PASS NOTES

Technology, participation and Performance

Preparation and performance technology
To prepare for performance a participant can use a variety of technology applications.
Some of these include:
Drinking a sports drink
Listen to MP3 to mentally prepare your self
Recording technique and modifying action to improve skill
Heart rate monitor to prepare for physical activity
Comprises of a recorder and a receive
Helps participant exercise at the required exertion level best results and safety
Data collected heart rate, time, distance covered, average and peak speeds
Data collected can be graphed this asissts with the athletes preparation by allowing the
athlete to train with the aqquired intensitry and it helps to evaluate what improvements
they have made
Technique Analysis
Uses cameras and recorders
Athlete is recorded while performing a skill or movement
It captures pictures of the athlete moving
Helps athlete recognise faults and areas for improvement
Coaches can identify weaknesses or incorrect technique and prepare a program to correct
them
Preparing for the performance is important in giving the athlete every chance to succeed.
Performance the application of technology in sport and physical
activity
A variety of technologies can be used to assist athletes during physical activity/their performance
It could include changes in clothing, equipment, hydration techniques and safety.
Clothing have helped improve the ability and safety of an athlete:
Shoes more comfort, more cushioning, support, grip and styles. Lead to fewer injuries and
Compression garments removes lactic acid build up, speeds up recovery from fatigue,
Fabrics e.g. Jerseys made out of Lycra draw out sweat from the body to keep athletes heat
levels lower
Equipment range from medical, safety or actual playing equipment. Scientists have helped
make equipment that is stronger, lighter, faster and more resilient. Athletes with disabilities
can be more active and involved In sports e.g. wheel chairs,prosethetics
Improvements of playing surfaces improvements in grass and level of surfaces, greater use
of watering and cleaning to ensure surfaces last longer.
Judging and Officiating
Tools available to judges:
Cameras
Television
Recording devices
Replays
Invention of television and recording devices has abled judges to replay situations in an event to
make a decision. E.g. tennis players can now challenge a call and ask for a replay using video replay.
Cricket deciding if the batter is out or not using hotspot
Sensor touch pads used at the start or finish of swimming and athletics. Give accurate timing for
races and enable judges to record exact times to 1/1000
th
second. Also catch an athlete who false
starts.
Wireless communication helps judges, officials assess performance of athlete and make decisions
E.g. Third umpire in rugby league- wireless technology helps first umpire make a decision whether it
was a try or not.
Impact of Technology
Participation rates
Positive Impacts
Has increased participation in physical activity affordable sporting equipment such as
treadmills, exercise balls etc. has allowed more people to have access to equipment.
-Improved standards of safety equipment has helped increase participation rates
decreased risk of injury reduces recovery time. Parents are more likely to let kids
participate if safety equipment is used
Negative impacts
Use of technology as receation
Computers, internet, game stations, television and mobile phones are devices that have
decreased participation rates
25% overweight or obsese in aust.

Improved standards





Illegal use of technology
Performance enhancing drugs
Has resulted in participants having an unfair advantage over other competitors
Contributed to athletes making unfair gains in personal bests and performances
How do drugs improve performance:
Quicken the recovery time between exhaustive sessions
Boosts bodys ability to handle performance
Extensive amounts of money are spent by organisations such as Australia anti-doping authority. They
carry out tests and













Physical Fitness
Benefits of Physical Fitness
PHYSICAL
- may help you lose weight
- Stronger muscles increase muscle mass and tone in your body
- Improve coordination
- Healthy heart and lungs keeps respiratory and cardiovascular system healthy
- Maintain a healthy weight
EMOTIONAL
- reduce stress, anxiety
-release endorphins which make you feel happy
- boosts self esteem
- makes you feel energetic
SOCIAL
- Opportunity to meet new people
- participating in a team sport with your friends can make physical fitness more fun
and enjoyable
- Friends will motivate you
GENERAL HEALTH
- for a healthy and balanced lifestyle

Health and Skill related components of fitness
HEALTH RELATED COMPONENTS
- Muscular endurance
- Cardiovascular endurance
- Body composition
-Muscular strength
- flexibility
SKILL RELATED COMPONENTS
- reaction time
- coordination
- power
- balance
- agility
- speed
(SEE Book for definitions)

Factors to be taken into account when planning an individuals exercise program
-preference
-goals
-ability
-age
-gender
-exercise history
The FITT principle
- FREQUENCY how often weekly basis 3 times a week
- INTENSITY effort how hard it is
-TYPE different depending on goals
-TIME 20-min hour
Training principles; overload, specificity, variety, reversibility, warm up and cool
down


Safety and injury prevention
- wear appropriate clothing and foot wear for activity
-hydration
-warm up prior to event prepare mentally reduce chance of injury
-protective equipment
- abide by rules
-set own goals go at own pace
- cool down after exercise reduce muscle soreness and stiffness
- stop exercise if you injure yourself

Purpose of physical fitness measurement
- starting point helps you determine your fitness level helps determine training
plan
- Identify your strengths and weaknesses
- monitor progress
- motivate or encourage
- assist in talent identification searching for athletes whose fitness tests profiles
match elite athletes in sport
- provide data for athletes returning from injury
Fitness Testing
- Beep test consists of running back and forth between two markers
- Flexibility test
- Agility test
- Body fat percentage test
- Sprint test how fast you can run in 60 metres

NUTRITION
Nutrition

The function, description and recommended intake of daily nutrients
- see sheet from Talia
Reasons why carbohydrate, fats and proteins are essential for athletes
Carbohydrates
- athletes preferred source for energy
- Endurance athletes benefit the most from carbohydrates stored in the body
- Glycogen is the bodys store of carbohydrate
- During digestion, the body breaks down carbs to glucose and stores it as glycogen
in the muscles
- During exercise, the glycogen is converted back to glucose and is used for energy
- If glycogen stores become depleted, the athlete will unable to maintain training
intensity and will experience fatigue
- Carbohydrates should provide 60-70% of total calories - for athlete
- Best source of carbohydrates are complex carbs bread, rice, pasta, cereal, fruits
and vegetables
Fats
- fats also provide the body with fuel
- if event lasts more than 1 hour, body may use mostly fats for energy
- using fat for energy depends on the events duration and the athletes condition
- Consumption of fat should not fall below 15% of total energy intake as it may
limit performance
- fat may contribute as much as 75% of the energy demand during prolonged
aerobic work


Protein
- After carbohydrates and fats, protein provides energy for the body
- extra protein consumed is stored as fat


Nutritional Planning; intake before, during and after physical activity
Fueling and hydrating the body are important factors any athlete should consider
before, during and after physical activity
PRE- EVENT
- athlete should consume snacks or a light meal dense in carbohydrates about 3-4
hours prior to event eating 3-4 hours before event allows for opt. digestion and
energy supply
- the bodys main source of energy in physical activity is carbohydrates which is
stored in the muscles as glycogen
- topping of glycogen stores in muscles can reduce fatigue and help you train or
perform at high intensities for longer
- the athlete should try to eat complex carbs e.g. bread, bake beans on toast,
cereal, pasta as they provide consistent energy to the body
- avoid foods high in fats take longer to digest
-dont eat a meal too high in protein- if glycogen stores are high the body will only
use 5% of its energy from protein
- foods high in sugar lead to a rapid rise in blood sugar, followed by a quick decline
in blood sugar and less energy.
- the athlete should also consider drinking fluids at intervals before physical
activity so they can keep hydrated avoid caffeine may lead to dehydration
- DONT EAT TO CLOSE TO event cause gastreointestinal discomfort and make you
feel nauseous
- drinking fluids too close can cause stomach upsets

DURING EVENT

-





POST EVENT
- time to replenish muscles as stores are depleted
- refuel muscle glycogen stores with carbohydrates
- repair muscle with protein
- rehydrate with fluids and electrolytes

Dietary considerations
(Venn Diagram)












Carbohydrate loading
- Carbohydrate Loading is a strategy involving changes to training and nutrition that
can maximize muscle glycogen (coarbohyrate) stores prior to endurance competition
Does it improve performance?
- the extra supply of carb has been demonstrated to improve performance by allowing
athletes to race at high intensities for longer
- carb loading can improve performance 2-3%

Purpose
- the goal of carb loading is to pack all or your bodys availavle glycogen stores with the
maximal amounts of energy
- full energy stores allow you to perform at high intensities for longer and delay the
onset of fatigue

Disadvantages
-can only be used for endurance athletes participating in activity more than 90
minutes in length
-studies have shown carb loading is less beneficial in women

Factors to consider when planning nutritional intake for physical activity
- Age
- weight
- gender
- level of intensity of exercise
- how frequent
- duration of the activity
Marketed nutritional products and advertising techniques
- many products on the market claim to give athletes a winning edge through
better recovery, improved endurance, increased strength, loss of body fat or
enhanced immune system
- liquid meals
- nutritional bars
- supplements


- can be misleading
- claim to improve performance
- loose weight quickly
- strength
- better recovery/immune
-endurance
- bold colours
- big writing
- good images

Guidelines to evaluate nutritional claims
X - quick and simple results
X - dramatic statements against science
- specific and factual
- simple conclusion
Hydration