"EVEMEN,S---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- )*
(% OB)ECTIVES* MET+ODOLOGY , LIMITATIONS%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&-
OB&E6,"VES O# ,7E S,:(9-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- )+
6OVERA8E-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- )+
RE#EREN6E 5ER"O(-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2)
ME,7O(OO89---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2)
SAM5"N8 5AN---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2)
"M",A,"ONS O# ,7E S,:(9----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2*
'% AREA AND BENEFICIARY PROFILES%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%(.
BENE#"6"AR9 5RO#"E--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
("S,RESS AREAS--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;2
/% SC+EME PERFORMANCE%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%''
AO6A,"ON AN( RE6E"5, O# #:N(S------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ;;
:,""SA,"ON O# #:N(S-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;.
(E,A"S O# =OR>S--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;+
EM5O9MEN, 8ENERA,E(-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
0% SC+EME IMPLEMENTATION AND ROLE OF PRIS%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%/0
SEE6,"ON O# BENE#"6"AR"ES------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *5
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)
BAN> A66O:N,---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *5
ANN:A A6,"ON 5AN---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *.
"NVOVEMEN, O# BENE#"6"AR"ES "N SEE6,"ON O# ASSE,S-------------------------------------*.
1% ASSETS CREATED%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%/2
,95ES O# ASSE,S-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *1
O,7ER S:S,A"NABE "N6OME 8ENERA,"N8 ASSE,S----------------------------------------------------5*
VA:E O# ASSE,S 6REA,E(------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5.
579S"6A VER"#"6A,"ON O# ASSE,S---------------------------------------------------------------------------------5+
.% IMPACT OF T+E PROGRAM%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%10
"M5A6, ON EM5O9MEN, AN( "N6OME--------------------------------------------------------------------------.5
S:S,A"NABE "N6REASE "N EM5O9MEN,----------------------------------------------------------------------.5
E?,EN, O# "N6REASE "N EM5O9MEN,-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ..
S:S,A"NABE "N6REASE "N "N6OME--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /)
E?,EN, O# "N6REASE "N "N6OME-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2
ASSE,0="SE "N6REASE "N "N6OME------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ /*
#OO( SE6:R",9---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /1
6OS,0BENE#", ANA9S"S----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
2% PROBLEMS AND SUGGESTIONS%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%-3
8ENERA 5ROBEMS------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +0
S,A,E S5E6"#"6 5ROBEMS-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +)
S:88ES,"ONS------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +5
PART T4O# STATE REPORTS

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LIST OF TABLES
TABLE &%&# ALL INDIA FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF SGRY I AND II%%%%%%%%%%%%&.
TABLE &%(# ALL INDIA P+YSICAL PERFORMANCE OF SGRY I AND II%%%%%%%%%%%%&2
TABLE (%&# SELECTED STATES , DISTRICTS 4IT+ PROPORTION OF SC AND ST
POPULATION%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%(3
TABLE (%(# NUMBER OF SC+EDULES CANVASSED%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%(/
TABLE '%&# DEMOGRAP+Y OF T+E SELECTED STATES%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%(.
TABLE '%(# LITERACY LEVELS%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%(2
TABLE '%'# GENDER PROFILE%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%(-
TABLE '%/# AGE PROFILE%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%'3
TABLE '%0# DISTRESS DISTRICTS%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%'(
TABLE /%&# ALLOCATION AND RECEIPT OF FUNDS UNDER STREAM I%%%%%%%%%%'/
TABLE /%(# UTILISATION OF FUNDS FOR IBS FOR SC/ST IN ST STATES%%%%%%%%'.
TABLE /%'# UTILISATION OF FUNDS FOR IBS FOR SC/ST IN SC STATES%%%%%%%%'2
TABLE /%/# STATUS OF 4ORKS (IN NUMBERS) FOR SC/ST UNDER STREAM I
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%/3
TABLE /%0# EMPLOYMENT GENERATED E$CLUSIVELY FOR SC/ST UNDER
STREAM I%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%/&
TABLE 0%&# ASSETS /4ORKS TAKEN UP BY IP AS PER AAP%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%/1
TABLE 0%(# C+OICE OF ASSETS%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%/.
TABLE 1%&# TYPES OF ASSETS CREATED%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%03
TABLE 1%(# OT+ER SUSTAINABLE INCOME GENERATING ASSETS%%%%%%%%%%%%%%01
TABLE 1%'# VALUE AND TYPE OF ASSETS CREATED%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%0.
TABLE 1%/# STATE54ISE VALUE OF ASSETS CREATED%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%02
TABLE 1%0# NUMBER OF ASSETS VERIFIED%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%0-
TABLE 1%1# ASSET CLASSIFICATION%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%13
TABLE 1%.# CURRENT STATUS OF ASSETS VERIFIED (IN 6)%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1&
TABLE 1%2# ASSETS AS PER ANNUAL ACTION PLAN (IN 6)%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1&
TABLE 1%-# CONSTRUCTION OF ASSETS (IN 6)%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1(
TABLE 1%&3# LABOUR EMPLOYED IN CONSTRUCTION OF ASSETS (IN 6)%%%%%%1(
TABLE 1%&&# REASONS FOR OUTSIDE LABOUR (IN 6)%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1(
TABLE 1%&(# USE OF LO4 COST MATERIALS (IN 6)%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1'
TABLE 1%&'# USE OF LO4 COST TEC+NOLOGY (IN 6)%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1'
TABLE 1%&/# QUALITY OF ASSETS CREATED (IN 6)%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1'
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TABLE 1%&0# UTILITY OF ASSETS CREATED (IN 6)%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1/
TABLE 1%&1# SUSTAINABILITY OF ASSETS CREATED (IN 6)%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1/
TABLE .%&# STATE54ISE E$TENT OF SUSTAINABLE INCREASE IN
EMPLOYMENT%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1.
TABLE .%(# TYPES OF ASSETS VS% INCREASE IN EMPLOYMENT%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.3
TABLE .%'# STATE54ISE E$TENT OF INCREASE IN ANNUAL INCOME (6)%%%%%.'
TABLE .%/# ASSET54ISE E$TENT OF INCREASE IN ANNUAL INCOME (6)%%%%%./
TABLE .%0# ASSET54ISE INCREASE IN ANNUAL INCOME%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.0
TABLE .%1# UNIT VALUE OF T+E ASSET%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%23
TABLE .%.# INCREASED INCOME PER UNIT OF ASSET CREATED%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%20
TABLE .%2# INCREASE IN EMPLOYMENT PER UNIT OF ASSET%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%2.
TABLE .%-# SUSTAINABLE INCREASE IN INCOME , EMPLOYMENT VIS5A VIS
VALUE OF ASSETS%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%22
TABLE .%&3# INVESTMENT5OUTPUT RATIO%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%2-
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ABBREVIATIONS USED
A
AA5 Ann%al Action 5lan
A5 A@o4e 5o4erty ine
A(O Assistant (e4elopment Officer
B
B5 Belo' 5o4erty ine
B(5O BlocA (e4elopment 5roBect Officer
B(6 BlocA (e4elopment 6ommittee
B(O BlocA (e4elopment Officer
C
6&#S 6o0operati4e &oint #arming Societies
6EO 6$ief E2ec%ti4e Officer
6BO 6omm%nity Based OrganiCation
66 6ement and 6oncrete (Roads)
6m 6entimetre
D
(R(A (istrict R%ral (e4elopment Agency
(6 (istrict 6ollector
F
#6" #ood 6orporation of "ndia
#9 #inance 9ear
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G
85 8ram 5anc$ayat
8o" 8o4ernment of "ndia
"BO (S) "ndi4id%al Beneficiary Oriented Sc$eme
"B "ndi4id%al Beneficiary (Sc$emeD5rogramme)
"5 "ntermediate 5anc$ayat
"E6 "nformation Ed%cation and 6omm%nication
+
7a 7ectare
)
&E &%nior Engineer
K
>B> >orap%t! Bolangir and >ala$andi (Area0Orissa)
>g >ilogram
L
58 iE%efied 5etrole%m 8as
A( (5) ocal Area (e4elopment (5rogramme)
M
MoR( Ministry of R%ral (e4elopment
mm Millimetre
N
N8O Non 8o4ernment Organisation
O
OB6 Ot$er BacA'ard 6astes
oases
P
5R" 5anc$ayati RaB "nstit%tion
5(S 5%@lic (istri@%tion System
S
S6DS, Sc$ed%led 6asteDSc$ed%led ,ri@e
S8R9 Sampoorna 8rameen RoCgar 9oBana
S8S9 S'arnaBayanti 8ram S'aroCgar 9oBana
SE Am SE%are >ilometre
V
V5 Village 5anc$ayat
V(B Village (e4elopment Board
VM6 Village Management 6ommittee
7
<5 <illa 5anc$ayat
oases
PART ONE# ALL INDIA REPORT
oases
E$ECUTIVE SUMMARY
:nder t$e "ndi4id%al Beneficiary Oriented Sc$eme for S6DS,! 22-5 percent
reso%rces of Stream " of S8R9 are earmarAed for pro4iding economic and social
assets and for de4elopmental 'orAs on indi4id%al lands of S6DS, families-
SPECIFIC OB)ECTIVES
)- Assess t$e proportion of f%nds allocation and %tilisation for t$e
employment @enefit of S6DS,
2- F%antify t$e Additional =age Employment targeted and act%ally
generated for S6DS,
;- F%antify t$e 'agesDincome (Aind and cas$) earned @y S6DS,
@eneficiaries
*- Analyse t$e food sec%rity ac$ie4ed @y t$e S6DS, @eneficiaries t$ro%g$
t$e sc$eme
5- "dentify t$e types of assets created in general and t$e earmarAed assets
created in S6DS, $a@itationsD'ards (50 per cent %nder Stream "")
.- F%antify t$e reso%rces (22-5 per cent of t$e first stream) %sed for
indi4id%al @eneficiary0oriented 'orAs for S6DS, families li4ing @elo' t$e
po4erty line (B5) and t$e type of 'orAs %ndertaAen
/- Ascertain t$e E%ality of assets created %nder t$e sc$eme! t$eir %tility!
cost effecti4eness and s%staina@ility
1- Assess t$e addition to t$e ann%al income and employment of t$e S6DS,
@eneficiaries after t$e creationDacE%isition of t$e assets
,$e st%dy co4ers )5 states (RaBast$an is co4ered for @ot$ S6 and S,)- States
$a4ing t$e proportion of S6 or S, pop%lation of more t$an t$e national a4erage
and $a4ing more t$an 5 percent s$are of t$e total S6 and S, pop%lation of t$e
co%ntry 'ere selected- ,$e reference period for t$e e4al%ation st%dy 'as t$e
financial years 200200; and 200;00*-
MET+ODOLOGY
,$e e4al%ation incl%des primary data collected t$ro%g$ field s%r4ey %sing
str%ct%red sc$ed%les and secondary data from departmental records! reports
and p%@lications-
oases
)
S89p:;n< P:8n
,'o districts from eac$ of t$e )5 states 'ere selected 0 one 'it$ t$e $ig$est
proportion of S6DS, pop%lation in t$e state! and t$e ot$er $a4ing t$e
proportion of S6DS, pop%lation eit$er eE%al or close to t$e state a4erage- ,$ree
@locAs from eac$ district 'ere selected at random- ,en 8ram 5anc$ayats (85s)
'ere selected per @locA '$ere t$e largest n%m@ers of indi4id%al @eneficiaries
are concentrated- Si2 @eneficiaries 'ere selected at random from eac$ 85-
,'enty assets per BlocA %nder indi4id%al assets earmarAed for indi4id%al
@eneficiary sc$emes of S6DS, ()0 from <5 f%nd and )0 from "5 f%nd) 'ere
selected for e4al%ation t$ro%g$ random sampling-
LIMITATIONS OF T+E STUDY
Since separate allocation for "ndi4id%al Benefit 5rogram $as not @een done!
performance of t$e program is also not reported- (%e to t$is lacA of separate
record Aeeping and a@sence of reporting of t$e program performance!
a4aila@le information is 4ery little- ,$%s it is 4ery diffic%lt to e4al%ate and
assess t$e impact of t$e program acc%rately at all le4els-
BENEFICIARY PROFILE
Beneficiaries 'ere primarily males (/5-5 percent)- =omen @eneficiaries in
RaBast$an S, districts! RaBsamond and Bans'ara! acco%nted for /*-/ percent
and S6 districts ABmer and 8anganagar 5+-2 percent- MaBority of t$e
@eneficiaries (*0-5 percent) 'ere in t$e age gro%p of ;00*0 years! follo'ed @y
2+-* percent @et'een t$e ages of *0050 years-
,$e st%dy co4ered 25*0 S6 @eneficiaries and 2;0) S, @eneficiaries- (6$apter ;!
Beneficiary 5rofile! ,a@le ;-;)
SC+EME PERFORMANCE
,$e State R%ral (e4elopment (epartment coordinates t$e implementation of
t$e sc$eme at t$e State le4el- ,$e f%nds released to &$arA$and! 8%Barat! =est
Bengal and Nagaland 'ere less t$an t$e f%nds allocated to t$ese states in t$e
year 200200;- #or ot$er states! f%nd release e2ceeded f%nd allocation- ,otal
a4aila@le f%nds 'ere more t$an t$e f%nds allocated for @ot$ t$e years e2cept in
case of Nagaland- #%nds and foodgrains are allotted to t$e states on t$e @asis of
proportion of r%ral poor in a State to t$e total r%ral poor in t$e co%ntry- ,$e
States on an a4erage taAe a@o%t +0 days after release of 6entral assistance to
release its matc$ing s$are of S8R9 f%nds (cas$) to (R(AsD<illa 5aris$ads-
(6$apter *! Allocation and Release of #%nds! ,a@le *-))
A::o=8>;on 8n U>;:;s8>;on o? F@ns
,$e allocation of f%nds and foodgrains is made on t$e inde2 of @acA'ardness
form%lated on t$e @asis of t$e proportion of r%ral S6DS, pop%lation in a district
to t$e total S6DS, pop%lation in t$e state and in4erse of per capita prod%ction
of t$e agric%lt%ral 'orAers in t$at district-
oases
2
:nder0%tilisation of f%nds for t$e specific components %nder stream "
'as o@ser4ed in Orissa! 6$$attisgar$! And$ra 5rades$! Bi$ar and
>arnataAa in 200200;-
Allocated f%nds for t$e indi4id%al S6DS, sc$emes in 200200; 'ere
%nder0%tilised in t$e states RaBast$an! &$arA$and and 6$$attisgar$
among t$e selected Sc$ed%led ,ri@es0dominated states- B%t in t$e
s%ccessi4e year t$e amo%nt 'as co4ered %p in RaBast$an and &$arA$and-
6$$attisgar$ again o@ser4ed lo' %tilisation of f%nds in 200;00* as 'ell-
Nagaland %tilised its entire amo%nt on t$e S, of t$e state @%t t$is )00
percent e2pendit%re 'as made for t$e @enefit of t$e S, comm%nity! t$e
state %p$olds t$e comm%nity as a '$oleG and '$ate4er @enefits are
recei4ed! t$ey are %tilised for t$e entire 4illage and not for any single
indi4id%al- (6$apter *! :tilisation of #%nds)
4orAs T8Aen Up
,$e 4ario%s Ainds of 'orAs taAen %p %nder stream " of S8R9 4aried from state
to state and also district to district in a state-
"n Nagaland! t$e assets created are all comm%nity assets! '$ic$ incl%de
assets liAe comm%nity $all! approac$ road or linA road-
"n RaBast$an! only $o%ses $a4e @een pro4ided %nder indi4id%al oriented
program of S8R9- "n And$ra 5rades$! Nellore district f%nded a 4ariety
of 'orAs liAe paddy crop! @ricA %nits! fis$Dpra'n ponds and @ore'ell
'it$ po'er p%mp %nitG '$ile in >$ammam district 'orAs 'ere done
taAing in to acco%nt t$e local circ%mstances and needs of t$e people and
in ma2im%m of t$e cases people are gi4en $o%ses- "n =est Bengal! "BS
f%nds 'ere %sed for general 'orAs of S6DS, comm%nity! liAe @%ilding
roads! c%l4erts! etc-! in addition to cycle ricAs$a' 4ans in 7oog$ly
districtG '$ereas in 6ooc$@e$ar district! @eneficiaries 'ere gi4en %nder
"BS eit$er cycle ricAs$a' 4an or se'ing mac$ine or goats etc- (6$apter *!
(etails of =orAs)
E9p:o"9en> Gener8>e
(ata on employment generation %nder indi4id%al @eneficiary sc$emes for
S6DS, %nder stream " of S8R9 are not generated @y t$e implementing
agencies- (6$apter *! Employment 8enerated)
SC+EME IMPLEMENTATION AND ROLE OF PRIs
,$e criterion of selection of @eneficiaries from t$e B5 S6DS, 'as
strictly ad$ered to in all t$e ;0 districts across t$e selected states-
,$e f%nds 'ere dis@%rsed for asset creation or 'orAs for S6DS,
indi4id%al @eneficiaries! to 4illage panc$ayats on t$e @asis of B5 and
S6DS, pop%lation (e2cept Nagaland)-
oases
;
"n all t$e selected states! separate acco%nt for S8R9 is maintained at
district! @locA and 4illage le4els separately- 7o'e4er since t$ere is no
separate release of f%nds for "ndi4id%al @eneficiary programs for S6DS,
(22-5 percent s$are of stream ")! t$ere is no separate acco%nt for t$is
component-
Almost *5 percent of t$e s%r4eyed intermediate panc$ayats reported
t$at t$e 'orAsDassets for indi4id%al @eneficiaryHs programs are identified
in t$e Ann%al Action 5lan- (6$apter 5! Sc$eme "mplementation and Role
of 5R"s! ,a@le 5-))
ASSETS CREATED
,$e economic assets and 'orAs liAe de4elopment of allotted land in t$e case of
allottees of ceiling s%rpl%s land! B$oodaan land and go4ernment land! social
forestry 'orAs! s%c$ as f%el 'ood and fodder plantations on pri4ate lands
@elonging to S6DS,! agri0$ortic%lt%re! floric%lt%re! $ortic%lt%re plantation on
pri4ate lands @elonging to B5 S6DS,! 'orA s$eds or infrastr%ct%re for any self0
employment program! open irrigation 'ellsD@ore'ells for irrigation! pond
e2ca4ationDre0e2ca4ation 'it$ primary s%pport for piscic%lt%re and ot$er
s%staina@le income generation assets can @e taAen %p as per t$e g%idelines of
t$e sc$eme- "n addition to t$ese economic assets! d'elling %nits! $o%ses!
sanitary latrines and smoAeless c$%ll$as can @e taAen %p for impro4ing E%ality
of life-
)51+ @eneficiaries (;2-12 percent) acE%ired non0economic assets i-e-
d'elling %nits! sanitary latrines! etc-
,$e remaining ;252 (./-)1 percent) 'ere t$e @eneficiaries of t$e
economic asset-
Alt$o%g$ as per t$e state and district a%t$orities t$e assets and 'orAs 'ere
need @ased! firm ad$erence to t$e sc$eme g%idelines 'as lacAing in some
districts of Orissa! 8%Barat! Ma$aras$tra and :ttar 5rades$- :nder t$e
indi4id%al @eneficiary sc$eme! assets $a4e @een created on common land
(Orissa)! social forestry 'orAs are done on common lands (Ma$aras$tra)! etc-
Ma2im%m n%m@er of @eneficiaries (21-11 percent) got d'elling %nits
%nder t$e sc$eme follo'ed @y Ide4elopment of landH (2)-./ percent)-
No asset %nder agri0$ortic%lt%re! floric%lt%re! $ortic%lt%re plantation on pri4ate
lands @elonging to B5 S6DS, 'as pro4ided to any of t$e se4en selected S60
dominated states- (,a@le .-))
#or types of assets pro4ided! =est Bengal $as 4ery enco%raging res%lts-
"n fact! it is t$e only state '$ere more t$an 10 percent of t$e
@eneficiaries of t$e sc$eme 'ere pro4ided economic assets- Of t$e total
@eneficiaries! ;5-1; percent @eneficiaries recei4ed assets for s%staina@le
income generation! liAe ricAs$a' 4ans! cycle ricAs$a's! se'ing mac$ines
and dairy cattle-
oases
*
)0-* percent @eneficiaries stated t$at t$e 4al%e of t$eir assets 'as
@et'een Rs-200)05000- )5 percent of t$e assets for de4elopment of land
'ere 4al%ed @et'een Rs-20000050000- 22-. percent of t$e assets liAe
'orA s$edsDinfrastr%ct%re for self0employment program 'ere of t$e
$ig$est 4al%e @et'een Rs-5000)0)00000- ,$e 4al%e of 'orAs for non0
economic asset d'elling %nitsD %pgradation of $o%ses 4aried from
Rs-)000 to more t$an Rs-50000- 7o'e4er! sanitary latrines ();-)
percent) 'ere of t$e lo'est 4al%e of %pto Rs-)000-
MaBority of t$e assets pro4ided in ,amil Nad% 'ere of t$e $ig$est 4al%e
ranging from Rs-20000 to more t$an Rs-)00000- ,$ese assets 'ere t$e
gro%p $o%ses gi4en to t$e @eneficiaries- 25-* percent and )1-. percent of
t$e @eneficiaries in Ma$aras$tra recei4ed assets of 4al%e @et'een
Rs-20000 to 50000 and Rs-5000) to )00000 respecti4ely- Ma2im%m
assets of t$e lo'est 4al%e of %pto Rs-)000 'ere sanctioned in
6$$attisgar$ ()1-) percent) and =est Bengal ().-) percent)-
,$e st%dy o@ser4ed t$at of t$e total @eneficiaries '$o co%ld state t$e 4al%e of
t$e asset pro4ided to t$em! 20-5 percent (ma2im%m) reported t$e 4al%e of t$eir
assets @et'een Rs-2000 to 5000- More t$an $alf of t$ese assets 'ere agri0
$ortic%lt%re plantations- (6$apter .! ,ypes of Assets! Val%e of Assets 6reated)-
Of t$e )./. assets 4erified! .-* per cent 'ere related to land de4elopment! 2-1
per cent 'ere social forestry 'orAs! 2-* per cent 'ere agri0$ortic%lt%re! 2-2 per
cent 'ere 'orA s$eds for self employment programme! ).-1 per cent 'ere
'ellsD@ore 'ells! 5-. per cent 'ere pond e2ca4ation D re0e2ca4ation! ))-; per
cent 'ere ot$er income generating acti4ities! 2)-5 per cent 'ere d'elling %nits!
2-* per cent 'ere sanitary latrines and t$e remaining 2.-1 per cent 'ere ot$er
Aind of assets liAe roads! drainages! c%l4erts! 58 sto4es! etc- Remaining 2+
assets co%ld not @e classified as t$ey 'ere not clearly named- (,a@le .-.)
IMPACT ON BENEFICIARIES
In=re8se ;n E9p:o"9en>
*;;) of t$e total *1*) (1+-*. percent) sample @eneficiaries did not @enefit any
increased employment from t$e asset created %nder t$e sc$eme- Of t$e 5)0
@eneficiaries '$o gained additional employmentJ
*.-/ (2;1 @eneficiaries) @enefited an increased employment of %pto ;0
days-
Anot$er 20-;+ percent ()0* @eneficiaries) $a4e increased employment of
%pto .0 days in a year-
.) @eneficiaries claimed to $a4ing gained additional employment for
more t$an si2 mont$s in a year d%e to t$e sc$eme-
None of t$e @eneficiaries from RaBast$an (S,) and Mad$ya 5rades$
reported increase in employment- Beneficiaries from ot$er states
oases
5
$o'e4er stated of some increased employment- (6$apter /! E2tent of
"ncrease in Employment! ,a@le /-))
In=re8se ;n In=o9e
More t$an 1+ percent of t$e @eneficiaries reported no increase in income-
Remaining )0-/1 percent reported an increase in income from 4ario%s assets-
Of t$e )0-/1 per cent '$o affirmed increase in income! ma2im%m respondents
(almost */ percent) reported t$at t$eir income increased %p to Rs-500 per
ann%m- Anot$er 20 percent reported an increase in income @et'een Rs-50) to
Rs-)000 per ann%m- ,$ere 'ere cases '$ere respondents confirmed increasing
t$eir income @y more t$an Rs-5000 per ann%m as a res%lt of t$e asset created
%nder t$e sc$eme- (,a@le /-*)
,$ere 'as no increase in income in Mad$ya 5rades$ and RaBast$an (S,)-
(,a@le /-;)
All t$e @eneficiaries ()00 percent) of pond e2ca4ationDre0e2ca4ation 'it$
primary s%pport for piscic%lt%re $a4e increased t$eir incomeJ ;2-;0
percent @eneficiaries '$o acE%ired 4ario%s s%staina@le income
generating assets e-g- se'ing mac$ines! ricAs$a' 4ans! cattle! etc-!
confirm an increase in t$eir incomeG )1-5* percent @eneficiaries of t$e
total '$o 'ere sanctioned for open irrigation 'ells! @ore'ells for
irrigation co%ld increase t$eir income as an o%tcome of t$e asset- Some
of t$e @eneficiaries ()5-; percent) '$o 'ere sanctioned t$e sc$eme for
agri0$ortic%lt%re! floric%lt%re and $ortic%lt%re plantations also
registered some increase in income- (,a@le/-5)
MaBority of t$e @eneficiaries (2)-/ percent of t$e total *1*) inter4ie'ed
@eneficiaries for all t$e 4ario%s assets) $ad acE%ired assets for
de4elopment of allotted land! s%rpl%s land! B$oodaan land and
go4ernment land- B%t only 1-2 percent claim to $a4e an additional
income t$ro%g$ t$ese assets-
Of t$e @eneficiaries '$o got assets liAe 'orA s$edsDinfrastr%ct%re for self
employment programs! only .-1 percent reported increase in income-
Social forestry 'orAs 'ere gi4en to )01 respondents ()0* in Ma$aras$tra
alone)- Of t$ese only a@o%t ) percent reported increase in income
(Mad$ya 5rades$)-
"n &$arA$and! ma2im%m n%m@er of respondents (5*-). percent) reported no
increase in incomeJ 1-. percent @eneficiaries '$o $a4e increased t$eir income
in t$e range of Rs-50) to )000 per ann%m earn from @ore'ells and open
irrigation 'ells pro4ided %nder t$e sc$eme-
"n Orissa! only 20 (5-. percent) @eneficiaries reported increase in income- )1
o%t of 20 @eneficiaries '$o recei4ed assetsD'orAs for land de4elopment
reported increase in income %p to Rs-2000 per ann%m-
"n 8%Barat! 2)0 @eneficiaries (5*-). percent) did not $a4e any increase in t$eir
income from t$e sc$eme assets- 2+-+) percent and 1-1 percent @eneficiaries
oases
.
reported increased income %pto Rs-)000 per ann%m from t$e assets for
s%staina@le income generation and assets for irrigation respecti4ely- *-).
percent @eneficiaries '$o recei4ed assetsD'orAs of agric%lt%reD$ortic%lt%reD
floric%lt%re $a4e increased t$eir income %pto Rs-;000 per ann%m-
"n Ma$aras$tra! /1-2 percent (22)+ o%t of 210) did not report any increase in
income- MaBority of t$e @eneficiaries (;/) $ad an increased income from assets
pro4ided %nder de4elopment of land- Of t$ese! 2* @eneficiaries reported
increased income of more t$an Rs-*000 per ann%m- )) o%t of 20 @eneficiaries
'$o recei4ed income gain from assets liAe @ore'ells and open irrigation 'ells
claimed to $a4e an increased income of o4er Rs-5000 per ann%m-
"n :ttar 5rades$! t$o%g$ 52-. percent @eneficiaries $a4e @een pro4ided 'it$
economic assets liAe @ore'ells and open 'ells! ponds e2ca4ation and re0
e2ca4ation! t$ey $a4e not reported any increase in income-
=est Bengal is t$e only state '$ere maBority of t$e @eneficiaries (;/ percent)
$a4e reported increased income in 4ario%s income gro%ps ranging from Rs-500
to more t$an Rs-5000 per ann%m depending on t$e type of assets t$ey $a4e
acE%ired-
"n And$ra 5rades$! ma2im%m @eneficiaries (2;; o%t of ;.0) $a4e acE%ired
assets for land de4elopment- O%t of t$em! +0-+ percent $a4e not increased t$eir
income and remaining +-) percent increased it %pto Rs-5000 per ann%m- 2/-+
percent of t$ose @eneficiaries '$o affirmed increase in income d%e to t$e assets
acE%ired for s%staina@le income generation $a4e increased t$eir income a@o4e
Rs-5000 per ann%m- ,'enty t'o percent claimed of $a4ing additional income
in t$e range of Rs-250)0;000 per ann%m-
Only )0 @eneficiaries (2-/1 percent) $a4e increased t$eir income %pto Rs-500
per ann%m from assets for land de4elopment- Alt$o%g$ @eneficiaries in t$e
state $ad acE%ired ot$er economic assets liAe @ore'ells! open irrigation 'ells
also! t$ey did not report any increase in income-
As many as ;*-)/ percent and )2-22 percent @eneficiaries of t$e total sample of
;.0 in ,amil Nad% acE%ired gro%p $o%sesDd'elling %nits and sanitary latrines
respecti4ely %nder t$e @eneficiary oriented S6DS, program- 7o'e4er! t$ese
'ere t$e assets for impro4ing E%ality of life and not economic assets for income
generation- Only se4en @eneficiaries reported increase in income %pto Rs-2000
per ann%m-
Beneficiaries in Bi$ar 'ere gi4en 4ario%s assets %nder t$e sc$eme! s%c$ as 'orA
s$edsDinfrastr%ct%re for self employment program! @ore'ells! open irrigation
'ells and pond e2ca4ationDre0e2ca4ation and s%pport for piscic%lt%re @%t no
@eneficiary $as $ad any additional gain in t$eir income- (6$apter /! Asset0'ise
"ncrease in "ncome)
=it$ t$e e2ception of Bi$ar! inter4ie'ed @eneficiaries in all ot$er states
reported t$at t$ey 'ere gi4en food grains as 'ages (t$o%g$ t$eir n%m@er 'as as
lo' as t$ree in ,amil Nad%)- So! t$e programme addresses t$e iss%e of food
sec%rity too to an e2tent- 7o'e4er! t$e foc%s of t$e programme s$o%ld @e on
income generating assets- (6$apter /! #ood Sec%rity)
oases
/
Un;> Cos> o? >Be Asse>s
Of t$e ;)/2 indi4id%al @eneficiary assets! total 4al%e of assets 'as Rs
.!1+!0)!.;.- A4erage 4al%e '$ic$ is t$e %nit 4al%e 'as calc%lated at
Rs-2)!/2)-1;-
,$e o4erall %nit cost of t$e assets pro4ided %nder t$e sc$eme 'as
Rs-2)/2)-1;-
A4erage 4al%e of all t$e assets in 6$$attisgar$ 'as lo'est at Rs-2)./-0+ only
A4erage 4al%e of all t$e assets in ,amil Nad% 'as $ig$est at Rs-5/);+-;.-
(6$apter /! :nit 6ost of Assets! ,a@le /-.)
Per Un;> o? Asse> In=re8se ;n In=o9e
O4erall increased income per %nit of asset 'as Rs-)/52-+)
"ncreased income from per %nit of t$e asset 'as lo'est in M5 (at Rs-*0-+)
only) and $ig$est in Ma$aras$tra (at Rs-/;/.-2;)- (,a@le/-/)
In=re8se ;n E9p:o"9en> per Un;> o? Asse>
A total of ;5+.5 mandays employment 'as generated for 5)0 indi4id%al
@eneficiaries t$e assets pro4ided-
O4erall per %nit of t$e asset increase in s%staina@le employment 'as /0-52
mandays-
"n >arnataAa t$e increase in employment from eac$ %nit of asset 'as lo'est
(/ mandays) follo'ed @y &$arA$and (2) mandays)-
7ig$est increase in employment from eac$ %nit of asset ()22-/1 mandays)
'as in =est Bengal-
On an a4erage! an asset of Rs-2)!/2)-1; 4al%e pro4ided to t$e indi4id%al
@eneficiaries $as generated /0-52 mandays employment and an income of
Rs-)/52-+) per year- (6$apter /! "ncrease in Employment per :nit of Asset!
,a@le /-1)
PROBLEMS
L8=A o? AC8reness 8!o@> >Be S=Be9e G@;e:;nes
Need for specific a'areness a@o%t "ndi4id%al Beneficiary oriented programs for
S6DS, %nder S8R9 among t$e panc$ayats 'as apparent- "n t$e a@sence of
B(5O! t$e staffs at t$e @locA le4el 'ere not a@le to inform and e2plain t$e
s%r4ey team of t$e @eneficiaries- Elected 5R" leaders and officials at <illa
5aris$ad! @locA and 4illage le4el are not a'are of t$e g%idelines of t$e
"ndi4id%al Benefit Oriented 5rogram of S8R9- A'areness of t$e @eneficiaries
a@o%t t$e program content is also poor-
oases
1
Cons>r@=>;on o? Co99@n;>" Asse>s Ins>e8 o? In;D;@8:
Asse>s
#%nds of "ndi4id%al Beneficiary Oriented 5rograms $a4e @een %tilised in
creating comm%nity assets liAe roads! drains! c%l4erts or tree plantation on
comm%nity land! etc- ,$e program g%idelines for selection of 'orAs $a4e @een
o4erlooAed and it $as @een implemented in accordance 'it$ t$e general S8R9
'orAs-
L8=A o? Mon;>or;n<
"nternal monitoring of t$e program @y t$e state! @locA or 4illage panc$ayat is
a@ysmal-
L8=A o? Repor>;n< o? >Be Per?or98n=e o? In;D;@8:
Bene?;=;8r" Pro<r89s
,$ere is no separate format for details of e2pendit%re on t$e @eneficiary
oriented programs- ,$erefore it is diffic%lt to elicit t$e act%al amo%nt allocated
to t$is component and e2pendit%re on t$ese assetsD'orAs- (%e to lacA of t$ese
separate records and in t$e a@sence of reporting of t$e program! it is 4ery
diffic%lt to ascertain its performanceDimpact-
I9proper Se:e=>;on o? Asse>s/4orAs
Sarpanc$ and panc$ayat secretaries are not f%lly in4ol4ed in t$e spirit of t$e
sc$eme- ,$eir only concern is to carry o%t t$e 'orAs K
maintainingDconstr%cting assets- ,$e prime o@Becti4e of pro4iding economic
asset is ignored- As a res%lt! t$e assets and 'orAs sanctioned are not f%lfilling
t$e o@Becti4e of pro4iding income generating economic assets- (6$apter 1!
8eneral 5ro@lems)
STATE SPECIFIC PROBLEMS
AnBr8 Pr8esB
(%e to political interference! district a%t$orities are not a@le to implement t$e
program as per t$e g%idelines- "n Nellore district! t$e Beneficiary Oriented
5rogram of S8R9 $as not @een implemented for t$e year 200200;-
"mplementing a%t$orities are not properly a'are of t$e g%idelines of t$e
program- ,$e elected representati4es and officials of t$e implementing agencies
$a4e not @een imparted any training program-
B;B8r
,$e proced%re for getting t$e assistance is E%ite diffic%lt- "n order to get t$e
assistance! @eneficiaries $ad to approac$ t$e @locAD<5 officials many times-
6onstr%ction of t$e assets is not cost0effecti4e- Assets sanctioned are not need
@ased- Village panc$ayats face political infl%ence in implementation of t$e
sc$emes- Benefit of t$e program $as not reac$ed t$e needy- Beneficiaries are
paid less t$an t$e prescri@ed 'ages- "n t$e panc$ayats! t$e n%m@er of aspirants
oases
+
is too $ig$ '$ere as t$e allocation made for t$e panc$ayats is $ig$ly
ins%fficient- acA of planning is reported from Sa$arsa district-
CBB8>>;s<8rB
#ood grains do no reac$ in time- S, @eneficiaries in (ante'ada district are
reportedly not m%c$ interested in t$e programme-
G@E8r8>
and de4elopment 'orAs $a4e @een pro4ided to t$e @eneficiaries- ,$ey do not
get immediate income @enefit o%t of t$ese! as eit$er t$e land is $illy and
%nprod%cti4e or irrigation facility is not a4aila@le- Mac$ines and contractors
$a4e @een employed in e2ec%ting t$e 'orAs- =orAers 'ere also $ired from
o%tside of t$e panc$ayats- Not$ing $as @een done to pro4ide marAeting
facilities to t$e @eneficiaries '$o $a4e taAen %p income generating acti4ities-
N8Os 'ere in4ol4ed in carrying o%t t$e 'orAs @%t t$e 4illage panc$ayats are
not satisfied 'it$ t$eir performance- Allocated amo%nt $as not @een dis@%rsed
to t$e panc$ayats in time-
)B8rAB8n
Beneficiaries $ad to approac$ t$e @locA officials a n%m@er of times and in many
cases t$ey paid @ri@es- ,$e final instalment of t$e assistance $as still not @een
paid to t$e @eneficiaries- ,$ey $ad to in4est o'n money to constr%ct assets! as
t$e assistance pro4ided 'as inadeE%ate- 5R"s do not e2ist in &$arA$and! as t$e
election of 5R"s is yet to taAe place- ,$erefore! 4illage panc$ayats $a4e no role
in implementation of S8R9- BlocA le4el officials are implementing t$e program-
BeneficiariesH selection 'as not strictly need0@ased- "nterference of middlemen
and contractors is reported from 8%mla district-
6ontractors $a4e @een in4ol4ed in creation of t$e assets and poor E%ality
material $as @een %sed- As a res%lt constr%cted assets 'ere of s%@standard
E%ality-
K8rn8>8A8
Village panc$ayat f%nctionaries do not $elp people in for'arding t$eir names to
t$e @locA and (R(A for appro4al of t$e assistance- ,$e amo%nt sanctioned is
$ig$ly inadeE%ate to constr%ct t$e assets completely- 7ence assets 'ere
incomplete and t$ose completed 'ere of poor E%ality- (elayed f%nd
dis@%rsement 'as a maBor constraint for t$e panc$ayats in timely assisting t$e
@eneficiaries-
M8B"8 Pr8esB
Assets for irrigation and land de4elopment $a4e @een pro4ided to t$e people
@%t t$e people are not a'are of 'ater conser4ation and met$ods of rec$arging
t$e 'ater @odies! '$ic$ maAes t$ese assets ineffecti4e for income generation-
"n some of t$e cases! 4illage panc$ayats $a4e e2ec%ted t$e 'orAs and mac$ines
$a4e @een %sed '$ic$ is '$y t$e people co%ld not get employment- =ages are
oases
)0
paid late- "rreg%larities in @eneficiary selection are reported from Bar'ani
district-
M8B8r8sB>r8
Social forestry 'orAs $a4e @een carried o%t %nder t$e "ndi4id%al Beneficiary
Oriented 5rogram- ,ree plantation $as @een done on comm%nity land- ,$ro%g$
t$ese! t$e @eneficiaries can get t$e income only after si20se4en years- ,$erefore
tree plantation 'orAs do not $elp in f%lfilling t$e income generation o@Becti4e
of t$e sc$eme-
Or;ss8
(%e to delay in t$e dis@%rsement of f%nds 'orAs $a4e not @een completed- ,$e
@eneficiaries 'ere paid after constr%ction of t$e assetDcarrying o%t t$e 'orAs-
R8E8s>B8n
Employment generation is t$e maBor need of t$e people in t$e state- B%t $o%ses
$a4e @een pro4ided to t$e people %nder t$e program! '$ic$ does not $elp in
pro4iding income and employment- Ar@itrary modifications and amendments
in AA5 d%e to political press%re are reported from Bans'ara district-
T89;: N8@
,$e assets! liAe $and p%mps etc! created %nder t$e program are not in 'orAing
condition and conseE%ently t$ey $a4e not made any percepti@le difference in
t$e li4ing conditions of t$e @eneficiaries- Allocation %nder t$e program is lo'
'$ile t$e n%m@er of aspirants is 4ery $ig$- =it$ t$is 4ery limited allocation! it
@ecomes diffic%lt to satisfy all t$e eligi@le people-
U>>8r Pr8esB
"n Son@$adra district! t$e 'orAs carried o%t for general castes $a4e @een s$o'n
as for S6DS,- "ndi4id%al assets liAe sanitary latrines $a4e not @een constr%cted
completely and E%ality of assets is also poor- Village panc$ayats face political
infl%ence in selection of @eneficiaries- <illa 5aris$ad and B(6 mem@ers
interfere in @eneficiary selection-
4es> Ben<8:
"n =est Bengal maBority of t$e S6 are landless! t$erefore it is diffic%lt to
pro4ide t$em land0@ased @enefits-
N8<8:8n
5anc$ayats do not e2ist in Nagaland- Village (e4elopment 6ommittee and
Village 6o%ncil e2ec%te de4elopment 'orAs- No indi4id%al 'orA $as @een
carried o%t in any of t$e panc$ayats- #%nds of 22-5 percent component $as
@een %tilised for comm%nity assets- =ages $a4e not @een paid for t$e
constr%ction of t$ese assets- 5eople $a4e 'orAed 4ol%ntarily and t$e money $as
oases
))
@een gi4en eit$er to t$e needy or distri@%ted eE%ally among all t$e $o%se$olds-
(6$apter 1! State Specific 5ro@lems)
SUGGESTIONS
8%idelines of t$e program may @e c$anged to o4ercome t$e am@ig%ities
in its e2ec%tion and to realiCe t$e spirit of t$e program- Or! instead of
e2ec%ting as a separate program component! t$e "ndi4id%al Beneficiary
Oriented 5rogram may @e merged 'it$ t$e general S8R9-
"mplementation of t$e "BO program is not as per t$e g%idelines- States
are free to decide t$e types of assets to @e gi4en to t$e @eneficiaries-
Strict monitoring is reE%ired for t$e effecti4e implementation of t$e
programme- Monitoring committees co%ld @e made f%nctional at district
and @locA le4els-
5eople are not a'are of t$is program- #%nds s$o%ld @e earmarAed for
a'areness generation among t$em-
,$e f%nds of "ndi4id%al Benefit Oriented 5rogram for S6DS, of S8R9
are @eing %sed for creating comm%nity assets! o4erlooAing t$e o@Becti4e
of pro4iding s%staina@le so%rce of employment and income to t$e poor
S6DS, people- #oc%s s$o%ld @e on pro4iding assets '$ic$ generate
income for years-
5resently! t$e 22-5 per cent component is e2ec%ted @y <5s and "5s-
(%ring t$e field s%r4ey! it 'as fo%nd t$at %ltimately t$is component is
e2ec%ted @y 4illage panc$ayats- Many state0le4el officials are of t$e 4ie'
t$at t$is component @e $anded o4er to 4illage panc$ayats- "f it is $anded
o4er to 85s for e2ec%tion! t$e amo%nt a4aila@le 'it$ t$em 'ill @e too lo'
to create any meaningf%l income generating asset- 7o'e4er! as t$e
gro%nd reality 4aries from state to state! state go4ernments s$o%ld @e
free to decide t$e E%ant%m of f%nds to @e earmarAed to <5s! "5s and
4illage panc$ayats-
,$e program f%nds may @e do4etailed 'it$ S8S9 to pro4ide income
generating assets for larger n%m@er of @eneficiaries-
Sarpanc$s s$o%ld @e paid reasona@le perAsDsalaryD$onorari%m- ,$is
'o%ld $elp t$e effecti4e implementation of t$e programme-
oases
)2
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
,$e mo%nting pop%lation and s%@seE%ent $ig$er gro't$ of la@o%r force $as led
to an increase in t$e 4ol%me of %nemployment and %nder0employment- ,o
maAe a dent on t$e pre4ailing po4erty and %nemployment! creation of
employment opport%nities 'it$ food sec%rity $as @een one of t$e important
o@Becti4es of de4elopmental planning in "ndia-
arger and efficient %se of a4aila@le $%man and ot$er reso%rces is t$e most
effecti4e 'ay of alle4iating po4erty! red%cing ineE%alities and s%staining a
reasona@ly $ig$ pace of economic gro't$- ,$e 8o4ernment of "ndia aims at
@ringing employment t$ro%g$ 'age and self employment into a larger foc%s!
'it$ t$e goal of red%cing %nemployment and %nder0employment to a negligi@le
le4el! to pro4iding food sec%rity against $%nger and to impro4e n%tritional
le4els- A demand0dri4en infrastr%ct%re at t$e 4illage le4el @ecomes essential to
facilitate faster gro't$ in r%ral areas and also to increase opport%nities of
employment t$ro%g$ access to t$e marAet oriented economy-
SAMPOORNA GRAMEEN RO7GAR YO)ANA (SGRY)
,o pro4ide a greater t$r%st to additional 'age employment! infrastr%ct%ral
de4elopment and food sec%rity in t$e r%ral areas! t$e am@itio%s ne' sc$eme
Sampoorna 8rameen RoCgar 9oBana 'as la%nc$ed 'it$ effect from 25
Septem@er 200)! 'it$ an ann%al o%tlay of Rs-)0000 crore- ,$e sc$eme 'as
form%lated @y merging t$e earlier Employment Ass%rance Sc$eme (t$e only
Additional =age Employment Sc$eme for r%ral areas) and &a'a$ar 8ram
Samrid$i 9oBana (a R%ral "nfrastr%ct%re (e4elopment Sc$eme)- "t en4isages
generation of )00 crore mandays of employment e4ery year and gi4es t$r%st to
additional 'age employment! infrastr%ct%re de4elopment and food sec%rity- "t
is implemented 'it$ t$e primary o@Becti4e of pro4iding additional 'age
employment in all r%ral areas! t$%s pro4iding food sec%rity and impro4ing
n%tritional le4el- ,$e secondary o@Becti4e of t$e sc$eme incl%des creation of
d%ra@le comm%nity! social and economic assets and infrastr%ct%re
de4elopment in r%ral areas-
,$e sc$eme! self0targeting in nat%re! is open to all r%ral poor '$o are in need of
'age employment and desire to do man%al and %nsAilled 'orA in and aro%nd
t$eir 4illageD$a@itat- #or 'age employment! preference is gi4en to agric%lt%ral
'age earners! non0agric%lt%ral %nsAilled 'age earners! marginal farmers!
'omen! mem@ers of S6DS, families! parents of c$ild la@o%r 'it$dra'n from
$aCardo%s occ%pations! parents of $andicapped c$ildren! and ad%lt c$ildren
(a@o4e t$e age of ). years) of $andicapped parents '$o are desiro%s of 'orAing
for 'age employment-
oases
);
TBe s=Be9e* @n>;: (33/* C8s ;9p:e9en>e ;n >Co s>re89s#
TBe F;rs> S>re89 ;9p:e9en>e 8> D;s>r;=> 8n
In>er9e;8>e :eDe: P8n=B8"8>s
TBe Se=on S>re89 ;9p:e9en>e 8> >Be V;::8<e
P8n=B8"8> :eDe:
S8R9 $as special safeg%ards for t$e 'eaAer sections of t$e comm%nity i-e- t$e
Sc$ed%led 6astes and t$e Sc$ed%led ,ri@es- Reso%rces are earmarAed %nder
@ot$ t$e streams for taAing %p acti4ities e2cl%si4ely for S6DS, families and
comm%nities- ,$e first stream reser4ed 22-5 percent of t$e total allocated f%nds
for indi4id%al @eneficiary programs and 50 percent m%st @e %tilised %nder t$e
second stream for taAing %p acti4ities in t$e S6 and S, $a@itations-
TBe s=Be9e ;s !e;n< ;9p:e9en>e 8s one ?ro9 (33/530%
INDIVIDUAL BENEFICIARY ORIENTED SC+EMES
:nder t$e #irst Stream! 22-5 percent of t$e reso%rces are earmarAed for t$e
indi4id%al @eneficiary programs for S6DS, for pro4iding economic and social
assets! and for de4elopmental 'orAs on indi4id%al lands of S6DS, families-
,$e economic assetsD'orAs t$at can @e taAen %p for t$e @enefit of identified
indi4id%als @elonging to S6DS, are as %nderJ
)- (e4elopment of allotted land in t$e case of allottees of ceiling s%rpl%s land!
B$oodaan land and go4ernment land
2- Social forestry 'orAs! s%c$ as f%el 'ood and fodder plantations on pri4ate
lands @elonging to S6DS,
;- Agri0$ortic%lt%re! floric%lt%re! $ortic%lt%re plantation on pri4ate lands
@elonging to B5 S6DS,
*- =orA s$eds or infrastr%ct%re for any self0employment program
5- Open irrigation 'ellsD@ore'ells for irrigation
.- 5ond e2ca4ationDre0e2ca4ation 'it$ primary s%pport for piscic%lt%re
/- Ot$er s%staina@le income generation assets
1- ('elling %nits
+- Sanitary latrines and smoAeless c$%ll$as
AC+IEVEMENTS
As against t$e @%dgetary o%tlay of Rs-)*0/0 crore to t$e Ministry of R%ral
(e4elopment! Rs-)+221 crore 'as released d%ring 200;00*! '$ic$ incl%ded
Rs-.++0 crore released %nder special component of S8R9 to'ards t$e 4al%e of
foodgrains-
oases
)*
,$e total f%nd released %nder S8R9 " and "" d%ring t$e year 200200; 'as
;-)) percent more t$an t$e total f%nd allocation! '$ereas on t$e contrary! it
'as s$ort @y /-.5 percent d%ring 200;00*-
,$e e2pendit%re pattern or t$e %tilisation of t$e f%nds %nder t$e t'o streams
for t$e t'o years also 4aried- "n 200200;
/.-*/ percent of t$e total a4aila@le f%nds %nder Stream " and /+-55 percent
of t$e total a4aila@le f%nds %nder Stream "" 'ere %tilised-
According to t$e S8R9 g%idelines! 22-5 percent of t$e total f%nds %nder Stream
" are earmarAed for t$e S6DS, indi4id%al @enefits-
,$e e2pendit%re on S6DS, acti4ities alone 'as 25-+2 percent of t$e total
%tilised amo%nt %nder S8R9 "-
"n 200;00*! t$e %tilisation of f%nds (e2pendit%re) 'as comparati4ely lo'-
Only .)-.+ percent and .*-)* percent of t$e total a4aila@le f%nds %nder
Stream " and Stream "" respecti4ely! 'ere %tilised-
B%t t$e percentage e2pendit%re on S6DS, acti4ities alone %nder Stream " 'as
more t$an t$e percentage as per t$e g%idelines-
5ercentage e2pendit%re on S6DS, to total e2pendit%re for t$e year 'as 2/-)2
percent %nder Stream "-
oases
A::o=8>;on 8n Re:e8se o? F@ns ?or
S>re89 I
210000
220000
230000
240000
250000
260000
270000
280000
2002-03 2003-04
Ye8r
R s % ; n : 8 A B
To>8:
A::o=8>;on
To>8: F@ns Re:e8se
)5
Since t$e inception of t$e S8R9 and %pto Marc$ 200*! a@o%t 20/2;-). laA$
mandays 'ere generated against an e2pendit%re of Rs-)*5.0-.5 crore %nder
@ot$ t$e streams of t$e sc$eme
)
- "n 200200;!
A total of 201;-;2 laA$ mandays employment 'as generated for S6DS,
alone! '$ic$ 'as a@o%t 55 percent of t$e total mandays generated %nder
Stream "-
Employment generation for S6DS, %nder Stream "" of S8R9 for t$e year
'as 20.2-1) laA$ mandays! a@o%t 5. percent of t$e total-
Similarly! 'orAs completed e2cl%si4ely for S6DS, %nder Stream " and "" 'ereJ
**-. percent and ;1-/+ percent respecti4ely in 200200; and
52-;2 percent and ;;-/5 percent respecti4ely in 200;00*
"t is e4ident t$at t$e percentage of 'orAs completed e2cl%si4ely for S6DS, to
t$e total 'orAs completed %nder Stream " 'as $ig$er in t$e year 200200;-
)
Ann%al Report 200;00*! Ministry of R%ral (e4elopment! 8O"
oases
F@ns AD8;:8!:e , U>;:;se @ner S>re89 I
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
2002-03 2003-04
Ye8r
R s % ; n : 8 A B
To>8: AD8;:8!:e F@ns To>8: F@ns U>;:;se/EFpen;>@re
).
T8!:e &%&# A:: In;8 F;n8n=;8: Per?or98n=e o? SGRY I 8n II
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE (Rs. In lakh)
2002-03 2003-04
SGRY I SGRY II SGRY I SGRY II
1 Opening Balance as on 1
st
April
78052.92 58253.84 74400.05 56199.23
2
Allocation
Centre 177875.02 177378.00 205995.00 206030.00
3 State 59235.26 59021.72 68599.66 68555.50
4 Total 237110.28 236399.72 274594.66 274585.50
5
!n"s release"
Centre 184753.67 183709.91 206156.30 205947.49
6 State 61242.85 58551.09 46930.10 48130.14
7 Total 245996.52 242261.00 253086.40 254077.63
8 Ot#er $eceipts 9167.27 7706.35 8676.95 10016.50
9 Total A%aila&le !n"s 333216.71 308221.19 336163.40 320293.36
10 Total !n"s 'tilise"()*pen"it!re 254798.15 245203.31 207386.12 205446.36
11 + )*pen". to Total A%aila&le !n"s 76.47 79.55 61.69 64.14
12 Expenditure
on SC/ST
Activities
Total ,SC-ST. 66046.31 94512.45 56240.65 83843.17
13 % to Total Expend.
25.92 38.54 27.2 4!.8
,$e fig%res a@o4e indicate t$at alt$o%g$ only /.-*/ percent of t$e f%nds 'ere
%tilised to t$e total a4aila@le f%nds! e2pendit%re %nder S8R9 " on S6DS,
acti4ities to total e2pendit%re! for @ot$ t$e years! 'as $ig$er (25-+2 percent in
200200; and 2/-)2 percent in 200;00*) t$an as esta@lis$ed 22-5 percent in t$e
g%idelines-
Similarly! t$e employment generated for S6 and S, (com@ined) %nder S8R9 "
'as 5*-.. percent and 55-/5 percent of t$e total employment generated in t$e
years 200200; and 200;00* respecti4ely-
oases
)/
Per=en>8<e SB8re o? E9p:o"9en> Gener8>;on ?or SC/ST ;n S>re89 I
T8!:e &%(# A:: In;8 PB"s;=8: Per?or98n=e o? SGRY I 8n II
PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE
2002-03 2003-04
SGRY I SGRY II SGRY I SGRY II
1
)/plo0/ent
1an"a0s
2enerate"
,in la3#.
SC 1300.48 1338.35 974.56 984.33
2 ST 782.84 724.46 776.87 885.44
3 Ot#ers 1681.70 1596.85 1375.79 1348.03
4 Total 3811.48 3671.45 3141.32 3217.80
5 + )/plo0/ent 1an"a0s 2enerate" 4or SC 34.12 36.45 31.02 30.59
6 + )/plo0/ent 1an"a0s 2enerate" 4or ST 20.54 19.73 24.73 27.52
7
Stat!s o4
5or3s ,in
n!/&ers.
5or3s Co/plete" 414465 1001631 431592 614997
8 5or3s !n"er 6rogress 169984 274042 254336 367447
9 Total 7or3s 584449 1275673 685928 982444
10 5or3s co/p. e*cl!si%el0 4or SC(ST 184771 388507 225829 207584
11 % o" #or$s co%p. exclusivel& "or SC/ST 44.58 38.79 52.32 33.75
oases
2!!2'!3
35+
21+
44+
2!!3'!4
31+
25+
44+
SC ST (t)ers
)1
CHAPTER 2
OB)ECTIVES* MET+ODOLOGY ,
LIMITATIONS
,$e st%dy specifically aims to $ig$lig$t one of t$e important targets %nder t$e
Sc$emeHs @road o%tline and o@Becti4es! i-e-! t$e Sc$ed%led 6astes and Sc$ed%led
,ri@es and t$e Beneficiary0Oriented "ndi4id%al 5rograms intended for t$em-
OB)ECTIVES OF T+E STUDY
&% ,o e2amine '$et$er t$e @enefits of t$e sc$eme are accr%ed to S6DS,
@eneficiaries
(% >inds of 'orAs taAen %p
'% ,$e e2tent of food sec%rity and %tiliCation of f%nds %nder t$e sc$eme
Spe=;?;= O!Ee=>;Des
/% Assess t$e proportion of f%nds allocation and %tilisation for t$e
employment @enefit of S6DS,
0% F%antify t$e Additional =age Employment targeted and act%ally
generated for S6DS,
1% F%antify t$e 'agesDincome (Aind and cas$) earned @y S6DS,
@eneficiaries
.% Analyse t$e food sec%rity ac$ie4ed @y t$e S6DS, @eneficiaries t$ro%g$
t$e sc$eme
2% "dentify t$e types of assets created in general and t$e earmarAed assets
created in S6DS, $a@itationsD'ards (50 per cent %nder Stream "")
-% F%antify t$e reso%rces (22-5 per cent of t$e first stream) %sed for
indi4id%al @eneficiary0oriented 'orAs for S6DS, families li4ing @elo' t$e
po4erty line (B5) and t$e type of 'orAs %ndertaAen
&3% Ascerta
in t$e E%ality of assets created %nder t$e sc$eme! t$eir %tility! cost
effecti4eness and s%staina@ility
&&% Assess t$e addition to t$e ann%al income and employment of t$e S6DS,
@eneficiaries after t$e creationDacE%isition of >Be 8sse>s
COVERAGE
All t$ose states $a4ing t$e proportion of S6 or S, pop%lation more t$en t$e
national a4erage and $a4ing more t$an 5 percent s$are of t$e total S6 and S,
pop%lation of t$e co%ntry 'ere selected-
oases
)+
T8!:e (%&# Se:e=>e S>8>es , D;s>r;=>s C;>B Propor>;on o? SC 8n ST
Pop@:8>;on
S*
Stats ! P"#$#"t%#n #& SC'S( C"%t"%a &#" sl)t%#n
Scheduled Tribes
Dominated States
Proportion of
ST (State %)
District having
Highest Proportion
of ST (%)
District with
proportion of ST
Nearest to State
Average (%)
Ra*asthan 12.56
Bans7ara
,72.27.
$a8sa/on"
,13.08.
2 +ha"khan, 26.30
2!/la
,68.35.
6!r&i Sing#&#!/i
,27.84.
3 O"%ssa 22.13
1al3angiri
,57.42.
Balangir
,20.62.
4 Chhatt%s-a"h 31.75
9ante7a"a
,78.51.
$aigar#
,35.37.
5 Ma,h.a P"a,sh 20.27
Bar7ani
,67.01.
S#eop!r
,21.53.
+ G/*a"at 14.76
9angs
,93.76.
Sa&ar3ant
,20.17.
7 Maha"asht"a 08.85
:an"!r&ar
,65.53.
:an"e"
,08.81.
8 Na-alan, 89.14
6#e3
,96.47.
;o#i/a
,90.54.
Scheduled astes
Dominated States
Proportion of
S (State %)
District having
Highest Proportion
of S
District with
proportion of S
Nearest to State
Average (%)
9 Ra*asthan 17.15
2anganagar
,33.71.
A8/er
,17.70.
! 0tta" P"a,sh 21.14
Son&#a"ra
,41.91.
Bi8nor
,20.94.
1st 2n-al 23.01
Cooc#&e#ar
,50.11.
<!gli
,23.58.
2 An,h"a P"a,sh 16.19
:ellore
,22.00.
;#a//a/
,16.54.
3 3a"nataka 16.20
;olar
,26.49.
S#i/oga
,16.40.
4 (a4%l Na,/ 19.00
T#ir!%ar!r
,32.35.
=ir!"#!nagar
,18.97.
5 2%ha" 15.72
:a7a"a
,29.64.
Sa#arsa
,16.09.
Se4en states 'ere co4ered for t$e @eneficiary sc$emes for Sc$ed%led 6astesJ
&% R8E8s>B8n
(% U>>8r Pr8esB
'% B;B8r
oases
20
/% 4es> Ben<8:
0% AnBr8 Pr8esB
1% K8rn8>8A8
.% T89;: N8@
Eig$t states 'ere co4ered for @eneficiary sc$emes for Sc$ed%led ,ri@esJ
2% R8E8s>B8n
-% )B8rAB8n
&3% Or;ss8
&&% M8B"8 Pr8esB
&(%CBB8>>;s<8rB
&'%M8B8r8sB>r8
&/%N8<8:8n (8s 8 nor>Be8s> s>8>e)
&0%R8E8s>B8n
,$%s t$e st%dy co4ers )5 states (RaBast$an is co4ered for @ot$ S6 and S,)-
REFERENCE PERIOD
,$e reference period for t$e e4al%ation st%dy 'as t$e financial years 200200;
and 200;0200*- ,$e proBects sanctioned only d%ring t$ese t'o financial years
'ere assessed-
MET+ODOLOGY
,$e e4al%ation incl%des primary data collected t$ro%g$ field s%r4ey %sing
str%ct%red sc$ed%les and secondary data from departmental records! reports
and p%@lications-
5rimary data 'as collected %sing si2 categories of sc$ed%les as indicated @elo'J
&% D;s>r;=> S=Be@:e
(% In>er9e;8>e P8n=B8"8> S=Be@:e
'% Gr89 P8n=B8"8>/V;::8<e P8n=B8"8> S=Be@:e
/% Asse> S=Be@:e ?or O??;=;8:s
0% SC/ST Bene?;=;8r" S=Be@:e
1% Non5Bene?;=;8r" S=Be@:e
A S>8>e CBe=A:;s> 'as also administered at t$e state le4el for eac$ of t$e
states co4ered in t$e st%dy-
SAMPLING PLAN
=it$in t$e state! m%lti0stage sampling 'as %sed to select t$e sampling %nits!
namely! districts! @locAs! 8ram 5anc$ayats (85s)! S6DS, @eneficiaries and
S6DS, non0@eneficiaries-
oases
2)
Se:e=>;on o? D;s>r;=>s
,'o districts from eac$ of t$e )5 states 'ere selected 0 one 'it$ t$e $ig$est
proportion of S6DS, pop%lation in t$e state! and t$e ot$er $a4ing t$e
proportion of S6DS, pop%lation eit$er eE%al or close to t$e state a4erage-
Se:e=>;on o? B:o=As
,$ree @locAs from eac$ district 'ere selected at random-
Se:e=>;on o? Gr89 P8n=B8"8>s
S8R9 is implemented at t$ree le4elsJ (istrict! BlocA and 8ram 5anc$ayat- At
t$e district le4el! t$e <illa 5anc$ayat is t$e implementing agency! '$ile at t$e
@locA le4el it is t$e "ntermediate 5anc$ayat- #or t$e years 200200; and 200;0
0*! t$e f%nds for t$e district and @locA le4els 'ere allocated separately t$ro%g$
Stream "! and t$e implementing agencies at district and @locA le4els selected
t$e 'orAs to @e %ndertaAen in selected 8ram 5anc$ayats t$ro%g$ t$eir f%nds-
7ence t$e f%nds of t$e district and @locA 'o%ld $a4e @een %tilised only in a fe'
selected 8ram 5anc$ayats- "n contrast! t$e f%nds of Stream "" 'ere distri@%ted
to all t$e 8ram 5anc$ayats directly from t$e district and t$e 8ram 5anc$ayats
t$emsel4es %ndertooA 'orAs-
,en 8ram 5anc$ayats (85s) 'ere selected per @locA '$ere t$e largest n%m@er
of indi4id%al @eneficiaries is concentrated- 6are 'as taAen to select t$ose 85s
t$at implement t$e indi4id%al oriented sc$emes %nder S8R9 t$at 'ere f%nded
from @ot$ t$e <illa 5anc$ayats and "ntermediate 5anc$ayats-
Se:e=>;on o? Bene?;=;8r;es
Si2 @eneficiaries 'ere selected at random from eac$ 85 '$o a4ailed @enefits
d%ring 200200; and 200;00*! %nder I"ndi4id%al @eneficiary sc$emes of S6DS,
familiesH-
Se:e=>;on o? Non5!ene?;=;8r;es
"n eac$ 85! t'o S6DS, non0@eneficiaries 'ere selected at random '$o are
eligi@le for @enefits %nder S8R9! @%t $a4e not yet a4ailedDrecei4ed @enefits-
Se:e=>;on o? Asse>s
,'enty assets per BlocA %nder indi4id%al assets earmarAed for indi4id%al
@eneficiary sc$emes of S6DS, ()0 eac$ from <5 f%nd and "5 f%nd) 'ere selected
for e4al%ation t$ro%g$ random sampling-
,$e assets 'ere e4al%ated @ased on t$e responses gi4en @y t$e &%nior Engineer!
Sarpanc$ or t$e Secretary for eac$ asset separately-
,$%s t$e E%icA e4al%ation st%dy of Beneficiary Oriented S8R9 Sc$emes for
S6DS, is @ased on t$e secondary data and information gat$ered at state!
district! @locA and 85DV5 le4els! and primary data generated at t$e 4ario%s
oases
22
Ainds of @eneficiary and non0@eneficiary le4els in t$e 4illages- "n addition to
t$ese! details of t$e indi4id%al assets createdD'orAs done are analysed t$ro%g$
asset sc$ed%les-

oases
2;
STATE
,-ST.-CTS
/20
12(C3S
,3 Bloc3s per 9istrict.
,3*2>6.
45/65s
10 =6(26s per Bloc3
,10*6>60.
ASSETS
20 Assets per &loc3
,20*6>120.
1E*E7-C-A.-ES
6 Bene4iciaries per 26
,6*60>360.
*(*'1E*E7-C-A.-ES
2 :on-&en. per 26
,2*60>120.
SAMPLING PLAN
Number of Schedules in each State
T8!:e (%(# N@9!er o? S=Be@:es C8nD8sse
SN States Blocks VPs Ben. Non-Ben. Assets
ST States
1 $a8ast#an 6 60 360 120 120
2 ?#ar3#an" 6 0 320 104 104
3 Orissa 6 60 360 120 120
4 C##attisgar# 4 40 360 120 120
5 16 6 60 300 120 120
6 2!8arat 4 60 360 120 120
7 1a#aras#tra 6 60 280 120 120
8 :agalan" 7 60 0 0 120
SC States
9 $a8ast#an 6 60 360 120 120
10 '6 6 60 340 120 106
11 5B 6 60 360 120 120
12 A6 6 60 360 120 120
13 ;arnata3a 6 60 360 120 25
14 Ta/il :a"! 6 60 360 120 120
15 Bi#ar 6 60 360 120 120
LIMITATIONS OF T+E STUDY
#ollo'ing limitations 'ere @ro%g$t to lig$t d%ring t$e co%rse of st%dy-
Since separate allocation for "ndi4id%al Beneficiary 5rogram $as not @een
done! performance of t$e program is also not reported- (%e to t$is lacA of
separate record Aeeping and a@sence of reporting of t$e program
performance @y t$e implementing agencies! information a4aila@le is 4ery
little- ,$%s it is 4ery diffic%lt to ascertain t$e performance D impact of t$e
program acc%rately at all le4els-
,$e sample siCes 'ere not %niform in all t$e districts co4ered @y t$e report-
,$is 'as @eca%se of t$e 4ario%s reasons in different states-
Ma$aras$traJ ,$e total S, @eneficiary co4erage in t$e t$ree S,
dominated @locAs in Nanded and Nand%r@ar districts of
Ma$aras$tra do not accomplis$ t$e reE%ired sample siCe of
@eneficiaries- 7ence! only )05 @eneficiaries 'ere co4ered in
Nanded and )/5 in Nand%r@ar as per t$eir a4aila@ility-
oases
2*
NagalandJ ,$ere are no indi4id%al @eneficiaries at all %nder S8R9
in t$e entire Nagaland- ,$e c%stomary la' of Nagaland %p$olds
t$e comm%nity as a '$ole and all t$e @enefits recei4ed are %tilised
for t$e entire 4illage and not for any single indi4id%al- ,$e assets
are created @y t$e comm%nity and for t$e comm%nity- ,$e
"ndi4id%al Beneficiary f%nds (22-5 percent) are merged 'it$ t$e
rest of //-5 percent of Stream " f%nd and treated as a single
allocation- "n t$is @acAgro%nd! t$e samples of @eneficiary
sc$ed%les and non0@eneficiary sc$ed%les co%ld not @e co4ered in
Nagaland-
Again a sample of indi4id%al @eneficiary assets 'as reE%ired as per
t$e sampling met$odology- B%t t$e c%stomary la' sees comm%nity
as a '$ole and all t$e de4elopment f%nds are %tilised for t$e
4illage as a '$ole- ,$%s t$e assets created are all comm%nity
assets- ,$erefore! in t$e a@sence of t$e indi4id%al assets! t$e
comm%nity assets created 'it$ f%nds %nder "ndi4id%al Beneficiary
component %nder Stream " $a4e @een co4ered in t$e st%dy-
8%BaratJ (istrict (angs in 8%Barat $as only one @locA K A$'a-
,$erefore! only one @locA co%ld @e co4ered in t$e district as
against t$e reE%ired t$ree as per t$e met$odology-
:ttar 5rades$J ,$ere 'ere not eno%g$ @eneficiaries and assets
%nder t$e "ndi4id%al Beneficiary sc$eme for S6DS, in t$e ;0 85s
co4ered and $ence! only ).0 @eneficiaries and *. assets co%ld @e
co4ered for t$e st%dy in district BiBnor as against t$e targeted )10
@eneficiaries and .0 assets-
&$arA$andJ ,$ere are no Village panc$ayats in t$e State-
,$erefore!
No V5 sc$ed%le co%ld @e administered d%e to its complete
a@sence in @ot$ t$e districts-
Only 20 @eneficiaries 'ere co4ered from @locA 8$ats$ila in
district 5%r@i Sing$@$%mi (as against .0 in a @locA as per t$e
met$odology)! @eca%se t$e @locA and district officials co%ld
pro4ide a list of B%st 20 @eneficiaries-
Only * non0@eneficiary sc$ed%les and asset sc$ed%les (as
against 20) 'ere can4assed in t$e same @locA-
Since 85DV5 is not 'orAing in @ot$ t$e districts! no 85DV5
sc$ed%le co%ld @e can4assed-
6$$attisgar$J (ata for only t'o "5s 'ere a4aila@le in district
(ante'ala! as per t$e met$odology- 7ence! only 5 "5s and 50
Village 5anc$ayats co%ld @e co4ered in t$e state for t$e st%dy-
oases
25
Eliciting data from t$e officials 'as e2tremely diffic%lt- ,$is 'as
@eca%se of
5oor maintenance of records at t$e 4illage and @locA le4el! and
acA of Ano'ledge a@o%t t$e sc$eme and prescri@ed proced%res-
,$e 4illage panc$ayats 'ere selected on t$e @asis of ma2im%m
concentration of t$e @eneficiaries- "n eac$ panc$ayat as per t$e
sc$ed%led met$odology si2 @eneficiaries and t'o non0@eneficiaries
'ere to @e inter4ie'ed- 7o'e4er! '$ere4er reE%ired si2
@eneficiaries and t'o non0@eneficiaries 'ere not a4aila@le! t$ey
'ere co4ered from ot$er panc$ayats-
oases
2.
CHAPTER 3
AREA AND BENEFICIARY PROFILES
,$e F%icA E4al%ation St%dy of Beneficiary Oriented (S6DS,) 5rogram of S8R9
foc%ses on all t$ose states of t$e co%ntry t$at $a4e an S6 or S, pop%lation of
more t$an 5 percent- "n t$is attempt it co4ers eig$t states for S, and se4en
States for t$e S6 pop%lation- ,$e ta@les @elo' pro4ide t$e socio0demograp$ic
c$aracteristics of t$e selected states-
T8!:e '%&# De9o<r8pB" o? >Be Se:e=>e S>8>es
SN S(A(ES (#tal P#$/lat%#n
5 Mal
P#$/.
5
F4al
P#$/.
5 #& R/"al
$#$/. t#
(.P#$/.
5 #& /"6an
$#$/. t#
(.P#$/.
5 SC
$#$/lat%#n
5 S(
$#$/lat%#n
ST States
$a8ast#an 56@507@188 52.06 47.94 76.61 23.39 17.16 12.56
2 ?#ar3#an" 26@945@829 51.53 48.47 77.76 22.24 11.84 26.30
3 Orissa 36@804@660 50.70 49.30 85.01 14.99 16.53 22.13
4 C##attisgar# 20@833@803 50.28 49.72 79.91 20.09 11.61 31.76
5 16 60@348@023 52.10 47.90 73.54 26.46 15.17 20.27
+ 2!8arat 50@671@017 52.07 47.93 62.64 37.36 7.09 14.76
7 1a#aras#tra 96@878@627 52.02 47.98 57.57 42.43 10.20 8.85
8 :agalan" 1@990@036 52.62 47.38 82.77 17.23 0 89.15
SC Stats
9 $a8ast#an 56@507@188 52.06 47.94 76.61 23.39 17.16 12.56
! '6 166@197@921 52.69 47.31 79.22 20.78 21.15 0.06
5B 80@176@197 51.72 48.28 72.03 27.97 23.02 5.50
2 A6 76@210@007 50.55 49.45 72.70 27.30 16.19 6.59
3 ;arnata3a 52@850@562 50.90 49.10 66.01 33.99 16.20 6.55
4 Ta/il :a"! 62@405@679 50.32 49.68 55.96 44.04 19.00 1.04
5 Bi#ar 82@998@509 52.10 47.90 72.18 27.82 15.72 0.91
A22 -*,-A 8!288+!8328 5.74 48.2+ 72.8 27.82 +.2! 8.2!
T8!:e '%(# L;>er8=" LeDe:s
oases
2/
Stats
(#tal L%t"a). "at
(5)
(#tal F4al L%t"a). "at
(5)
S( Stats
$a8ast#an 60.4 43.9
2 ?#ar3#an" 53.6 38.9
3 Orissa 63.1 50.5
4 C##attisgar# 64.7 51.9
5 1a"#0a 6ra"es# 63.7 50.3
+ 2!8arat 69.1 57.8
7 1a#aras#tra 76.9 67.0
8 :agalan" 66.6 61.5
SC Stats
9 $a8ast#an 60.4 43.9
! 'ttar 6ra"es# 56.3 42.2
5est Bengal 68.6 59.6
2 An"#ra 6ra"es# 60.5 50.4
3 ;arnata3a 66.6 56.9
4 Ta/il :a"! 73.5 64.4
5 Bi#ar 47.0 33.1
A22 -*,-A +4.8 53.7
BENEFICIARY PROFILE
Beneficiary gender profile in t$e s%r4eyed states 4aried to a great e2tent-
=omen @eneficiaries in RaBast$an S, (istricts! RaBsamond and Bans'ara!
acco%nted for /*-/ percent and S6 districts ABmer and 8anganagar 5+-2
percent-
oases
21
T8!:e '%'# Gener Pro?;:e
SN S(A(ES Mals (5) F4als (5)
ST STATES
1 $a8ast#an 25.3 74.7
2 ?#ar3#an" 95.6 4.4
3 Orissa 87.8 12.2
4 C##attisgar# 83.6 16.4
5 16 96.3 3.7
6 2!8arat 93.3 6.7
7 1a#aras#tra 82.9 17.1
8 :agalan"
SC STATES
9 $a8ast#an 40.8 59.2
10 '6 88.2 11.8
11 5B 86.4 13.6
12 A6 60.6 39.4
13 ;arnata3a 60.6 39.4
14 T: 66.4 33.6
15 Bi#ar 96.9 3.1
TOTAA 75.5 24.5
"n all! @eneficiaries 'ere primarily males (/5-5 percent)
MaBority of t$e @eneficiaries (*0-5 percent) 'ere in t$e age gro%p of ;00*0
years follo'ed @y 2+-* percent @et'een t$e age of *0050 years-
oases
2+
T8!:e '%/# A<e Pro?;:e
SN Stats A- -"#/$s (%n .a"s)

< 30 31-40 41-50 51-60 >60 No
Response
ST STATES
1 $a8ast#an 66.4+ 32.5+ 1.1+
2 ?#ar3#an" 29.1+ 48.1+ 18.1+ 3.4+ 1.3+
3 Orissa 6.1+ 39.4+ 45.0+ 8.3+ 1.1+
4 C##attisgar# 8.9+ 43.9+ 32.5+ 12.2+ 2.5+
5 16 17.3+ 43.2+ 28.9+ 8.6+ 2.0+
6 2!8arat 8.3+ 27.8+ 32.5+ 22.8+ 8.6+
7 1a#aras#tra 8.9+ 31.4+ 26.8+ 18.2+ 13.9+ .7+
8 :agalan"
SC STATES
9 $a8ast#an 22.5+ 38.9+ 22.8+ 11.1+ 4.7+
10 '6 17.1+ 36.8+ 21.5+ 16.2+ 7.1+ 1.5+
11 5B 23.3+ 40.6+ 28.1+ 6.7+ 1.4+
12 A6 22.2+ 42.5+ 24.2+ 8.3+ 2.8+
13 ;arnata3a 4.4+ 30.6+ 38.9+ 17.2+ 7.2+ 1.7+
14 T: 19.7+ 36.7+ 30.6+ 11.4+ 1.4+ .3+
15 Bi#ar 20.6+ 40.6+ 26.4+ 10.6+ 1.9+

Total 4.8% 4!.5% 29.4% .!% 3.9% .4%
,$e S6 dominated states $a4e more S6 @eneficiaries and S, dominated states
more S, @eneficiaries- ,$is 'as @eca%se of t$e adopted met$odology for
selection of @eneficiary respondents-
TBe s>@" ;n 8:: =oDere (0/3 SC !ene?;=;8r;es 8n ('3& ST
!ene?;=;8r;es%
,$e follo'ing c$art s$o's t$e caste categoryDsocial stat%s of t$e @eneficiaries-
oases
;0
oases
;)
DISTRESS AREAS
Bot$ t$e s%r4eyed districts in RaBast$an (S,)! M5! >arnataAa A5 and Bi$ar!
faced distress sit%ations- Bans'ara and RaBsamond districts in RaBast$an
'ere affected 'it$ dro%g$t-
(istrict ABmer (RaBast$an S6) $as @een %nder se4ere dro%g$t for t$e past
fo%r years K ad4erse affect on farming! employment and income-
Bot$ t$e districts! MalAangiri L Bolangir of Orissa are dro%g$t prone and
4ery poor (as per )++/ B5 s%r4ey t$ese districts $a4e 1)-11 percent and
.)-0. percent B5 r%ral families respecti4ely)
5%ssa%r @locA in district Raigar$ of 6$$attisgar$ 'as affected @y floods 0
$o%ses 'ere dro'ned and damaged-
Sa@arAant$a in 8%Barat is a dro%g$t prone district-
T8!:e '%0# D;s>ress D;s>r;=>s
Stats 7%st"ss 7%st"%)ts N#n-,%st"ss 7%st"%)ts
S( S(A(ES
$a8ast#an
Bans7ara
$a8sa/an"
?#ar3#an"
)-Sing#&#!/
2!/la
Orissa 1al3angiri Bolangir
C##attisgar#
9ante7a"a
$aigar#
16
Bar7ani
S#eop!r
2!8arat Sa&ar3ant#a 9angs
1a#aras#tra
:an"e"
:an"!r&ar
:agalan"
;o#i/a
6#e3
SC S(A(ES
$a8ast#an
A8/er
S#riganganagar
'6
Bi8nor
Son&#a"ra
5est Bengal
Cooc# Be#ar
<oog#l0
A6
;#a//a/
:ellore
;arnata3a
;olar
S#i/oga
Ta/il :a"! T#ir!%ar!r =ir!"#!nagar
Bi#ar Sa#arsa :a7a"a
oases
;2
CHAPTER 4
SC+EME PERFORMANCE
S'arnaBayanti 8ram RoCgar 9oBana is implemented as a centrally sponsored
sc$eme on cost s$aring @asis @et'een t$e 6entre and States in t$e ratio of /5J25
of t$e cas$ component of t$e program- Beneficiary Oriented 5rograms for S6
and S, are taAen %p %nder stream " of t$e 9oBana as "ndi4id%al Beneficiary
Sc$emes for S6DS,- 7ence! t$is c$apter co4ers only t$e stream " of t$e S8R9-
ALLOCATION AND RECEIPT OF FUNDS
,$e s%rpl%s in all "ndia total f%nds released as against t$e total f%nds allocated
for Stream " of S8R9 in 200200; is percepti@ly reflected in t$e allocation and
release of f%nds to t$e selected states for t$e st%dy-
,a@le *-) @elo' indicates t$at t$e f%nds released to states &$arA$and! 8%Barat!
=est Bengal and Nagaland 'ere less t$an t$e f%nds allocated to t$ese states in
t$e year 200200;- #or ot$er states f%nd release e2ceeded t$e f%nd allocation-
,otal a4aila@le f%nds 'ere more t$an t$e f%nds allocated for @ot$ t$e years
e2cept in case of Nagaland-
,$e State R%ral (e4elopment (epartment coordinates t$e implementation of
t$e sc$eme 8> >Be S>8>e :eDe:-
#%nds and foodgrains are allotted to t$e States on t$e @asis of proportion of
r%ral poor in a State to t$e total r%ral poor in t$e co%ntry-
,$e States on an a4erage taAe a@o%t +0 days after release of 6entral
assistance to release its matc$ing s$are of S8R9 f%nds (cas$) to
(R(AsD<illa 5aris$ads-
A> >Be ;s>r;=> :eDe:*
,$e allocation of f%nds and foodgrains is made on t$e inde2 of
@acA'ardness form%lated on t$e @asis of t$e proportion of r%ral S6DS,
pop%lation in a district to t$e total S6DS, pop%lation in t$e state and
in4erse of per capita prod%ction of t$e agric%lt%ral 'orAers in t$at district-
oases
;;
T8!:e /%&# A::o=8>;on 8n Re=e;p> o? F@ns @ner S>re89 I
2002-03
SN S(A(ES
O$n%n- 2alan) as
#n 8 A$"%l 2002
All#)at%#n F/n,s "las,
Oth"
R)%$ts
(#tal F/n,s
A9a%la6l
Cnt" Stat (#tal Cnt" Stat Total
Stats (S()
1 $a8ast#an 2468.46 5419.58 1806.53 7226.11 7641.87 2179.85 9821.72B 0.00 12290.18
2 ?#ar3#an" 7029.71 12035.69 4011.9 16047.59 8688.60 4605.41 13294.01 107.72 20431.44
3 Orissa 2079.39 10810.67 3603.56 14414.23 14072.61 3044.44 17117.05B 24.29 19220.73
4 C##attisgar# 1028.18 5334.11 1778.04 7112.15 6819.08 2610.83 9429.91B 172.35 10630.44
5 1a"#0a 6ra"es# 2447.06 10359.77 3453.26 13813.03 12674.74 3978.93 16653.67B 153.46 19254.19
6 2!8arat 1941.87 3557.65 1185.88 4743.53 2936.50 0.00 2936.50 0.00 4878.37
7 1a#aras#tra 2401.27 14108.67 4702.89 18811.56 13724.74 5966.1 19690.84B 1302.9 23395.01
8 :agalan" 89.34 660.99 220.33 881.32 356.70 70.00 426.70 0.00 516.04
Stats (SC)
9 $a8ast#an 2468.46 5419.58 1806.53 7226.11 7641.87 2179.85 9821.72B 0.00 12290.18
10 'ttar 6ra"es# 21430.03 31940.91 10646.97 42587.88 33630.78 11210.29 44841.07B 1680.74 67951.84
11 5est Bengal 11339.6 12013.9 4004.63 16018.53 9937.03 3312.35 13249.38 315.55 24904.53
12 An"#ra 6ra"es# 1619.69 9451.48 3150.49 12601.97 12663.57 3128.07 15791.64B 45.74 17457.07
13 ;arnata3a 2850.44 7137.2 2379.07 9516.27 8880.42 2721.78 11602.20B 130.72 14583.36
14 Ta/il :a"! 238.90 8357.28 2785.76 11143.04 10936.45 3451.99 14388.44B 200.56 14827.90
15 Bi#ar 10975.76 18926.54 6308.85 25235.39 13497.24 6788.10 20285.34 119.46 31380.56
A22 -*,-A 78!52.92 77875.!2 59235.2+ 237!.28 84753.+7 +242.85 24599+.529 9+7.27 3332+.7
2003-04
oases
;*
SN S(A(ES
O$n%n- 2alan) as
#n 8 A$"%l 2003
All#)at%#n F/n,s Rlas,
Oth"
R)%$ts
(#tal F/n,s
A9a%la6l
Cnt" Stat (#tal Cnt" Stat (#tal
Stats (S()
1 $a8ast#an 1351.59 6276.45 2092.15 8368.60 6839.00 2427.56 9266.56B 0.00 10618.15
2 ?#ar3#an" 6169.05 13938.61 4646.2 18584.81 12534.80 182.9 12717.70 35.7 18922.45
3 Orissa 2054.69 12519.90 4173.30 16693.20 12646.73 4838.65 17485.38B 0.00 19540.07
4 C##attisgar# 1481.1 6177.47 2059.16 8236.63 6628.71 1921.05 8549.76B 95.12 10125.98
5 1a"#0a 6ra"es# 930.15 11997.72 3999.24 15996.96 12550.76 3077.39 15628.15 415.20 16973.5
6 2!8arat 1564.07 4120.14 1373.38 5493.52 4166.53 1202.36 5368.89 0.00 6932.96
7 1a#aras#tra 3720.66 16339.34 5446.45 21785.79 15415.69 4092.33 19508.02 403.88 23632.56
8 :agalan" 46.78 765.38 255.13 1020.51 562.83 9.09 571.92 0.00 618.70
Stats (SC)
9 $a8ast#an 1351.59 6276.45 2092.15 8368.60 6839.00 2427.56 9266.56B 0.00 10618.15
10 'ttar 6ra"es# 21682.76 36990.97 12330.32 49321.29 32147.19 7398.2 39545.39 0.00 61228.15
11 5est Bengal 10708.11 13913.37 4637.79 18551.16 9605.24 2435.95 12041.19 230.11 22979.41
12 An"#ra 6ra"es# 988.72 10945.80 3648.60 14594.4 11846.34 3019.29 14865.63B 15.70 15870.05
13 ;arnata3a 1969.61 8265.64 2755.21 11020.85 9640.95 2234.24 11875.19B 304.24 14149.04
14 Ta/il :a"! 299.76 9678.62 3226.21 12904.83 11505.68 3857.33 15363.01B 158.76 15821.53
15 Bi#ar 10388.53 21918.95 7306.32 29225.27 18096.75 4695.64 22792.39 175.72 33356.64
A22 -*,-A 744!!.!5 2!5995 +8599.++ 274594.++ 2!+5+.3 4+93!. 253!8+.4 8+7+.95 33++3.4
M Ann%al Report 200;00*! MoR(! 8O"
oases
;5
UTILISATION OF FUNDS
22-5 percent of t$e total amo%nt is t$e amo%nt allocated for t$e e2pendit%re
e2cl%si4ely on S6DS, i-e- on t$e indi4id%al @eneficiary sc$emes-
:nder0%tilisation of f%nds for t$e specific components of acti4ities on S6DS,
%nder stream " 'as o@ser4ed in S$eop%r in Mad$aya 5rades$! Na'ada in
Bi$ar and Nanded in Ma$aras$tra-
#ig%res for %tilisation of f%nds on S6DS, acti4ities in Nand%r@ar in
Ma$aras$tra! ,$ir%4ar%r in ,amil Nad%! S$imoga in >arnataAa! >$ammam
in And$ara 5rades$ and Son@$adra in :ttar 5rades$ 'ere far a@o4e t$e
earmarAed s$are-
Nagaland %tilised its entire amo%nt on t$e S, of t$e state @%t it may @e noticed
t$at alt$o%g$ all t$ese )00 percent e2pendit%re 'ere made for t$e @enefits of
t$e S, comm%nity! t$e state %p$olds t$e comm%nity as a '$ole and '$ate4er
@enefits are comingG t$ey are %tilised for t$e entire 4illage and not for any single
indi4id%al-
oases
;.
T8!:e /%(# U>;:;s8>;on o? F@ns ?or IBS ?or SC/ST ;n ST S>8>es
Stats 7%st"%)ts 2002-03 2003-04
5 0t%l%sat%#n #n
I2P at :P
5 0t%l%sat%#n #n
I2P at IP
5 (#tal
0t%l%sat%#n #n
I2P
50t%l%sat%#n #n
I2P at :P
50t%l%sat%#n #n
I2P at IP
5 (#tal
0t%l%sat%#n #n I2P
$a8ast#an Bans7ara 21.16 22.94 22.19 24.41 26.74 25.81
$a8sa/an"
?#ar3#an" 2!/la
)-Sing#&#!/ 10.18 13.21
Orissa 1al3angiri 22.68 22.68 22.68 23.08 23.08 22.81
Bolangir 33.96 39.98 39.80 23.42 23.42 23.42
C##attisgar# 9ante7a"a
$aigar# 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.22 4.06 2.35
1a"#0a 6ra"es# S#eop!r 21.20 22.14 21.76 24.31 22.98 23.49
Bar7ani
2!8arat Sa&ar3ant#a 29.16 39.72
9angs 22.50 22.50 22.50 13.36 22.50 18.28
1a#aras#tra :an"e" 17.67 17.14 17.35 19.88 19.88 19.88
:an"!r&ar 17.90 29.88 24.73 36.75 33.59 34.63
:agalan" ;o#i/a
6#e3 0.00 11.97 11.97 0.00 15.76 15.76
oases
;/
T8!:e /%'# U>;:;s8>;on o? F@ns ?or IBS ?or SC/ST ;n SC S>8>es
Stats 7%st"%)ts 2002-03 2003-04
5 0t%l%sat%#n #n
I2P at :P
5 0t%l%sat%#n #n
I2P at IP
5 (#tal
0t%l%sat%#n #n
I2P
5 0t%l%sat%#n #n
I2P at :P
5 0t%l%sat%#n #n
I2P at IP
5 (#tal
0t%l%sat%#n #n I2P
$a8ast#an A8/er
2anga :agar 25.36 25.36 25.36 25.32 25.33 25.32
'ttar 6ra"es# Bi8nor 22.50 22.50 22.50 34.65 26.93 29.34
Son&#a"ra 38.20 71.43 63.60 22.50 22.50 22.50
5est Bengal Cooc#&e#ar 22.60 22.50
<oog#l0 25.20 25.20 25.20 24.95 24.95 24.95
An"#ra 6ra"es# :ellore
;#a//a/ 100.00 97.91
;arnata3a S#i/oga 16.31 16.30 16.31 30.69 30.69 30.69
;olar 20.00 20.00 20.00 21.66 23.96 22.98
Ta/il :a"! T#ir!%ar!r 22.50 22.50 22.50 77.50 22.50 44.50
=ir!"#!nagar 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Bi#ar Sa#arsa 22.50 22.50 22.50
:a7a"a 12.78 13.70 13.51 17.85
oases
;1
DETAILS OF 4ORKS
At t$e all "ndia le4el more t$an ** percent 'orAs of t$e total completed 'orAs
'ere for t$e Sc$ed%led 6astes and Sc$ed%led ,ri@e @eneficiaries %nder stream "
in 200200;-
,$e lo'est percentage of 'orAs completed for S6DS, in t$e same financial
year 'as in Bi$ar and &$arA$and ()1-01 percent and )5-05 percent)-
Mad$ya 5rades$ completed more t$an 15 percent of t$e total completed
'orAs e2cl%si4ely for S6 and S, in t$e state-
,$e 4ario%s Ainds of 'orAs taAen %p %nder stream " of S8R9 4aried from state
to state and also district to district in a State-
"n Nagaland! t$e assets created are all comm%nity assets! liAe comm%nity
$all! approac$ road or linA road-
"n RaBast$an! $o%ses $a4e @een pro4ided %nder indi4id%al oriented program
of S8R9-
"n And$ra 5rades$! Nellore district f%nded a 4ariety of 'orAs liAe paddy
crop! @ricA %nitsG fis$Dpra'n ponds and @ore'ell 'it$ po'er p%mp %nit
'$ile in >$ammam district 'orAs 'ere done taAing in to acco%nt t$e local
circ%mstances and needs of t$e people and in ma2im%m of t$e cases people
are gi4en $o%ses-
"n =est Bengal! "BS f%nds 'ere %sed for general 'orAs of S6DS, comm%nity
liAe @%ilding roads! c%l4erts! etc- in addition to cycle ricAs$a' 4ans in
7oog$ly district! '$ereas in 6ooc$@e$ar district! @eneficiaries 'ere gi4en
%nder "BS eit$er cycle ricAs$a' 4an or se'ing mac$ine or goats etc-
,$e follo'ing ta@le pro4ides t$e state fig%res for stat%s of 'orAs for S6DS,
%nder stream "! incl%ding t$e indi4id%al @eneficiary sc$eme-
oases
;+
T8!:e /%/# S>8>@s o? 4orAs (;n N@9!ers) ?or SC/ST @ner S>re89 I
S(A(ES
2002-03 2003-04
Works
Coplete!
Works
"n!er
Pro#ress
$otal %orks
Works cop.
e&cl"s'(el) *or
SC+S$
5 #& 1#"ks
)#4$.
;)l/s%9l. &#"
SC'S(
Works
Coplete!
Works
"n!er
Pro#ress
$otal %orks
Works cop.
e&cl"s'(el) *or
SC+S$
, o* Works
cop.
;)l/s%9l. &#"
SC'S(
S( S(A(ES
1 $a8ast#an 24832 9914 34746 12958 52.8 30482 12977 43459 19671 64.53
2 ?#ar3#an" 5429 9424 14853 817 5.!5 1621 8388 10009 579 35.72
3 Orissa 37022 9557 46579 10156 27.43 28428 19231 47659 10432 36.70
4 C##attisgar# 12474 5486 17960 4602 3+.89 14230 14398 28628 8451 59.39
5 16 62762 23635 86397 53346 85.!! 50096 44183 94279 43372 86.58
6 2!8arat 6545 4294 10839 3446 52.+5 9533 6291 15824 5003 52.48
7 1a#aras#tra 15985 17806 33791 3281 2!.53 14370 23212 37582 5528 38.47
8 :agalan" 474 190 664 :A *A :A :A :A :A :A
SC S(A(ES
9 $a8ast#an 24832 9914 34746 12958 52.8 30482 12977 43459 19671 64.53
10 '6 36318 24368 60686 10025 27.+! 23194 19388 42582
11 5B 18432 6763 25195 6052 32.83 22991 13286 36277 10497 45.66
12 A6 32220 6546 40766 10487 32.55 25061 10956 36017 8799 35.11
13 ;arnata3a 49483 8422 57905 22349 45.7 31480 18829 50309 11210 35.61
14 T: 34434 3323 37757 19608 5+.94 79431 6463 85894 54682 68.84
15 Bi#ar 12597 14807 27404 2278 8.!8 14811 17975 32786 4405 29.74
A22 -*,-A 444+5 +9984 584449 8477 44.58 43592 25433+ +85928 225829 52.32
M Ann%al Report 200;00*! MoR(! 8O"-
oases
*0
EMPLOYMENT GENERATED
,$e follo'ing ta@le pro4ides a @road pict%re of employment generated
e2cl%si4ely for S6DS, %nder stream " '$ic$ incl%des t$e indi4id%al @eneficiary
sc$eme- No separate records are maintained for Employment generation %nder
t$e Beneficiary Oriented Sc$emes for S6DS, %nder stream "-
T8!:e /%0# E9p:o"9en> Gener8>e EF=:@s;De:" ?or SC/ST @ner
S>re89 I
SN
Ya" 2002-03 2003-04
ST
STATES
E4$l#.4nt
-n"at, &#"
S( (4an,a.s
%n lakh)
(#tal
4$l#.4nt
-n"at,
(4an,a.s %n
lakh)
5 sha" #&
4$l#.4nt
-n"at, &#"
S(
E4$l#.4nt
-n"at, &#"
S( (4an,a.s
%n lakh)
(#tal
4$l#.4nt
-n"at,
(4an,a.s %n
lakh)
5 sha" #&
4$l#.4nt
-n"at, &#"
S(
1 $a8ast#an 67.27 199.38 33.74 35.06 128.20 27.35
2 ?#ar3#an" 50.85 141.37 35.97 8.45 22.69 37.24
3 Orissa 108.23 291.35 37.15 87.30 234.13 37.29
4 C##attisgar# 103.12 277.16 37.21 63.54 155.51 40.86
5 16 106.32 270.62 39.29 65.79 181.68 36.21
6 2!8arat 35.58 113.91 31.24 39.07 149.04 26.21
7 1a#aras#tra 51.56 239.06 21.57 42.64 197.74 21.56
8 :agalan" 13.33 13.33 100.00 221.89 221.89 100.00
A22 -*,-A 782.84 3811.48 20.54 1156.79 4463.43 25.92
SC
STATES
)/plo0/ent
generate"
"or SC
,/an"a0s in
la3#.
Total
e/plo0/ent
generate"
,/an"a0s in
la3#.
+ s#are o4
e/plo0/ent
generate"
"or SC
)/plo0/ent
generate"
"or SC
,/an"a0s in
la3#.
Total
e/plo0/ent
generate"
,/an"a0s in
la3#.
+ s#are o4
e/plo0/ent
generate"
"or SC
9 $a8ast#an 67.75 199.38 33.98 47.31 128.20 36.90
10 '6 372.35 658.86 56.51 222.33 419.12 53.05
11 5B 66.6 171.20 38.90 63.54 162.95 38.99
12 A6 51.39 190.91 26.92 44.74 188.89 23.69
13 ;arnata3a 65.91 243.47 27.07 56.09 203.94 27.50
14 T: 124.19 251.09 49.46 113 241.81 46.73
15 Bi#ar 117.93 238.19 49.51 95.25 193.73 49.17
A22 -*,-A 1300.48 3811.48 34.12 1413.69 4463.43 31.67
oases
TBere ;s no spe=;?;= ?or98> ?or =o::e=>;n< ;n?or98>;on re<8r;n<
e9p:o"9en> <ener8>;on eF=:@s;De:" ?ro9 ;n;D;@8: !ene?;=;8r"
s=Be9es ?or SC/ST @ner S>re89 I o? SGRY%
*)
,$e primary o@Becti4e of S8R9 is to pro4ide additional 'age employment in all
t$e r%ral areas- Accordingly t$e indi4id%al @eneficiary sc$eme of 22-5 percent
f%nd allocation %nder stream " also generates employment for t$e r%ral poor as
a part of t$e 9oBana-
Nagaland is t$e only state '$ere employment generation %nder S8R9 Stream "
'as cent percent for t$e S,- ,$is is in 4ie' of t$e fact t$at t$e state $as almost
+0 percent S, pop%lation-
oases
*2
oases
*;
oases
5ercenta:e S)are o" E%plo&%ent 6enerated "or SC under Strea% -
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
$a8ast#an '6 5B A6 ;arnata3a T: Bi#ar AAA C:9CA
States
2002-03 2003-4
5 e r
c e n
t a :
e
4 a l
u e
**
CHAPTER 5
SC+EME IMPLEMENTATION AND ROLE OF
PRIs
SELECTION OF BENEFICIARIES
As stated in t$e g%idelines of t$e S8R9! t$e target gro%p of t$e indi4id%al
@eneficiary sc$eme s$o%ld co4er only t$e B5 Sc$ed%led 6astes and Sc$ed%led
,ri@e r%ral poor-
,$e criterion of selection of @eneficiaries from t$e B5 S6DS, 'as strictly
ad$ered to in all t$e ;0 districts across t$e selected states-
,$e @eneficiary oriented programs %nder stream " of t$e S8R9 are
implemented @y @ot$ district and @locA- According to t$e g%idelines of S8R9
sc$eme! 22-5 percent of t$e S8R9 f%nds are to @e %tilised for t$e creation of
assets for indi4id%al @eneficiaries and to @e implemented @y t$e district and
@locA agencies- 7o'e4er!
According to t$e 8%idelines of S8R9 sc$eme Stream0" is to @e implemented @y
t$e <5 and "5! 'it$ t$e f%nds distri@%ted in t$e ratio of *00.0 @et'een <5 and
"5-
7o'e4er in Nagaland! all t$e f%nds of Stream " and Stream "" are released
to 4illages directly-
"n Stream " t$ere are no separate allocations from (R(A and "5 for "ndi4id%al
@eneficiaries- "t is gi4en as single allocation and is implemented @y t$e Village
directly- ,$e (R(A and BlocA (e4elopment Office $a4e no role in
implementation and t$ey confine t$eir role to allocation and dis@%rsement of
f%nds @esides monitoring-
"n all t$e e2amined districts across all )* states (e2cept Nagaland)! t$e f%nds
are dis@%rsed for asset creation or 'orAs for S6DS, indi4id%al @eneficiaries!
to <5D"5 on t$e @asis of B5 and S6DS, pop%lation-
7o'e4er! according to t$e respondents at @locA le4el! in some of t$e cases t$ere
is political interference also-
BANK ACCOUNT
"n all t$e selected states! separate acco%nt for S8R9 is maintained at district!
@locA and 4illage le4els separately-
oases
*5
7o'e4er since t$ere is no separate release of f%nds for "ndi4id%al
@eneficiary programs for S6DS, (22-5 percent s$are of stream ")! t$ere is no
separate acco%nt for t$is component-
ANNUAL ACTION PLAN
Almost *5 percent of t$e s%r4eyed intermediate panc$ayats reported t$at t$e
'orAs Dassets for indi4id%al @eneficiaries programs are identified in t$e Ann%al
Action 5lan-
T8!:e 0%&# Asse>s /4orAs >8Aen @p !" IP 8s per AAP
Stats Assts'1#"ks as $" AAP (5) N#t as $" AAP (5)
$a8ast#an 83.3 16.7
?#ar3#an" 50.0 50.0
Orissa 100.0
C##attisgar# 40 60.0
16 100.0
2!8arat 25.0 75.0
1a#aras#tra 83.3 16.7
:agalan" 71.4
$a8ast#an 66.7 16.7
'6 33.3 33.3
5est Bengal 33.3 66.7
A6 57.1 42.9
;arnata3a 33.3 66.7
Ta/il :a"! 100.0
Bi#ar 83.3 16.7
Total 44.9 55.
INVOLVEMENT OF BENEFICIARIES IN SELECTION
OF ASSETS
All t$e s%r4eyed intermediate panc$ayats! e2cept Nagaland (since no indi4id%al
@eneficiary $as @een @enefited)! reported t$at t$e @eneficiaries are in4ol4ed in
t$e process of t$eir selection for t$e @enefit-
,$e same iss%e 'as also raised 'it$ t$e @eneficiaries-
//-+ percent of t$e @eneficiaries affirmed t$at t$e selection of assets %nder t$e
"B sc$eme 'as of t$eir c$oice-
Only )+-. percent @eneficiaries from M5 and *1-1+ percent from >arnataAa
stated t$at t$e assets 'ere selected as per t$eir c$oice-
oases
*.
T8!:e 0%(# CBo;=e o? Asse>s
States Bene*'c'ar) c-o'ce .**'c'als/ c-o'ce $otal
No. 5 No. ,
S( S(A(ES
$a8ast#an 360 100 0 0 360
?#ar3#an" 296 92.5 24 7.5 320
Orissa 309 85.83 51 14.2 360
C##attisgar# 341 94.72 19 5.28 360
16 59 19.6 242 80.4 301
2!8arat 315 87.5 45 12.5 360
1a#aras#tra 252 90 28 10 280
:agalan"
SC S(A(ES
$a8ast#an 338 93.89 22 6.11 360
'6 237 69.71 103 30.3 340
5est Bengal 331 91.94 29 8.06 360
A6 224 62.22 136 37.8 360
;arnata3a 176 48.89 184 51.1 360
Ta/il :a"! 215 59.72 145 40.3 360
Bi#ar 317 88.06 43 11.9 360
Total 377! 77.88 !7 22. 484

oases
*/
CHAPTER 6
ASSETS CREATED
,$e @road o%tline and o@Becti4es of t$e S8R9 sc$eme encompasses special
safeg%ards for t$e 'eaAer sections of t$e society i-e- S6DS,- :nder Stream " of
t$e sc$eme! economic assets and assets for impro4ing t$e E%ality of life are to
@e taAen %p for t$e @enefit of identified indi4id%als @elonging to S6DS,
category-
TYPES OF ASSETS
,$e economic assets and 'orAs liAe de4elopment of allotted land in t$e case of
allottees of ceiling s%rpl%s land! B$oodaan land and go4ernment land! social
forestry 'orAs! s%c$ as f%el 'ood and fodder plantations on pri4ate lands
@elonging to S6DS,! agri0$ortic%lt%re! floric%lt%re! $ortic%lt%re plantation on
pri4ate lands @elonging to B5 S6DS,! 'orA s$eds or infrastr%ct%re for any self0
employment program! open irrigation 'ellsD@ore'ells for irrigation! pond
e2ca4ationDre0e2ca4ation 'it$ primary s%pport for piscic%lt%re and ot$er
s%staina@le income generation assets can @e taAen %p as per t$e g%idelines of
t$e sc$eme- "n addition to t$ese economic assets! d'elling %nits! $o%se!
sanitary latrines and smoAeless c$%ll$as co%ld also @e taAen %p for impro4ing
t$e E%ality of life- 7o'e4er emp$asis 'as on t$e economic assets and ot$er
assets are to @e considered %nder special circ%mstances-
A 'ide 4ariation as regards to t$e selection of assetsD'orAs 'as o@ser4ed across
t$e selected states-
&.1( !ene?;=;8r;es ('1%'- per=en>) 8=G@;re non5e=ono9;=
8sse>s ;%e% Ce::;n< @n;>s* s8n;>8r" :8>r;nes* e>=%
/& !ene?;=;8r;es (3%20 per=en>) ; no> 8=G@;re 8n" ;n;D;@8:
e=ono9;= 8sse> (>Be" Cere ;nDo:De ;n =re8>;on o? =o99@n;>"
8sse>s)%
TBe re98;n;n< '3'2 (1(%.1 per=en>) Cere >Be !ene?;=;8r;es o?
>Be e=ono9;= 8sse>s%
Alt$o%g$ as per t$e State and district a%t$orities t$e assets and 'orAs 'ere
need @ased! firm ad$erence to t$e sc$eme g%idelines 'as lacAing in some
districts of Orissa! 8%Barat! Ma$aras$tra! :ttar 5rades$! etc-
:nder t$e indi4id%al @eneficiary sc$eme! assets $a4e @een created on common
land (Orissa)! social forestry 'orAs are done on common lands (Ma$aras$tra)!
etc-
oases
*1
oases
T&pes o" Assets
Assets 4or
i/pro%ing t#e D!alit0
o4 li4e
36.4 +
Cnco/e
2enerating
Assets
62.8 +
Assets 4or
t#e co//!nit0
0.8 +
*+
T8!:e 1%&# T"pes o? Asse>s Cre8>e
S( S(A(ES
S
*
Stats 79. #&
all#tt, lan,<
2h##,an'G#
9t. lan,
S#)%al
&#"st".
=#"ks #n
$9t. lan,s
A-"%-h#"t%
)/lt/"<
&l#"%)/lt/"
$lantat%#ns #n
$9t. lan,
1#"k-sh,s #"
%n&"ast"/)t/"
&#" sl& 4$.
P"#-.
O$n
%""%-at%#n
=lls'
2#"=lls
P#n,
;)a9at%#n '
s/$$#"t &#"
$%s)% )/lt/"
Oth"
S/sta%na6l
%n)#4
-n"at%n-
asst
7=ll%n-
0n%ts
San%ta".
lat"%ns<
s4#klss
)h/llhaas
Assts #th"
than
In,%9%,/al
6n&%ts
1 $a8ast#an - - - - - - - 360
,100+.
- -
2 ?#ar3#an" - - 1
,0.31+.
46
,14.38+.
239
,74.69+.
20
,6.25+.
10
,3.13+.
- 3
,0.94+.
1
,0.31+.
3 Orissa 93
,25.83+.
- - - 34
,9.44+.
4
,1.11+.
- 228
,63.33+.
1
,0.28+.
4 C##attisgar# 55
,15.27+.
- 50
,13.89+.
- 5
,1.38+.
- 169
,46.94+.
- 80
,22.22+.
1
,0.28+.
5 16 247
,82.06+.
1
,0.33+.
17
,5.65+.
7
,2.33+.
29
,9.64+.
6 2!8arat - - 30
,8.33+.
- 180
,50+.
- 150
,41.67+.
- -
7 1a#aras#tra 67
,23.93+.
104
,37.14+.
- - 60
,21.43+.
8
,2.86+.
- 41
,14.64+.
-
8 :agalan" - - - - - - - - - -
A Total ST 4+2
/9.74%0
!5
/4.49%0
98
/4.9%0
4+
/.97%0
58
/22.3%0
32
/.37%0
329
/4.!5%0
+3+
/27.7%0
84
/3.59%0
3
/.32%0
SC S(A(ES
oases
50
Stats 79. #&
all#tt, lan,<
2h##,an'
G#9t. lan,
S#)%al
&#"st".
=#"ks #n
$9t. lan,s
A-"%-h#"t%
)/lt/"<
&l#"%)/lt/"
$lantat%#ns #n
$9t. lan,
1#"k-sh,s #"
%n&"ast"/)t/"
&#" sl& 4$.
$"#-.
O$n
%""%-at%#n
=lls'
2#"=lls
P#n,
;)a9at%#n
' s/$$#"t
&#" $%s)%
)/lt/"
S/sta%na6l
%n)#4
-n"at%n-
asst
7=ll%n-
0n%ts
San%ta".
lat"%ns<
s4#klss
)h/llhaas
Assts
#th" than
In,%9%,/al
6n&%ts
9
$a8ast#an 360
,100+.
10
'6 99
,29.12+.
16
,6.67+.
64
,18.82+.
65
,18.84+.
95
,27.94+.
1
,0.29+.
11
5B 36
,10+.
3
,0.83+.
22
,6.11+.
78
,21.67+.
23
,6.39+.
129
,35.83+.
30
,8.33+.
39
,10.83+.
12
A6 233
,64.7+.
17
,4.72+
1
,0.28+.
58
,16.2+.
50
,13.89+.
1
,0.28+.
13
;arnata3a 315
,87.50+.
13
,3.61+.
1
,0.28+.
23
,6.38+.
8
,2.22+.
14
T: 20
,5.56+.
252
,70+.
88
,24.44+.
15
Bi#ar 3
,0.83+.
135
,37.5+
168
,46.66+.
13
,3.61+.
2
,0.56+.
4
,1.11+.
35
,9.72+.
1 Total SC 587
/23.48%0
3
/!.2%0
57
/+.28%0
395
/5.8%0
53
/2.2%0
253
/!.2%0
7+2
/3!.48%0
28!
/.2%0
!
/!.4%0
Total /A;10 !49
/2.+7%0
!8
/2.23%0
98
/2.!2%0
2!3
/4.9%0
93
/8.8+%0
85
/.7+%0
582
/2.!2%0
398
/28.88%0
3+4
/7.52%0
4
/!.85%0
oases
5)
oases
52
oases
T&pes o" Assets Created in SC ,o%inated States
Agri#orti c!lt!re@ 4loric!lt!re
plantations on p%t. lan"@ 0
Social 4orestr0 7or3s on p%t.
lan"s@ 0.12
9e%elop/ent o4 allotte"
lan"@ B#oo"an(2o%t. lan"@
23.48
Assets ot#er t#an Cn"i%i"!al
&ene4its@ 0.4
Sanitar0 latrines@
s/o3eless c#!ll#aas@ 11.2
97elling 'nits@ 30.48
5or3s#e"s or in4rastr!ct!re
4or sel4 e/p. 6rog.@ 6.28
Open irrigation 7ells(
Bore7ells@ 15.8
6on" e*ca%ation( s!pport
4or pisci c!lt!re@ 2.12
S!staina&le inco/e
generating asset@ 10.12
5;
#rom t$e list of assets to @e created and 'orAs to @e taAen %p %nder t$e
Beneficiary oriented programs for S6 and S,! gi4en in t$e g%idelines of t$e
S8R9!
Ma2im%m n%m@er of t$e @eneficiaries (21-11 percent) got d'elling %nits
%nder t$e sc$eme follo'ed @y I(e4elopment of landH (2)-./ percent)-
:nder de4elopment of land 'orAs 'ere to @e done on pri4ate lands or
B$oodaan lands of t$e indi4id%al @eneficiaries- B%t @eneficiaries 'ere gi4en
t$is sc$eme %nder t$is asset creation and de4elopment of land 'as act%ally
done on common land in states liAe Ma$aras$tra! Orissa! and 8%Barat-
No asset %nder agri0$ortic%lt%re! floric%lt%re and $ortic%lt%re plantation on
pri4ate lands @elonging to B5 S6DS, 'as pro4ided to any of t$e se4en
selected S6 dominated states-
=est Bengal fig%res for 4ario%s types of assets pro4ided s$o' 4ery enco%raging
res%lts- "n fact!
4es> Ben<8: ;s >Be on:" s>8>e CBere 9ore >B8n 23 per=en> o?
>Be !ene?;=;8r;es o? >Be s=Be9e Cere proD;e e=ono9;=
8sse>s%
Of t$e total @eneficiaries in =est Bengal! ;5-1; percent @eneficiaries recei4ed
assets for s%staina@le income generating assets liAe ricAs$a' 4ans! cycle
ricAs$a's! se'ing mac$ines and dairy cattle-
OT+ER SUSTAINABLE INCOME GENERATING
ASSETS
Among t$e 4ario%s types of assets created across all t$e states! a@o%t )2 percent
'ere in t$e category of ot$er s%staina@le income generating assets- Assets in
t$e category of ot$er s%staina@le income generating assets 'ere f%rt$er
e2plored- "t 'as disco4ered t$at!
)1-1/ percent of t$e assets sanctioned are li4estocA and farm animals liAe
goat and @%ffalo-
).-+1 percent of t$e total sample assets 'ere s$eds for farm animals-
Ot$er 4ery pop%lar assets sanctioned %nder ot$er s%staina@le income
generating asset category are t$e cycle ricAs$a'04ans ().-0* percent)!
ricAs$a'04an ();-2) percent) and freig$t ricAs$a's ()2-2. percent)- ,$ese
assets 'ere sanctioned in =est Bengal-
oases
5*
,$e ot$er assets in t$e category of s%staina@le income generating assets are liAe
se'ing mac$ines! petty s$ops! @asAet maAing %nits! @ricA0maAing %nits and
4egeta@le 4ending %nits-
oases
55
T8!:e 1%(# O>Ber s@s>8;n8!:e In=o9e Gener8>;n< Asse>s
$)pes o* .t-er S"sta'na0le 1ncoe 2enerat'n# Assets Percenta#e Val"e
ar/ ani/als 18.87
rig#t ric3s#a7-%an 12.26
$ic3s#a7 %an 13.21
Se7ing /ac#ine 6.60
C0cle ric3s#a7 %an 16.04
Bric3-/a3ing !nits 8.49
6ett0 s#ops 0.94
=egeta&le %en"ing !nit 0.94
Bas3et /a3ing !nit 0.94
:0lon net 0.94
Cattle s#e" 16.98
S!&/ersi&le(electrical p!/p 3.77
Total !!
VALUE OF ASSETS CREATED
As many as *+-; percent of t$e total @eneficiaries co%ld not state t$e 4al%e of
t$e asset t$ey recei4ed-
)0-* percent @eneficiaries stated t$at t$e 4al%e of t$eir assets 'as @et'een
Rs-200)05000-
)5 percent of t$e assets for de4elopment of land 4al%ed @et'een Rs-200000
50000-
22-. percent of t$e assets liAe 'orA s$edsDinfrastr%ct%re for self
employment program 'ere of t$e $ig$est 4al%e @et'een Rs-5000)0)00000-
,$e 4al%e of 'orAs for non0economic asset d'elling %nitsD%pgradation of
$o%ses 4aried from Rs-)000 to more t$an Rs-50000- 7o'e4er! sanitary
latrines ();-) percent) 'ere of t$e lo'est 4al%e %p to Rs-)000-
MaBor reasons for $ig$ 4al%e of t$e assets areJ
6onstr%ction of comm%nity assets instead of pro4iding assets to t$e
indi4id%al @eneficiaries %nder t$e program-
,$e @eneficiaries $a4e in4ested money from t$eir o'n so%rces in non0
economic assets liAe d'elling %nitsD%pgradation of $o%ses-
oases
5.
T8!:e 1%'# V8:@e 8n T"pe o? Asse>s Cre8>e
(Beneficiary responses)
(.$s #& assts N# "s$#ns 8-8000 8008-2000 2008->000
>008-
80000
80008-
8>000
8>008-
20000
20008-
>0000
>0008-
800000
a6#9
800000
9e%. o4 allotte" lan"@
B#oo"an(2o%t. lan"
53.8+ 7.1+ 6.5+ 2.4+ 8.8+ 0.6+ 2.5+ 15.0+ 3.4+ 0.1+
Social 4orestr0 7or3s
on p%t. lan"s
3.7+ 3.7+ 5.6+ 18.5+ 30.6+ 21.3+ 16.7+
Agri-#orti c!lt!re@
4loric!lt!re plantations
on p%t. lan"
21.4+ 5.1+ 51.0+ 1.0+ 21.4+
5or3-s#e"s or
in4rastr!ct!re 4or sel4
e/p. prog.
63.0+ 3.0+ 1.1+ 2.3+ 1.5+ 0.4+ 6.0+ 22.6+
Open irrigation 7ells(
Bore7ells
57.5+ 0.3+ 3.0+ 21.6+ 4.0+ 3.3+ 0.6+ 3.6+ 6.0+ 0.1+
6on" e*ca%ation(
s!pport 4or pisci
c!lt!re
56.5+ 9.4+ 1.2+ 18.8+ 1.2+ 9.4+ 3.5+
S!staina&le inco/e
generating asset
14.6+ 2.1+ 32.3+ 20.3+ 4.1+ 25.4+ 1.2+
97elling 'nits 67.0+ 0.5+ 0.2+ 0.3+ 1.1+ 0.2+ 22.0+ 8.5+ 0.2+
Sanitar0 latrines@
s/o3eless c#!ll#as
27.8+ 13.1+ 25.0+ 27.8+ 5.3+ 0.3+ 0.6+
Assets ot#er t#an
Cn"i%i"!al &ene4itsB
3.4+ 71.2+ 13.6+ 11.9+
TOTAA 49.3+ 3.1+ 7.7+ 10.4+ 4.4+ 5.4+ 6.9+ 8.9+ 3.6+ .3+
M ,$ese 'ere t$e comm%nity assets (not as per t$e g%idelines)
oases
5/
T8!:e 1%/# S>8>e5C;se V8:@e o? Asse>s Cre8>e
(Beneficiary responses)
Stats 7#n?t kn#= 0$ t# 8000 8008-2000 2008->000 >008-
80000
80008-
8>000
8>008-
20000
20008-
>0000
>0008-
800000
a6#9
800000
ST STATES
$a8ast#an 100.0+
?#ar3#an" 80.6+ 0.3+ 0.6+ 16.6+ 1.9+
Orissa 0.3+ 0.3+ 24.2+ 8.9+ 62.2+ 4.2+
C##attisgar# 0.3+ 18.1+ 61.1+ 20.0+ 0.3+ 0.3+
16 47.5+ 0.3+ 4.3+ 0.3+ 4.0+ 33.6+ 9.6+ 0.3+
2!8arat 1.1+ 1.7+ 5.6+ 44.4+ 0.8+ 46.4+
1a#aras#tra 11.4+ 1.4+ 2.1+ 7.1+ 14.3+ 19.6+ 25.4+ 18.6+
:agalan"
SC STATES
$a8ast#an 94.4+ 0.3+ 0.6+ 2.5+ 1.9+ 0.3+
'6 63.5+ 2.4+ 23.5+ 7.9+ 2.1+ 0.3+ 0.3+
5B 10.0+ 16.1+ 19.7+ 35.6+ 12.2+ 3.6+ 1.4+ 1.1+ 0.3+
A6 64.7+ 1.9+ 13.6+ 11.7+ 5.0+ 1.1+ 0.6+ 1.4+
;arnata3a 91.7+ 3.6+ 0.3+ 0.6+ 2.5+ 1.1+ 0.3+
T: 20.8+ 1.9+ 5.0+ 47.2+ 21.1+ 3.9+
Bi#ar 100.0+
T(TA2 49.3% 3.% 7.7% !.4% 4.4% 5.4% +.9% 8.9% 3.+% !.3%
oases
51
Respondents of Bi$ar and RaBast$an (S,) did not respond '$en asAed a@o%t
t$e 4al%e of t$e assets-
MaBority of t$e assets pro4ided in ,amil Nad% 'ere of t$e $ig$est 4al%e
ranging from Rs 20000 to more t$an Rs-)00000- ,$ese assets 'ere t$e
gro%p $o%ses gi4en to t$e @eneficiaries-
25-* percent and )1-. percent of t$e @eneficiaries in Ma$aras$tra recei4ed
assets of 4al%e @et'een Rs-20000 to 50000 and Rs-5000) to )00000
respecti4ely-
Ma2im%m assets of t$e lo'est 4al%e of %p to Rs-)000 'ere sanctioned in
6$$attisgar$ ()1-) percent) and =est Bengal ().-) percent)
,$e st%dy o@ser4ed t$at of t$e total @eneficiaries! '$o co%ld state t$e 4al%e of
t$e asset pro4ided to t$em! 20-5 percent (ma2im%m) reported t$e 4al%e of t$eir
assets @et'een Rs-2000 to 5000- More t$an $alf of t$ese assets 'ere agri0
$ortic%lt%re plantations-
P+YSICAL VERIFICATION OF ASSETS
,$e assets created t$ro%g$ t$e "ndi4id%al Beneficiary Sc$eme f%nds 'ere also
4erified for its E%ality! d%ra@ility %sef%lness and s%staina@ility-
Assets %nder t$e indi4id%al assets earmarAed for "ndi4id%al Beneficiary
Sc$emes of S6DS, 'ere selected for e4al%ation t$ro%g$ random sampling- ,$e
assets 'ere e4al%ated @ased on t$e responses gi4en @y t$e &%nior Engineers or
Sarpanc$DSecretary and in4estigators o@ser4ation for eac$ asset separately-
T8!:e 1%0# N@9!er o? Asse>s Ver;?;e
$)pes o* Assets No. o* Assets Percenta#e
Cn". Ben. Assets 1210 72.24
Co//!nit0 assets 467 27.76
Total %eri4ie" assets 1677 100
"n all t$e st%dy states! ).// assets 'ere p$ysically 4erified- ,$ese assets also
incl%ded some comm%nity assets along 'it$ t$e indi4id%al @eneficiary asset-
"n Nagaland all t$e )20 assets 'ere t$e comm%nity assets-
,$ere are no indi4id%al @eneficiaries at all %nder S8R9 in t$e entire Nagaland-
,$e c%stomary la' of Nagaland %p$olds t$e comm%nity as a '$ole and all t$e
@enefits recei4ed are %tilised for t$e entire 4illage and not for any single
indi4id%al- ,$e assets are created @y t$e comm%nity and for t$e comm%nity-
,$e "ndi4id%al Beneficiary f%nds (22-5 percent) are merged 'it$ t$e rest of //-5
percent of Stream " f%nd and treated as a single allocation- "n t$is @acAgro%nd!
t$e samples of @eneficiary sc$ed%les and non0@eneficiary sc$ed%les co%ld not
@e co4ered in Nagaland- Ot$er states $o'e4er $a4e a mi2 of @ot$-
oases
5+
C:8ss;?;=8>;on o? Asse>s
Attempts 'ere made to classify t$e assets 4erified @ased on t$e type of assets
listed in t$e g%idelines (page +) of t$e S8R9 5rogramme- Of t$e )./. assets!
)01 (.-* per cent) 'ere related to land de4elopment! */ (2-1 per cent) 'ere
social forestry 'orAs! *) (2-* per cent) 'ere agri0$ortic%lt%re! ;/ (2-2 per cent)
'ere 'orA s$eds or infrastr%ct%re for self employment programme! 21) ().-1
per cent) 'ere 'ells D @ore 'ells! +* (5-. per cent) 'ere pond e2ca4ation D re0
e2ca4ation! )+0 ())-; per cent) 'ere ot$er income generating acti4ities! ;.0
(2)-5 per cent) 'ere d'elling %nits! *0 (2-* per cent) 'ere sanitary latrines and
t$e remaining **+ (2.-1 per cent) 'ere ot$er Aind of assets liAe roads!
drainages! c%l4erts! 58 sto4es! etc- Remaining 2+ assets co%ld not @e classified
as t$ey 'ere not clearly named- #ollo'ing ta@le feat%res t$is information-
T8!:e 1%1# Asse> C:8ss;?;=8>;on
S * T&pe o" Asset *u%<er o" Assets 5ercent
1 Aan" 9e%elop/ent 108 6.4
2 Social orestr0 47 2.8
3 Agri-#ortic!lt!re 41 2.4
4 5or3 S#e"s 37 2.2
5 5ells ( Bore 5ells 281 16.8
6 6on" )*ca%ation ( $e-e*ca%ation 94 5.6
7 Ot#er S!staina&le Cnco/e 2enerating
Assets
190 11.3
8 97elling 'nits 360 21.5
9 Sanitar0 Aatrines 40 2.4
10 Ot#ers 449 26.8
11 :ot :a/e" 29 1.7
Total 1677 100.0
Verified assets 'ere f%rt$er classified into prod%cti4e and non prod%cti4e @y
t$e researc$ team- MaBority of t$e assets! )51/ acco%nting for +*-. per cent of
t$e total! 'ere fo%nd to @e prod%cti4e- Si2ty0one assets (;-. per cent) 'ere
fo%nd to @e non prod%cti4e! '$ile 2+ co%ld not @e classified-
oases
.0
C@rren> S>8>@s o? Asse>s
,$e st%dy re4ealed t$at more t$an 10 percent of t$e assets 'ere in %se-
T8!:e 1%.# C@rren> S>8>@s o? Asse>s Ver;?;e (;n 6)
Stat"s 1n!. Ben. Assets Co"n't) Assets $otal
Co/plete" an" in 'se 75.3 93.8 80.5
Co/plete" &!t not in !se 8.2 1.3 6.3
Ongoing 10.2 5.0 8.7
A&an"one" 6.3 0 4.5
A@o%t 1-/ percent assets 'ere @eing createdDconstr%cted @%t *-5 percent 'ere
a@andoned- .-; percent of t$e assets 'ere completed @%t not in %se-
Asse>s 8s per Ann@8: A=>;on P:8n
"n all 10-1 percent of t$e assets 'ere as part of t$e Ann%al Action 5lan- +*-.
percent of t$e comm%nity assets %ndertaAen from t$e indi4id%al @eneficiary
sc$eme f%nds 'ere as part of t$e Ann%al Action 5lan-
T8!:e 1%2# Asse>s 8s per Ann@8: A=>;on P:8n (;n 6)
AAP 1n!. Ben. Assets Co"n't) Assets $otal
Assets part o4 AA6 75.5 94.6 80.8
Assets not a part o4 AA6 12.9 5.2 10.7
:ot a7are 11.6 0.2 8.4
oases
.)
Cons>r@=>;on o? Asse>s
No contractors are permitted to @e engaged for e2ec%tion of any 'orAs and no
intermediate agencies employed for e2ec%ting 'orAs %nder S8R9- ,$is is
@eca%se t$e f%ll @enefit in terms of 'ages to @e paid s$o%ld at all times reac$
t$e 'orAersD@eneficiaries- ,$e comm%nity assets %nder S8R9 are %ndertaAen
@y t$e implementing agency or t$e panc$ayats t$emsel4es-
More t$an /5 percent of t$e comm%nity assets 'ere constr%cted @y t$e
implementing agency-
T8!:e 1%-# Cons>r@=>;on o? Asse>s (;n 6)
Assets Constr"ct'on 1n!. Ben. Assets Co"n't) Assets $otal
B0 &ene4iciaries t#e/sel%es 51.3 8.7 41.1
C/ple/enting agenc0 21.9 75.3 34.7
Contractor 13.2 16.0 13.9
Ot#ers 13.6 0 10.4
Only 50 percent of t$e indi4id%al assets 'ere constr%cted or created @y t$e
@eneficiaries t$emsel4es-
L8!o@r E9p:o"e
1;-1 percent of t$e la@o%r employed in creation of assets 'as local la@o%r-
T8!:e 1%&3# L8!o@r E9p:o"e ;n Cons>r@=>;on o? Asse>s (;n 6)
3ocal't) 1n!. Ben. Assets Co"n't) Assets $otal
Sa/e localit0(neig#&o!r#oo" 82.0 88.8 83.8
ar-o44 localit0 18.0 11.2 16.2
).-2 percent of t$e la@o%r 'as not from t$e locality-
T8!:e 1%&&# Re8sons ?or O@>s;e L8!o@r (;n 6)
Reason 1n!. Ben. Assets Co"n't) Assets $otal
Aocal la&o!r !na%aila&le 11.4 0.9 8.5
Aocal la&o!r not 7illing to 7or3 13.8 0 10.0
5ages too little 2.2 0.4 1.7
Ot#er reasons 28.3 34.6 30.1
,$e reasons for t$e la@o%r from far off locality 'ere t$at eit$er t$e local la@o%r
'as not 'illing to 'orA! or 'ages 'ere too little for local la@o%r! etc-
Use o? LoC5=os> M8>er;8:
=$ile t$ere is no ceiling on t$e cost of 'orAs to @e taAen %p! efforts s$o%ld @e
made to %se local material for lo' cost-
oases
.2
T8!:e 1%&(# Use o? LoC Cos> M8>er;8:s (;n 6)
3o%-cost 4ater'al 1n!. Ben. Assets Co"n't) Assets $otal
Ao7 cost /aterials !se" 21.4 1.2 16.3
Ao7 cost /aterials not !se" 62.5 90.4 69.5
:ot a7are 16.1 8.4 14.2
#or maBority of t$e 'orAs! almost /0 percent! locally a4aila@le lo' cost
materials for creation of t$e assets 'ere not %sed-
Use o? LoC5=os> Te=Bno:o<"
T8!:e 1%&'# Use o? LoC Cos> Te=Bno:o<" (;n 6)
3o%-cost $ec-nolo#) 1n!. Ben. Assets Co"n't) Assets $otal
Ao7 cost tec#nolog0 !se" 29.2 10.1 24.4
Ao7 cost tec#nolog0 not !se" 51.8 80.6 59.1
:ot a7are 19.0 9.3 16.5
Again as per t$e responses gi4en @y t$e &%nior Engineer! or sarpanc$ or
secretary of t$e 4illage! as many as 5+ percent of t$e assets created did not
in4ol4e lo' cost tec$nology-
Q@8:;>" o? Asse>s
T8!:e 1%&/# Q@8:;>" o? Asse>s Cre8>e (;n 6)
5"al't) o* Assets
Accor!'n# to 67 responses 1n(est'#ator/s .0ser(at'on
In,. 2n.
Assts
C#44/n%t.
assts
(#tal In,. 2n.
Assts
C#44/n%t.
Assts
(#tal
2oo" 45.2 48.9 46.3 38.9 45.8 40.8
Satis4actor0 46.2 50.4 47.4 49.7 52.9 50.6
6oor 8.6 0.6 6.3 11.4 1.3 8.6
According to t$e &%nior Engineer!
A@o%t +* percent of t$e assets created 'ere of good or satisfactory E%ality-
7o'e4er! .-; percent assets 'ere not of good E%ality
As per t$e in4estigators o@ser4ation!
A@o%t +2 percent of t$e assets 'ere eit$er of good E%ality or satisfactory-
,$ere is not m%c$ 4ariation among t$e &EHs and in4estigatorHs opinion-
oases
.;
U>;:;>" o? Asse>s
T8!:e 1%&0# U>;:;>" o? Asse>s Cre8>e (;n 6)
8t'l't) o* Assets Accor!'n# to 67 Responses 1n(est'#ator/s .0ser(at'on
In,. 2n.
Assts
C#44/n%t.
Assts
(#tal In,. 2n.
Assts
C#44/n%t.
Assts
(#tal
!ll0 70.8 88.4 75.7 63.2 86.5 69.8
6artiall0 16.8 10.3 15.0 23.0 11.8 19.8
:ot at all 12.4 1.3 9.3 13.8 1.7 10.4
Only a@o%t nine to ten percent of t$e assets did not $a4e any %tility- ,$is 'as
@eca%se t$ese assets 'ere eit$er incomplete or 'ere of poor E%ality-
S@s>8;n8!;:;>" o? Asse>s
T8!:e 1%&1# S@s>8;n8!;:;>" o? Asse>s Cre8>e (;n 6)
'tilit0 o4 assets Cn". Ben. Assets Co//!nit0 Assets Total
S!staina&le 59.9 80.1 65.3
:ot s!staina&le 17.3 7.3 14.6
S!staina&le to so/e e*tent 22.8 12.6 20.1
According to t$e in4estigators! a@o%t .0 percent of t$e indi4id%al @eneficiary
assets and 10 percent of t$e comm%nity assets created 'ere s%staina@le-
oases
.*
CHAPTER 7
IMPACT OF T+E PROGRAM
IMPACT ON EMPLOYMENT AND INCOME
S8R9 gi4es t$r%st to employment and infrastr%ct%re de4elopment- ,$e sc$eme
is implemented 'it$ t$e primary o@Becti4e of pro4iding additional 'age
employment in all r%ral areas! and secondary o@Becti4e of t$e sc$eme incl%des
creation of d%ra@le comm%nity! social and economic assets and infrastr%ct%re
de4elopment in r%ral areas-
,$e sc$eme $as special safeg%ards for t$e 'eaAer sections of t$e comm%nity
i-e- t$e Sc$ed%led 6astes and t$e Sc$ed%led ,ri@es- Reso%rces are earmarAed
%nder @ot$ t$e streams for taAing %p acti4ities e2cl%si4ely for S6DS, families
and comm%nities- :nder t$e #irst Stream of S8R9! 22-5 percent of t$e
reso%rces are earmarAed e2cl%si4ely for t$e "ndi4id%al Beneficiary Oriented
5rograms for S6DS,s for pro4iding economic and social assets! and for
de4elopmental 'orAs on indi4id%al lands of S6DS, families- 7o'e4er! priority
$as to @e gi4en to pro4ide economic assets to indi4id%al @eneficiaries for
s%staina@le employment-
SUSTAINABLE INCREASE IN EMPLOYMENT
,$e sc$eme 4is%aliCes a s%staina@le increase in employment of t$e r%ral poor
S6DS, @eneficiaries t$ro%g$ economic assets created %nder t$e indi4id%al
@eneficiary oriented sc$eme- Alarmingly! only
0&3 o? >Be >o>8: /2/& s89p:e !ene?;=;8r;es repor>e s@s>8;n8!:e
;n=re8se ;n e9p:o"9en> 8s 8n o@>=o9e o? >Be s=Be9e / 8sse>
=re8>e%
On:" &3%0/ per=en> o? >Be s89p:e SC/ST s=Be9e !ene?;=;8r;es B8
s@s>8;n8!:e ;n=re8se ;n e9p:o"9en> ?ro9 >Be 8sse> =re8>e @ner
>Be s=Be9e%
One of t$e reasons for t$is 4ery lo' increase in income is t$e types of assets
created- Of t$e total assets created! almost 2+ percent 'ere t$e d'elling %nits
and almost 1 percent 'ere sanitary latrines and smoAeless c$%ll$as- A:: >Bese
8sse>s 8re >Be 8sse>s ?or ;9proD;n< >Be G@8:;>" o? :;?e 8n no>
e9p:o"9en> <ener8>;on-
oases
TBe In;D;@8: Bene?;=;8r" Or;en>e pro<r89 @ner SGRY C8s
e8r98rAe Rs%./-%./ =rore ;n (33(53' 8n Rs%.01%'. =rore ;n (33'53/%
.5
Sustaina<le -ncrease in E%plo&%ent
Cncrease
10.54+
:o Cncrease
89.46+
As per t$e sc$eme g%idelines! priority s$o%ld @e gi4en to pro4iding economic
assets to indi4id%al @eneficiaries for s%staina@le employment- Assets s%c$ as
d'elling %nits! sanitary latrines! smoAeless c$%ll$as! etc- may @e gi4en lesser
priority and s$o%ld @e considered %nder e2ceptional circ%mstances-
,$e st%dy re4eals t$at almost ;+ percent of t$e assets pro4ided %nder t$e
sc$eme 'ere assets t$at do not pro4ide s%staina@le employment-
Beneficiary respondents from states liAe RaBast$an (S,) and Mad$ya
5rades$ stated t$at t$ere 'as no s%staina@le increase in employment-
E$TENT OF INCREASE IN EMPLOYMENT
,$e )0-5* percent respondents! '$o $ad an increase in employment! 'ere
f%rt$er asAed to re4eal t$e e2tent of s%staina@le employment t$ey $a4e or t$ey
'o%ld ac$ie4e t$ro%g$ t$e acE%ired asset %nder t$e program-
,$e s%staina@le increase in employment days per year in 4ario%s states
%nder st%dy 'as 'ide0ranging from ;0 days per ann%m to all t$e year
ro%nd-
A negligi@le n%m@er of respondents $ad a 4ery little increase in s%staina@le
employment in states s%c$ as &$arA$and! Orissa! 6$$attisgar$! 8%Barat!
RaBast$an (S6)! And$ra 5rades$! >arnataAa and ,amil Nad%-
oases
..
T8!:e .%&# S>8>e5C;se EF>en> o? S@s>8;n8!:e In=re8se ;n E9p:o"9en>
@ 30 38-A0 A8-B0 B8-820
828-
8>0
8>8-8C0 DA4ths
N#
%n)"as
(#tal
6n.
1

$a8ast#an
360 360
100.0+ 100.0+

2
?#ar3#an"
2 318 320
0.6+ 99.4+ 100.0+
3 Orissa
3 357 360
0.8+ 99.2+ 100.0+
4 C##attisgar#
2 3 1 354 360
0.6+ 0.8+ 0.3+ 98.3+ 100.0+
5 16
300 300
100.0+ 100.0+
6 2!8arat
84 25 3 248 360
23.3+ 6.9+ 0.8+ 68.9+ 100.0+
7 1a#aras#tra
33 12 4 231 280
11.8+ 4.3+ 1.4+ 82.5+ 100.0+
8 :agalan"
0 0
9 $a8ast#an
4 10 346 360
1.1+ 2.8+ 96.1+ 100.0+
1
0
'6
7 4 1 1 327 340
2.1+ 1.2+ 0.3+ 0.3+ 96.2+ 100.0+
1
1
5est Bengal
34 40 18 31 14 21 60 142 360
9.4+ 11.1+ 5.0+ 8.6+ 3.9+ 5.8+ 16.7+ 39.4+ 100.0+
1
2
A6
14 4 342 360
3.9+ 1.1+ 95.0+ 100.0+
1
3
;arnata3a
1 359 360
0.3+ 99.7+ 100.0+
1
4
Ta/il :a"!
5 355 360
1.4+ 98.6+ 100.0+
1
5
Bi#ar
51 7 3 6 1 1 291 360
14.7+ 1.9+ 0.8+ 1.7+ 0.3+ 0.3+ 80.8+ 100.0+
Total
238 104 32 38 16 21 61 4331 4841
5.3+ 2.1+ 0.7+ 0.8+ 0.3+ 0.4+ 1.2+ 89.5+ 100+
5)0 @eneficiaries ()0-5* percent) of t$e total *1*)! from 4ario%s states!
claim to $a4e a s%staina@le increase in t$eir employment days in a year-
Of t$ese 5)0 @eneficiaries '$o $a4e gained s%staina@le increase in
employmentJ
oases
./
*.-/ percent (2;1 @eneficiaries) @enefited an increased s%staina@le
employment of %p to ;0 days-
Anot$er 20-;+ percent ()0* @eneficiaries) $a4e increased
employment of %p to .0 days in a year-
.) @eneficiaries claimed of $a4ing got s%staina@le employment for
more t$an si2 mont$s in a year d%e to t$e sc$eme-
None of t$e @eneficiaries from RaBast$an (S,) and Mad$ya 5rades$ stated
s%staina@le increase in employment- Beneficiaries from ot$er states $o'e4er
stated some increased employment-
In 4es> Ben<8:* 8:9os> 13%01 per=en> !ene?;=;8r" =:8;9 o?
s@s>8;n8!:e ;n=re8se e9p:o"9en> D8r";n< ?ro9 8 9on>B >o
ro@n >Be "e8r%
As per t$e g%idelines! t$e economic assetsD'orAs are to @e taAen %p for t$e
@enefit of identified indi4id%als @elonging to S6DS, '$ereas social assets for
oases
Extent o" increase in E%plo&%ent /in %anda&s0
31-60
20+
61-90
6+
91-120
7+
121-150
3+
151-180
4+
E6/t#s
12+
F 30
48+
.1
increasing E%ality of life may @e taAen %p only %nder e2ceptional
circ%mstances-
,$e data for t$e increase in employment of t$e indi4id%al @eneficiaries of t$e
sc$eme 'as f%rt$er analysed 'it$ t$e 4ario%s types of assets-
,$e st%dy re4ealed t$at!
&.1( !ene?;=;8r;es ('1%'- per=en>) 8=G@;re non5e=ono9;=
8sse>s ;%e% >Be Ce::;n< @n;>s* s8n;>8r" :8>r;nes e>=%
/& !ene?;=;8r;es (3%20 per=en>) ; no> 8=G@;re 8n" ;n;D;@8:
e=ono9;= 8sse>
On:" '3'2 (1(%.1 per=en>) Cere >Be !ene?;=;8r;es o? >Be
e=ono9;= 8sse>s%
"t is %nderstanda@le t$at t$e non0economic assets 'o%ld not yield any
s%staina@le increase in employment-
B%t some increased employment is e2pected from at least t$e 4ario%s economic
assets created %nder t$e sc$eme- E4en t$ese fig%res are not 4ery enco%raging-
,$is 'as sc$eme 'as tampered and mo%lded @y t$e States according to t$eir
o'n reE%irements! a totally distorted 4ersion of t$e sc$eme 'as percei4ed-
(ifferent states $a4e different reasons- =orAs done in t$e name of de4elopment
of land 'ere done on comm%nity or 4illage land t$at 'as common to all-
,$e follo'ing ta@le s$o's t$e employment gained from 4ario%s assets-
oases
.+
T8!:e .%(# T"pes o? Asse>s Ds% In=re8se ;n E9p:o"9en>
Ea"%#/s (.$s #& Assts
In)"as %n 4$l#.4nt (n#. #& ,a.s $" .a") N# %n)"as
@ 30 38-A0 A8-B0 B8-820 828-8>0 8>8-8C0 A6#9 8C0
1 9e%. o4 lan"@ etc.
0.2+ 0.1+ 0.1+
99.6+
2 Social 4orestr0@ etc.
0.9+ 1.9+
97.2+
3
Agri-#ortic!lt!re@ 4loric!lt!re@
etc 12.2+ 1.0+ 2.0+
84.7+
4
5or3s#e"s@ in4rastr!ct!re 4or
sel4 e/p. prog.@ etc 0.8+ 1.9+ 0.4+ 1.5+ 0.8+ 01.5+
93.2+
5
Open irrigation 7ells@
&ore7ells 4or irrigation 4.5+ 2.3+ 0.8+ 2.0+ 0.6+ 0.6+ 1.1+
88.2+
6
6on" e*ca%ation@ s!pport 4or
piscic!lt!re@ etc. 5.9+ 2.4+ 2.4+ 2.4+ 3.5+ 3.5+ 7.1+
72.9+
7
Ot#er s!staina&le inco/e
generating assets 12.7+ 7.4+ 1.4+ 1.5+ 0.3+ 1.9+ 6.5+
68.2+
8 97elling !nits@ #o!ses
0.5+ 0.9+
98.7+
9
Sanitar0 latrines@ s/o3e-less
c#!ll#as 0.3+ 0.3+
99.4+
10 Co//!nit0 7or3s(assetsB
4.2+
95.8+
11 :A
100+
Total
3.0+ 1.7+ 0.5+ 0.6+ 0.3+ 0.4+ 1.2+ 92.2+
M ,$ese 'orAsD assets are t$e comm%nity 'orAs and assets liAe c%l4erts! 66 roads! drains! etc-! for '$ic$ t$e f%nds of t$e
indi4id%al @eneficiary oriented sc$eme 'ere %tilised and @eneficiaries 'ere gi4en employment-
oases
/0
SUSTAINABLE INCREASE IN INCOME
,o maAe a dent on t$e pre4ailing po4erty and increase t$e pace of gro't$ in t$e
r%ral economy! S8R9 'as la%nc$ed 'it$ a greater t$r%st to pro4ide additional
employment and create infrastr%ct%re- ,$e "ndi4id%al Beneficiary oriented
5rograms %nder S8R90" offer economic assets to indi4id%al @eneficiaries for
s%staina@le employment! '$ic$ conseE%ently leads to s%staina@le increase in
income as 'ell-
&3%.2 per=en> o? >Be >o>8: !ene?;=;8r;es =on?;r9e o? ;n=re8se
;n ;n=o9e ?ro9 D8r;o@s 8sse>s%
A!o@> 2-%(( per=en> o? >Be >o>8: !ene?;=;8r;es B8 no ;n=re8se
;n ;n=o9e%
Beneficiaries reported increase in income from 4ario%s assets- ,$is increase
'as f%rt$er classified in income gro%ps for all t$e states-
An8:"s;s o? >"pes o? 8sse>s =re8>e ;n;=8>e >B8> '1%'- per=en>
8=G@;re non5e=ono9;= 8sse>s ;%e% >Be Ce::;n< @n;>s* s8n;>8r"
:8>r;nes e>=% 8n 3%20 per=en> ; no> 8=G@;re 8n" ;n;D;@8:
e=ono9;= 8sse> (>Bese <o> >Be !ene?;> o? =o99@n;>" 8sse>%
On:" 1(%.1 per=en> Cere >Be !ene?;=;8r;es o? >Be e=ono9;=
8sse>s%
#%rt$er analysis of t$e income of t$e @eneficiaries '$o recei4ed economic
generation re4eals t$at
O%t of t$e @eneficiaries '$o $ad acE%ired economic asset! only )5 percent
confirm of s%staina@le increase in income-
oases
-ncrease in -nco%e
10.78+
89.22+
Cncrease in Cnco/e :o Cncrease in Cnco/e
/)
E$TENT OF INCREASE IN INCOME
Of t$e )0-/1 percent of t$e total @eneficiaries '$o affirmed increase in income!
*/ percent $a4e increased t$eir income %p to Rs-500 per ann%m-
Anot$er 20 percent reported increase in t$eir incomes @et'een Rs-50) to
Rs-)000 per ann%m
,$ere 'ere cases '$ere respondents confirmed of increasing t$eir income
more t$an Rs-5000 per ann%m as a res%lt of t$e asset created %nder t$e
sc$eme-
"n 6$$attisgar$ only one respondent reported increase in income of %p to
Rs-500 per ann%m-
oases
Extent o" -ncrease in Annual -nco%e
3001-4000
2+
4001-5000
4+
a&o%e 5000
4+
!p to 500
47+
2501-3000
5+
2001-2500
2+
1501-2000
6+
501-1000
20+
1001-1500
10+
/2
T8!:e .%'# S>8>e5C;se EF>en> o? In=re8se ;n Ann@8: In=o9e (6)
N# In)"as 0$t# >00 >08-8000 8008-8>00 8>08-2000 2008-2>00 2>08-3000 3008-4000 4008->000 a6#9 >000
1 $a8ast#an 100.00
2 ?#ar3#an" 84.70 6.60 4.70 2.20 0.60 0.60 0.30 0.30
3 Orissa 94.40 1.70 1.40 1.40 1.10
4 C##attisgar# 99.70 0.30
5 16 96.33 3.67
6 2!8arat 58.30 19.70 14.70 5.00 1.70 0.30 0.30
7 1a#aras#tra 78.20 1.40 1.10 1.80 2.50 6.10 8.90
8 :agalan"
9 $a8ast#an 93.60 3.30 0.30 0.60 0.30 0.80 1.10
10 '6 99.42 0.29 0.29
11 5est Bengal 63.10 5.30 13.60 10.60 4.20 1.70 0.80 0.30 0.60
12 A6 81.10 0.80 1.90 0.80 2.50 0.30 4.20 0.60 2.50 5.30
13 ;arnata3a 97.20 2.80
14 Ta/il :a"! 98.10 1.40 0.60
15 Bi#ar 66.95 21.66 7.23 2.50 1.11 0.55
Total 89.22 5.50 2.15 0.8 0.60 0.10 0.40 0.20 0.45 0.40
oases
/;
ASSET54ISE INCREASE IN INCOME
O? >Be >o>8: s8n=>;one 8sse>s* on:" &3%.2 per=en> !ene?;=;8r;es B8 ;n=re8se ;n=o9e ?ro9 D8r;o@s
8sse>s%
T8!:e .%/# Asse>5C;se EF>en> o? In=re8se ;n Ann@8: In=o9e (6)
(.$ #& Assts
In)"as %n In)#4 (%n Rs.)
N# In)"as
0$t#
>00
>08-8000 8008-8>00 8>08-2000 2008-2>00 2>08-3000 3008-4000 4008->000
a6#9
>000
(#tal
9e%. O4 lan"@ etc. 19.89 0.35 0.20 0.16 0.22 0.02 0.14 0.14 0.30 0.20 21.66
Social 4orestr0@ etc. 2.21 0.02 2.23
Agri-#ortic!lt!re@
4loric!lt!re@ etc
1.71 .016 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.02 2.02
5or3s#e"s@
in4rastr!ct!re 4or sel4
e/p. prog.@ etc
5.10 0.10 0.06 0.06 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.02 5.47
Open irrigation 7ells@
&ore7ells 4or
irrigation
15.24 0.86 1.12 0.74 0.24 0.10 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.22 18.71
6on" e*ca%ation@
s!pport 4or
piscic!lt!re@ etc.
1.56 0.02 0.08 0.04 0.02 0.02 1.75
Ot#er s!staina&le
inco/e generating
assets
8.13 1.19 1.13 0.43 0.24 0.02 0.26 0.02 0.16 0.39 12.02
97elling !nits@
#o!ses
25.51 0.35 0.06 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.06 0.08 0.04 26.21
Sanitar0 latrines@
s/o3e-less c#!ll#as
6.58 0.02 6.61
Co//!nit0
7or3s(assetsB
2.39 0.04 2.43
:A 0.84 0.84
Total 89.21 3.05 2.74 1.48 0.89 0.23 0.57 0.23 0.66 0.90 100
oases
/*
Assets sanctioned for impro4ing E%ality of life liAe d'elling %nits! sanitary
latrines and smoAeless c$%ll$as $a4e s$o'n no increase or marginal increase in
t$e incomes of t$e @eneficiaries-
T8!:e .%0# Asse>5C;se In=re8se ;n Ann@8: In=o9e
(.$ #& Assts In)"as %n In)#4 (5) N# In)"as (5)
1 9e%. O4 allotte"@ s!rpl!s@ B#oo"an@ 2o%t. lan" 8.20 91.80
2 Social 4orestr0 7or3s li3e 4!el 7oo" G 4o""er plantations 0.93 99.07
3 Agri-#ortic!lt!re@ 4loric!lt!re@ #ortic!lt!re plantations 15.31 84.69
4 5or3 s#e"s@ in4rastr!ct!re 4or sel4 e/plo0/ent progra/s 6.79 93.21
5 Open irrigation 7ells@ &ore7ells 4or irrigation 18.54 81.46
6 6on" e*ca%ation(re-e*ca%ation 4or s!pport 4or piscic!lt!re 100.00 0.00
7 Ot#er s!staina&le inco/e generating assets 32.30 67.70
8 97elling !nits@ #o!ses 2.68 97.32
9 Sanitar0 latrines@ s/o3e-less c#!ll#as 0.31 99.69
1
0
Co//!nit0 7or3s(assetsB 1.69 98.31
T(TA2 10.78 89.22
M =orAs taAen %p 'ere not as per t$e stated g%idelines of t$e sc$eme
All t$e @eneficiaries ()00 percent) of pond e2ca4ationDre0e2ca4ation 'it$
primary s%pport for piscic%lt%re $a4e increased t$eir income-
;0-;0 percent @eneficiaries '$o acE%ired 4ario%s s%staina@le income
generating assets e-g- se'ing mac$ines! ricAs$a' 4ans! cattle! etc-! confirm
of increase in t$eir income-
)1-5* percent @eneficiaries of t$e total '$o 'ere sanctioned for open
irrigation 'ells! @ore'ells for irrigation co%ld increase t$eir income as an
o%tcome of t$e asset-
Some of t$e @eneficiaries ()5-; percent) sanctioned t$e sc$eme for agri0
$ortic%lt%re! floric%lt%re and $ortic%lt%re plantations also registered some
increase in income-
oases
/5
oases
/.
MaBority of t$e @eneficiaries (2)-/ percent of t$e total *1*) inter4ie'ed
@eneficiaries for all t$e 4ario%s assets) $ad acE%ired assets for de4elopment
of allotted land! s%rpl%s land! B$oodaan land and go4ernment land- B%t
only 1-2 percent claim to $a4e an additional income t$ro%g$ t$ese assets-
Of t$e @eneficiaries '$o got assets liAe 'orA0s$edsDinfrastr%ct%re for self0
employment programs! only .-1 percent reported increase in income-
Social forestry 'orAs 'ere gi4en to )01 respondents ()0* in Ma$aras$tra
alone)- Of t$ese only a@o%t ) percent reported increase in income (Mad$ya
5rades$-
"n &$arA$and maBority of t$e respondents reported no increase in income-
Only 1-. percent @eneficiaries reported an increase in t$eir income in t$e
range of Rs 50) to )000 per ann%m- ,$ey got assets s%c$ as @ore'ells! open
irrigation 'ells! etc-
"n Orissa! only 20 (5-. percent) @eneficiaries reported increase in income-
)1 o%t of 20 @eneficiaries '$o recei4ed assetsD 'orAs for land de4elopment
affirmed of increase in income %p to Rs 2000 per ann%m-
"n 8%Barat 2)0 @eneficiaries (5*-). percent) did not $a4e any increase in
t$eir income from t$e sc$eme assets- 2+-+) percent and 1-1 percent
@eneficiaries reported increased income %p to Rs-)000 per ann%m from t$e
assets for s%staina@le income generation and assets for irrigation
respecti4ely- *-). percent @eneficiaries '$o recei4ed assetsD'orAs of
agric%lt%reD $ortic%lt%reDfloric%lt%re $a4e increased t$eir income %p to
Rs-;000 per ann%m-
"n Ma$aras$tra /1-2 percent (22)+ o%t of 210) did not report any increase
in income- MaBority of t$e @eneficiaries '$o reported increase in income
$ad it from assets pro4ided %nder de4elopment of land- Of t$ese! 2*
@eneficiaries reported increased income of more t$an Rs-*000 per ann%m-
,'enty @eneficiaries recei4ed income gains from assets liAe @ore'ells and
open irrigation 'ells- Of t$ese! )) @eneficiaries claimed to $a4e an increased
income of o4er Rs-5000 per ann%m from t$ese assets-
Alt$o%g$ all t$e @eneficiaries of t$e sc$eme in RaBast$an (S6) state recei4ed
d'elling %nits %nder t$e sc$eme! a@o%t si2 percent reported of some
increase in income- ,$is is d%e to impro4ed sec%rity for family '$ic$ ena@le
t$em to 4ent%re o%t for 'orA-
"n :ttar 5rades$! t$o%g$ 52-. percent @eneficiaries $a4e @een pro4ided 'it$
economic assets liAe @ore'ells and open 'ells! pond e2ca4ation and re0
e2ca4ation! t$ey $a4e no increase in income- ,$is is so @eca%se t$e
@eneficiaries 'ere selected %nder t$e indi4id%al @eneficiary sc$eme @%t t$e
assets created 'ere comm%nity assets- Ot$ers! $o'e4er! $a4e got assets for
impro4ing t$e E%ality of life s%c$ as d'elling %nits and sanitary latrines-
oases
//
"n =est Bengal ;/ per cent of t$e @eneficiaries reported increased income in
4ario%s income gro%ps ranging from Rs-500 to more t$an Rs-5000 per
ann%m depending on t$e type of assets t$ey $a4e acE%ired-
"n And$ra 5rades$ maBority of t$e @eneficiaries (2;; o%t of ;.0) $a4e
acE%ired assets for land de4elopment- O%t of t$em +0-+ percent $a4e not
increased t$eir income and remaining +-) percent increased it %p to
Rs-5000 per ann%m- 2/-+ percent of t$ose @eneficiaries '$o affirmed
increase in income d%e to t$e assets acE%ired for s%staina@le income
generation $a4e increased t$eir income a@o4e Rs-5000 per ann%m- ,'enty
t'o percent claimed of $a4ing additional income in t$e range of Rs-250)0
;000 per ann%m-
Only ten @eneficiaries (2-/1 percent) in >arnataAa $a4e increased t$eir
income %p to Rs-500 per ann%m from assets for land de4elopment-
Alt$o%g$ @eneficiaries in t$e state $ad acE%ired ot$er economic assets liAe
@ore'ells! open irrigation 'ells also @%t t$ey did not acAno'ledge of any
increase in t$e income-
As many as ;*-)/ percent and )2-22 percent @eneficiaries of t$e total sample
of ;.0 in ,amil Nad% acE%ired gro%p $o%sesDd'elling %nits and sanitary
latrine respecti4ely %nder t$e @eneficiary oriented S6DS, program-
7o'e4er! t$ese 'ere t$e assets for impro4ing t$e E%ality of life and not
economic assets for income generation- Only se4en @eneficiaries reported of
increase in income %p to Rs-2000 per ann%m in t$e state-
Beneficiaries in Bi$ar 'ere gi4en 4ario%s assets %nder t$e sc$eme liAe 'orA
s$edsDinfrastr%ct%re for self employment program! @ore'ells! open
irrigation 'ells and pond e2ca4ationDre0e2ca4ation and s%pport for
piscic%lt%re- 7o'e4er! no @eneficiary $as $ad any additional gain in $is or
$er income-
FOOD SECURITY
(ata on food grains paid as 'ages 'as generated and analysed- State 'ise
information is as follo's-
AnBr8 Pr8esB
Of t$e ;.0 @eneficiaries inter4ie'ed! )1) (50-; per cent) did not get food
grains as 'ages-
,$e remaining reported t$at t$ey got food grains 4arying from *2 Ag to
2;* Ag-
B;B8r
#ood grains 'ere not distri@%ted in t$e state %nder t$e programme-
CBB8>>;s<8rB
55 ()5-; per cent) inter4ie'ed @eneficiaries reported t$at t$ey got food
grains-
oases
/1
G@E8r8>
)2+ (;5-1 per cent) @eneficiaries reported t$at t$ey did not get any food
grains as 'age- ,$e remaining @eneficiaries got food grains 4arying from
5 Ag to ;.0 Ag-
)B8rAB8n
)22 @eneficiaries (;1-) per cent) reported t$at t$ey did not get food
grains- ,$e remaining 2;1 @eneficiaries (.)-+ per cent) reported getting
food grains 4arying from . Ag to )0 E%intal-
K8rn8>8A8
20/ @eneficiaries (5/-5 per cent) reported t$at t$ey did not get any food
grains- ,$e remaining )5; (*2-5 per cent) reported getting food grains
4arying from 50 Ag to / E%intal-
M8B"8 Pr8esB
All t$e ;0) @eneficiaries inter4ie'ed reported t$at t$ey got food grains!
its E%antity 4arying from ;-) Ag to )/ E%intal-
M8B8r8sB>r8
Of t$e 2/+ @eneficiaries inter4ie'ed! )1. (..-/ per cent) did not get food
grains- ,$e remaining said t$ey got good grains 4arying from 5 Ag to +-2
E%intal-
Or;ss8
21; (/1-. per cent) @eneficiaries reported t$at t$ey did not get food
grains- ,$e remaining )0+ (2)-* per cent) reported getting food grains
4arying from )-2 E%intal to +-1 E%intal-
R8E8s>B8n
Of t$e /20 @eneficiaries inter4ie'ed! ;0. (*2-5 per cent) did not get food
grains- ,$e remaining *)* (5/-5 per cent) got food grains %nder t$e
programme-
T89;: N8@
Only t$ree @eneficiaries! of t$e ;.0 inter4ie'ed! reported t$at t$ey got
grains as 'ages-
U>>8r Pr8esB
Of t$e ;*0 @eneficiaries inter4ie'ed! .0 ()/-.5 per cent) reported t$at
t$ey got food grains-
4es> Ben<8:
)05 (2+-2 per cent) inter4ie'ed @eneficiaries got food grains as 'age-
,$e E%antity 4aried from 5 Ag to 200 Ag-
oases
/+
As is e4ident! t$e "ndi4id%al Beneficiary Oriented 5rogramme pro4ides food
sec%rity too to t$e @eneficiaries- =it$ t$e e2ception of Bi$ar! t$e inter4ie'ed
@eneficiaries in all ot$er states reported t$at t$ey 'ere gi4en food grains as
'ages (t$o%g$ t$eir n%m@er 'as as lo' as t$ree in ,amil Nad%)- 7o'e4er! t$e
t$r%st of t$e programme s$o%ld not @e on maAing grains a4aila@le to t$e target
gro%ps- "t m%st @e on pro4iding income generating assets! so t$at t$e
@eneficiaries can afford to pay not only for food grains @%t for ed%cation and
$ealt$ care too- At t$e same time attention s$o%ld @e paid to implementing
sc$emes! s%c$ as food for 'orA programme! t$at are aimed at ens%ring food
sec%rity of t$e 'eaAer sections-
COST5BENEFIT ANALYSIS
Un;> Cos> o? Asse>s
,$e "ndi4id%al Beneficiary Oriented program %nder S8R9 'as earmarAed more
t$an Rs-/*+-/* crore in 200200; and /5.-;/ crore in 200;00*
2
- =it$ s%c$ a
s%@stantial amo%nt! t$e policymaAers and t$e planners mig$t $a4e en4isaged
enormo%s en$ancement of t$e S6DS, comm%nity in economic terms- 7o'e4er!
t$e res%lts in spite of s%c$ siCea@le e2pendit%re in t$e programs $a4e not s$o'n
enco%raging res%lts in terms of additional s%staina@le employment and income
generation from t$e indi4id%al assets-
T8!:e .%1# Un;> V8:@e o? >Be Asse>
States No o* assets $otal assets (al"e 9Rs.: A(era#e (al"e o* assets 9Rs.:
$a8ast#an 3+! 89453!! 24848.!+
?#ar3#an" +2 77+27 28574.+3
Orissa 359 +794+! 722.98
C##attisgar# 359 777985 2+7.!9
16 58 ++28!!! 4949.37
2!8arat 35+ 2+8+99! 7547.72
1a#aras#tra 248 7839597 3+.28
:agalan" ' ' '
$a8ast#an 2! 532!5! 2++!2.5!
'6 24 28!+!! !327.42
5est Bengal 324 4+728 4528.7
A6 27 7535!8 5933.3
;arnata3a 3! 883!2 +27+.73
Ta/il :a"! 285 +28478 5739.3+
Bi#ar 3+! 35++37 37+84.3+
(O(AL 38F2 ACB08A3A 28F28.C3
Beneficiaries 'ere asAed to state t$e 4al%e of t$eir asset- ;)/2 @eneficiaries
co%ld respond to t$is E%ery-
2
6alc%lations @ased on t$e 22-5 percent s$are ("ndi4id%al Beneficiary Oriented 5rogramsH
s$are) of t$e total a4aila@le f%nds %nder stream " of S8R9
oases
10
O? >Be '&.( ;n;D;@8: !ene?;=;8r" 8sse>s*
,otal 4al%e Rs%1*2-*3&*1'1
A4erage 4al%e Rs%(&*.(&%2'
State0'ise details of t$e a4erage 4al%e of t$e asset are gi4en in t$e follo'ing
ta@le- ,$is 4al%e indicates t$e %nit cost of t$e assets pro4ided to t$e indi4id%al
@eneficiaries-
TBe oDer8:: @n;> =os> o? >Be 8sse>s proD;e @ner >Be s=Be9e
C8s Rs%(&.(&%2'%
A4erage 4al%e of all t$e assets in 6$$attisgar$ 'as lo'est at only
Rs-2)./-0+-
A4erage 4al%e of all t$e assets in ,amil Nad% 'as $ig$est at Rs-5/);+-;.-
oases
1)
oases
12
In=re8se ;n In=o9e per Un;> o? Asse>
According to t$e @eneficiaries response to t$e increased income as an o%tcome
of t$e asset pro4ided!
O? >Be s89p:e '&.( ;n;D;@8: !ene?;=;8r" 8sse>s*
,otal increased income in one year Rs%&(31*33'
A4erage 4al%e (:nit 4al%e of t$e assets) Rs%&*.0(%-&
oases
1;
oases
1*
T8!:e .%.# In=re8se In=o9e per Un;> o? Asse> Cre8>e
States No o* Bene*'c'ar'es $otal 1ncrease!
1ncoe 9Rs.:
1ncrease! 'ncoe per
"n't 9Rs.:
$a8ast#an - -
?#ar3#an" 64 47900 748.44
Orissa 25 20850 834.00
C##attisgar# 1 300 300.00
16 11 450 40.91
2!8arat 150 110840 738.93
1a#aras#tra 61 449950 7376.23
:agalan" -
$a8ast#an 25 39752 1590.08
'6 2 12000 6000.00
5est Bengal 145 156866 1081.83
A6 68 289000 4250.00
;arnata3a 10 3550 355.00
Ta/il :a"! 7 5050 721.43
Bi#ar 119 69495 583.99
Total +88 2!+!!3 752.9
O4erall increased income per %nit of asset 'as Rs-)/52-+)
"ncreased income from per %nit of t$e asset 'as lo'est in M5 (at Rs-*0-+)
only) and $ig$est in Ma$aras$tra (at Rs-/;/.-2;)-
In=re8se ;n E9p:o"9en> per Un;> o? Asse>
A total of ;5!+.5 mandays employment 'as generated for 5)0 indi4id%al
@eneficiaries t$ro%g$ t$e assets pro4ided-
O4erall per %nit of t$e asset increase in s%staina@le employment 'as /0-52
mandays-

oases
15

oases
1.
T8!:e .%2# In=re8se ;n E9p:o"9en> per Un;> o? Asse>
States No. o* Bene*'c'ar'es $otal 4an!a)s 7plo)ent Per 8n't 1ncrease 'n 7plo)ent
$a8ast#an 0
?#ar3#an" 2 42 21
Orissa 3 70 23.33
C##attisgar# 6 439 73.17
16 0
2!8arat 112 2835 25.31
1a#aras#tra 49 1540 31.43
:agalan"
$a8ast#an 14 642 45.86
'6 13 453 34.85
5est Bengal 218 26766 122.78
A6 18 660 36.67
;arnata3a 1 7 7.00
Ta/il :a"! 5 150 30.00
Bi#ar 69 2361 34.22
Total 510 35965 70.52
"n >arnataAa t$e increase in employment from eac$ %nit of asset 'as lo'est
(/ mandays) follo'ed @y &$arA$and (2) mandays)-
7ig$est increase in employment from eac$ %nit of asset ()22-/1 mandays)
'as in =est Bengal-
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T8!:e .%-# S@s>8;n8!:e In=re8se ;n In=o9e , E9p:o"9en> D;s58 D;s
V8:@e o? Asse>s
States 8n't Val"e o* asset
9Rs.:
A(era#e 1ncrease 'n 1ncoe
9Rs.:
A(era#e 1ncrease 'n 7plo)ent
9an!a)s:
ST STATES
$a8ast#an 24848.06
?#ar3#an" 28574.63 748.44 21
Orissa 17212.98 834.00 23.33
C##attisgar# 2167.09 300.00 73.17
16 41949.37 40.91
2!8arat 7547.72 738.93 25.31
1a#aras#tra 31611.28 7376.23 31.43
:agalan" -
SC STATES
$a8ast#an 26602.50 1590.08 45.86
'6 10327.42 6000.00 34.85
5est Bengal 4528.17 1081.83 122.78
A6 5933.13 4250.00 36.67
;arnata3a 6276.73 355.00 7.00
Ta/il :a"! 57139.36 721.43 30.00
Bi#ar 37684.36 583.99 34.22
Total 272.83 752.9 7!.52
On an a4erage! an asset of Rs-2)!/2)-1; 4al%e! pro4ided to t$e indi4id%al
@eneficiaries! $as generated
/0-52 mandays employment and
An income of Rs-)/52-+) per year-
oases
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T8!:e .%&3# InDes>9en>5O@>p@> R8>;o
Stats In)"as %n In)#4 ' Rs.8000
In9st,
In)"as %n E4$l#.4nt'Rs.8000
In9st,
ST STATES
$a8ast#an 0 0
?#ar3#an" 26.19 0.73
Orissa 48.45 1.36
C##attisgar# 138.43 33.76
16 0.98 0.00
2!8arat 97.90 3.35
1a#aras#tra 233.34 0.99
SC STATES
$a8ast#an 59.77 1.72
'6 580.98 3.37
5est Bengal 238.91 27.11
A6 716.32 6.18
;arnata3a 56.56 1.12
Ta/il :a"! 12.63 0.53
Bi#ar 15.50 0.91
Avera:e 8!.7! 3.25
Among t$e S, dominated states! in terms of increased income
Most cost0effecti4e assets 'ere in Ma$aras$tra follo'ed @y
6$$attisgar$-
,$e least cost0effecti4e assets 'ere of t$e @eneficiaries in &$arA$and
state-
"n terms of increased employmentJ
Assets pro4ided in 6$$attisgar$ 'ere most cost0effecti4e and in
&$arA$and least cost0effecti4e-
Among t$e S6 dominated states! in terms of increased income!
Assets pro4ided in :5 'ere most cost0effecti4e and
"n ,amil Nad% least cost0effecti4e-
,o s%m %p! t$e impact on income and employment from t$e "ndi4id%al
Beneficiary Oriented 5rogram 'as fo%nd 4ery lo' and it 4aried from state to
state on t$e @asis of t$e nat%re of assets-
oases
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CHAPTER 8
PROBLEMS AND SUGGESTIONS
,$e s%r4ey re4ealed some diffic%lties and constraints in t$e e2ec%tion and
f%nctioning of t$e sc$eme t$at emerged at 4ario%s implementation le4els-
(%ring disc%ssions and interactions 'it$ district! @locA and 4illage le4el
officials and @eneficiaries some critical iss%es 'ere also o@ser4ed-
GENERAL PROBLEMS
Some of t$e pro@lems @eing faced @y t$e @eneficiaries in a4ailing t$e @enefits
and @y t$e panc$ayats in implementing t$e sc$eme are common and pre4alent
in all t$e states- ,$ey are gi4en @elo'-
&% L8=A o? AC8reness 8!o@> >Be S=Be9e G@;e:;nes
Need for specific a'areness a@o%t "ndi4id%al Beneficiary oriented programs for
S6DS, %nder S8R9 among t$e panc$ayats 'as apparent- "n t$e a@sence of
B(5O! t$e staffs at t$e @locA le4el 'ere not a@le to inform and e2plain t$e
s%r4ey team of t$e @eneficiaries t$ere- Also t$ey did not Ano' a@o%t t$e t'o
streams of S8R9! lea4e aside t$e norms and proced%res-
Elected 5R" leaders and officials at <illa 5aris$ad! @locA and 4illage le4el are
not a'are of t$e g%idelines of t$e "ndi4id%al Benefit Oriented 5rogram of
S8R9- ,$is $as res%lted in t$e fa%lty implementation and conseE%ently not
f%lfilling t$e o@Becti4e of pro4iding employment and income generating assets
to t$e poor S6 and S,- A'areness of t$e @eneficiaries a@o%t t$e program
content is also poor! t$is res%lts in to lacA of social a%diting and adds to t$e
inconsistency in t$e program implementation-
(% Cons>r@=>;on o? Co99@n;>" Asse>s Ins>e8 o? In;D;@8:
Asse>s
#%nds of "ndi4id%al Beneficiary Oriented 5rograms $a4e @een %tilised in
creating t$e comm%nity assets liAe roads! drains! c%l4erts or tree plantation on
comm%nity land etc- (e2cept RaBast$an)- ,$e program g%idelines $a4e @een
o4erlooAed and it $as @een implemented in accordance 'it$ t$e general S8R9
'orAs- "t appears t$at g%idelines to implement "ndi4id%al Beneficiary Oriented
5rogram $a4e not @een effecti4ely comm%nicated to t$e district! @locA and
4illage le4el implementing a%t$orities-
'% L8=A o? Mon;>or;n<
"nternal monitoring of t$e program @y t$e state! @locA or 4illage panc$ayat is
a@ysmal- 6ommittees for monitoring at (istrict and @locA le4el $a4e not @een
formed- 7ardly any official from <illa 5aris$ad and @locA $a4e 4isited t$e
oases
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constr%cted assets- ,$is lacA of monitoring lea4es scope for fla'ed
implementation of t$e programs and mis%tilisation of f%nds-
/% L8=A o? Repor>;n< o? >Be Per?or98n=e o? In;D;@8:
Bene?;=;8r" Pro<r89s
E2pendit%re on "ndi4id%al Benefit 5rogram (22-5 percent of Stream ") $as not
@een done as per t$e g%idelines- (etails of e2pendit%re inc%rred on 'orAs taAen
%p %nder t$e "ndi4id%al Beneficiary Oriented 5rograms are not maintained
separately- ,$erefore it @ecomes impossi@le to get t$e act%al allocation and
e2pendit%re on t$ese 'orAs- "nformation a@o%t performance of t$e program is
not reported- (%e to t$is lacA of separate record Aeeping and a@sence of
reporting of t$e program! it is 4ery diffic%lt to ascertain t$e
performanceDimpact of t$e program-
0% I9proper Se:e=>;on o? Asse>s/4orAs
Sarpanc$s and panc$ayat secretaries are not disc$arging t$eir d%ties in t$e
spirit of t$e sc$eme- ,$eir only concern is to carry o%t t$e 'orAs K
maintainingDconstr%cting assets- ,$e prime o@Becti4e of pro4iding economic
asset is ignored- As a res%lt t$e assets and 'orAs sanctioned are not f%lfilling
t$e o@Becti4e of pro4iding income generating economic assets-
STATE SPECIFIC PROBLEMS
,$e pro@lems o@ser4ed in different states are as follo'sJ
AnBr8 Pr8esB
)- (%e to political interference! district a%t$orities are not a@le to implement
t$e program as per t$e g%idelines-
2- "n Nellore district t$e Beneficiary Oriented 5rogram of S8R9 $as not @een
implemented for t$e year 200200;-
;- "mplementing a%t$orities are not properly a'are of t$e g%idelines of t$e
program- ,$e elected representati4es and officials of t$e implementing
agencies $a4e not @een imparted any training-
B;B8r
)- 5roced%re of getting t$e assistance is E%ite diffic%lt- "n order to get t$e
assistance @eneficiaries $ad to approac$ t$e @locAD<5 officials many times-
2- 6onstr%ction of t$e assets is not cost0effecti4e-
;- Assets sanctioning is not need @ased-
*- 5oor E%ality grains $a4e @een pro4ided to t$e 4illage panc$ayats-
5- Village panc$ayat face political infl%ence in implementation of t$e sc$emes-
Benefit of t$e program $as not reac$ed t$e needy- ,$e 'orAers! in4ol4ed in
carrying o%t t$e 'orAs! $a4e @een paid less t$an t$e prescri@ed 'ages- "n
t$e panc$ayats n%m@er of aspirants is too $ig$ '$ere as allocation made for
t$e panc$ayats is $ig$ly ins%fficient-
oases
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.- ,$ere are reports of lacA of planning from Sa$arsa district- S$ortage of staff
at t$e <5 is also reported-
CBB8>>;s<8rB
)- #ood grains do not reac$ in time and $ence @enefits of la@o%r oriented
'orAs are not compensated @y food grains-
2- "n t$e 4illage panc$ayats n%m@er of aspirants is too $ig$! '$ereas f%nds
allocated are too less-
;- S, @eneficiaries in (ante'ada district are not m%c$ interested in t$e
programme- "lliteracy may @e t$e reason- As t$eir $o%ses are scattered in
t$e 4illage! it is diffic%lt to contact t$em as 'ell-
G@E8r8>
)- and de4elopment 'orAs $a4e @een sanctioned to t$e @eneficiaries-
7o'e4er t$e @eneficiaries are not getting t$e @enefit o%t of t$em! as eit$er
t$e land is $illy and %nprod%cti4e or irrigation facilities are not t$ere-
2- Mac$ines and contractors $a4e @een employed in e2ec%ting t$e 'orAs-
=orAers 'ere also $ired from o%tside of t$e panc$ayats- ,$ese 'orAers
'ere paid only in cas$- ,$ey 'ere not pro4ided t$e food grains-
;- Not$ing $as @een done to pro4ide marAeting facilities to t$e @eneficiaries
'$o $a4e taAen0%p income generating acti4ities- N8Os 'ere in4ol4ed in
carrying o%t t$e 'orAs @%t t$e 4illage panc$ayats are not satisfied 'it$ t$eir
performance-
*- Allocated amo%nt $as not @een dis@%rsed to t$e panc$ayats in time-
)B8rAB8n
)- ,$e @eneficiaries $ad to approac$ t$e @locA officials a n%m@er of times and
in many cases t$e @eneficiaries paid @ri@e- #inal instalment of t$e assistance
$as still not @een paid to t$e @eneficiaries- ,$ey $ad to in4est o'n money to
constr%ct t$e asset! as t$e assistance pro4ided 'as inadeE%ate-
2- 5R"s do not e2ist in &$arA$and! as t$e election of 5R"s is yet to taAe place-
,$erefore! Village panc$ayats $a4e no role in implementation of S8R9-
BlocA le4el officials are implementing t$e program- BeneficiariesH selection
'as not strictly need @ased-
;- 6ontractors $a4e @een in4ol4ed in creation of t$e assets and poor E%ality
material $as @een %sed- As a res%lt constr%cted assets 'ere of s%@standard
E%ality-
*- Middle men and politicians reportedly interfere in t$e implementation of
t$e programme in 8%mla district-
K8rn8>8A8
)- Village panc$ayat f%nctionaries do not $elp people in for'arding t$eir
names to @locA and (R(A for appro4al of t$e assistance- ,$e amo%nt
sanctioned is $ig$ly inadeE%ate to constr%ct t$e assets completely-
oases
+2
,$erefore! many of t$e assets are incomplete and t$ose completed 'ere of
poor E%ality-
2- (elayed f%nd dis@%rsement 'as a maBor constraint faced @y t$e panc$ayats
in pro4iding timely assistance to t$e @eneficiaries-
M8B"8 Pr8esB
)- Assets for irrigation and land de4elopment $a4e @een pro4ided to t$e people
@%t t$e people are not a'are of 'ater conser4ation and met$ods of
rec$arging t$e 'ater @odies! '$ic$ maAes t$ese assets ineffecti4e for
income generation-
2- #or many of t$e @eneficiaries t$e land de4elopment 'orAs $a4e not @een
%sef%l @eca%se irrigation facilities are not a4aila@le t$ere-
;- "n some of t$e cases 4illage panc$ayats $a4e e2ec%ted t$e 'orAs and
mac$ines $a4e @een %sed '$ic$ is '$y t$e people co%ld not get t$e
employment-
*- At 4illage panc$ayat le4el selection of t$e @eneficiaries is not transparent-
,$ere is discrepancy in selection of @eneficiaries- 6reamy layer people
creating $indrance in pro4iding @enefit to t$e tri@al people-
5- Allocated grains and f%nds are not dis@%rsed in time- And! records of
employment generation! especially for S6DS,! are not maintained-
.- "n Bar'ani district t$e needy are not @eing @enefited d%e to improper
selection of @eneficiaries-
M8B8r8sB>r8
)- Social forestry 'orAs $a4e @een carried o%t %nder t$e "ndi4id%al Beneficiary
Oriented 5rogram- ,ree plantation $as @een carried o%t on comm%nity land-
,$ro%g$ t$ese! t$e @eneficiaries can get income only after si20se4en years-
,$erefore tree plantation 'orAs do not $elp in f%lfilling t$e o@Becti4e of
income generation of t$e sc$eme-
Or;ss8
)- (%e to delay in dis@%rsement of f%nds 'orAs $a4e not @een completed-
2- Beneficiaries are paid after constr%ction of t$e assetsDcarrying o%t t$e
'orAs-
R8E8s>B8n
)- Employment generation is t$e maBor need of t$e people in t$e state- B%t
$o%ses $a4e @een pro4ided to t$e people %nder t$e program! '$ic$ does not
$elp in pro4iding income and employment-
2- "n many of t$e panc$ayats all B5 S6 $o%se$olds $a4e @een @enefited! no'
panc$ayats face diffic%lty in finding t$e eligi@le @eneficiaries- ,$ere!
panc$ayat and @locA le4el officials asA for ne' pro4isions to pro4ide t$e
@enefits for non0S6s also-
oases
+;
;- 5anc$ayats do not Ano' t$e amo%nt of allocation in t$e @eginning of t$e
financial year- ,$is lacA of information a@o%t t$e a4aila@le reso%rces creates
diffic%lty in preparing ann%al action plan-
*- Ar@itrary modifications and amendments in AA5 d%e to political press%re
are reported from Bans'ara district-
T89;: N8@
)- ,$e assets! liAe $and p%mps etc! created %nder t$e program are not in
'orAing condition- 6onseE%ently t$ey $a4e not made any percepti@le
difference in t$e li4ing conditions of t$e @eneficiaries- And! people do not
get employment ro%nd t$e year-
2- Allocation %nder t$e program is lo' and n%m@er of aspirants is 4ery $ig$-
=it$ t$is 4ery limited allocation it @ecomes diffic%lt to satisfy all t$e eligi@le
people-
U>>8r Pr8esB
)- "n many cases t$e 'orAs carried o%t for general castes $a4e @een s$o'n as
of Sc$ed%led 6astes-
2- Assets created in Son@$adra district are reportedly not S6 D S, specific-
,$ey @enefit all sections of t$e society- Maintenance of t$ose assets is also
poor-
;- "ndi4id%al assets! liAe sanitary latrines $a4e not @een constr%cted
completely- ,$erefore t$ey are not @eing %sed- Besides! E%ality of t$e
created assets is poor-
*- Village panc$ayats face political infl%ence in t$e selection of @eneficiaries-
<illa 5aris$ad and B(6 mem@ers interfere in @eneficiary selection-
4es> Ben<8:
)- "n =est Bengal 4illagers normally cons%me @oiled rice! '$ic$ is not
a4aila@le at #6" stores- Ra' rice is not accepta@le to t$e @eneficiaries and
t$is creates pro@lems for implementing a%t$orities-
2- MaBority of t$e S6 are land less! t$erefore it is diffic%lt to pro4ide t$em land0
@ased @enefits-
N8<8:8n
)- 5anc$ayats do not e2ist in Nagaland- Village (e4elopment 6ommittee and
Village 6o%ncil e2ec%te de4elopment 'orAs-
2- No indi4id%al 'orA $as @een carried o%t in any of t$e panc$ayat- #%nds of
22-5 percent component $as @een %tilised for comm%nity assets- "n
constr%ction of t$ese assets 'ages $a4e not @een paid- 5eople $a4e 'orAed
4ol%ntarily and amo%nt $as @een gi4en eit$er to t$e needy or $as @een
distri@%ted eE%ally among all t$e $o%se$olds-
;- 7ig$ cost of transportation and inadeE%ate comm%nication facilities
reportedly affect t$e implementation of t$e programme in 5$eA district-
oases
+*
SUGGESTIONS
Pro<r89 Des;<n
G@;e:;nes o? >Be pro<r89 98" !e =B8n<e >o oDer=o9e >Be 89!;<@;>;es
o? ;>s eFe=@>;on 8n >o re8:;He >Be sp;r;> o? >Be pro<r89% Or* ;ns>e8 o?
eFe=@>;n< 8s 8 sep8r8>e pro<r89 =o9ponen>* >Be In;D;@8: Bene?;=;8r"
Or;en>e Pro<r89 98" !e 9er<e C;>B >Be <ener8: SGRY* s;n=e*
)- Ret%rns in terms of income and employment are lo'
2- (ecision of pro4iding t$e assets is @y t$e state instead of @y t$e
@eneficiaries and 5R"s
;- 6omplicates t$e S8R9
*- (oes not address t$e primary and secondary o@Becti4es of S8R9 in
totality
Pr;or;>" 98" !e <;Den >o ;n=o9e <ener8>;n< 8sse>s% Asse>s ?or ;9proD;n<
G@8:;>" o? :;?e s@=B 8s Bo@ses 98" !e roppe s;n=e*
)- ,$ese assets do not address t$e o@Becti4e of increasing income and
employment
2- ,$ese assets are not al'ays t$e felt need of t$e people and t$e area
De?;ne >Be eF8=> n8>@re o? ;n=o9e <ener8>;n< 8sse>s% S@=B 8n 8sse>
=o@: !e so9e>B;n< >B8> 8ss@res ;n=o9e ?or* s8"* &3 "e8rs C;>B 9;nor
98;n>en8n=e% Irr;<8>;on ?8=;:;>;es* seC;n< 98=B;ne* e>=% ?8:: ;n >B;s
=8>e<or"
IBP sB8re (((%0 per=en>) 98" !e 8E@s>e ;n propor>;on >o >Be ST/SC
pop@:8>;on o? >Be ;s>r;=>s
Pro<r89 EFe=@>;on
Co9preBens;De Ins>r@=>;ons/G@;e:;nes 98" !e 98e 8D8;:8!:e >o >Be
;9p:e9en>;n< 8<en=;es 8> e8=B :eDe: o? ;9p:e9en>8>;on* ?ro9 s>8>e >o
D;::8<e p8n=B8"8>s%
A=>;on ?or In8ppropr;8>e F@n U>;:;s8>;on on IBP s;n=e*
#%nd %tilisation is eit$er too lo' or too $ig$-
5resently! t$e 22-5 per cent component is e2ec%ted @y <5s and "5s- (%ring
t$e field s%r4ey! it 'as fo%nd t$at %ltimately t$is component is e2ec%ted @y
4illage panc$ayats- Many state0le4el officials are of t$e 4ie' t$at t$is
component @e $anded o4er to 4illage panc$ayats- "f it is $anded o4er to 85s
for e2ec%tion! t$e amo%nt a4aila@le 'it$ t$em 'ill @e too lo' to create any
meaningf%l income generating asset- 7o'e4er! as t$e gro%nd reality 4aries
from state to state! state go4ernments s$o%ld @e free to decide t$e E%ant%m
of f%nds to @e earmarAed to <5s! "5s and 4illage panc$ayats-
TBe pro<r89 ?@ns 98" !e oDe>8;:e C;>B SGSY >o proD;e ;n=o9e
<ener8>;n< 8sse>s ?or :8r<er n@9!er o? !ene?;=;8r;es* s;n=e*
,$e n%m@er of aspirants for t$e @enefit of t$e program is too $ig$! '$ereas
allocation made for t$e panc$ayats is $ig$ly ins%fficient- By do4etailing t$e
program 'it$ S8S9! a larger n%m@er of t$e poor may @e @enefited-
oases
+5
S8n=>;on o? re<@:8r perAs/s8:8r"/Bonor8r;@9 >o s8rp8n=Bs
#or t$e implementation of t$e program and carrying o%t panc$ayat
acti4ities! sarpanc$s $a4e to 'orA f%ll time 'it$ no perAs or salaryG only a
meagre amo%nt of $onorari%m is paid to t$em- ,$is p%s$es t$em to'ards
malpractices- #or $onest and proper implementation of t$e program!
sarpanc$s s$o%ld @e pro4ided proper amo%nt of perAsD salaryD$onorari%m-
Pro<r89 Mon;>or;n<
Re;n?or=e Mon;>or;n< ?ro9 >Be Cen>re 5 Mon;>or;n< 98" !e
s>ren<>Bene% Mon;>or;n< =o99;>>ees 98" !e 98e ?@n=>;on8: 8>
;s>r;=> 8n !:o=A :eDe:s 8:so%
At present implementation of t$e "BO program is not as per t$e g%idelines-
,$ere is lacA of monitoring of t$e program- ,$is gi4es free $and to t$e
implementing a%t$orities to tamper 'it$ t$e g%idelines- Strict monitoring
from t$e 6entre 'o%ld looA at t$e type of assets (economic or non0
economic) pro4ided @y t$e state a%t$orities and $ence en$ance t$e
f%lfilment of t$e o@Becti4e- Monitoring committees s$o%ld @e made
f%nctional at district and @locA le4els also-
AC8reness Gener8>;on
EF>ens;De AC8reness Gener8>;on Pro<r89s 98" !e >8Aen @p C;>B
>Be ;9p:e9en>;n< 8<en=;es 8s Ce:: 8s >Be !ene?;=;8r;es%
#%nds may @e earmarAed for "E6 acti4ities and a'areness generation
among t$e intended people regarding t$e "B programs-
No effort $as @een done to maAe t$e people a'are of t$is program-
6onseE%ently t$e poor S6DS,! to '$om! t$e program intends to assist $a4e
@een c%t off! and t$e @enefit is @eing %s%rped @y t$e ric$ and t$ose '$o $a4e
contacts 'it$ t$e implementing a%t$orities- ,o assist t$e intended people!
an amo%nt s$o%ld @e earmarAed for a'areness generation among t$e
people and internal monitoring m%st @e strengt$ened- Since t$e f%nds of
"ndi4id%al Benefit Oriented 5rogram for S6DS, of S8R9 are @eing %sed for
creating comm%nity assets! t$is o4erlooAs t$e o@Becti4e of pro4iding
s%staina@le so%rce of employment and income to t$e poor S6DS,- ,$is is
@eca%se implementing a%t$orities at district! @locA and 4illage panc$ayat
le4el $a4e not @een properly comm%nicated a@o%t t$e aims and
implementation process of "BO component of S8R9- #or pro4iding t$e
s%staina@le so%rce of income and employment to poor S6DS,
compre$ensi4e instr%ctionsD g%idelines may @e pro4ided to t$e
implementing agencies at eac$ le4el of implementation! from state to 4illage
panc$ayats! or @y separating t$is component from S8R9 into an altoget$er
ne' program! '$ic$ can @e initiated for pro4iding s%staina@le so%rces of
income and employment to t$e S6 and S,-
oases
+.
oases
+/
CONTENTS
AND+RA PRADES+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%--
BI+AR%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&3/
C++ATTISGAR+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&3-
GU)ARAT%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&&&
)+ARK+AND%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&&1
MAD+YA PRADES+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&&-
MA+ARAS+TRA%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&(&
NAGALAND%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&(/
ORISSA%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&'(
RA)AST+AN (SC)%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&'.
RA)AST+AN (ST)%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&/'
TAMIL NADU%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&/1
UTTAR PRADES+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&/-
4EST BENGAL%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&0/
oases
+1
oases
++
AND+RA PRADES+
As per t$e directi4es of t$e Ministry of R%ral (e4elopment an e4al%ation
e2ercise of @eneficiary oriented (S6DS,) 5rogram of S8R9 'as %ndertaAen in
States 'it$ S6 and S, pop%lation of more t$an eig$t percent- ,'o districts
'ere co4ered for eac$! t$e eig$t S6 states and se4en S, states- ,$e reference
period for t$e e4al%ation st%dy 'as t$e financial years 200200; and 200;00*-
,$is c$apter presents a @rief report on t$e @eneficiary oriented S6DS, program
of S8R9 in t$e States selected for t$e st%dy-
,$e E%icA e4al%ation st%dy in And$ra 5rades$ co4ered only S6 @eneficiaries in
t'o districts! Nellore and >$ammam- (istrict Nellore $as t$e $ig$est
percentage of S6 pop%lation in t$e state! and district >$ammam is close to t$e
state a4erage-
Nellore district! t$e So%t$ern most 6oastal district of And$ra 5rades$ lies
@et'een );0;0H and )50.H of t$e Nort$ern latit%de and /005H and 100)5H of t$e
Eastern ongit%de and e2tending o4er an area of );0/. SE->ms! acco%nting for
*-/5N of t$e total area of t$e state- "t is @o%nded on t$e nort$ @y 5raAasam
district on t$e East @y Bay of Bengal on t$e So%t$ @y 6$ittoor district and
6$engalpatt% district of ,amilnad% and on t$e =est @y Veligonda 7ills! '$ic$
separate it from >adapa district- Administrati4ely t$e district is di4ided into *.
Mandals! co4ering t$ree Re4en%e (i4isions 'it$ 7ead F%arters at Nellore!
8%d%r and >a4ali- ,$ere are t$ree M%nicipalities namely Nellore! 8%d%r and
>a4ali and in addition t$ere are t'o 6ens%s ,o'ns i-e- >o4%rpalli! VenAatagiri-
As per 200) cens%s! t$e total pop%lation of Nellore is 2.-.1 'it$ r%ral
pop%lation 20-.+ laA$ and %r@an 5-++ laA$- ,$e pop%lation of females per )000
males is +1*- ,$e total literacy in t$e district is .5-01N of t$e total pop%lation
in t$e district co4ering /;-./N male literates and 5.-;1N female literates- ,$e
geograp$ical area of t$e district is );-). laA$ $ectares! of '$ic$ )1-/N is forest
area- ,$e net area so'n forms 2;-1N '$ile c%lti4a@le 'aste and fallo' (c%rrent
and old ) lands 6onstit%te ))N-
(istrict >$ammam formed on )st Octo@er )+5; deri4es its name @y its $ead
E%arters to'n >$ammam- ,$e district lies @et'een ).00*5 and )100;5 of
nort$ern latit%de and /+00*/ of t$e eastern latit%de and is @o%nded on t$e
nort$ @y 6$attisgar$ and Orissa states! on t$e east @y East 8oda4ari and =est
8oda4ari districts! on t$e so%t$ @y district >ris$na and on t$e 'est @y
Nalgonda and =arangal districts- Administrati4ely t$e (istrict is di4ided into
*. Mandals! co4ering fo%r Re4en%e (i4isions-
As per 200) cens%s t$e total pop%lation of >$ammam district is 22-.5 laA$ 'it$
)2-++ laA$ male and )2-.. laA$ female pop%lation- ,$e density of pop%lation is
).0- iteracy in t$e district acco%nts for 50-)*N of t$e total pop%lation- ,$e
oases
total geograp$ical area is )5-10 laA$ $ectares
;
! of '$ic$ 25-/N alone is net area
so'n and */-0*N forest land-
COVERAGE
Sc)edules canvassed ,istrict
*ellore
,istrict
3)a%%a%
Total no. o"
Sc)edules
,istrict 2
1loc$s
4 3 7
4illa:e 5anc)a&ats 3! 3! +!
1ene"iciaries
Sc#e"!le" Castes
Sc#e"!les Tri&es
Total
8! 8! 3+!
*on <ene"iciaries
+! +! 2!
Assets +! +! 2!
Total 335 334 ++9
SC+EME IMPLEMENTATION , ROLE OF PRIs
Selection of Beneficiaries
"t cannot @e said 'it$ certainty as to $o' t$e selection of @eneficiaries 'as
done- ,$e 5rogram in its present s$ape 'as implemented for t$e first time and
t$e names of t$e streams (M5 ("5) stream and <5 stream) '$ic$ 'as a little
conf%sing-
,$e selection of @eneficiaries 'as done in t$e gram sa@$a and from among t$e
B5 families and 'as finaliCed @y t$e 5aris$ad 8eneral Body meetings-
=$ile selection of @eneficiaries! t$e 4illage Sarpanc$ $as a maBor role-
Assets Created
Assets in t$e state 'ere created taAing in to acco%nt t$e local circ%mstances and
needs of t$e @eneficiaries-
O%t of t$e fo%r Mandals st%died in Nellore!
VenAatac$alam Mandal $as taAen %p land de4elopment 5rograms 'it$ a
4ie' to @ring t$e 6&#S landsDot$er %nc%lti4ated lands into c%lti4a@le
condition-
B%c$ireddy palem Mandal ga4e maBor s$are to @ricA man%fact%ring
%nits 'it$ minor s$are going to #" pe@@les E%arrying and a fe' land
de4elopment 'orAs-
;
"n 200)002
oases
Nellore R%ral Mandals f%nded a 4ariety of 'orAs '$ile >o4%r Mandals
'ent for 5addy crop 'it$ minor s$are going to @ricA %nitsG fis$Dpra'n
ponds and one @ore 'ell 'it$ po'er p%mp %nit-
"n >$ammam district!
Beneficiaries 'ere gi4en f%nds for constr%cting $o%ses %nder t$e
@eneficiary oriented sc$eme for S6DS,s-
,$e @eneficiaries engaged t$emsel4es in t$e constr%ction 'orA and also
recei4ed 'ages apart from t$e assistance f%nds-
t$ese assets are looAing 4ery nice- Still t$ere are some negati4e points
fo%nd in t$e monitoring process- (%e to lacA of field people t$e 'orA is
not completed in proper time
,$e 4ery p%rpose of t$e 5rogram i-e- pro4iding s%staina@le income0
generating asset to t$e poor people is defeated- 7o'e4er t$e main
reason for lacA of monitoring is d%e to s$ortage of staff at t$e controlling
offices-
Inole!ent of PRIs and Co!!"nit#$Beneficiaries
,$e <ila 5aris$ads and t$e Mandal 5aris$ads play a maBor role in t$e
implementation of t$e S8R9 5rogram in @ot$ t$e selected districts 'it$ an
o@Becti4e of creating infrastr%ct%re incl%ding d%ra@le assets at t$e 4illage le4el
and assets to ena@le t$e r%ral poor to increase t$e opport%nities for s%staina@le
employment-
,$e 8ram sa@$a in @ot$ districts are acti4ely in4ol4ed in all Ainds of
r%ral de4elopment acti4ities and in t$e process of @eneficiary selection-
,$e @eneficiaries 'ere informed @y t$e officials of 5R" mem@ers to
s%@mit applications for getting aid for certain 'orA '$ic$ s$o's 5R"sH
dynamic participation-
%onitorin& of t'e Sc'e!e
,$ere is no proper monitoring of t$e program-
,$e amo%nts sanctioned to t$e @eneficiaries 'ere gi4en @y c$eE%e-
Co!!ents
,$ere 'as some dissatisfaction among t$e nonK@eneficiaries- ,$e nonK
@eneficiaries inter4ie'ed stated t$at no@ody in t$eir 4illages ot$er t$an t$e
@eneficiaries Ano' a@o%t t$e sc$eme or t$e selection of @eneficiaries %ntil t$e
@enefits 'ere act%ally gi4en- 7o'e4er! t$ese statements of t$e non0
@eneficiaries cannot @e taAen at t$eir face a 4al%e as t$ey come from persons
'$o may @e deBected @eca%se of not getting t$e @enefits- "t is nat%ral t$at t$ey
rate t$e implementation of t$e 5rogram as O5OORP and so%nd O:ns%reP a@o%t
oases
t$e %tiliCation of t$e f%nds- On enE%iry as to '$y t$e people ot$er t$an t$e
@eneficiaries do not Ano' a@o%t t$e 5rogramDselection of @eneficiaries! etc t$e
Mandal Officials stated t$at t$ese 4illagers do not s$o' interest to attend t$e
gram sa@$a '$ic$ is t$e reason for t$eir ignorance-
Ne::ore
As per t$e opinion of t$e 6EO <5 Nellore! d%e to political press%res t$ey are
%na@le to implement t$e sc$eme as per t$e S8R9 g%idelines e4en in selection of
'orAs and distri@%tion of food grains- At t$e 4illage le4el and "5 le4el t$ey are
not maintaining t$e records as 'ell as financial acco%nts and list of assets and
@eneficiaries properly- "ntermediate 5anc$ayat le4el and 4illage le4el
implementing a%t$orities are not a'are of t$ese sc$eme g%idelines properly-
5artic%larly in Nellore district 22-5N allocation of 'orAs (#or S6Hs L S,Hs) is
also not done properly for t$e year 200200;- #or t$e year 200;00* <5 did not
implemented t$e 22-5N component of S8R9 for S6 L S,s separately- No
training 5rograms 'ere cond%cted to t$e elected representati4es and
implementing agencies a@o%t t$e implementation of t$e sc$eme-
S"&&estions
All implementing agencies (<5! "5 L V5) s$o%ld @e trained properly in
implementation of S8R9 sc$eme- ,$ere s$o%ld @e an inspecting and
monitoring a%t$ority for completed 'orAs and on distri@%tion of food grains-
No>eJ Already (istrict administration p%t an enE%iry on selection of 'orAs and
distri@%tion of food grains! at t$e time of commencement of o%r E%icA
e4al%ation st%dy-
KB89989
As per t$e opinion of t$e 8o4ernment 5eople! d%e to political inter4ention t$ey
are not in position to implement t$e program properly- "n some St%dy Mandal!
it is fo%nd t$at t$ere is lacA of proper information regarding a @eneficiary- ,$eir
names are not t$ere in t$e list @%t in t$e 4illage! t$ey are a4aila@le and
sometimes con4erse t$ing is $appening i-e- some time names of t$e people are
t$ere in t$e list @%t t$ey are not e2isting in t$e 4illage- At t$e 4illage le4el and "5
le4el t$ey are not maintaining t$e records as 'ell as financial acco%nts and list
of assets and @eneficiaries properly- "ntermediate 5anc$ayat le4el and 4illage
le4el implementing a%t$orities are not a'are of t$ese sc$eme g%idelines
properly-
S"&&estions
#irst and foremost s%ggestion in t$is regard is t$at t$e selection of @eneficiaries
s$o%ld @e according to t$e proper g%ideline- All implementing agencies (<5! "5
L V5) s$o%ld @e trained properly in implementation of S8R9 sc$eme- ,$ere
s$o%ld @e a inspecting and monitoring a%t$ority for completed 'orAs and on
distri@%tion of food grains-
oases
BI+AR
,$e F%icA E4al%ation of Beneficiary Oriented (S6DS,) 5rograms of S8R9
co4ered Sa$arsa and Na'ada districts of Bi$ar-
Sa$arsa district of Bi$ar is flood prone area partic%larly d%ring t$e mont$s
from &%ne to A%g%st e4ery year- BlocAs Ma$is$i! Son@arsa! Na%$atta! SalA$%a!
Simri BaA$tiyarp%r and Banma "t$ari are $ig$ly affected @y floods- 5eople of
t$is area face tremendo%s diffic%lty in getting e4en one time meal- ,$is calls for
an %rgent need to taAe %p some acti4ities regarding t$e employment
generation! so t$at li4eli$ood of poor people co%ld @e ens%red partic%larly in
t$at period-
COVERAGE
Sa)arsa
,istrict
*a=ada
Total no. o"
Sc)edules
,istrict
2
1loc$s 3 3 +
4illa:e 5anc)a&ats
3! 3! +!
1ene"iciaries
Sc#e"!le" Castes
Sc#e"!les Tri&es
Total
180
0
8!
180
0
8!
360
0
3+!
*on <ene"iciaries +! 5! 2!
Assets
+! +! 2!
Total 334 334 ++8
LIMITATIONS
"n spite of @est efforts some limitations 'ere fo%nd d%ring t$e field'orA
regarding t$e co4erage and data collectionJ 0
"t 'as originally planned to carry t$e st%dy in 8aya L Sa$arsa districts of
t$e state- (istrict 8aya $as t$e $ig$est S6 pop%lation in t$e State! @%t it
'as fo%nd t$at no 'orA 'as taAen %p %nder t$e sc$eme d%ring t$e
reference period of t$e st%dy- 6onseE%ently 8aya district 'as replaced
@y Na'ada (t$e second $ig$est pop%lated district) 'it$ MinistryHs
consent-
Allocation of ("nds
oases
#%nds are released from state to district on t$e @asis of t$e B5 pop%lation-
Similar criteria are follo'ed for allocation of f%nds from districts to @locAs and
@locAs to 8ram 5anc$ayats-
Ann"al Action Plan
#orm%lation of ann%al action plan $as @een done at t$ree le4els-
,$e elected mem@ers of <ila panc$ayat organiCe a meeting 'it$ t$e $elp
of !uk"iya and 'ards mem@ers for t$e preparation of action plan at
district le4el!
"5 mem@ers organiCe t$e meeting 'it$ t$e $elp of 4illageHs M%A$iya L
Secretary to finaliCe t$e action plan at @locA le4el and
Village 5rad$an D M%A$iya organiCe an open gramsa@$a meeting 'it$
t$e $elp of mem@ers and 4illage secretary for t$e action plan-
Aaila)ilit# of (ood *rains
#ood grains 'ere not a4aila@le at t$e time of 'orA in @ot$ t$e districts-
According to t$e panc$ayat f%nctionaries!
,$e distri@%ting agency of food grains 'as non0cooperati4e-
Village panc$ayats $ad great diffic%lty d%e to t$e cost inc%rred in lifting
and transporting t$e food grains-
,$e @eneficiaries of t$is sc$eme reported a@o%t t$e poor E%ality of grains-
Beneficiaries generally get t$e grains from 5(S s$ops-
Beneficiaries 'ere selected in accordance 'it$ t$e 8o4ernmentHs prescri@ed
norm in @ot$ t$e district- Beneficiaries %nder t$e sc$eme $a4e @een selected
'it$ t$e $elp of B5 list and open gram sa@$a meeting- Most needy from B5
list 'ere interacted at t$e gram sa@$a meeting for t$e selection of @eneficiaries-
Non0infl%enceD recommendations 'ere reported for t$e selection of
@eneficiaries-
Assets Created
A%to RicAs$a'! Man%al RicAs$a'! 6o's! B%ffalos! 7and p%mps and ('elling
%nits 'ere t$e assets in great demand among t$e @eneficiaries of @ot$ t$e
districts- "ns%fficient employment opport%nity! ac%te s$ortage of drinAing
'ater and poor s$elters are t$e e2planation for t$e a@o4e assets in demand-
Beneficiaries opined t$at t$ese assets co%ld ens%re t$em a s%staina@le
employment and income generation for t$eir li4eli$ood-
Beneficiaries in Sa$arsa district $a4e acE%ired 'orA s$eds '$ere as $and
p%mps in Na'ada district- A great impact in @ot$ t$e district 'as o@ser4ed in
oases
terms of sol%tion of residence and accessD E%ality 'ater- =orA s$eds in Sa$arsa
district are @eing %sed as t$e s$elter-
5R"s L t$e comm%nity 'ere acti4ely in4ol4ed in t$e process of asset selection in
@ot$ t$e districts-
7o'e4er t$e role of @eneficiaries in Sa$arsa district 'as m%c$
enco%raging rat$er t$an Na'ada district-
((6 'as t$e final a%t$ority to decide t$e creation of assets at <5! "5 L
V5 le4el after t$e cons%ltation of engineers! c$airman of <5! B(Os and
BlocA 5ram%A$s-
*rieances of t'e Beneficiaries
8rie4ances sol%tion cell $as @een opened in @ot$ t$e district to listen t$e
pro@lem of @eneficiaries %nder t$e sc$eme- "t 'as noted t$at @eneficiaries of
Sa$ars$a district approac$ to 4illage secretary '$ere as 4illage 5rad$ans 'ere
approac$ed in Na'ada for registering t$eir grie4ances- ((6 of @ot$ districts
freE%ently organiCed t$e periodic meeting at all t$e t$ree le4els to redress t$e
pro@lems of @eneficiaries-
Vigilance and monitoring committee $as @een formed to monitor t$e sc$eme at
state! district and @locA le4els- Village secretary plays a role of monitor at 4illage
le4el- Alt$o%g$ t$ese committees are f%nctional at all le4el! t$e freE%ency of
monitoring from state le4el 'as less t$an t$e @locA and 4illage le4els- B(Os L
B%nior engineers @ot$ maAe freE%ently 4isits to t$eir respecti4e @locAs to
monitor t$e sc$eme-
Inco!e and E!+lo#!ent
No significant impact in terms of income 'as noticed in @ot$ Sa$arsa
and Na'ada districts from t$e acE%ired assets-
,$e program $ad a siCa@le impact in terms of employment generation
in Sa$arsa district for t$e reason t$at 'orA$o%se and 'orA s$eds 'ere
created-
"n Na'ada district! t$e e2tent and magnit%de of employment generation
'as fo%nd @eca%se $and p%mps do not promote any employment
generating economic acti4ity-
,"alit# of -ife
oases
"mpact in terms of E%ality life 'as enco%raging d%e to creation of 'orA s$eds
('$ic$ also ser4ed as a s$elter to t$em) and installation of $and p%mps-
Sanitary latrines $a4e ens%red dignity for 'omen-
"n a n%ts$ell! one can say t$at @eneficiaries of @ot$ t$e districts $a4e @een
@enefited %nder t$is sc$eme- ,$e gro%nd 'ater le4el in Na'ada is 4ery deep
and it is not 4ia@le for poor S6 comm%nity to install t$eir o'n $and p%mps-
"nstallation of $and p%mps (asset creation %nder t$e @eneficiary oriented
sc$eme) $as @enefited t$e r%ral poor of Na'ada district in terms of drinAing
'ater facility-
Co!!ents
Ot$er so%rces of income in @ot$ t$e districts are mainly
agric%lt%ralDnon0agric%lt%ral 'ages- Residents of t$e area migrate to
cities and %r@an areas in searc$ of li4eli$ood-
,$e E%ality and s%staina@ility of created assets 'as s%perior in Sa$arsa
as compared to Na'ada- #e' assets in Na'ada 'ere in non0'orAing
condition t$o%g$ t$ey 'ere installed in t$e pre4io%s year-
S+ecific .)serations
#e' specific o@ser4ations $a4e @een reported at (istrict! "5 L V5 le4el-
(%ring t$e disc%ssions 'it$ district officials it emerged t$at @ot$
districts lacA implementing staff! partic%larly B%nior engineers- Officials
at all t$e t$ree le4els! i-e- district! @locA and V5s! e2$i@ited poor co0
operation among t$emsel4es-
A total of ). 'orA s$eds! )0 $and p%mps! * sanitary latrines and )
le4elling of land 'ere created at t$e asset "n Sa$arsa district @y <ila
panc$ayat in t$e selected ; @locAs '$ere as ** 'orA s$eds! 20 $and
p%mps- )5 sanitary latrine and s$ops at @locA le4el- "t 'as o@ser4ed t$at
t$e 'orA done @y <5 'as @etter t$an "5 le4el-
Staff s$ortage and lacA of co0operation 'as percepti@le at <5 and "5
le4els in Na'ada- "5 le4el 'orAs 'ere fo%nd @etter t$an <5 le4el-
5; $and p%mps! 5 d'elling %nits! 5 animal s$eds 'ere created as an
asset @y <ila 5anc$ayat '$ere as 2;/ $and p%mps! 2 d'elling %nits and
1 ponds e2ca4ation 'ere created at "5 le4el in Na'ada-
AA@arp%r @locA in district Na'ada is dist%r@ed d%e to terror acti4ities!
'$ic$ is one of t$e ca%ses for t$e poor implementation of sc$eme-
,o concl%de t$e sc$eme $as impro4ed t$e E%ality of life of poor people in terms
of social safety in t$e districts! @%t t$ere is a need to maAe t$is sc$eme more
s%ccessf%l in terms of employment and income generation to ens%re economic
%pliftment of t$e poor and socially disad4antageo%s section of t$e society-
oases
C++ATTISGAR+
,$e E%icA e4al%ation st%dy in 6$$attisgar$ co4ered t$e S6 @eneficiaries in t'o
(istricts! (ante'ada and Raigar$- (istrict (ante'ada $as t$e $ig$est
percentage of S, pop%lation in t$e state! and district Raigar$ is close to t$e
state a4erage- 5arts of district Raigar$ is often affected @y floods- One s%c$
@locA! 5%ssa%r in t$is district 'as dreadf%lly destroyed @y floods- 7o%ses 'ere
dro'ned and damaged- ,$e district calls for t$e need for reconstr%ction of t$eir
d'elling %nits and pro4ision of employment-
COVERAGE
,ante=ada
,istrict
.ai:ar)
Total no. o"
Sc)edules
,istrict
2
1loc$s 2 3 5
4illa:e 5anc)a&ats
29 2 5!
1ene"iciaries
Sc#e"!le" Castes
Sc#e"!les Tri&es
Total
0
183
83
0
177
77
0
360
3+!
*on <ene"iciaries + 59 2!
Assets
+! +! 2!
Total 33+ 32 +57
LIMITATIONS
(ata for only t'o "5s 'as a4aila@le in district (ante'ala instead of t$ree! as per
t$e met$odology- 7ence!
Only 50 Village 5anc$ayats 'ere co4ered for t$e st%dy-
Ann"al Action Plan
Ann%al Action 5lans are prepared as per t$e g%idelines @%t its implementation
is not as per t$e AA5-
#ifty fi4e ()5-; per cent) inter4ie'ed @eneficiaries reported t$at t$ey got
food grains
Assets Created
5R"s in cons%ltation 'it$ t$e V5s select t$e assets and 'orAs-
oases
Assets liAe smoAeless c$%lla$s! 58! ponds! t%@e 'ells! spray p%mps!
'ater p%mps 'ere pro4ided %nder t$e indi4id%al @eneficiary component-
,$ese assets 'ere ne' and in good condition-
Ot$er @enefits for fis$eries s%c$ as fis$ seed and fis$ feed! assistance for
lac and crop prod%ction and repair of $o%ses 'ere also pro4ided %nder
t$is component-
5R"s are f%nctional in t$e State- V5s are cons%lted in selection of t$e assets-
No in4ol4ement of comm%nity or @eneficiaries in selection of assets-
(%e to lacA of ed%cation! a'areness among t$e people is lo' '$ic$ res%lts in
poor participation of t$e comm%nity in gram sa@$a meetings and disc%ssions-
5eriodical 4isits and inspections are carried o%t @y t$e state and district le4el
officials- BlocA and 4illage le4el a%t$orities also Aeep a tracA of t$e progress of
t$e 'orADasset-
.n Inco!e and E!+lo#!ent
Since t$is 22-5N s$are i-e- t$e @eneficiary oriented sc$eme of S8R9 'as
categorically not gi4en any importance d%ring t$e reference years for t$e st%dy!
impact of t$is component in partic%lar co%ld not @e identified-
All toget$er! t$ere is an increase in @ot$! t$e income and t$e E%ality of
life of t$e people-
Additional employment 'as generated t$ro%g$ ot$er 'orAs taAen %p %nder t$e
S8R9 sc$eme-
oases
GU)ARAT
,$e E%icA e4al%ation st%dy of t$e @eneficiary oriented program of S8R9 in
8%Barat co4ered t'o districts! (angs and Sa@arAant$a-
(istrict (ang is located in t$e so%t$ern part of 8%Barat state- ,$e district
@o%ndaries s%rro%nd state of Ma$aras$tra in t$e east and so%t$! and Valsad
and S%rat districts of t$e 8%Barat state in 'est and nort$ respecti4ely-
Accordingly to t$e 5op%lation 6ens%s! 200)! t$e total pop%lation of t$e district
is )1./2+ comprising of +)-*1 per cent r%ral and 1-52 per cent %r@an- Alt$o%g$
t$e district is spread o4er )/.* sE Ams! %r@an area is less t$an 1 Ams- #%rt$er!
according to t$e pop%lation cens%s 200)! t$e district $as ;)) 4illages in only )
@locA of t$e district- ,$e district is most %nderde4eloped in terms of road
net'orA as only *;-00 per cent of t$e total! are p%cca roads- Also! )1 per cent of
t$e total 4illages are co4ered @y post L telegrap$ offices- "mportantly! medical
facilities are a4aila@le in .+ per cent of t$e 4illages! ed%cation facilities in ++ per
cent of t$e 4illages! drinAing 'ater s%pply in ++ per cent of t$e 4illages and
electricity s%pply in )00 per cent of t$e 4illages- #rom t$e point of 4ie' from
employment and income generation! district $as ric$ forest reso%rces spread
o4er in +)2)) $a of land- ,$ese forest reso%rces $a4e tim@er and non0tim@er
reso%rces and pro4ide immense opport%nities for employment generation
t$ro%g$ forest @ased ind%stries- "t 'ill @e pertinent to point o%t $ere t$at
agric%lt%re crop prod%ction s%ffers on acco%nt of 4ery limited irrigation
facilities spread o4er in only 50 $a of land- "t may @e pointed o%t t$at
agric%lt%re in t$e district is mostly rain0fed and district recei4es $ig$ ann%al
rainfall from 10 to )00 cm- Since t$e entire district is $illy! snidden c%lti4ation
is 'idely practiced in t$e district @y t$e farmers- "t may $o'e4er @e pointed o%t
t$at a@o%t .0 per cent of t$e pop%lation in t$e district is ed%cated and offers
eno%g$ scope for sAill de4elopment among t$e people for self0employment
4ent%res-
Sa@arAant$a district is s%rro%nded @y RaBast$an state on nort$ern side and
@o%ndaries of t$e districts of Me$sana! 8and$inagar and (o$ad of 8%Barat- ,$e
total geograp$ical area of t$e district is /;+0 sE Ams- 7o'e4er! Ara4ali $ill
ranges in t$e nort$ of t$e district pro4ide a $illy terrain- Alt$o%g$ t$ere are ;0
rainy days in a year! total rainfall on an a4erage in t$e district is only .++ mm-
According to t$e 5op%lation 6ens%s! 200)! total pop%lation of t$e district is
20-1; laA$ comprising of 1+-)5 per cent r%ral and )0-15 per cent %r@an-
Sa@arAant$a district is predominantly @acA'ard class dominated 'it$ t$e 4ery
$ig$ percentage of non 'orAers (.) per cent)- Among t$e 'orAers! c%lti4ators
are only ). per cent in t$e district- and %tiliCation pattern of t$e district
indicated t$at only 5. per cent of t$e total area is c%lti4ated and food crops
dominated t$e cropping pattern (/5 per cent)- "mportantly t$e e2tent of forest
co4ered in t$e district is )/ per cent of t$e total geograp$ical area and t$ere are
se4eral maBor and minor forest prod%cts a4aila@le from t$e nat%ral reso%rces-
Similarly t$e district $as ric$ li4estocA and mineral reso%rces- (espite a@o4e!
oases
$o%se$olds @elo' t$e po4erty line accordingly to 6ens%s )++/ are )!/1!.00 and
large n%m@er of families $a4e ann%al income of less t$an Rs- 5000-
COVERAGE
,an:s
,istrict
Sa<ar$ant)a
Total no. o"
Sc)edules
,istrict
2
1loc$s 3 4
4illa:e 5anc)a&ats
3! 3! +!
1ene"iciaries
Sc#e"!le" Castes
Sc#e"!les Tri&es
Total
0
180
8!
0
180
8!
0
360
3+!
*on <ene"iciaries +! +! 2!
Assets
+! +! 2!
Total 33 333 ++4
LIMITATIONS
/eficienc# in Sa!+le Si0e of )loc12
"n (angs district! since t$ere is a single @locA KA$'a! only one @locA 'as
co4ered for t$e st%dy-
,$e sample siCe 'as as per t$e met$odology in Sa@arAant$a district in terms of
co4erage of BlocAs! 8ram 5anc$ayats! Beneficiaries! Non Beneficiaries and
Assets-
Allocation of ("nds
#%nds are allocated @y t$e district a%t$orities to t$e BlocAs and @y t$e BlocAs to
t$e gram panc$ayats @ased on t$e total f%nds a4aila@le! total n%m@er of @locAs!
n%m@er of 4illages and t$e composition of B5 pop%lation-
Pre+aration of Ann"al Action Plan 3AAP4
AA5 is prepared @y t$e (istrict (e4elopment Officer and (ep%ty (istrict
(e4elopment Officer in cons%ltation 'it$ t$e 6ollector-
AA5 is prepared on t$e @asis of geograp$ical location of t$e district! needs of
t$e r%ral pop%lation and s%staina@ility of t$e assets-
,ec$nical ad4ice and $elp in t$e preparation of @%dget is also taAen from t$e
4ario%s departments of t$e <ila 5anc$ayat! "rrigation (epartment! #orest
(epartment! (epartment of Roads L B%ildings etc- 6are is $o'e4er taAen to
form%late a sc$eme t$at can $elp in generating additional income generation
for t$e @eneficiaries- 6are is also taAen t$at t$e @enefits of t$e sc$eme are
oases
eE%ally spread in all tal%Aas and 4illages of t$e district o4er a period of time-
Besides a@o4e! gram panc$ayats and 'orAs are identified along 'it$ estimated
e2pendit%res on 'ages L materials and potential mandays of employment-
#%rt$er! implementation agency is also identified for eac$ gram panc$ayat- ,$e
@%dgeted amo%nt and 'orAs are appro4ed @y t$e general @ody of t$e <ila
panc$ayat on t$e @asis of recommendation of gram sa@$a-
Aaila)ilit# of (ood&rains
"n t$e districts! foodgrains consisting of '$eat and rice are distri@%ted-
7o'e4er! in Sa@arAant$a district only '$eat is distri@%ted to t$e @eneficiaries-
(isc%ssion 'it$ some of t$e 4illage f%nctionaries and @eneficiaries $o'e4er!
indicated t$e time gap @et'een recei4ing t$e co%pons for allocation of t$e
foodgrains @y t$e a%t$orities and act%al recei4ing of t$e foodgrains t$ro%g$
distri@%ting agency- ,$is is on acco%nt of pro@lems of transportation of
foodgrains from t$e (istrict 7eadE%arter to t$e BlocAs and BlocAs to t$e gram
panc$ayats- =$eat and rice a4aila@le to t$e @eneficiaries 'as of good E%ality
$ence @eneficiary did not face any pro@lem-
,$e selection of t$e @eneficiaries %nder t$e sc$eme 4aries from district to
district-
"n district (angs! N8Os 'ere in4ol4ed in t$e creation of assets @y t$e
district administration- ,$ese N8Os specifically %ndertooA land le4elling
'orA on t$e agric%lt%ral farms of t$e c%lti4ators-
Alt$o%g$ t$ere 'as an in4ol4ement of district and @locA le4el officials!
t$e gram panc$ayat f%nctionaries and @eneficiaries 'ere not in4ol4ed in
t$e decision maAing of land le4elling-
#%rt$er! @eneficiaries also did not recei4e any money or foodgrains on t$is
acco%nt- "n fact t$e land le4elling 'orAs 'ere %ndertaAen @y t$e N8Os t$ro%g$
deployment of mac$ine and $ence no process 'as in4ol4ed in selection of
@eneficiary in (angs district-
"n Sa@arAant$a district! t$e maBor 'orA %ndertaAen %nder t$e sc$eme
'as e2ca4ation of ponds-
Beneficiaries and 4illage le4el f%nctionaries 'ere directly in4ol4ed in t$e
decision maAing process in t$is district-
Assets Created
(isc%ssion 'it$ t$e @eneficiaries in district (angs indicated t$at only t$ose
assets 'ere planned %nder t$e sc$eme! '$ic$ co%ld pro4ide t$em reg%lar
income- "n t$is conte2t t$e creation of assets @y <ila 5anc$ayat and BlocA
officials s%c$ as rose 8n 98n<o p:8n>8>;ons 'ere preferred @y t$e
@eneficiaries- ,$is is on acco%nt of t$e fact t$at prod%cts a4aila@le from t$ese
oases
assets $ad a ready marAet- 7o'e4er! t$e @eneficiaries also preferred
9@sBroo9 =@:>;D8>;on and Der9;5=@:>@re- "t 'as reported @y t$e
@eneficiaries t$at c%lti4ation and marAeting of m%s$room 'as easy as
compared to rose and mango plantations- "n fact! for marAeting of rose!
@eneficiaries 'ere reE%ired to tra4el long distance in t$e neig$@o%ring state of
Ma$aras$tra ()/0 Ams to reac$ NasiA) or to S%rat ()25 Ams-)-
"n Sa@arAant$a district! @eneficiaries 'ere @enefited t$ro%g$ =re8>;on o?
pons to increase t$e a4aila@ility of 'ater @ot$ for agric%lt%ral farms and
cattle rearing- ,$is is on acco%nt of t$e fact t$at t$e a4erage rainfall in t$e
district is only a@o%t .50 mm and erratic in some years ca%sing ac%te 'ater
s$ortage-
"n (angs district t$e in4ol4ement of 5anc$ayat RaB "nstit%tions 'as 4irt%ally
a@sent and random selection of @eneficiaries 'as %ndertaAen @y t$e N8Os
appointed @y (istrict and BlocA Officials- 7o'e4er! 'orAs 'ere selected @y <ila
5anc$ayats and BlocA Officials- "mportantly! different N8Os $ad specialist staff
for 4ario%s acti4itiesG 8R"SAV! for tree plantation and rose c%lti4ation! ANR(E
#o%ndation for m%s$room c%lti4ation and E>AV9A A("VAS" V">AS
MAN(A for 4ermi0c%lt%re- ,$ese N8Os %ndertaAe reg%lar training programs
for t$e @enefits of t$e @eneficiaries and reg%larly inform a@o%t t$e progress of
training program and creation of assets to t$e (istrict and BlocA Officials-
"n Sa@arAant$a district! no 'orAs 'ere %ndertaAen @y (istrict R%ral
(e4elopment Agency ((R(A) %nder t$e segment of Stream0" (20N <5 'orAs)-
7o'e4er! %nder t$e stream0" (;0N BlocA sc$eme)! 'orAs 'ere %ndertaAen @y
BlocA Officials- 5anc$ayati RaB "nstit%tions 'ere acti4ely in4ol4ed in t$e process
of @ot$! selection of @eneficiaries as 'ell as assets- ,$e role of contractors 'as
4irt%ally a@sent in t$e creation of assets- "t appears t$at constr%ction of ponds
$as created fa4o%ra@le impact on increasing t$e a4aila@ility of 'ater-
Beneficiaries in @ot$ t$e districts faced pro@lems of time gap in o@taining t$e
co%pon and act%al receipt of foodgrains- 8enerally t$e time gap is of 1 to )*
days-
(istrict (e4elopment Officers and 5roBect (irectors in @ot$ t$e districts made
4isits to t$e selected 8ram 5anc$ayats to contact t$e @eneficiaries- BlocA
Officials also 4isited t$e area- 7o'e4er! N8Os directly reported to <ila
5anc$ayat and BlocA Officials on t$e progress of t$e 'orAs-
oases
"t may @e mentioned t$at in 4ie' of t$e 4ery nat%re of t$e 'orAs! t$e impact of
land le4elling and constr%ction of ponds 'o%ld @e gainf%l only for t$e
s%@seE%ent year- Ne4ert$eless!
5romotion of rose gardening $as $elped @eneficiaries to earn Rs- 25 to
Rs- .0 per day from sale of rose flo'ers for a period of )0 to )2 days-
Beneficiaries engaged in 4ermi0c%lt%re in '$ic$ reprod%ction cycle is
completed in *0 to 50 days are a@le to earn Rs- *0 to Rs- ))0 per day!
spread o4er a 'orA-
Since t$e N8Os t$emsel4es proc%re m%s$rooms from t$e @eneficiaries! t$e
income ranges from Rs- 10 to Rs- ).0 per day! d%ring t$e period of *0 to 50
days-
Co!!ents
"n 4ie' of t$e location of t$e district (angs! t$e 'orAs %ndertaAen %nder t$e
sc$eme @y t$e (istrict and BlocA Officials is appreciated @y t$e 4illage
f%nctionaries as 'ell as @y t$e @eneficiaries- M%s$room c%lti4ation! rose
plantation and 4ermi0c%lt%re are income generating acti4ities in t$e s$ort term-
7o'e4er! land le4elling operations carried o%t @y mac$ines 'ill $elp
@eneficiaries in increasing t$e area %nder crops and s%@seE%ently increasing
t$e crop prod%ction- ,$e a@o4e acti4ities 'ill pro4e @eneficial for t$e
@eneficiaries in increasing t$eir income le4el! impro4ements in t$e standard of
li4ing and c$ecAing o%t migration of t$e @eneficiaries- Alt$o%g$ @eneficiaries
do sometimes face t$e pro@lem in t$e marAeting of prod%cts! t$e N8O $elp
@eneficiaries in impro4ing t$e E%ality of t$e prod%cts and sorting o%t t$e
pro@lems of marAeting- "t may per$aps @e said t$at t$e program %nder t$e
sc$eme $as @enefited t$e mem@ers of t$e S6DS, comm%nity in pro4iding
employment opport%nities and increasing t$e income le4el- 6ertainly t$e
meas%res %ndertaAen %nder t$e sc$eme 'ill impro4e t$e E%ality of t$eir li4es-
Similarly in Sa@arAant$a district! constr%ction of ponds for 'ater storage 'ill
pro4e @eneficial to t$e mem@ers of t$e 4illage comm%nity in increasing 'ater
s%pplies for agric%lt%ral farms and cattle pop%lation- Anot$er important
de4elopment 'as 'it$ regard to rise in t$e 'ater ta@le in t$e adBoining areas of
t$e ponds constr%cted '$ic$ 'ill $elp in increasing t$e drinAing 'ater s%pply
for t$e $%man pop%lation-
oases
)+ARK+AND
5as$c$imi Sing$@$%mi and 8%mla districts 'ere co4ered in &$arA$and for t$e
e4al%ation of Beneficiary Oriented (S6DS,) 5rograms of S8R9-
COVERAGE
5as)c)i%i Sin:)<)u%i
,istrict
6u%la
Total no. o"
Sc)edules
,istrict 2
1loc$s
3 3 +
4illa:e 5anc)a&ats ! ! !
1ene"iciaries
Sc#e"!le" Castes
Sc#e"!les Tri&es
Total
0
140
4!
0
180
8!
0
320
32!
*on <ene"iciaries
44 +! !4
Assets 44 +! !4
Total 232 3!4 53+
LIMITATIONS
No V5 sc$ed%le co%ld @e administered d%e to its complete a@sence in
@ot$ t$e districts
Only 20 @eneficiaries 'ere co4ered from @locA 8$ats$ila in district 5%r@i
Sing$@$%mi (as against .0 in a @locA as per t$e met$odology)! @eca%se
t$e @locA and district officials co%ld pro4ide a list of B%st 20 @eneficiaries-
Only * non @eneficiary sc$ed%les and asset sc$ed%les (as against 20)
'ere can4assed in t$e same @locA-
Since 85DV5 is not 'orAing in @ot$ t$e districts! no 85DV5 sc$ed%led
co%ld @e can4assed-
SC+EME IMPLEMENTATION , ROLE OF PRIS
Allocation of ("nds
,$e allocation of f%nds from district to @locAs 'as as per t$e laid g%idelines-
B%t no pattern 'as follo'ed for t$e allocation-
,$e amo%nt allocated for t$e similar asset also 4aried across districts and
@locAs- "n Be$ragora! 8$ats$ila and &ams$edp%r @locAs of 5%r@i Sing$@$%mi
(istrict t$e sanctioning amo%nt for t$e constr%ction of 'ell and pond 'as Rs-
*0!000D0 and Rs- .0!000D0 respecti4ely and '$ereas at 8$ag$ra! Sisai and
oases
8%mla @locAs of 8%mla (istrict! only Rs- 25!000D0 'as sanctioned for t$e
constr%ction of 'ell-
7%ndred and t'enty t'o @eneficiaries (;1-) per cent) reported t$at t$ey
did not get food grains- ,$e remaining 2;1 @eneficiaries (.)-+ per cent)
reportedly got food grains 4arying from .Ag to )0E%itals
,$e @eneficiary is selected t$ro%g$ t$e 8ramsa@$a in @ot$ t$e s%r4eyed
districts-
7o'e4er! t$e land records and t$e B5 card of t$e @eneficiaries are
4erified @y t$e @locA officials at t$e time of selection-
,$e selection of t$e @eneficiary 'as done not according to t$e need
@ased approac$G $ence t$e S8R9 sc$eme 'as @eing distri@%ted to
persons not act%ally in need-
"nfl%ence of intermediaries 'as strongly felt in d%ring t$e process of
selection of t$e @eneficiary! releasing t$e sanctioned amo%nt t$ro%g$ t$e
@locA and t$e @anA and till t$e completion of t$e created assets-
Assets Created
,$e assets created %nder t$e sc$eme 'ere
o G8@sB8:8 (=oC5sBe)* p;<5s>"* po@:>r" sBe* =ons>r@=>;on
o? Ce::s* pons 8n :8>r;ne in district 5%r@i Sing$@$%mi and
o Ce::s in 8%mla district
#or t$e constr%ction of t$e ga%s$ala! only t$e 'alls and roof is made as
s$ed! 'it$ no ot$er fi2t%res s%c$ as door and 'indo's- "n fe' cases! t$e
@eneficiaries are %sing t$e 8a%s$ala as t$eir li4ing room-
6onsidering t$e land constrain in district 8%mla! only 'ells 'ere
sanctioned- ,$e B5 @eneficiaries d%g t$e 'ell! @%t d%e to s$ortage of
money co%ld not constr%ct t$e parapet of t$e 'ell-
,$e sanctioned cost for all t$e 4ario%s assets 'as less t$an t$e act%al
cost- As a res%lt many assets are left incomplete-
,$e assets 'ere created @y @eneficiaries t$emsel4es in 8%mla district!
@%t in 5%r@i Sing$@$%mi it 'as done @y t$e local contractors of t$e
concerned @locAs-
oases
5R"s are non e2istent in &$arA$and as t$e election of 5R"s %nder /*
t$
6onstit%tional Amendment is yet to taAe place- ,$erefore!
5R"s $a4e no role in S8R9 or any ot$er r%ral de4elopment programs-
(%e to t$e caste 4ariations in t$e society! t$e in4ol4ement of t$e comm%nity in
t$e process of t$e asset creation 'as negligi@le
,$e process of dis@%rsing t$e cas$ for t$e asset creation 'as time taAing and
lengt$y-
,$ere is no systematic monitoring system for t$e sc$eme @eca%se of t$e
a@sence of 5R"s- BlocA officials also do not pay m%c$ attention regarding t$e
completion of t$e constr%cted asset- ,$ere 'as no reg%lar follo' %p @y t$e
@locA officials neit$er to t$e created asset and nor to t$e @eneficiaries-
oases
MAD+YA PRADES+
DEMOGRAP+IC PROFILE
According to t$e 6ens%s report of year )++) t$e total families in Bar'ani
district is a@o%t );/;2*- Among t$em B5 families are /1.1+! S6 D S, are ..2+
and .)2+0 respecti4ely- ,$e OB6s acco%nt for +);5! minorities )220! landless
;11+)! agric%lt%ral land $olders 25)15 and semi0agriland $olders )*.);
$o%se$olds-
"n S$eop%r district t$e total families is a@o%t 12/20- Among t$em t$e n%m@er
of B5 families is 21;15! S6 D S, are 50/5 and )2//) respecti4ely! t$e OB6s
acco%nt for )2//)! minorities 12+0! landless 5/;! agric%lt%ral land $olders
).1)0 and semi agriland $olders a@o%t //0. $o%se $olds-
SC+EME IMPLEMENTATION
Role of PRIs in t'e I!+le!entation of t'e Pro&ra!s
,$e e2pected role of 5R"s in t$e districts co4ered 'as fo%nd to @e 'eaA as far as
t$e e2ec%tion of t$e program is concernedG partic%larly t$e indi4id%al
@eneficiary oriented program for S6 D S,- 5oliticiCation of t$ese @odies is also
$ampering t$e @enefits to @e gi4en to t$e B5-
No@ody is @ot$ered to ad$ere e4en partially to t$e g%idelines t$at are gi4en @y
t$e Ministry- ,$is s$o's t$at no effecti4e comm%nication met$ods are @eing
follo'ed at t$e (istrict and @locA le4els-
,$e mem@ers of 5R"s need to @e gi4en training and orientation on E%arterly
@asis @y t$e designated officials at t$e &anpad and <ila le4els so t$at t$ey are
a@le to create a'areness and conscio%sness among t$e people regarding t$e
ongoing programs in t$eir area-
Process of Selection of 5or1s and Beneficiaries
,$e selection of 'orAs in some areas 'as seen %ndesira@le as in S$eop%r
district- Beneficiaries $a4e @een gi4en OpattaP %nder c$arnoi lands t$at is
sit%ated in t$e far off places! especially in B%ngles- ,$e land is %nprod%cti4e!
%nirrigated! and stony- "ndi4id%al @eneficiaries are %nliAely to accr%e m%c$
@enefit from t$ose assets-
"n Bar'ani @locA of t$e district! d'elling %nits 'it$o%t toilets 'ere gi4en to
indi4id%als- Ot$er 'orAs liAe fencing! land de4elopment and le4elling $a4e @een
taAen %p and cas$ and grain 'ere made a4aila@le- "n Seond$a @locA of t$e same
district none of t$e indi4id%als $a4e @een @enefited ($ence no sc$ed%les co%ld
@e filled %p from t$is @locA)-
oases
Inole!ent of Co!!"nities
8ram Sa@$a meetings do taAe place @%t t$e record maintenance is poor t$at
can @e o4ercome 'it$ reg%lar training and s%pport of one ed%cated person-
5roper mec$anisms need to @e de4eloped to ens%re ma2im%m participation of
t$e people for '$ic$ t$e interpersonal comm%nication tec$niE%es m%st @e
strengt$ened- A @rigade of yo%ng! ed%cated 4ol%nteers @e created to moti4ate
people to attend t$ese meetings and spread t$e information to t$e @eneficiaries-
%onitorin& of t'e Pro&ra! and ("nd %ana&e!ent
Monitoring of all s%c$ program m%st @e carried o%t @y an official dep%ted
e2cl%si4ely from t$e <ila 5anc$ayat and any N8O D 6BO on a E%arterly @asis at
8ram 5anc$ayat le4el and at BlocA le4el to see 4isi@le c$ange in t$e grassroots-
,$is e2ercise also 'ill $elp t$e officials to maintain and %se t$e f%nds properly-
(%e recognition D a'ards m%st @e gi4en to officials '$o are sincerely looAing
after t$e program at all le4els- ,$e N8Os D 6BOs m%st @e s%pported @y t$e
Ministry directly to see 4isi@le c$ange in t$e program implementation-
OBSERVATIONS
"ndi4id%als are @eing @enefited @y cas$ or grain for t$e 'orA t$ey do eit$er for
t$emsel4es or for t$e 4illage de4elopment (indirect @enefit)- ,$is is a 4isi@le
c$ange o@ser4ed e4en if for a s$ort d%ration- ,$is 'ill also maAe t$em more
c%rio%s to a4ail @enefits from s%c$ programs t$at come to t$eir 4illage and t$ey
'ill @e interested to go to t$e 4illage panc$ayat often to enE%ire-
PROBLEMS AND SUGGESTIONS
Malpractices in t$e preparation of B5 list s$o%ld @e 'eeded o%t- ,$e list
s$o%ld @e co%nter c$ecAed @y t$e BlocA le4el officials prefera@ly 'it$ t$e
s%pport of some o%tside N8O D 6BO- On t$e @asis of t$e final list t$e 8reen
6ard s$o%ld @e e2cl%si4ely gi4en to t$e people li4ing @elo' po4erty line
(disparity is seen)- As and '$en t$e B5 families cross t$e po4erty line to t$e
A5 side! t$eir 6ards s$o%ld @e deposited to t$e &anpad Office to o@tain an A5
card-
"t is o@ser4ed t$at t$e people of t$e A5 category are mostly a4ailing t$e
@enefits of s%c$ programs-
Similarly! t$e e4al%ation of t$e assets m%st @e carried @y t$e official of t$e "5
le4el (prefera@ly @y a tec$nical person) 'it$ t$e s%pport of an agency (N8O D
6BO) t$at is 'orAing for t$e o4erall de4elopment of t$e 4illage- ,$e e4al%ation
'orA m%st not @e entr%sted to t$e 8ram Sa@$a- 7o'e4er! maintenance of t$e
assets created! 'it$ adeE%ate f%nds! s$o%ld @e entr%sted to t$em-
oases
MA+ARAS+TRA
COVERAGE
*andur<ar
,istrict
*anded
Total no. o"
Sc)edules
,istrict 2
1loc$s
3 3 +
1ene"iciaries
Sc#e"!le" Castes
Sc#e"!les Tri&es
Total
75 !5 28!
*on <ene"iciaries
+! +2 22
Assets + 59 2!
Total 33! 2+! 59!
LIMITATIONS
Only 210 @eneficiaries co%ld @e co4ered as against t$e target of ;.0-
"n t$e t$ree selected @locAs of Nanded! '$ere ma2im%m @eneficiaries 'ere
concentrated! only ))0 S, @eneficiaries 'ere assisted d%ring t$e reference years
of '$ic$ only )05 co%ld @e inter4ie'ed- Similarly! in Nand%r@ar too! only )/5
@eneficiaries 'ere a4aila@le-
Allocation of ("nds
"n Nanded district! t$e met$od of allocating f%nds from state to district! district
to @locA and @locA to gram panc$ayats is as per t$e g%idelines! sanctioned
'orAs and its progress-
"n Nand%r@ar district! (R(A releases f%nds to 4ario%s departments liAe
(istrict #orest Officer! &oint (irector of Social #orestry! S%perintendent of
Agric%lt%re! and E2ec%ti4e Engineer Minor "rrigation 5roBect as per sanctioned
estimates- #rom (istrict offices f%nds flo' to ,al%Ea e4el '$o is t$e
implementing and S%per4isory Agency for 'orAs- Mostly! t$e f%nds %nder
Stream 0 " are released to line department offices-
Minor "rrigation 'orAs liAe deepening of 'ells is done @y @eneficiaries! '$o are
paid 'ages-
oases
Pre+aration of Ann"al Action Plan
Before t$e preparation of Action 5lan! t$e 'orAs are earmarAed and
action plan is prepared-
,$e lac%na is t$at action plans are not finaliCed @efore t$e starting of t$e year
@%t normally done in t$e )
st
F%arter-
"n Nand%r@ar district! good E%ality of food grains is made a4aila@le t$ro%g$
ration co%pons '$ic$ are distri@%ted to la@o%rers for food grains-
(%e to delay in lifting of foodgrains from godo'ns @y t$e ration s$op0
Aeepers! t$e la@o%rers do not get foodgrains on time-
"n Nand%r@ar district t$ere are no indi4id%al @eneficiaries-
"n Nanded district alt$o%g$ t$e selection of @eneficiary is done @y 8ram
Sa@$a! t$e 4oice of 6$airmanD Sarpanc$ pre4ails in selection- ,$erefore!
gen%ine B5 @eneficiaries are depri4ed in most of t$e cases-
Assets Created
"n Nand%r@ar (istrict 22-5N f%nds of t$e indi4id%al @eneficiary sc$eme are not
gi4en for t$e indi4id%al economic acti4ity-
Assets created from t$e indi4id%al @eneficiary of sc$eme f%nds are
so=;8: ?ores>r" 8n n@rser" p:8n>8>;ons on =o99on :8n! rat$er
t$an for indi4id%al @eneficiary-
5R"s play an important role in selection of assets-
MaBor 'orAs liAe n%rseries and tree plantations are selected @y t$e
(R(A of co%rse in cons%ltation 'it$ Village 5anc$ayats for common
'orAs- #or indi4id%al assets @eneficiaries! and for comm%nity assets! t$e
4illage panc$ayats and intermediate panc$ayats taAe decision-
#ood grains D 'ages are not gi4en in time-
oases
No proper monitoring-
Monitoring System is not effecti4e at State e4el-
"n Nand%r@ar and Nanded districts! assets liAe irrigation 'ells $a4e made some
indirect impact on t$e incomes of t$e @eneficiaries-
,ree 5lantation Sc$eme is not %sef%l for getting D o@taining indi4id%al
@enefit to t$e @eneficiary- ,$e @enefits of plantation o%tp%t recei4ed
after 1 to )0 years-
Co!!ents
According to t$e information recei4ed from (R(A! t$e 'orAs %nder
22-5N for S, 6ategory 'as sponsored to #orest (epartment in
AAAalA%'a BlocA! @%t '$en personally 4isited to t$e concerned officer at
@locA! $e denied s%c$ 'orA taAen %p in #orest area- As s%c$! a@o%t *0 to
50 'orAs reported @y (R(A 'ere ne4er traced in t$e area- ,$e
information recei4ed from (R(A a@o%t 22-5N 'orAs 'as 'it$o%t
indicating t$e names of t$e @eneficiary- As s%c$! 'e 'ere %na@le to find
o%t t$e reE%ired n%m@er of @eneficiary %nder t$e S%r4ey 'orA-
"n some of t$e cases t$o%g$ t$e (R(A reported t$e assistance gi4en to
S, @eneficiaries %nder 22-5N category! @%t '$en 4isited to t$e 4illages! it
'as o@ser4ed t$at t$e f%nds to t$e @eneficiaries 'ere not released-
"n Nanded (istrict t$e 'orAs of "rrigation 'ells is of satisfactory nat%re-
"n Nanded (istrict t$e @eneficiaries are gi4en @enefit according to t$eir
needs
#%nding is done 'it$ political @iases at (istrict and "- 5- e4el rat$er
t$an need @ase- 7ence! selection is left 'it$ a E%estion marA-
oases
NAGALAND
,$e F%icA E4al%ation of Beneficiary Oriented (S6DS,) 5rograms of S8R9
co4ered t$e >o$ima and 5$eA districts of Nagaland-
,$e State of Nagaland 'as formally ina%g%rated on (ecem@er )st! )+.;! as t$e
).t$ State of t$e "ndian :nion- "t is @o%nded @y Assam in t$e =est! Myanmar
(B%rma) on t$e east! Ar%nac$al 5rades$ and part of Assam on t$e Nort$ and
Manip%r in t$e So%t$- ,$e State consists of ele4en Administrati4e (istricts!
in$a@ited @y ). maBor tri@es along 'it$ ot$er s%@0tri@es- Eac$ tri@e is distinct
in c$aracter from t$e ot$er in terms of c%stoms! lang%age and dress-
COVERAGE
3o)i%a
,istrict
5)e$
Total no. o"
Sc)edules
,istrict 2
1loc$s
3 4 7
1ene"iciaries
Sc#e"!le" Castes
Sc#e"!les Tri&es
Total
0
0
!
0
0
!
0
0
!
*on <ene"iciaries
! ! !
Assets +! +! 2!
Total 94 95 89
LIMITATIONS
,$e model sc$eme of S8R9 $as not @een follo'ed and t$e implementation $as
@een in a different form altoget$er- ,$ere are no indi4id%al @eneficiaries ("B) at
all %nder S8R9 sc$eme in entire Nagaland- ,$e c%stomary la' of Nagaland
%p$olds t$e comm%nity as a '$ole and '$ate4er @enefits are comingG t$ey are
%tiliCed for t$e entire 4illage and not for any single indi4id%al- ,$e assets are
created @y t$e comm%nity! for t$e comm%nity- ,$erefore!
No @eneficiary 'as fo%nd for t$e indi4id%al @eneficiary sc$eme of S8R9
No non0@eneficiary co%ld @e co4ered for t$e s%r4ey
,$e assets co4ered for t$e st%dy are t$e comm%nity assets- ,$ese assets
'ere created 'it$ "B component i-e- Stream0"-
"n 5$eA district fo%r @locAs 'ere co4ered- E4en t$o%g$ one of t$e @locAs!
>iAr%ma $as only eig$t 4illages! it is t$e most pop%lated one- "n @locA
Mel%ri only / 4illages are co4ered instead of )0 d%e to sec%rity pro@lem-
oases
Most of t$e 4illages are far fl%ng! remote and @ordering B%rma- (%e to
t$ese reasons t$e reE%isite sample of ;0 4illages co%ld @e co4ered from
fo%r @locAs-
"n >o$ima (istrict t$ere is no allocation of f%nds against $o%se $olds in
200;0200* as it $as @een already released as a special component in
20020200;- ,$is district recei4ed only food grain allocation for 200;0
200*- (%e to t$is reason! in 6$iepo@oCo% BlocA no sc$emes $a4e @een
sanctioned for t$at year- "n t$e same year &$aAama and ,seminy%
@locAs! sc$emes $a4e @een sanctioned against food grains only-
NAGALAND AND T+E PRIs
Nagaland is a state 'it$ predominantly tri@al pop%lation and t$ey $a4e a $ig$ly
decentraliCed system of administration- ,$ere is no 5anc$ayati RaB system as
s%c$! rat$er t$ey $a4e ,ri@al 6o%ncils- ,$e c%stomary la' is still 4ery strong
and is 4ery m%c$ practiced- ,ri@es maintain t$eir isolation and t$ey 'orA as a
comm%nity- Eac$ 4illage comprises >$els or clans and eac$ A$el $as a $ead
Ano'n as gom@ara- ,$e gom@aras are %s%ally t$e senior most mem@er of t$e
A$el and t$ey are representati4e of t$e entire clan- ,$ey play a maBor role in t$e
administration of t$e 4illage and t$eir decision is a@iding on entire A$el- ,$ey
are also part of t$e Village 6o%ncil-
6illa&e Co"ncil
E4ery 4illage $as Village 6o%ncil $eaded @y an elected 6$airman- ,$ere is also a
Secretary and ot$er mem@ers- ,$ey form 4ario%s S%@06ommittees for efficient
management and administration of t$e 4illage-
7o'e4er! all r%ral de4elopment sc$emes are @eing implemented @y t$e V;::8<e
DeDe:op9en> Bo8rs (V(B)! %nder s%per4ision of t$e (R(A t$ro%g$ its
s%@sidiary agencies liAe B(Os- V(B is a %niE%e form of administration in
Nagaland '$ere t$e administration is $ig$ly decentraliCed and reac$ing t$e
grass root le4els-
Salient feat"res of 6illa&e /eelo+!ent Boards 36/B4
V(Bs incepted and started f%nctioning as t$e primary grass0root le4el
de4elopment organiCation in t$e state of Nagaland in )+10- 5rimary o@Becti4e
of t$e V(Bs is to ac$ie4e de0centralised planning t$ro%g$ in4ol4ement of R%ral
6omm%nity- ,$ey f%nction %nder t$e control of 6$airman of V(B and t$e
Village 6o%ncils- V(Bs are responsi@le for all de4elopment acti4ities! proper
f%nds %tiliCation! selection! implementation and monitoring of sc$emes- ,$e
(ep%ty 6ommissioner of t$e district is t$e E20officio 6$airman of t$e Village
(e4elopment Boards-
,$e 4illagers are pro4ided f%nds t$ro%g$ t$e V(Bs! on t$e @asis of n%m@er of
$o%se$olds of e4ery recogniCed 4illage- ,$e V(Bs on receipt of t$e 4illage
allocation! select t$e sc$emes on priority reE%irements! '$ic$ are t$en
s%@mitted t$ro%g$ t$e B(Os to t$e c$airman V(B for screening and appro4al-
oases
/"ties of 6/Bs
,$e Village (e4elopment Board also! s%@Bect to s%c$ directi4es as t$e Village
6o%ncil may iss%e from time to time! form%late sc$emes! programs of action for
t$e (e4elopment and progress of t$e Village as a '$ole! or gro%ps of
indi4id%als in t$e 4illage! or for indi4id%als in t$e 4illage! eit$er %sing t$e
4illage comm%nity or ot$er f%nds- "n @rief! t$e V(Bs
"dentify L select priority @ased sc$emes t$ro%g$ 8eneral @ody meeting-
Ens%re gro%nd implementation of programs
Ens%re comm%nity participation
Ens%re transparency L proper f%nd %tiliCation
Maintain Acco%nts! M%ster roll L Beneficiary Records-
"n Nagaland! V(BS $a4e @een playing a maBor role in administration and
de4elopment process- =$ere t$ere is no V(B in a 4illage! no f%nds for
de4elopment sc$emes are released- E4en t$o%g$ t$e amo%nts are deposited in
t$e acco%nts t$e Villagers are not a%t$orised to 'it$dra' it- #or e2ample in
&$aAama @locA of >o$ima (istrict t$ere is a 4illage called >edima! '$ic$ does
not $a4e a V(B- ,$is 4illage t$%s $as not recei4ed any f%nds or grains %nder
S8R9 sc$eme- E4en t$o%g$ t$e BlocA allocates t$e f%nds and grains t$ey are
not dis@%rsed-
,$ese V(Bs are e4en acting as financing agents @y pro4iding loans to t$e
4illagers at a lesser rate of interest t$an t$e @anAs- "n Nagaland '$ere t$e
interior areas are far and remote e4ery 4illage is $a4ing a comm%nity @%s!
maintained @y t$e V(Bs! for transportation-
"n 5$eA district! t$e V(Bs in t$eir Ann%al meeting of 2002 $a4e appro4ed c%t
of )0N of Stream0"" cas$ component allocation of all t$e V(Bs for constr%ction
of t$e (R(A @%ilding- "n t$is @%ilding t$ey $a4e @%ilt a $%ge $all for meeting of
t$e V(Bs and training $alls- ,$ere is also marAeting s$eds in t$is str%ct%re-
Co!+osition
,$e Village 6o%ncil c$oose t$e mem@ers of t$e Village (e4elopment Board-
,$e ten%re of mem@ers is ; years %nless decided ot$er'ise @y t$e Village
6o%ncil @y a resol%tion- ,$e minim%m n%m@er is 5 and ma2im%m is 25-
8o4ernment ser4ants can @e c$osen as mem@er 'it$ t$e permission of t$e
8o4ernment- One fo%rt$ mem@ers of t$e committee constit%te 'omen-
A Secretary and Management 6ommittee represent V(B- ,$e Management
6ommittee of t$e V(Bs is entr%sted 'it$ t$e management of t$e f%nds of V(Bs
oases
and t$e general management of t$e V(Bs- ,$e mem@ers of t$is committee are
c$osen @y t$e 4illage concerned- ,$e management committee mem@ers select
one among t$em as t$e secretary! '$o is a literate person- ,$e V(B secretary is
a 4ery cr%cial official and $e manages t$e cas$ register! 4o%c$ers! loan details!
grain record! letters! min%tes etc-
("nd %ana&e!ent
#%nds are deposited 'it$ t$e S8R9 acco%nts of t$e concerned V(Bs! only '$en
t$ere is V(B resol%tion attac$ed to t$e proposal- ,$ese acco%nts are 'it$
nationaliCed @anAs and are operated Bointly @y t$e 6$airman and t$e Secretary
of t$e Management 6ommittee- After t$at t$e BlocA office iss%es 'orA orders to
t$e 4illages to constr%ct t$e asset-
V(B assigns t$e 'orA to a gro%p of persons or a 4illage cl%@ or a contractor or
t$e entire 4illage! according to t$e reE%irement and nat%re of t$e asset to @e
created- "nitially t$ey %se t$e V(B f%nds or pri4ate loans to complete t$e 'orA!
as S8R9 f%nd cannot @e 'it$dra'n 'it$ o%t completion of t$e 'orA- ater t$ey
repay it! once t$e S8R9 f%nd is released after t$e completion of t$e 'orA-
,$e 4illagers after t$e completion of t$e 'orA s%@mit a completion certificate!
'$ic$ is for'arded to t$e (R(A- ,$e c$eE%e to 'it$dra' t$e sc$eme amo%nt
is t$en signed @y t$e V(Bs 6$airman i-e- t$e (istrict 6ommissioner! B(O and
t$e V(B secretary- ,$e amo%nt cannot @e 'it$dra'n 'it$ o%t all t$e t$ree
signat%res- All t$e Ann%al Action 5lans of t$e 4illages are for t$e comm%nity
assets and BlocA officials and (R(A appro4e t$em- ,$%s %nder S8R9 t$ere are
no indi4id%al @eneficiaries in Nagaland-
Proced"re for .+eratin& Ban1 Acco"nt
,$e Village (e4elopment Board operates its f%nd t$ro%g$ a @anA acco%nt- ,$e
6$airman and Secretary of t$e Board operate t$ese acco%nts Bointly- ,$e BanA
$ono%rs no c$eE%e! %nless it is accompanied @y a copy of t$e BoardHs resol%tion
a%t$oriCing s%c$ 'it$dra'al signed @y all t$e mem@ers present in t$e
partic%lar meeting in '$ic$ s%c$ a resol%tion 'as passed and consented to @y
t$e BoardHs 6$airman- V(B a%dit is mandatory e4ery year @y a committee
appro4ed @y t$e c$airman of t$e V(Bs and t$is is presented to t$e Village
6o%ncil-
%eetin&s
,$e Board meets on t$e same date e4ery mont$- ,$e @oard decides t$is date in
cons%ltation 'it$ 6$airman of t$e Board and t$e 6$airman of Village 6o%ncil-
,$e mem@ers of t$e Board gi4e 'idest p%@licity a@o%t t$e date to t$eir >$el
people- S%c$ meetings are open to general p%@lic- Any c$ange in t$e date is
effecti4e only after o@taining t$e consent of t$e Village 6o%ncil and t$e Board
oases
6$airman- Mandatory 8eneral Body meetings of t$e 4illage @y t$e V(Bs are
cond%cted t'ice a year- Mont$ly meeting of t$e management committee is a
pre0reE%isite for t$e f%nctioning of t$e V(Bs- As and '$en t$e need arise V(B
calls for emergency meetings after informing t$e Village 6o%ncil-
E4ery decision or recommendation of t$e Village (e4elopment Board is in t$e
form of a Resol%tion passed in a reg%lar mont$ly meeting @y t$e all t$e
mem@ers present-
Allocation of ("nds
According to t$e 8%idelines of S8R9 sc$eme Stream0" is to @e implemented @y
t$e <5 and "5! 'it$ t$e f%nds distri@%ted in t$e ratio of *00.0 @et'een <5 and
"5- 7o'e4er in Nagaland all t$e f%nds of Stream " and Stream "" are released to
4illages directly- "n Stream " t$ere are no separate allocations from (R(A and
"5 for "ndi4id%al @eneficiaries- "t is gi4en as single allocation and is
implemented @y t$e Village directly- ,$e (R(A and BlocA (e4elopment Office
$a4e no role in implementation and t$ey confine t$eir role to allocation and
dis@%rsement of f%nds @esides monitoring-
22-5N of t$e S8R9 Stream0" f%nds are to @e %tiliCed for t$e creation of assets
for indi4id%al @eneficiaries and to @e implemented @y t$e district and @locA
agencies- "n Nagaland all t$e f%nds of S8R9 Stream0" $a4e @een allocated to
4illages and not to indi4id%als- ,$e c%stomary la' sees to comm%nity as a
'$ole and all t$e de4elopment f%nds are %tiliCed for t$e 4illage as a '$ole- ,$%s
t$e assets created are all comm%nity assets-
Often t$ere is no separation of Stream0" or Stream0""- Bot$ streams f%nds are
p%t in to single asset- Some times f%nds from 4ario%s ot$er sc$emes of R%ral
(e4elopment are pooled in to @%ild a $%ge asset liAe a comm%nity $all!
approac$ road or linA road- Since t$e n%m@er of $o%se$olds is fe'! t$e f%nds
recei4ed are fo%nd to @e too inadeE%ate so t$ey taAe %p t$e 'orA in p$ases-
,$e 4illages t$emsel4es select all t$e sc$eme 'orAs '$olly- As and '$en t$e
f%nds are allocated @y t$e (R(A! t$e @locA officials intimate t$e 4illages and
call for proposals for 'orAs- Some times t$e ann%al action plan or fi4e year
plans for R%ral (e4elopment already $a4e t$e sc$eme proposals- 8enerally t$e
Village 6o%ncil and t$e V(B disc%ss t$e immediate needs of t$e 4illage in t$eir
meetings and decide on t$e assets- ,$e V(B t$en dra's a resol%tion '$ic$ is
signed @y all t$e mem@ers of t$e management committee of t$e V(B! on t$e
asset to @e created and s%@mits it to BlocA office- ,$ese are t$e appro4ed @y t$e
BlocA office and for'arded to (R(A-
oases
#aga$ are @asically rice eating people and food grain component 'as
distri@%ted only in rice e2cept for 5$eA @locA '$ere @ot$ rice and '$eat 'as
gi4en- ,$e '$eat component is con4erted into cas$ and dis@%rsed @y t$e B(O
at @locA office to t$e concerned V(Bs @y $and-
E2cept for one @locA! all t$e @locAs in t$e sample districts $a4e distri@%ted rice
only- ,$e '$eat component 'as paid in cas$- V(B Secretaries collected t$ese
amo%nts from B(Os after signing t$e cas$ registers at BlocA office- Similarly
grains are also collected after signing t$e 4o%c$ers- Most of t$e 4illagers felt
t$at t$e E%ality of food grains is not satisfactory-
#ood grain is distri@%ted eE%ally among k"el$ according to n%m@er $o%se$olds-
"t is not %sed for any 'age payment- "t is distri@%ted as free food grain from
8o4ernment to t$e 4illagers- "n most of t$e cases t$e cas$ is %sed to @%y ra'
materials and t$e 4illagers do t$e 'orA 4ol%ntarily-
Assets Created
,$e assets created %nder t$e sc$eme in Nagaland are all comm%nity assets- ,$e
Village 6o%ncil and V(Bs calls all t$e a@le persons of t$e 4illage to do 'orA liAe
constr%ction of road! digging of irrigation c$annels etc as and '$en t$e need
arises- ,$e 4illagers constr%ct most of t$e assets 4ol%ntarily- 6as$ is %sed to
p%rc$ase ra' material- All of t$em 'orA toget$er and t$e Village 6o%ncil
pro4ides t$e food or some refres$ments or meals to t$em- Some times '$en
t$ere are yo%t$ cl%@s! 'omenHs cl%@s and ot$er social cl%@s in t$e 4illage! t$e
Bo@ is assigned to t$em as a sort of contract- "n some 4illages '$ere sAilled
'orAers liAe carpenters are needed! t$e 'orAs $a4e @een assigned to
contractors! '$o is %s%ally from o%t side t$e 4illage-
"f t$e assets are plantations or social forestry 'orAs t$en a partic%lar k"el or
'omenHs gro%p etc are gi4en t$e sanctioned amo%nt and a plot of 4illage land-
,$is gro%p is responsi@le for plantation and t$e profits are eit$er deposited in
to t$e V(B acco%nt or some times distri@%ted among t$at gro%p-
All t$e details of t$e f%nds recei4ed and spent are disc%ssed in t$e V(B
meetings- ,$e assets '$en completed are c$ecAed @y t$e B(O- Villagers said
$ardly any one from t$e (R(A or State Secretariat came to inspect t$ese assets-
,$ere 'as not m%c$ scope for misappropriation of f%nds or grains as t$ere is
total acco%nta@ility of t$e V(B to t$e 4illagers-
No income generating asset-
oases
,$ere is no payment of any 'ages- E4en if t$ey are paid! '$ic$ is rare!
t$ey are nominal and m%c$ lo'er t$an t$e pre4ailing rate of daily 'ages
in Nagaland-
Co!!ents
#ood grains 'ere mostly distri@%ted to all $o%se$olds in t$e 4illage
eE%ally and not paid as 'ages against 'orA-
"n most of t$e cases t$e cas$ is %sed to @%y ra' materials and t$e
4illagers do t$e 'orA 4ol%ntarily-
"n t$is @acAgro%nd it 'as fo%nd t$at t$ere are no indi4id%al @eneficiaries at all
and so t$e sample of @eneficiary sc$ed%les and non0@eneficiary sc$ed%les is not
co4ered in Nagaland- ,$e e2pected sample of assets is also for indi4id%al
@eneficiary assets and $ere t$ere are no "ndi4id%al Beneficiaries at all-
,$e f%nding of S8R9 is partly in cas$ and partly food grains- ,$e cas$
allocated against eac$ $o%se$old is deposited directly in to t$e V(B
@anA acco%nts- 7o'e4er t$e cas$ component! '$ic$ is against food
grains! is distri@%ted @y t$e BlocA officials at BlocA office- Villagers feel
t$at cas$ component is too less and often t$ey $a4e to contri@%te from
t$e V(B acco%nt to complete t$e asset constr%ction-
Nagaland is a $ill area and t$e transportation costs are 4ery $ig$- "t 'as
fo%nd t$at t$e 4illagers $a4e to pay from t$e V(B f%nds for
transportation- Some V(Bs $a4e sold some part of t$e grains to pay t$e
transportation c$arges- "t 'as e4en fo%nd t$at t$e 4illagers carried @y
foot t$e rice @ags! eac$ 'eig$ing a@o%t 25 Ag! as $ead load to t$eir far
fl%ng 4illages- "n 5$eA district t$ere are some 4illages t$at did not collect
t$e grains! d%e to $ig$ transportation c$arges- "n certain areas!
ins%rgent gro%ps are posing pro@lems to officials '$ile transporting t$e
grains from (imap%r to t$eir respecti4e @locAs-
"n t$e t'o districts co4ered for t$e present st%dy! it 'as fo%nd t$at t$ere
'as no fi2ed %nit cost for t$e sanctioned sc$emes- "t 4aries from 4illage
to 4illage in t$e same @locA- ,$e entire sanctioned amo%nt of a 4illage is
%tilised in for constr%ction of single asset and as t$e n%m@er of
$o%se$olds differ for eac$ 4illage! t$e sanctioned amo%nts also differed
accordingly- ,$%s for same sc$eme in t'o different 4illages t$e %nit cost
'ere different-
One common o@ser4ation is t$at in most of t$e 4illages t$e 'orAs 'ere
done 4ol%ntarily 'it$ no 'ages- "n rare cases t$ey are paid nominal
'ages! '$ic$ are m%c$ lo'er t$an t$e pre4ailing rate of daily 'ages!
Ano'n as %a&ira' in t$e (istrict- "n Nagaland migrant Bi"ari la@o%rers
or Banglades$i immigrant la@o%rers commonly Ano'n as mia$' do most
of t$e constr%ction 'orAs- ,$ey 'orA on contract @asis %s%ally- ,$e
mi$try %s%ally c$arges a "a&ira of Rs-)500200 per day and t$e non0
sAilled la@o%rers get a@o%t Rs-)00 per day- "n most of t$e assets
in4ol4ing @ricA'orA mi$trie$ are $ired-
oases
Assets liAe approac$ roads! soiling and metaling of roads or impro4ing
t$e 5laygro%nds in4ol4e le4elling of t$e land- #or t$is p%rpose t$e
Villagers $a4e to $ire a Roller! '$ic$ is 4ery costly affair and t$e c$arges
come to ) or 2 laA$- Some 4illagers are gi4en t$e roller @y t$e Assam
Rifles free of cost @%t t$ey $a4e to pay for t$e (iesel-
Nagaland is $illy terrain and almost all 4illages are on $illtops- Roads to
most 4illages are not tar roads @%t A%cc$a roads- After rainy season!
most of t$em get 'as$ed a'ay and e4ery year t$e 4illagers $a4e to in4est
amo%nts in maintaining t$em- Almost in all 4illages t$e 4illagers 'orA
4ol%ntarily in repairing t$e roads e4ery year-
"n most of t$e 4illages t$e f%nd allocated 'as too small for t$e
constr%ction of t$e assets! so t$e V(Bs some times 'orAed on same asset
in 4ario%s p$ases- (%ring #ield'orA it 'as o@ser4ed t$at t$e
constr%ction of some of t$e assets is still incomplete for t$e 'ant of
f%nds- Often t$e f%nds from Stream0" and Stream0"" are merged toget$er
to @%ild same asset- "n fact in some 4illages S8R9 f%nds are
s%@stantiated 'it$ f%nds from 8rant0in0aid or pri4ate contri@%tions or
V(B f%nds to complete a 'orA-
"n some cases t$e S8R9 f%nds are sanctioned for @%ying 4illage
comm%nity $all f%rnit%re or maintenance of comm%nity @%s- "f stated in
t$e lig$t of MoR( 8%ide lines t$ese are not Assets in tr%e sense as t$ere
are no mandays are in4ol4ed in it- 7o'e4er itHs t$e need of t$e 4illage
and t$e BlocA and (istrict official $a4e to consider t$em-
oases
ORISSA
,$e E%icA e4al%ation st%dy in Orissa co4ered only S, @eneficiaries in t'o
districts! MalAangiri and Bolangir- (istrict MalAangiri $as t$e $ig$est
percentage of S, pop%lation in t$e state (51-2. percent)! and district Bolangir is
close to t$e state a4erage (22-0. percent)-
,$e t'o districts! 4iC- MalAangiri and Bolangir are t'o of t$e poorest districts of
Orissa and form a part of >B>- As per t$e )++/ B5 S%r4ey cond%cted @y
8o4ernment of Orissa! MalAangiri $as 1)-11 percent and Bolangir $as .)-0.
percent of B5 r%ral families- ,$ese t'o districts are also dro%g$t0prone
districts d%e to '$ic$ t$e poor (B5 families) are a'f%lly poor- ,$ey reE%ire all
Ainds of $elp! more partic%larly! reg%lar so%rces of employment- ,$e B5
families reE%ire contin%o%s s%pport in impro4ing t$eir economic stat%s as 'ell
as E%ality of life- 5ro4ision of a d'elling $o%se is not eno%g$! as it does not
impro4e t$eir income on a reg%lar @asis- ,$ey need a total pacAage of assistance
and contin%o%s monitoring 'it$ dedicated 'orAers-
COVERAGE
>al$an:iri
,istrict
1olan:ir
Total no. o"
Sc)edules
,istrict 2
1loc$s
3 3 +
1ene"iciaries
Sc#e"!le" Castes
Sc#e"!les Tri&es
Total
0
180
8!
0
180
8!
0
360
3+!
*on <ene"iciaries
+! +! 2!
Assets +! +! 2!
Total 334 334 ++8
Allocation of ("nds
#%nds are allocated from t$e State to t$e districts and district to @locAs on t$e
@asis of t$eir needs and a4aila@ility of f%nds- #%nd flo' from district to @locAs
and 85s $as follo'ed 'ell0defined criteria 'it$ some 4ariations at times-
Alt$o%g$ t$e n%m@er of B5 and S,DS6 pop%lation in t$e district $as ser4ed as
a significant criteria! past performance along 'it$ a4aila@ility of f%nds $a4e also
@een taAen into consideration '$ile allocating t$e f%nds-
oases
Most of t$ese $a4e @een reflected in Ann%al 5lan-
,$e norm of cas$! food0grains and material components $as not @een
strictly follo'ed-
"n large n%m@er of cases! partic%larly in MalAangiri! foodgrains $a4e not @een
gi4en strictly as per t$e g%idelines-
As regards selection of @eneficiary! no A5 $as @een a @eneficiary of t$e
sc$eme-
8%idelines $a4e not @een 4iolated-
Nonet$eless!
5olitics! party allegiance etc- $a4e also played a role in t$e selection of
some o4er ot$ers- ,$is is liAely to $appen in a democratic system 'it$
m%ltiparty politics-
Assets Created
"n case of S, @eneficiaries (indi4id%al sc$eme)! t$e f%nds $a4e @een
largely pro4ided for @%ilding or %pgrading of d'elling $o%ses-
,$is acti4ity $as temporarily generated some self as 'ell as 'age employment-
=$ile t$is asset $as made $is life comforta@le! no permanent and reg%lar
income generation so%rces $a4e @een created- ,$e $o%ses @%ilt %nder t$is
program are in reasona@ly good condition-
,$e ne2t most pop%lar sc$emes f%nded @y t$e program are land
de4elopment and pro4ision of p%mp sets for irrigation and digging of
ponds for piscic%lt%re-
#%nds $a4e not @een gi4en for any ot$er asset creation e2cept for @%ilding
latrines- ,$ose '$o $a4e recei4ed assistance for land related sc$emes liAe land
de4elopment! irrigation and piscic%lt%re are $appy as t$ere $as @een 4isi@le
increase in t$eir income-
,$e income $as @een m%c$ $ig$er for t$ose '$o $a4e adopted cas$0
crops and 4egeta@les-
oases
,$ose '$o $a4e recei4ed p%mp sets are gaining in prod%cti4ity not only
@y 'ay of pro4iding timely irrigation on t$eir o'n land! @%t also @y
$iring t$ose o%t to ot$ers-
"t 'as f%rt$er noticed t$at in fe' @locAs! partic%larly in Bolangir district! t$e
f%nds $a4e @een %tilised for constr%ction of MarAet 6omple2 'it$ t$e idea of
allocating t$ese to t$e @eneficiaries- Alt$o%g$ t$is is an inno4ation and not as
per t$e stated g%idelines! t$e @eneficiaries $a4e not yet @een allocated t$e
s$ops- #%rt$er! serio%s do%@ts e2ist '$et$er t$ey 'o%ld @e a@le to %se it for t$e
p%rpose t$is asset is @%ilt! since t$ey are so poor t$at %nless additional f%nds
(may @e @y 'ay of linAing credit instit%tions) are gi4en to t$e allotteesG failing
'$ic$! t$e 4ery p%rpose of t$is inno4ati4e idea 'ill @e defeated- ,$ere is also
appre$ension t$at t$e process of allotment 'ill create pro@lems %nless a
transparent met$od (liAe lottery in presence of p%@lic) is follo'ed-
"n case of S8R9 f%nd ro%ted for creation of comm%nity assets! it is fo%nd
t$at most of t$e f%nds $a4e @een %sed for 4illage infrastr%ct%re
impro4ement D constr%ction of linA roads and panc$ayat roads! etc- ,$e
ot$er comm%nity assets created for comm%nityHs %se are liAe addition of
rooms in sc$ools! constr%ction of compo%nd 'all! digging of 'ells '$ic$
are E%ite %sef%l and @eneficial for t$e comm%nity-
5R"s are f%nctional in t$e State- ,$ere is considera@le a'areness among t$e
people- ,$e comm%nity and t$e @eneficiaries participate in gram sa@$a
meetings and propose t$e 'orAs and acti4ities to @e taAen %p '$ic$ is
recommended @y t$e sarpanc$ for its final appro4al-
A large n%m@er of @eneficiaries $a4e not @een dis@%rsed f%nds e4en if sanction
$as @een made in t$eir fa4o%r- ,$is is tr%er for @eneficiaries of d'elling $o%ses-
S%c$ cases are 4ery $ig$ in Bolangir district- Many! in anticipation of
dis@%rsement $a4e done some 'orA! @%t non0dis@%rsal $as made t$em lea4e
t$e asset $alf constr%cted and %n%sa@le-
Since many ot$ers are 'aiting still to @e @enefited from t$e program (eit$er
dis@%rsement not made or names not recommended @y 5allisa@$a)- ,$ey are
nat%rally %n$appy
5ro4ision of d'elling $o%ses for t$e @eneficiaries %nder t$e indi4id%al
@eneficiary sc$eme for S6DS,s $as made no 4irt%al impact on t$eir
income and employment-
oases
Alt$o%g$ t$e asset pro4ides sec%rity! poor people need s%pport t$ro%g$ 'age
employment sc$emes for t$eir s%stained de4elopment-
#or t$ose '$o $a4e recei4ed assistance for land de4elopment incl%ding
facilities for irrigation need enco%ragement for adopting cas$ crops and
4egeta@les- "ntensi4e demonstration farming follo'ed @y pro4ision of
marAeting s%pport for t$e prod%ce 'o%ld go a long 'ay in impro4ing t$eir
income s%@stantially-
Co!!ents
"n terms of adopting t$e norms of S8R9 MalAangiri (istrict $as done
m%c$ @etter t$an Bolangir (istrict-
=$ile some food grains $a4e @een gi4en as part component of t$e grant in
Bolangir district! it is 4irt%ally a@sent in MalAangiri- MalAangiri $as done m%c$
@etter in terms of record Aeeping t$an in Bolangir district- "n Bolangir district
record Aeeping is poor- Act%al dis@%rsements in many cases $a4e not @een
made e4en t$o%g$ sanction $as @een made @ot$ d%ring 200200; and 200;00*-
,$e 4ery dist%r@ing! yet inno4ati4e e4ent is constr%ction of MarAet 6omple2 at
certain places in @ot$ t$e districts! @%t more prono%nced in Bolangir district-
,$e (R(A t$ro%g$ BlocAs $a4e constr%cted marAet comple2 'it$ constr%ction
of rooms on 8o4t- land '$ic$ are yet to @e allotted to @eneficiaries on some
rental c$arges- ,$e idea may @e good- B%t do%@t is raised '$et$er t$e poor B5
families '$o 'o%ld @e allotted t$ese s$ops (no one Ano's '$enQ) 'o%ld @e
capa@le eno%g$ to %se it for @%siness p%rpose- ,$ey 'o%ld pro@a@ly need
anot$er dose of 'orAing capital- B%t '$o 'o%ld gi4e t$at f%ndQ ,$e
administration is yet to c$alA o%t a plan-
#%rt$er! t$e field staff fo%nd t$at e4en t$o%g$ t$e @eneficiary ne4er
admitted directly! sometimes grat%ito%s payments $a4e @een made to
get t$e money and material- Similarly in t$e constr%ction of comm%nity
assets! contractors $a4e o@liged t$e 5R" representati4es in c%ts ranging
@et'een )0 to 20 per cent and e4en more- ,$e 5R" representati4es
admit it and consider it as some Aind of <5 K A( (as liAe M5 K A( or
MA K A( K '$ic$ $a4e @een denied to 5R")-
Ne4ert$eless! t$e salient feat%re is t$at people $a4e @ecome conscio%s-
At least /5 to 15 per cent of t$e assistance $a4e act%ally reac$ed t$e
@eneficiaries-
S"&&estions
oases
Some amo%nt of training in repairing t$e p%mp set need to @e gi4en to
t$ose @eneficiaries '$o recei4ed assets for land de4elopment incl%ding
facilities for irrigation-
oases
RA)AST+AN (SC)
,$e e4al%ation tasA in 8anganagar and ABmer districts of RaBast$an co4ered
only sc$ed%led castes @eneficiaries-
(istrict ABmer is %nder se4ere dro%g$t for last fo%r years- ,$is $as $ad ad4erse
impacts on farming in t$e district- #arm sector %sed to @e t$e largest sector t$at
pro4ided employment to maBority of t$e people in RaBast$an- 7o'e4er!
@eca%se of dra%g$t employment opport%nities for la@o%rers and marginal
farmers $a4e drastically red%ced- 5eople $a4e to go in searc$ of 'orA to
constr%ction sites in near @y to'ns- "n s%c$ a dismal employment sit%ation
need for employment generating programs liAe S8R9 is of %tmost importance-
8anganagar @orders 5%nBa@ and is adBacent to #iroCp%r district- 7ere! dro%g$t
is not as se4ere as in ABmer district- 8anga 6anal and "ndira 8and$i 6anal
pro4ide 'ater to t$e area! '$ic$ is %sed for irrigation- 6onseE%ently agric%lt%re
is t$ri4ing- B%t! %nliAe ABmer! land distri@%tion in t$e area is sAe'ed to t$e
e2tent t$at t$e sc$ed%led castes $ardly o'n any land and t$ey totally depend on
t$e mercy of t$e ric$ farmers and land o'ners! and are prepared to 'orA on
less t$an t$e prescri@ed minim%m 'ages (Rs- 50 per day)- ,$%s! to pro4ide
gainf%l employment and to red%ce 'orAersH dependence on landlords!
employment and income generating programs specifically for t$e sc$ed%led
castes! liAe "ndi4id%al Oriented 5rogram of S8R9 are of great importance-
COVERAGE
6an:ana:ar
,istrict
A?%er
Total no. o"
Sc)edules
,istrict
2
1loc$s 3 3 +
4illa:e 5anc)a&ats
3! 3! +!
1ene"iciaries
Sc#e"!le" Castes
Sc#e"!les Tri&es
Total
180
0
8!
180
0
8!
360
0
3+!
Assets
+! +! 2!
Total 333 333 +++
LIMITATIONS
,$e 4illage panc$ayats 'ere selected on t$e @asis of ma2im%m concentration of
t$e @eneficiaries- "n eac$ panc$ayat as per t$e sc$ed%led met$odology si2
@eneficiaries and t'o non0@eneficiaries 'ere to inter4ie'- 7o'e4er! '$ere
reE%ired si2 @eneficiaries and t'o non0@eneficiaries 'ere not a4aila@le! t$ey
'ere co4ered from ot$er panc$ayats-
oases
Allocation of ("nds
,$e f%nds are dis@%rsed to 4illage panc$ayats on t$e @asis of t$e sc$ed%led
castes B5 pop%lation-
7o'e4er! disc%ssions 'it$ t$e respondents at @locA le4el re4ealed t$at
sometimes for some of t$e cases political interference also infl%ences t$e
allocation of f%nds and $ence selection of @eneficiaries-
O%t of t$e 22-5 percent s$are of total allocation of S8R9! 20 percent f%nd is
retained at R%ral (e4elopment 6ell of <ila 5aris$ad! '$ic$ is t$e implementing
agency of t$e sc$eme at district le4el! and ;0 percent is dis@%rsed to 5anc$ayat
Samitis (@locAs)-
At district! @locA and 4illage le4el a separate acco%nt is maintained at
nationalised @anAs for S8R9- At t$e 4illage panc$ayat le4el t$e acco%nt is
operated Bointly @y t$e sarpanc$ and secretary- #or @ot$ Ainds of d'elling %nits
(t$ose are sanctioned @y <ila 5aris$ad and intermediate panc$ayats) t$e f%nds
are dis@%rsed to t$e 4illage panc$ayatsH acco%nt- Village panc$ayat pro4ides
@earer c$eE%es to t$e @eneficiaries-
"n some panc$ayats
*
! only constr%ction material 'as pro4ided-
Ann%al Action 5lans are prepared @y all panc$ayats- ,$ese action plans are
not$ing more t$an an estimation of t$e 'orAs to @e carried o%t in t$e specific
year- B%t t$e panc$ayat f%nctionaries do not Ano' t$e amo%nt to @e dis@%rsed
to t$e panc$ayats in a year- ,$is lacA of information is a maBor $%rdle in
formation of t$e action plan and t$e final carrying o%t 'orAs depends on t$e
a4aila@ility of t$e f%nds '$ic$ generally do not co4er all t$e 'orAs as per t$e
action plan-
According to t$e officials! all t$e 'orAs mentioned in t$e action plan can only
@e implemented if panc$ayats get t$e reE%ired amo%nt- ,$e 4illage le4el
f%nctionaries (sarpanc$s and secretaries) asA for payment of t$e entire amo%nt!
to @e paid in a year! in one instalment-
,$e @eneficiaries 'ere pro4ided a total of 2)-/0 E%intals of '$eat d%ring t$e
year 200200;- (%ring t$e 200;00*! t$e cas$ component of t$e sanctioned
amo%nt for t$e constr%ction of $o%se 'as raised from Rs- )0!000 to Rs- )5!000-
Along 'it$ t$e cas$ component! )0-1/ Ag food grains 'ere also pro4ided-
,$e grains are distri@%ted at 5(S o%tlets- Beneficiaries are gi4en co%pons for
t$e grains and at 5(S o%tlet t$ey get t$e grains- F%ality of t$e grains d%ring t$e
*
Sardarp%ra BiAa in S%ratgar$ @locA of 8anganagar
oases
reference year 'as good- 7o'e4er! t$ere 'ere complaints from 'orAers not
getting t$e E%antity of grains! t$ey are entitled for- (isc%ssions 'it$ t$e
@eneficiaries re4ealed t$at some sarpanc$s sell t$e grains at marAet rate (Rs-
.-;0 per Ag) and in lie% paid @eneficiaries at t$e s%@sidised rate of Rs- *-.0 per
Ag-
5anc$ayat samiti appro4es t$ese assets ($o%ses) for its ;0 percent s$are and
<ila 5aris$ad for 20 percent- Beneficiaries are selected in gram sa@$a
meetings-
Village 5anc$ayats (%s%ally sarpanc$s)! in gram sa@$a meetings select
t$e B5 sc$ed%led caste people '$o do not $a4e a (ucca $o%se- ,$ese
selected names are t$en appro4ed @y panc$ayat samiti and <ila
5aris$ad-
,$e sarpanc$s and politically dominating people do infl%ence t$e
selection of t$e @eneficiaries-
Alt$o%g$ t$e '$ole process of @eneficiary selection seemed as per t$e
g%idelines!
,$e non0@eneficiaries reported t$at t$is selection is @iased and t$e
sarpanc$s and panc$ayat f%nctionaries fa4o%r t$eir o'n people-
,$e @eneficiaries in t$e t'o districts inc%rred e2penses %p to Rs- 10!000 for
constr%cting t$e $o%seG '$ic$ indicates t$at t$ese @eneficiaries are not poor
and s$o%ld not $a4e @een pro4ided t$e @enefits of t$e program- B%t
s%rprisingly t$ese @eneficiaries $a4e t$e B5 cards of t$e B5 s%r4ey of )++/!
('$ic$ is f%ll of fla's!) and $ence t$ey $a4e a4ailed t$e sc$eme-
Assets Created
"n RaBast$an! %nder t$e 22-5 N s$are of S8R9!
Only $o%ses $a4e @een pro4ided to t$e B5 sc$ed%led caste families-
,$e criteria follo'ed to sanction t$e $o%ses to sc$ed%led caste @eneficiaries and
norms to constr%ct t$e $o%ses 'ere liAe "ndira A'as 9oBana-
Alt$o%g$ t$is asset (d'elling %nit) does not add to t$e income or
employment conditions of t$e poor S6s! t$e @eneficiaries are completely
satisfied as t$ey get a ma2im%m and tangi@le @enefit of Rs- 20!000 at
one time-
oases
Village panc$ayat select t$e @eneficiaries! maintain t$e acco%nts and dis@%rses
t$e amo%nt to t$e @eneficiaries- (%ring gram sa@$a meetings! t$e sarpanc$ or
t$e secretary proposes t$e names of t$e people ('$ic$ are pre0decided) to t$e
5anc$ayat Samiti and <ila 5aris$ad- ,$is is B%st a formality-
,$e @eneficiaries and comm%nity mem@ers act%ally $a4e no in4ol4ement
in selection since t$eir a'areness a@o%t t$e program is poor-
"n case of grie4ances! t$e @eneficiaries approac$ t$e panc$ayat sarpanc$ or t$e
secretary- Sometimes t$e B(O or t$e district le4el officials are also
approac$ed- ,$ere 'ere complaints from 'orAers not getting t$e E%antity of
grains! t$ey are entitled for
,$ere is no systematic mec$anism of monitoring-
No monitoring committees $a4e @een formed at t$e @locA or t$e
panc$ayat le4el-
No district officials $a4e 4isited d%ring t$e constr%ction of t$e $o%ses-
Only t$e secretaries and sarpanc$s 4isit t$e $o%ses! as t$ey $a4e to
s%@mit t$e %tilisation certificate after t$e completion of t$e asset i-e-
$o%ses-
"n one or t'o cases! t$e &%nior Engineer and t$e B(O 4isited t$e constr%ction
site of t$e $o%se-
No recordDreport of monitoring of t$e assets 'as a4aila@le at any of t$e
si2 s%r4eyed @locAs-
,$e prime o@Becti4e of t$e sc$eme is to pro4ide an asset for s%staina@le
employment and income to t$e socially disad4antaged poor- B%t t$e pro4ided
assets ($o%ses) do not f%lfil t$is o@Becti4e-
,$e indi4id%al @eneficiary sc$eme of 22-5N component $as not made
any dent in t$e employment predicament of t$e poor sc$ed%led castes
'it$ t$ese assets (d'elling %nits)-
7o'e4er! d%ring constr%ction of t$e $o%ses t$e @eneficiaries got employment
appro2imately for t'o mont$s-
oases
Alt$o%g$ t$e li4ing conditions and social stat%s of t$e @eneficiaries $as
impro4ed! t$ere $as not @een m%c$ c$ange in t$eir 'orAing conditions-
Ne4ert$eless! t$eir 'orries to freE%ently maintain t$eir $%tments $a4e
@een dodged o%t-
acA of s$elter maAes people insec%re- Ot$er t$an remo4ing t$e incon4eniences
of poor li4ing! a $o%se pro4ides social prestige and place among t$eir
neig$@o%rs and comm%nity- "t $elps in @%ilding relations 'it$ t$e 'ell0off
families t$at in t%rn empo'er t$e family-
8etting employment opport%nities is also eE%ally important! partic%larly in
dro%g$t0ridden areas liAe ABmer district- 7ere people $a4e to come to %r@an
areas to 'orA in t$e constr%ction site or in t$e factories- =orAers in >is$angar$
to'n! '$ic$ is famo%s centre of mar@le @%siness! come from s%rro%nding
4illages to 'orA in t$e stone c%tting factories- ,$ey are paid meagrely! and after
'orAing on stone c%tting mac$ines for a s$ort '$ile t$ey got respiratory
ailments- ,$erefore! a $aCard free employment is also a maBor need of t$e
people- ,$e $o%ses $a4e not added to any sort of income or s%staina@le
employment to t$e poor sc$ed%led castes-
Co!!ents
"n RaBast$an! t$e B5 s%r4ey carried o%t in )++/ is still in practice! '$ic$ is f%ll
of fla's and also o@solete- ,$ere are families poorer t$an t$e @eneficiaries '$o
deser4e t$e sc$eme @enefits! @%t since t$ey 'ere no e2isting d%ring t$e B5
s%r4ey- ,$e B5 s%r4ey carried o%t in 200)is complete @%t is not in 4og%e- "n
8anganagar district t$ere are a n%m@er of panc$ayats '$ic$ do not $a4e p%@lic
land- "n t$ese panc$ayats landless poor are not a@le to a4ail t$e @enefit-
,$e decision to pro4ide t$e $o%ses %nder indi4id%al component of S8R9
$as @een taAen at State le4el- ,$e district and @locA le4el officials 'ere
cl%eless a@o%t t$e reason @e$ind t$e decision-
Officials responsi@le for implementing t$e program at 5isangan panc$ayat
samiti of ABmer district asAed t$e e4al%ators t$at go4ernment of "ndia s$o%ld
pro4ide some employment generating assets instead of d'elling %nits! as $e
'as not a'are t$at decision of pro4iding $o%ses %nder indi4id%al oriented
sc$eme of S8R9 'as taAen at state le4el- According to t$e sc$eme g%idelines! in
t$e implementation! priority s$o%ld @e gi4en to pro4ide economic assets to
indi4id%al @eneficiaries for s%staina@le employment- "n case of RaBast$an! need
of s%staina@le employment @ecomes more important! as t$e state is %nder
contin%o%s dro%g$t for fo%r years t$at $as aggra4ated t$e pro@lem of
%nemployment- B%t!
,$e program $as not addressed t$e aspects of income and employment
generation-
"n terms of employment and income generation too! $o%ses are not t$e precise
assets-
oases
,$e program $as made no impact on t$e 'orAing conditions of t$e
@eneficiaries- Nonet$eless! an appre$ension of not $a4ing a $o%se $as
@een remo4ed- "t $as gi4en t$e @eneficiaries a social prestige too-
,$e @eneficiaries $a4e constr%cted t$e $o%ses t$emsel4es and 'it$ t$eir family
mem@ers! on t$eir o'n land! 'it$o%t in4ol4ing t$e contractors- ,$ose '$o did
not $a4e t$eir o'n land to constr%ct t$e $o%se 'ere pro4ided t$e land @y t$e
panc$ayats- "n t$e panc$ayats! '$ere t$ere 'as no p%@lic land a4aila@le
landless people $a4e not got t$e @enefit-
S"&&estions
"n a state liAe RaBast$an! '$ere lacA of employment opport%nities is a maBor
concern! emp$ases s$o%ld @e gi4en on economic assets res%lting in gainf%l
employment generation-
oases
RA)AST+AN (ST)
COVERAGE
Sc)edules Covered ,istrict 1ans=ara ,istrict .a?sa%and Total *o. o"
sc)edules
,istrict 2
1loc$s 3 3 +
45s 3! 3! +!
1ene"iciaries
Sc$ed%led 6astes
Sc$ed%led ,ri@es
To>8:
)10
0
&23
)10
0
&23
;.0
0
'13
*on 1ene"iciaries +! +! 2!
Asset +! +! 2!
Total 334 334 ++8
,$e sample siCe $as @een as per t$e met$odology and t$ere are no deficiencies-
"n addition to t$e a@o4e sc$ed%les! State 6$ecA list $as also @een can4assed-
BRIEF PORTRAYAL OF T+E DISTRESS SITUATION
No distress sit%ation is fo%nd in Bans'ara district- 7o'e4er! '$ole of
RaBsamand district $as @een declared dro%g$t affected @y t$e State
8o4ernment for t$e past ; years- ,$e dro%g$t $as affected all comm%nities
eE%ally- Moreo4er! S, pop%lation in t$ese areas is 4ery small- 7ence t$ere is no
need to initiate programs specifically for S, pop%lation to mitigate $ards$ips
ca%sed d%e to dro%g$t-
SC+EME IMPLEMENTATION AND ROLE OF PRIs
5R"s are f%lly empo'ered and 4ery effecti4e in t$e state regarding
implementation of S8R9 program- (ecisions regarding selection of 'orAs!
@eneficiaries! allocation of f%nds to "5s (BlocAs) and implementation of t$e
'orAs are directly taAen %p @y 5R"s at different le4els-
Allocation of ("nds
,$e (R(A recei4es f%nds from 6entre and State 8o4ernments for @ot$ Stream
" and Stream "" 'orAs of S8R9- 6EO! <ila 5aris$ad f%rt$er distri@%tes it to t$e
t$ree tiers of 5R"s (ie <5! "5 and 85) according to t$e appro4ed Ann%al Action
5lan- <illa 5aris$ad does not taAe %p any 'orA in t$e district directly- <5 f%nds
are directed t$ro%g$ "ntermediate 5anc$ayats-
Pre+aration of Ann"al Action Plan 3AAP4
<illa 5aris$ad prepares Ann%al Action 5lan @ased on proposals of 85s! "5s and
recommendations of its o'n and nominated mem@ers-
oases
=$eat is distri@%ted as 'ages- "n RaBast$an! 4illagers normally cons%me '$eat
flo%r @ased prod%cts (c$apatti) and @aBra '$ic$ is a4aila@le in #6" (epots-
#oodgrains are made a4aila@le in time and are distri@%ted as per t$e
stip%lations- ,$ere $as @een a pro@lem of plenty at times- "t 'as o@ser4ed t$at
t$e @eneficiaries co%ld not lift and store t$e entire stocA of '$eat allotted to
t$em in one go-
Beneficiaries are selected @y t$e 8ram 5anc$ayats @ased on t$e need- :nder
t$e Beneficiary Oriented 5rogram of S8R9! only S, @eneficiaries @elo' t$e
po4erty line are selected as per g%idelines-
Assets Created
"n RaBsamand district '$ere t$e S, pop%lation is close to t$e State le4el
a4erage! administration finds it diffic%lt to $a4e s%fficient potential
@eneficiaries in certain pocAets for t'o reasonsJ
,$ere is not eno%g$ n%m@er of B5 S, pop%lation
Many potential @eneficiaries do not $a4e assets liAe $o%ses! land etc! '$ic$
can @e de4eloped or %pgraded- 7o'e4er! in certain cases '$ere land 'it$
potential @eneficiaries 'as a4aila@le in RaBsamand district! t$e most
preferred asset 'as d'elling %nits- Resid%al f%nds of "ndi4id%al Beneficiary
Sc$emes are %sed for S, comm%nities liAe roads! c%l4erts! comm%nity $alls!
small drains! etc-
"n Bans'ara also @eneficiaries %nder "ndi4id%al Beneficiary Sc$emes prefer
d'elling %nits and irrigation canals (naali) in ones o'n field- All t$ese assets
are meant for income generation- 7o'e4er t$e d'elling 'as %sef%l only in
impro4ing t$e standard of li4ing and does not assist in long term income
generation-
Based on t$e needs of potential @eneficiaries 8ram 5anc$ayats recommend t$e
type of assets to @e created- ,$ese recommendations are 4etted @y respecti4e
5anc$ayat Samitis and incl%ded in t$e appro4ed Ann%al Action 5lan of t$e <illa
5aris$ad- "n t$e selection of assets! t$e t$ree tiers of 5R"s! incl%ding V5s! are
in4ol4ed 'it$o%t any inter4ention of administrati4e officials- Selection of
@eneficiaries is done @y 5R"s- 6omm%nities participate in it-
Redressal of *rieances
"n case of grie4ances! @eneficiaries approac$ t$e 8ram 5anc$ayat- "f t$ey are
not resol4ed at t$e 85 le4el! @eneficiaries can approac$ B(O or 6EO <illa
5aris$ad-
At t$e state le4el monitoring is done @y (ep%ty Secretary in0c$arge of S8R9-
6$airman or 6EO <illa 5aris$ad monitors it at t$e district le4el- Monitoring is
done @y 6$airman "5 at t$e "5 le4el '$ile it is done @y Sarpanc$ at V5 le4el-
oases
Most of t$e @eneficiaries are eit$er farm la@o%r! or marginal farmers or cas%al
la@o%r- By acE%iring assets liAe irrigation canals! deepening of 'ells! d'elling
%nits! etc- t$eir opport%nities for additional income $a4e s%@stantially
increased- ,$is $as also res%lted in e2tra days of employment and t$ere@y
@ro%g$t in significant impro4ement in t$e E%ality of t$eir li4es-
Co!!ents
#or a B5 @eneficiary! t$e foremost need is to increase t$e income and
t$is $as not @een completely taAen care of @y t$e type of assets pro4ided
to t$em %nder t$is program-
Assets liAe d'elling %nits $a4e @een created as per t$e g%idelines laid
do'n %nder t$e "ndira A'as 9oBana- ,$e money allotted for t$is 'as not
s%fficient- 7ence most of t$e @eneficiaries landed %p in de@t @eca%se
t$ey $ad to @orro' money to complete t$e asset as per t$e g%idelines so
t$at t$ey co%ld finally claim t$e @enefit %nder S8R9- ,$e assets 'ere
maintained properly and t$e E%ality of material %sed 'as also
satisfactory-
(%e to 'ide 4ariations in t$e proportion of S, pop%lation from district
to district! t$e reE%irement of f%nds %nder "ndi4id%al Beneficiary
Sc$emes is different for different districts to ac$ie4e eE%al le4el of
satisfaction- 7ence t$e allotment of f%nds for "BS s$o%ld not @e rigidly
pegged at 22-5N-
"t $as @een reported @ot$ at district and "5DV5 le4el t$at t$ere are delays
in recei4ing of second instalment of t$e ann%al f%nds and foodgrains-
,$is ca%ses delay in e2ec%tion of t$e program-
#%nds earmarAed for "ndi4id%al Beneficiary Sc$eme $a4e not @een %sed
entirely for its original p%rpose @%t 'ere %tiliCed for t$e comm%nity
@enefit 'orAs also in some cases-
S"&&estions
Non0f%nctioning VM6s res%lt in lacA of social control of t$e program-
Early remedial meas%res need to @e fo%nd-
(%e to 'ide 4ariations in t$e proportion of S, pop%lation from district
0to0district! t$e reE%irement of f%nds %nder "ndi4id%al Beneficiary
Sc$emes is different for different districts to ac$ie4e eE%al le4el of
satisfaction- 7ence t$e allotment of f%nds for "BS s$o%ld not @e rigidly
pegged at 22-5N-
,$e types of assets to @e created %nder t$e sc$eme s$o%ld @e more
inclined to'ards income generation rat$er t$an B%st a one room d'elling
%nit-
oases
TAMIL NADU
OBSERVATIONS
6reation of indi4id%al oriented assets for S6 people is noticed in
,$ir%4ar%r district only- "n Vir%d$%nagar district! most of t$e assets
created %nder t$e sc$eme are comm%nity assets- No indi4id%al assets are
pro4ided in t$e t$ree @locAs selected in t$is (istrict for t$e field s%r4ey-
"n ,$ir%4ar%r district! gro%p $o%ses constit%te t$e maBor indi4id%al
oriented asset created- ,$is $as made a long lasting impact for a large
n%m@er of people '$o @elong to S6 category- 7o'e4er! t$e ot$er
@enefits pro4ided %nder t$e sc$eme! liAe $and p%mp! etc- $a4e not made
a percepti@le difference in t$e li4ing conditions of t$e @eneficiaries as
most of t$ese assets are not in 'orAing condition no'-
As far as Stream " of S8R9 is concerned! t$e 8rama 5anc$ayats do not
$a4e any role in sc$eme D @eneficiary selection! sc$eme implementation
and maintenance of t$e assets created-
,$e selection of 85s for implementing t$e 'orAs %nder Stream " of
S8R9 is on t$e @asis of s%ggestions D recommendations of t$e
6o%ncilors of @ot$ BlocA and (istrict 5anc$ayats- ,$e list of 85s is
finaliCed @y t$e (istrict D BlocA 5anc$ayat 6o%ncil-
"ndi4id%als from 4illages approac$ t$e concerned 6o%ncilor to present D
for'ard $is demand for t$e @enefit %nder t$e sc$eme- Based on s%c$
applications! t$e 6o%ncilor presents $is s%ggestions to t$e 6o%ncil for
finaliCing t$e proposals of 'orAs to @e taAen %p as 'ell as t$e
@eneficiaries-
,$e proposals are scr%tiniCed and appro4ed @y t$e district collector '$o
is also t$e 6$airman of (R(A- "n case of discrepancies! t$e 6$airman
$as t$e po'er to re4ie' D c$ange t$e 'orA D @eneficiary- #or t$e
selection of ne' 'orAs D @eneficiaries t$e process $as to @e repeated-
,$e 8ram Sa@$a does not $a4e any role in selection of location! 'orA or
@eneficiaries %nder Stream " of S8R9-
,$e progress of t$e program implementation is monitored @y @ot$ B(Os
and 5roBect Officer! (R(A-
oases
Funds flow diagram for SGRY Stream I
Funds flow diagram for SGRY Stream II
"n t$e case of S8R9 K Stream "! t$e implementing agency is t$e BlocA
5anc$ayat! e4en for t$e 'orAs D @eneficiaries selected @y t$e (istrict
5anc$ayat- ,$e po'ers of (istrict 5anc$ayat are restricted to pass
resol%tions regarding t$e selection of 'orAs D @eneficiaries-
oases
#%nds
(R(A! S8R9 K Stream " Acco%nt
B(O! S8R9 K Stream " Acco%nt
Beneficiary
#%nds
(R(A! S8R9 K Stream "" Acco%nt
B(O! S8R9 K Stream "" Acco%nt
Beneficiary
"n t$e case of S8R9 K Stream ""! t$e implementing agency is t$e 8ram
5anc$ayat- ,$erefore! t$e f%nd for S8R9 K Stream "" is released directly
to t$e 8ram 5anc$ayat @y t$e (R(A-
"n t$e case of indi4id%al assets! materials reE%ired for asset creation are
pro4ided to t$e @eneficiaries @efore commencement of t$e 'orAs- ,$e
@alance amo%nt is released to t$e @eneficiaries (@y c$eE%e) after
completion of t$e 'orA-
,$e State s$are of 25N of t$e f%nds %nder S8R9 is released to t$e (R(A
Stream " acco%nt! 'it$in )5 days of recei4ing t$e 8o" s$are-
oases
UTTAR PRADES+
,$e E%icA e4al%ation st%dy in :ttar 5rades$ co4ered only S6 @eneficiaries in
t'o districts! Son@$adra and BiBnor- (istrict Son@$adra $as t$e $ig$est
percentage of S6 pop%lation in t$e state! and district BiBnor is close to t$e state
a4erage-
COVERAGE
1i?nor
,istrict
Son<)adra
Total no. o"
Sc)edules
,istrict 2
1loc$s
3 3 +
1ene"iciaries
Sc#e"!le" Castes
Sc#e"!les Tri&es
Total
+!
!
+!
8!
!
8!
340
0
34!
*on <ene"iciaries
+! +! 2!
Assets +! 4+ !+
Total 34 32! +34
LIMITATIONS
/eficienc# in Sa!+le Si0e of )loc1s
,$ere 'ere not eno%g$ @eneficiaries and assets %nder t$e "ndi4id%al
Beneficiary sc$eme for S6DS, in t$e ;0 85s co4ered! $ence
Only ).0 @eneficiaries and *. assets co%ld @e co4ered for t$e st%dy in
district BiBnor as against t$e targeted )10 @eneficiaries and .0 assets-
Allocation of ("nds
#%nds are allocated @y t$e district a%t$orities to t$e BlocAs and t$e gram
panc$ayats @ased on t$e total f%nds a4aila@le! total n%m@er of @locAs! n%m@er
of 4illages and t$e composition of B5 pop%lation-
8rains 'ere ne4er gi4en to t$e @eneficiaries-
oases
"n t$e "5 le4el 'orA! most @eneficiaries of t$e financial year 200;00* are
still a'aiting t$e distri@%tion of grains for t$eir la@o%r contri@%tion in
constr%cting t$eir $o%ses-
"n @ot$ t$e districts! t$e selection of @eneficiaries 'as done @y t$e panc$ayat
mem@ers-
Most of t$e @eneficiaries s%r4eyed $a4e not done any formality
t$emsel4es to seeA t$e @enefit- ,$ey got t$e @enefit t$ro%g$ some
intermediary-
"n some cases! t$e sarpanc$ also recommended names to t$e mem@ers
of <5 or "5-
7o'e4er! t$e selection of @eneficiaries 'as not 'it$o%t @ias and
corr%ption- 8enerally t$e @eneficiaries 'ere relati4ely @etter off farmers-
"n @locA B$ora'al (Son@$adra)! se4eral cases came o%t t$at s$o'ed t$at t$e
@eneficiaries 'ere not needy B5 of t$e 4illage! @%t affl%ent relati4es of 5R"
mem@ers-
Since t$e )rt"ik Sarvek$"an register is prepared @y t$e panc$ayat and proof of
income in a 4illage is not permanent it is possi@le to manip%late it and fa4o%r
oneHs o'n people- ,$%s t$ose '$o 'ere linAed to t$e elected mem@ers co%ld
garner more @enefits-
Assets Created
,$e t'o districts differed significantly in t$e types of assets t$at 'ere created-
BiBnor foc%ssed only on $o%sing-
,$e maBor assets created %nder t$e indi4id%al @eneficiary oriented sc$eme in
district BiBnor 'ere $o%ses (d'elling %nits) and sanitary latrines-
"n t$e @locA le4el acti4ities! @eneficiaries 'ere gi4en material and t$ey
got in4ol4ed in constr%cting t$e $o%se t$emsel4es-
"n district Son@$adra! no 'orA 'as done for indi4id%al @eneficiaries for
t$e pre4io%s t'o financial years- ,$is 'orA is @eing done no'-
#or t$e financial years 200200; and 200;00* many ot$er 'orAs 'ere
%ndertaAen in t$e district '$ic$ 'ere general in nat%re! and not made
specifically for t$e S6s- ,$ese assets 'ere 'ells! ponds! $and p%mps! @iogas
plants and linA roads '$ic$ are %s%ally s$ared @y t$e '$ole 4illage comm%nity-
,$e assets created %nder t$e program are %sef%l for t$e @eneficiaries! and are
@eing %sed- 7o%ses are %sed for li4ing and 'ells are %sed for pota@le 'ater-
7o'e4er! in t$e case of sanitary latrines! t$e %sage is E%ite lo'- Beneficiaries
oases
%se t$em for storing items or only as a @at$room- ,$ey still go for open
defecation-
,$ere 'as no in4ol4ement of @locAs and 4illages in t$e selection of 'orAs-
Most of t$e @eneficiaries s%r4eyed 'ere %na'are of t$e different aspects of t$e
sc$eme from '$ic$ t$ey got t$e @enefit- "n fact! t$ey $a4e not done any
formality t$emsel4es to seeA t$e @enefit- ,$ey got t$e @enefit t$ro%g$ some
intermediary-
,$e decision on selection of 'orAs 'as made @y t$e respecti4e (R(As-
,$e comm%nity or t$e @eneficiaries 'ere also not in4ol4ed in t$e process
of acti4ity selection-
"n t$e 'orAs at t$e <5 le4el! t$e constr%ction 'as done t$ro%g$ pri4ate
contractors and t$e @eneficiaries contri@%ted as la@o%r-
#or getting S8R9 $o%ses! @eneficiaries $a4e to @ri@e Rs- *!000 to Rs- 5!000-
,$ere 'as no program monitoring @y t$e senior officials- ,$e (R(As co%ld not
pro4ide t$e list of t$e assets and @eneficiaries immediately- ,$ey tooA more
t$an t'o 'eeAs to get t$is information collected from t$e &%nior Engineers of
t$e <5 and "5- ,$is may @e partly d%e to s$ortage of professional staff or d%e to
callo%s attit%de of go4ernment employees-
,$e p%rpose of S6DS, indi4id%al component is to create economically 4ia@le
acti4ities- :nder creation of assets s%c$ as $o%ses or sanitary latrines! t$e
@eneficiary earns only '$at $e contri@%tes as la@o%r- ,$ere are no e2tra
ret%rns-
,$e assets created in sample @locAs are not income generating assets-
,$o%g$ people are $appy 'it$ t$e $o%se or sanitary toilets! @%t t$ey do not
en$ance t$eir income- ,$is also goes against t$e g%idelines of t$e sc$eme- E4en
'ells and $and p%mps do not generate income alt$o%g$ t$ey are important for
E%ality of life-
5onds! @iogas plants and roads are %sef%l @%t t$ese assets are t$e
comm%nity assets and not indi4id%al-
oases
Co!!ents
"dentifying a 4ia@le proBect for income generation at t$e 4illage le4el is a 4ery
c$allenging tasA- =$ene4er t$e officials 'ere asAed to t$inA of 4ia@le proBects
t$ey start t$inAing in terms of dairy and piggery- B%t e4en t$ese 'ere not taAen
%p %nder S8R9-
Entreprene%rs$ip reE%ires Ano'ledge t$at t$e r%ral poor lacA- "lliterate persons
cannot @e s%ccessf%l entreprene%rs- ,$ey are not capa@le of $andling
prod%cti4e enterprises- ,$e maBor employment possi@ilities in t$e r%ral milie%
'$ic$ may also $a4e for'ard linAages are 'orA in infrastr%ct%ral proBects!
trading and traditional acti4ities '$ic$ are still in demand (s%c$ as m%sic @and!
masonry! repairs and mec$anical Bo@s! etc-)-
"t is 'ell Ano'n t$at :5 lacAs a 'orA c%lt%re- ,$is calls for training and
orientation of all t$e go4ernment employees '$o are in4ol4ed in r%ral
de4elopment sc$emes- R%ral de4elopment is not a p%rely administrati4e Bo@- "t
$as a 4ision and a mission- =orAers are not prepared for t$em-
,$e a'areness a@o%t r%ral de4elopment programs is 4ery poor in @ot$ t$e
districts- ,$is is a pro@lem in all t$e s%r4ey 4illages- Most of t$e @eneficiaries
s%r4eyed 'ere %na'are of t$e different aspects of t$e sc$eme from '$ic$ t$ey
got t$e @enefit- "n fact! t$ey $a4e not done any formality t$emsel4es to seeA t$e
@enefit- ,$ey got t$e @enefit t$ro%g$ some intermediary- ,$e information!
ed%cation and comm%nication ("E6) in r%ral de4elopment program is 4ery poor
in t$ese districts and it s$o%ld not @e a s%rprise to find e4en t$e ed%cated
@eneficiaries '$o are %na@le to tell '$ic$ sc$eme t$ey got t$e @enefit from-
,$ere is a strong need for "E6 campaigns-
,$e program is marred 'it$ corr%ption! partic%larly t$e $o%sing
component-
#or getting S8R9 $o%ses! @eneficiaries $a4e to @ri@e Rs- *!000 to Rs- 5!000-
,$is @ri@e 'as taAen to get t$eir names appro4ed and 'as s$ared @y @locA
panc$ayat mem@er! Cila panc$ayat mem@er! sarpanc$ and t$e contractor- "t
appears t$at t$e officials! elected mem@ers and contractors $a4e coll%ded in t$e
corr%pt practices- E4eryone Ano's t$e rates and accepts it as part of t$e deal-
,$ey do not oppose it or complain a@o%t it-
8i4ing material in place of cas$ is also a so%rce of corr%ption- On t$e ot$er
$and t$e officials say t$at if yo% gi4e t$em cas$ t$ey 'ill not constr%ct t$e
$o%se! and t$ey 'ill %se t$e cas$ for any ot$er p%rpose- BlocA officials narrate
stories of A(Os '$o 'ere terminated @eca%se t$ey co%ld not s$o' t$e $o%ses
for '$ic$ cas$ 'as distri@%ted %nder "ndira A'as or ot$er sc$emes-
8enerally! people $a4e no Ano'ledge and %nderstanding of t$e sc$eme and its
@enefits t$ey are s%pposed to get %nder t$em- o' literacy and poor program
a'areness adds to t$e 'oes- ,$ey depend on t$e person referring t$eir names
to do t$e formalities '$o are professional middlemen-
S"&&estions
oases
At t$e district and @locA le4els t$e concept of S6DS, component %nder S8R9 is
not 'ell %nderstood- #or t$e s%ccess of t$e sc$eme! it is of %tmost importance
t$at t$e @locAs engage in @rain storming e2ercise to identify a s$elf of proBects
and g%ide t$e poor- ,$e proBects s$o%ld @e s%ita@le to t$e area and t$e c%lt%re
and traditions of people- ,$e selection of acti4ities s$o%ld @e dri4en @y t$e
demand rat$er t$an t$e s%pply factors! and s$o%ld @e @ased on so%nd
assessment of t$e sAills of @eneficiaries and marAet conditions-
"t m%st @e stressed t$at t$e @iggest need of t$e r%ral poor is t$e de4elopment of
sAills- ,$ey also lacA information a@o%t t$e district and @locA le4el go4ernance
and t$e 4ario%s sc$emes la%nc$ed @y t$e go4ernment- ,o @enefit t$em t$ro%g$
go4ernment initiati4es is to $elp t$em in selecting a 4ia@le economic acti4ity
'it$ or 'it$o%t t$e financial s%pport from t$e go4ernment- "t $as to @e realiCed
t$at Ano'ledge is as important to s%ccessf%l enterprise as credit-
At t$e @locA le4el t$e management information system reE%ires strengt$ening-
,$e information from t$e 8ram 5anc$ayats s$o%ld s'iftly flo' @et'een t$e
4illages and t$e @locAs t$ro%g$ t$e 8ram Sac$i4sDsecretaries- 5resently! t$eir
4ie' is t$at since t$e f%nds do not come to 8ram 5anc$ayat t$ro%g$ @locA!
s$o%ld t$ey neednHt report to t$e @locA- A @etter information system 'o%ld $elp
monitor t$e program @etter and 'ill red%ce t$e e2tent of corr%ption and
mis%tilisation of t$e f%nds-
,$e <5 and "5 le4el 'orAs of S8R9 are too &E0centric- Only t$e &E Ano's
a@o%t t$e @eneficiaries and t$e 'orAs done %nder S8R9- ,$e positions of A5Os
are 4acant and all t$e 'orA is done @y &Es- O@4io%sly! &Es $a4e t$e tec$nical
Ano'ledge a@o%t t$e 'orAs! @%t t$ey are not trained or moti4ated to mo@iliCe
people- A stronger role of N8Os and filling %p of (R(A 4acancies 'ill @e
$elpf%l in monitoring t$e proBects-
oases
4EST BENGAL
(istrict 6ooc$@e$ar 'it$ more t$an 50 percent of S6 pop%lation and district
7oog$ly 'it$ almost 2* percent S6 pop%lation '$ic$ is close to 5t$e state
a4erage 'ere taAen %p in =est Bengal for t$e E%icA e4al%ation of t$e indi4id%al
Beneficiary oriented sc$eme of S8R9 for S6DS,s-
6ertain parts of 7oog$ly district are affected @y floods reg%larly- ,$ese floods
affect all comm%nities eE%ally- Since t$e S6 pop%lation in t$ese areas is not too
large! t$ere is no need to initiate programs specifically for S6 pop%lation to
mitigate $ards$ips ca%sed d%e to floods as t$ese calamities affect all
comm%nities of t$e district-
COVERAGE
Cooc)<e)ar
,istrict
@oo:)l&
Total no. o"
Sc)edules
,istrict
2
1loc$s 3 3 +
4illa:e 5anc)a&ats
3! 3! +!
1ene"iciaries
Sc#e"!le" Castes
Sc#e"!les Tri&es
Total
8! 8! 3+!
Assets
+! +! 2!
Total 334 334 ++8
Allocation of ("nds
(R(A dis@%rses t$e money to all t$e t$ree tiers of panc$ayats and s%@seE%ent
actions on implementation of t$e program are taAen @y t$e 5R"s as per t$e
AA5-
<ila 5aris$ad in =est Bengal does not taAe %p 'orAs directly in any of
t$e 85s- "mplementation of 'orA of f%nds of <5 is directed t$ro%g$
@locA office only-
"t 'as gat$ered from (ep%ty Secretary 5R t$at in t$e state sometimes it
is not possi@le to spend t$e allotted money on "BS as t$e prospecti4e "BS
eit$er $a4e no land for de4elopment or needing irrigation facilities etc or
site for $o%se @%ilding- "n s%c$ cases! t$e resid%al money is spent on
S6DS, comm%nity 'orA or general 'orA-
oases
8o4t- of =est Bengal 4ide t$eir letter no 2;.+ (;1) KS8R90"D"S02D2002
dated 2+t$ May 200; and corrigend%m No- ;*2) (;/)0S8R90"D"SD2002
dated &%ne .t$ 200; $a4e directed districts t$at indi4id%al @eneficiary
sc$eme for S6DS, people s$o%ld @e taAen %nder S8R90"" o%t of t$e
stated year marAed allocations and comm%nity @enefiting sc$emes
s$o%ld @e taAen %p %nder S8R90" o%t of aforesaid 50N ann%al
allocation- "n t$e same letter! pro4ision of sanitary latrines %nder S8R90
" $as @een totally for@idden-
"n all @locAs of 7oog$ly district! "BS f%nds 'ere %sed for general 'orAs
of S6DS, comm%nity liAe @%ilding roads! c%l4erts etc-
"n 7oog$ly district! alt$o%g$ <5 allocated its o'n f%nds of S8R90" to
4ario%s @locAs for e2ec%tion of 'orAs! t$ey did not $a4e a record of
'orAs t$at 'o%ld acco%nt for t$e money spent @y t$e @locAs- ,$ey did
not $a4e a list @locA 'ise 'orAs taAen in t$e district-
"t 'as noted t$at 4ery $ig$ proportion of 'orA cost $ad @een spent on
p%rc$ase of materialG t$ere@y f%nds %sed for 'ages ('$ic$ is t$e @asic
concept of S8R9) $a4e @een less-
Ann"al Action Plan
<illa 5aris$ad prepares ann%al action plan @ased on proposals of 85s
and "5s and recommendation of its o'n and nominated mem@ers- ,$e
total financial o%tlay is Aept at )25N of pre4io%s yearHs allocation-
AssetsD'orAs are taAen %p as per t$e AA5 @%t d%e to s$ortage of f%nds and
e2tensi4e range of 'orAs and assets! not all of t$em are taAen %p! and if so! t$ey
are left mid'ay-
Rice is distri@%ted as 'ages-
"n =est Bengal! 4illagers normally cons%me @oiled rice '$ic$ at many times is
not a4aila@le in #6" godo'ns and $ence #6" insists on iss%ing ra' rice- Ra'
rice is not accepta@le to t$e @eneficiaries and t$is creates pro@lems for 5R"s-
,$ere is also a pro@lem of non0a4aila@ility of foodgrain on time-
Allotment of rice @y #6" in 20 instalments made e2tra e2pendit%re on
transportation and %nnecessary 'astage of time of f%nctionaries- 7ence! t$e
distri@%tion of grains 'as delayed to @eneficiaries-
5rocess of selection of @eneficiaries is done @y 8ram Sa@$as and 4etted @y t$e
5anc$ayat Samitis-
oases
Assets Created
5R"s play a 4ital for selection of assets-
6ommon assets %nder t$e sc$eme are ="=:e r;=AsB8C* s8n;>8r"
:8>r;nes* <o8>s* seC;n< 98=B;nes '$ic$ 'ere p%rc$ased @y 5R"s for
indi4id%al economic acti4ities for income and employment generation-
=orAs liAe land de4elopment! irrigation and %pgradation of $o%ses $as
@een minimal in t$e t'o districts-
5R"s are f%lly empo'ered and 4ery effecti4e in t$e state regarding
implementation of S8R9 program in t$e State- (ecisions regarding selection of
'orAs! @eneficiaries! allocation of f%nds to "5s (BlocAs) and implementation of
t$e 'orAs are directly taAen %p @y 5R"s at different le4els-
,otal in4ol4ement of 5R"s-
"n terms of management of f%nds too! all t$e t$ree tiers of 5R" are
acti4ely in4ol4ed-
,$ere is total participation of comm%nity! since t$e selection of @eneficiaries is
done @y 5R"s and not @y t$e 8o4ernment f%nctionaries-
Non a4aila@ility of food grains on time-
ate receipt of f%nds of 2nd instalment-
<5 o4ersees t$e 'orAs '$ile 85 and "5 closely monitor 'orAs-
VM6 meeting are not taAing place in =est Bengal d%e to protocol
pro@lem- "n =est Bengal! 6$airman <ila 5aris$ad $as stat%s of Minister
of State '$ic$ is considered $ig$er t$an a Mem@er of 5arliament- =$ile
according to t$e g%idelines! one of t$e M5 from t$e area is t$e 6$airman
of VM6- "t $as @een stated on @e$alf of =est Bengal 8o4ernment t$at
t$e State 8o4ernment $as already taAen %p t$is matter 'it$ t$e 6entre-
.n Inco!e and E!+lo#!ent
Allotment of assets liAe cycle 4an ricAs$a'! goats and se'ing mac$ines
to t$e @eneficiaries for $a4e definitely made a positi4e impact on t$eir
income- By pro4iding t$ese assets to t$e @eneficiaries a long term
potential for employment $as @een generated-
oases
,$ere is also additional employment generation from t$ese assets-
According to t$e officials! since most of t$e S6s do not posses eit$er agric%lt%re
land or $o%ses! $ence! no land de4elopment or %pgradation of $o%ses can @e
taAen %p-
Assets liAe $o%ses and sanitary latrines are no income generating assets
@%t t$ey $a4e definitely pro4ided sec%rity to t$e @eneficiaries- Also
employment 'as generated for t'o mont$s d%ring t$e constr%ction of
t$ese assets-
Beneficiaries are more t$an satisfied-
C.%%E7TS
"n some of 85s of 6ooc$@e$ar " @locA of 6ooc$@e$ar district! money $as
@een spent on p%rc$ase of items liAe p%mps @%t $ad not @een deli4ered
to t$e intended persons- 7ence! t$o%g$ t$e e2pendit%re $as @een s$o'n
no @eneficiaries 'ere listed in #9 200;00*-
Most @eneficiaries 'ere not a'are a@o%t program %nder '$ic$ t$ey $a4e
a4ailed @enefit- According to t$em! it is t$e 8ram 5anc$ayat '$ic$ gi4en
t$em t$e @enefit-
"n 7oog$ly district! '$ere t$e percentage of S6 pop%lation is close to t$e
State le4el a4erage! t$e administration finds it diffic%lt to $a4e s%fficient
potential @eneficiaries for t'o reasonsJ
o ,$ere is not eno%g$ n%m@er of B5 S6 pop%lation in certain
pocAets-
o Many of t$e potential @eneficiaries do not $a4e assets liAe $o%ses!
land etc '$ic$ can @e de4eloped or %pgraded-
,$ere 'ere no payment of 'ages in cas$ or food grain to t$e
@eneficiaries '$o acE%ired economic assets liAe cycle 4an ricAs$a'!
goats and se'ing mac$ines since t$ere 'as only p%rc$ase of
materialDasset rat$er creating-
#le2i@ility in g%idelines regarding "BS may entail land poor-
,$ere is need for fle2i@ility in earmarAing of f%nds for "BS as it 'as noticed in
7oog$ly district t$at s%fficient n%m@er of potential @eneficiaries 'ere not
a4aila@le- ,$ese f%nds 'ere %tiliCed for general 'orAs in S6 area- Since t$is is a
gen%ine pro@lem! t$e g%idelines may @e s%ita@ly amended-
oases

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