Chapter

Festivals 8
Unit 22 - Pchum
22a PchumBen
Ben – Did you use to celebrate Pchum Ben?
1 Unscramble the letters to make the correct words. Write them in
your notebook.
A B C D E

ainecgtr aicpnlmo nseussbi bsos caotrens

2 T.8.22.1 Listen and answer the question.

* Why doesn't Vuthy's family attend the Pchum Ben ceremony?

3 T.8.22.1 Choose the correct form that you hear.

a. When I was younger we used to go / went for a whole week. Now we worked /
work at the restaurant the entire holiday.
b. I looked forward / used to look forward to going and seeing my cousins. Now
we
c. only went / go for one day to attend the Pchum Ben ceremony.
I used to help / helped my grandmother make Num Ansorm and Num Korm, it
d. was great fun.
Before my parents owned the Chinese restaurant, they used to do / did
e. catering
for parties and we had time to go to two or three Pagodas.
4 She says when she was young, families didn’t work / didn’t use to work
Rules.
during
* When I was because
the holiday five, I used to be afraid
businesses of the
would dark.
close. Form:
* He used to have a lot of friends, but now he doesn't + used to + verb
have very many. - didn’t use to + verb
* They didn't use to speak so rudely when they were ? Did … use to + verb
younger.
* Did you use to play in the mud when you were a kid?
Complete the rule:
Used to + verb expresses a habit or situation that happened in
the ,
but doesn't happen .
140 Pchum Ben
 Chapter 8, Unit 22, Lesson A

5 Then and now.

Look at how Mr Sovann is retiring at the end of this school year, lately he has been
looking through old photos and has found one from his first year as a school
director.
Write five sentences in your notebook about how he was then.
1995 Now
Example: Mr Sovann used to wear a
tie.
1. fat.
2. lowers on his desk.
3. a smaller office.
4. glasses.
5. to the radio in his
office.

6 Match sentences a-e with sentences 1-5. Write the answers in

your notebook.

a. Phirum used to watch lots of movies. 1. He doesn't anymore, he lost a lot of

b. We used to go to Siem Reap for weight.
holiday. 2. I sold it a year ago and bought a
c. Theary and I used to play volleyball. saxophone.
d. Akara used to weigh a lot. 3. She reads novels now.
e. I used to play the guitar. 4. He still plays sometimes, but I don't
play anymore.
5. We don't go there anymore. We
prefer
Kep now.

T.8.22.2 Listen and check.

7 How have you changed?

* Ask your partner questions about the topics you brainstormed, about how
you've changed.
Example: A: Did your mum use to choose your clothes for you when you
were younger?
B: Oh, yes. Sometimes she still wants to do that!
-or-
A: What did you use to do after school when you were a kid?
B: I used to play video games. Did you use to play video games
after school?

Pchum Ben 141

 Chapter 8, Unit 22, Lesson B

22b Pchum Ben - I didn't use to celebrate Pchum Ben

1 Crossword Puzzle. Complete the puzzle with the words from the
box. Write them in your notebook.
community compound deceased festival
merit offering participate receive sticky
C
spirit tradition

Across Down
2. a group of people in an area based on 1. to get or be given something
common interest or circumstances 3. a person who has died
4. a special day or period, usually in 5. a belief or way of acting that people
memory of a religious event, with social have followed for a long time
activities, food or ceremonies 8. having something on it that makes
6. to take part in or become involved in an it stay in one piece
activity 10. influence given for good works
7. the nonphysical part of a person regarded
as a person's true self that survives death
9. an area surrounded by fences or walls
which contains a group of buildings
11. something given as an act of religious
worship

2 Read and answer the question.

* What new Tradition does Samnang's local Pagoda follow?

Pchum Ben is a holiday in Cambodia which is celebrated to remember our

deceased ancestors. The Pchum Ben festival is on the 15th day of the 10th month in
the Khmer
calendar. When I was a younger man, I 1 (celebrate) it as much as
I
do now.
When I was a child, I 2 (be) lazy and liked sleeping late.
During Pchum Ben my family would go to the early morning ceremony at the
pagoda to throw sticky rice ball offering for the evil spirits and I 3
(stay)
142 Pchum in bed to sleep.
Ben
 Chapter 8, Unit 22, Lesson B

After high school, I moved to Pursat Province. My wife and I 4 (travel)

back to my home village in Svay Rieng for Pchum Ben every year. Now I don't like to
travel such a long way for such a short time. My family and I now stay home during
the holiday. We 5 (visit) the local pagodas because we would travel
to
Svay Rieng instead. Then for many years we didn't make any offerings to our
ancestors because they were so far away.
A few years ago my wife took me to a Kan Ben at a local pagoda and I enjoyed
myself. I really liked the head monk. As a young man I 6 (take) the
ceremony
seriously, I 7 (pretend) I was interested. Now I am interested, because
I really like a new tradition he has started among his local community. He said that
people 8 (throw) rice balls and it made the pagoda
compound
dirty. He also said that younger people 9 (play around), not
being serious about the ceremony. He decided to only have the rice thrown into
baskets, which was then blessed by monks. Then, a small bit of the rice is thrown on
the ground as an offering to be received by the spirits. They offer the rest of the rice
to the poor families in the community. By offering the rice to the poor, people are
earning more merit by helping those who are not as well off.
I 10 (participate) in my community much. Now I sponsor a Kan
Ben each year and feel very happy when I do it.
3 Read the story again and fill in the blanks using 'used to ' or 'didn't
used to ' and the correct form of the verb in brackets. Write your
answers in your notebook.
T.8.22.3 Listen and check.

4 T.8.22.4 Listen and repeat.

* Notice that use to and used to are pronounced in the same way I ju st tu I.
a. Did you use to be afraid of the dark?
b. I used to be afraid of the dark.
c. I didn't use to be afraid of the dark.

5 Changes in my life.
* Compare your Grade 9 self with your Grade 6 self. Choose 5 of the ideas
and write true sentences about how you've changed in your notebook.
* Use the ideas in the box or your own.
clothes music books appearance colors TV shows
films sport food personality friends free time activities

Then Colors: I used to like blue. Now I like green.

and TV: I didn't use to watch football on TV. Now I watch it every night.
Now Appearance: I used to have long wavy hair. I cut it, now it is short and straight.

Pchum Ben 143

 Chapter 8, Unit 22, Lesson C

22c Pchum Ben - Did you use to like it?

1 Memories.
* Write a question for each answer.
Example: a. I used to have to do it every
day. Did you use to have to look after
your
siblings every day?
b. I used to like it. Did you use to like J-
pop?

1. I used to watch it every week. 2. I used to hate doing it.

Did you use to watch every week? Did you use to hate doing ?

3. I always used to play it after school. 4. I used to have one.

Did you after school? Did ?

5. I used to want one when I was younger. 6. I didn't use to eat it.
? ?

* Think about how you would use the sentences above to say something about
yourself that is true. Write your answer for each in your notebook.
* With a partner take turns asking your questions and trying to guess what they
used to do/have.
Example: A: I used to have to do it every day.
B: Did you use to have to look after your siblings every day?
A: No. I don't have any younger siblings.
B: Did you use to have to work in your parents' shop?
A: Yes. I used to have to work there after school every day while
my mother fed my little sister.

2 Rewrite the sentences in your notebook with the correct form of

'used to '.
Example: They lived in a big house, but they had to move.
They used to live in a big house, but they had to move.

1. I loved exercising in the evening, but now I'm too tired.

2. I sat in my grandmother's kitchen and watched her cook.
3. I was quite fat. Then, I went on a diet and lost ten kilos.
4. Makara was one of the rowdiest boys in the class, but he's much better
now.
5. We didn't have a dog when I was younger.
6. Did you spend your holidays in Kompong Som?
T.8.22.5 Listen and check.

144 Pchum Ben

 Chapter 8, Unit 22, Lesson C

3 People used to …
Student A: Turn to page 254.
Student B: Turn to page 266. Before the invention of the light bulb,
people used to .
people didn't use to .

4 Did you use to?

● Flip the bottle cap and move your game piece.

● If you land on a square with a question, ask the person on your
● left.
If you land on a square with a statement, answer it.

Start I / play Did / have Did / share

with . / pet? bedroom?
I / collect
.

I / didn't
have /
many
What / My / Where / Did / lie /
biggest .
mother / spend / your
fear / be . holidays? partner?
I / play
. child?

What /
sports /
pl y?
a
What /
I / didn't / I / listen to / My cursh /
favourit
? e
. . Finish
cartoon
?

Congratulations!
You finished Unit 22! Tick (✓) the things you can do.
I can talk about past habits that I used to have. 
I am able to ask questions about habits others used to have.

I can write sentences about things I used to or didn't use to do.


Pchum Ben 145

 Unit 23 - Independence
23a Day Day - How our independence was earned
Independence
1 Crossword Puzzle. Complete the puzzle with the words from
the box. Write them in your notebook.
p
f celebrate commemorate decorate
fireworks independence freedom
parade protectorate pigeon
symbolize

Across Down
2. Small container filled with explosive 1. A country which is generally controlled
chemicals which produce bright and defended by a more powerful
coloured patterns or loud noises country.
when they explode in the sky. 2. The condition of being allowed to
7. Freedom from being governed or do, say, think, etc. whatever you
ruled by another country. want, without being controlled or
8. To take part in special enjoyable limited.
activities in order to show that a 3. To represent something.
particular occasion is important. 4. To remember officially and give
9. To add something to an object or respect to a great person or event.
place, especially in order to make it 5. A large number of people walking or in
more attractive. vehicles, as part of a public celebration
of something.
6. A large grey or white bird, which is often
seen in towns sitting on buildings in large
groups, and is sometimes eaten as food.
2 T.8.23.1 Listen and answer the question.
* What do the white pigeons and balloons symbolize?

146 Independence Day

 Chapter 8, Unit 23, Lesson A

3 T.8.23.1 Listen again and choose the correct form that you hear.
a. The history of Cambodia's independence from France is learned / was learned
by all students in primary school.
b. The country was ruled / ruled by France for 90 years.
c. Every year in Phnom Penh a ceremony performed / is performed at
Independence Monument to commemorate our freedom.
d. I remember the streets and buildings decorated / were decorated with the
national flag.
e. White pigeons and balloons released / are released to symbolize our freedom.
f. I was frightened / frightened when the loud booms and bright lights started
flashing.
4 Rules. Turn to page 254.
* Look at tapescript 8.23.1 on page 239. Find 1 example of each tense in the
story. Write them in your notebook.

5 Complete the sentences with the 'present simple passive ' or

'past simple passive '.
a. The classroom every day. (clean)
b. Angkor Wat in Siem Reap.
(locate)
c. It of red stones more than 800 years ago.
(make)
d. your breakfast always by your mother?
(cook)
e. Rome in a day. (not
build)
f. My motorcycle last week.
(steal)
6 Rewrite the sentences in the passive form.
a. In 1863 King Norodom signed an agreement with France to create a
protectorate
over theFrance
with kingdom. An agreement
to create by King Norodom in 1863
a protectorate over the kingdom.
b. In 1887 the French Government included Cambodia in the Indochinese Union.
Cambodia
c. The French gave Cambodia self-rule in 1946.
Cambodia
d. France chose Prince Norodom Sihanouk as king on 9 November 1953.
Prince Norodom Sihanouk
e. From 1953 to 1970 people called Cambodia the “Kingdom of Cambodia”.

f. People think of King Father Norodom Sihanouk as the 'Father of Cambodian

Independence'.

T.8.23.2 Listen and check.

Independence Day 147

 Chapter 8, Unit 23, Lesson B

23b Independence Day - How it was won

1 Match the words to the pictures. Write them in your notebook.

accept struggle join forbid officials

A B C D E

2 Read and answer the question.

* Why did the King travel to the United States, Canada and
Japan?
During World War II, Cambodia's protectorate agreement
was ended by the Japanese Army. When the war ended, the
king was told by France that his declaration1 of independence
was
not accepted.
After France returned to Cambodia, King Sihanouk worked
tirelessly to get independence. In June 1952 a promise was made to the
Cambodian people that full independence would be gotten in three years.
In February 1953 King Sihanouk started what is called his
'Royal Crusade for Independence'. He traveled to France to argue his country's
case. Many letters were written and many meetings with French government
officials were held. ɜ ing Sihanouk's wish for full independence was requested in
each one. Unfortunately, he was refused each time.
To help his promotion, it was decided that Cambodia's wishes for independence
should be publicized. It was thought that perhaps general public opinion2 from
around the world would help the country realize its dream. The King traveled to the
United States, Canada and Japan and it was hoped that letting the world know
about Cambodia's struggle for freedom would help make France change their
mind.
When his tour was finished, the ɜing exiled
himself to Siem Reap. In June of 1953 ordinary
Cambodians were called on to mobilize for a
possible war with France. The King was joined
in Battambang by
400,000 Cambodians who were ready to fight for
their right to freedom. This caused the French
government to think again about its position in
Indo-China.
with Laos and OnVietnam.
3 July 1953, it was declared that
Cambodia would be given independence along
1
declaration: the formal announcement of the beginning of a state or condition.
2
public opinion: views held by common people.
148 Independence Day
 Chapter 8, Unit 23, Lesson B

3 Read the text again. Match the sentence halves in Box A and B.
Write them in your notebook.
Box A
1. During World War II, Cambodia's
protectorate agreement was …
2. In June 1952 a promise was …
3. In February 1953 King Sihanouk
started what is …
4. It was ...
5. When his tour was …
6. On 3 July 1953, it was …
Box B
a. finished, the ɜing exiled himself to Siem Reap.
b. thought that perhaps general public opinion
from around the world would help the country
realize its dream.
c. declared that Cambodia would be given
independence along with Laos and Vietnam.
d. made to the Cambodian people that full
independence would be gotten in three years.
e. ended by the Japanese Army.
f. called his 'Royal Crusade for Independence'.

4 Unscramble the words in the box to make passive verbs. Then

use the verbs to complete the sentences.
aws / cedided swa / dotl saw / oedjni wree / dlelac swa / qdteueser

1. When the war ended, the king by France that his declaration of
independence was not accepted.
2. King Sihanouk's wish for full independence in each one.
3. To help his promotion, it that Cambodia's wishes for
independence
should be publicized.
4. In June of 1953 ordinary Cambodians on to mobilize for
a possible war with France.
5. The King in Battambang by 400,000 Cambodians who
wereready to fight for their right to freedom.

5 Write sentences about your experience growing up.

* Change the active verb to past simple passive.
* Write sentences about your experience growing up using the verbs in the
box.
Example: When I was a child, I was told to look after my younger brother.
When I was a child, I was (n't) ... (not) to
Active Past Simple Passive
1. tell was told
2. ask
3. teach
4. allow
5. give
6. forbid

Independence Day 149

 Chapter 8, Unit 23, Lesson C

23c Independence Day - Freedom

1 Crossword Puzzle. Complete the puzzle with the words from the
box. Write them in your notebook. p

e
conscript
economic
exile
financial
monarch
preliminary
triumph

Across
4. relating to trade, industry and money
5. relating to money or how money is
managed
7. to force someone by law to serve in
one of the armed forces
Down
1. coming before a more important action
or event, especially introducing or
preparing for it
2. the condition of someone being sent or
kept away from their own country, village
3. a king or queen
6. a very great success, achievement or
victory

2 Read and answer the question in your notebook.

* Which powers were turned over to King Norodom?

A King Comes Home As National Hero

PHNOM PENH, Cambodia Today, King Norodom
Sihanouk of Cambodia
1
(welcome) home to Phnom Penh in triumph, after six months of
voluntary exile.
He 2 (think) of as a national hero after winning Cambodia's independence
from France.
The monarch 3 (greet) by the ringing of church bells and firing of 100
cannons.
Preliminary agreements 4 (sign) in Kampong Cham.
Military powers to the kingdom 5 (turn over) by the French Resident
General M. Jean Risterucci to King Norodom yesterday.
Financial and economic controls still 6 (hold) by France, but officials
say discussions for their handover are continuing smoothly.
500,000 men 7 (order) by the king to be conscripted to defend the
country
after the French leave.
150 Independence Day
Adapted from The Examiner, Launceston, Tasmania 10 November 1953
 Chapter 8, Unit 23, Lesson C

3 Read the story again and fill in the blanks using the 'present
passive ' or 'past passive ' form of the verb in brackets.
4 Match the picture to its description.
* Work in groups.
* You have 5 minutes to correctly match the descriptions with their pictures.
1 2 a. It's very thin and long. It's made of steel.
It has a small hole at the top and a sharp
point at the end. It's used to sew things.
b. It's a tool. It's used by builders to cut wood.
It has a handle and a sharp blade.
The blade is made of steel and the
handle is made of wood.
3 4
c. It has a handle. It's a large rectangle. It's
used to carry clothing. It is made of
leather or plastic.
d. It is square shaped and very thick. It's
made of paper and has many pages. It
was used to find numbers.
5 6 e. It's big and round. It's made of plastic or
leather. It's very light. It is used to play
sport.
f. It's an instrument. It's very long and thin.
It's made of glass and mercury. It's used
by doctors and nurses to measure a
patient's temperature.
5 Pair work. Taboo.
Student A: Turn to page 255.
Student B: Turn to page 267.
Work with your partner and describe your items without saying the words
in
the box.
Example: A: It is often
madefound
of leather or plastic.
on the pitch. It is used to play sport.
B: A football.
A: Correct!

Congratulations!
You finished Unit 23! Tick (✓) the things you can do.
I can use the passive to describe things when I don't
know who or what did them. 
I am able to use the passive in the present and past tense. 
I can talk about Cambodia's history in the passive.

Independence Day 151
 Unit 24 - Water
24a Festival
Water Festival - I had never gone to the festival
1 Unscramble the letters in the box to make correct words. Match
them with the correct pictures and write them in your notebook.
A B C ebat
iottainmov
aolptpuoin
rcea
tame
nreiwn

D E F

2 T.8.24.1 Listen and answer the question.

* What had given the team motivation to race harder?

3 T.8.24.1
Listen again. Circle the words you hear.
1. They earned the chance to represent their village in Phnom Penh because they
won / had won their local boat race.
2. Some people were saying the city's population has increased / had increased
to
two times its size.
3. At the start of the boat races, his team had been / was the team to beat.
4. The King had stood up / was standing and had clapped / was clapping for
them.
T.8.24.2 Listen, check and repeat.
5. They lost to the team that had beaten / beat them in the race trials the day
before.
152 Water Festival
 Chapter 8, Unit 24, Lesson A

4 Rules of the past perfect.

A. They earned the chance to represent their village in Phnom Penh.
B. They had won their local boat race.

1. Which action happened first, ɑ or ɒ?

2. What are the two parts of the verb in sentence B?

Past Perfect can be used to talk about a completed action which happened
before another action in the past.

They earned the chance to represent their village in Phnom Penh because they
had won their local boat race.

Earlier Past Past Now

Form: had/hadn't + past participle

Positive: When I woke up, the streets were flooded with water. It had rained all night.

Negative: She hadn't heard him come into the room and she screamed when
she saw him.
Question: Had you read the book before you saw the movie?

5 Complete the sentences using the past perfect tense.

1. I (finish) doing the housework before they came.
2. She (not complete) her dress before the
party.
3. The film (start) when we arrived.
4. He was tired because he (not eat) anything since the morning.
5. Claire couldn't watch TV until she (complete) her homework.
6. What they (do) by 3 pm?

6 Finishing each other's sentences.

Student A: Turn to page 255.
Student B: Turn to page 267.
* Take turns reading your sentences to your partner.
* With your partner, finish the sentences using the past perfect
tense.
A: aWhen
Example: B: I arrived
long line at the cinema
had formed outside....

When I arrived at
the cinema …

… a long line had

formed outside.

Water Festival 153

 Chapter 8, Unit 24, Lesson B

24b Water Festival - I had never seen such a large crowd before
1 Unscramble the letters to make the correct words. Write them in
your notebook.
A B C D

aotlf nuaimlietl elcautcal nrae

2 Read quickly and answer the question.
* What does Heang think is the best way to experience Water Festival?

Piseth: The races sound like they were great, what about the rest of your time in
Phnom Penh? You didn’t just sit along the river and watch boats float by, did you?
Heang: No, there were many things I wanted to see. There were two things I
had planned
to do specifically on this trip. The first was to see the illuminated floats on the
river. My grandmother told me every year until she died that it was
the most
beautiful parade she had ever seen.
Piseth: I love the illuminated float parade.
Heang: Yeah, it was pretty awesome. The
other was something I'd always
dreamed about. Sokun Nisa has been
my favorite singer forever and seeing
her live was my biggest wish of all.
Piseth: You're lucky. I've always wanted to
see her. Did you take any photos?
Heang: No, I had left my phone with my aunt,
so it wouldn't get stolen. There were so many people. I was amazed at how
many
people had crowded into the riverside area. People were walking shoulder to
shoulder.
Piseth: Had you ever been in a crowd that large before?
Heang: No, but I was glad so many had travelled to Phnom Penh. Before I left for the
festival, my mother and I had made a large tray of ɑmbok for me to sell. On the first
evening of the Moon Salutation ceremony I had sold half of my tray by sunset.
After I paid my mum back for the ingredients, I calculated that I had earned
200,000 Riel.
Piseth: Wow that's
really good. Maybe
154 Water Festival
you should go to the
 Chapter 8, Unit 24, Lesson B

3 Underline the verbs in each sentence.

1. I was amazed at how many people had crowded into the riverside area.
2. No, but I was glad so many had travelled to Phnom Penh.
3. Before I left for the festival, my mother and I had made a large tray of Ambok for
me to sell.
4. After I paid my mum back for the ingredients, I calculated that I had earned
200,000 riels.
4 Which event happened first in each sentence in activity 3? What
event followed? Write the verbs.
1. First: Then:
2. First: Then:
3. First: Then: Last:
4. First: Then: Last:

5 Rules.

Using Past Perfect with the Simple Past

The 'past perfect ' can be used to describe an event in a time period that leads up
to another past event or time period. The 'simple past ' is used to describe the
later event or time period.
• I tried to get tickets for the concert but it had sold out.
• Laura wanted to go to India because she hadn’t been there before.
The prepositions 'before, by or until ' can be used to introduce the later time period if
it isn't clear.
• It had started raining before school finished for the day.
• By the time I arrived at the party, my friends had left.
• He hadn't learned to ride a bicycle until last year.

6 Complete the sentences.

* Use the 'past simple ' or 'past perfect ' form of the verbs to complete.
1. She (send) a message to her friends before she (meet)
them.
2. I (not read) the book until they (make) a movie about it.
3. ɒy 9 pm ɜolthida (fall) asleep on the floor.
4. Oudam (eat) an apple before he (go) to play football.
5. He (read) his entire book by the time he (arrive) in Siem
Reap.
6. I didn't realize I (forget) my wallet until I (try) to buy a
soda.
7 Answer the questions in the past perfect.
Example: Why was she so happy? She was so happy because she
had gotten a passing mark on her exam.
1. Why did he feel sick? 3. Why weren't you at the party?
2. Why was the refrigerator 4. Why was she sick?
empty?
Water Festival 155
 Chapter 8, Unit 24, Lesson C

24c Water Festival - It'd been fun

1 Can you find the mistakes? Write the correct sentences in your
notebook.

1. By yesterday at 1 pm, he have been to the market, the cinema and the park to
play football.
2. I hadn't drink a glass of water until 10 am this morning.
3. Samphors had buy a new skirt for the party.
4. Makara didn't started his homework until 10 pm last night.
5. Vanna lose his motorbike key and had to walk to school.
6. Before Nimol had gone to school, she had eaten breakfast.

T.8.24.3 Listen and check.

2 What had happened?

Student A: Turn to page 256.
Student B: Turn to page 268.
Example: A: Darareaksmey was angry because I hadn’t called to her all
day. B: Try again.
A: Darareaksmey was angry because I hadn’t talked to her all
day.
B: That’s correct.

156 Water Festival

 Chapter 8, Unit 24, Lesson C

3 Spot the difference.

Rachana was having a party last weekend. When her mother left the room to get
the rice, everything was fine.
But by the time she returned …
Eight things had happened in picture B.
Try to find them.

Use these verbs:

break open eat draw spill
turn on tie take out of

1. _S_o_m e_b_o_d_y_h_a_d_t_u_r_n_e_d_o_n th_e T_V_.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

4 English challenge.
* Write 2 sentences about things you had done and 2 sentences about things
you hadn't done by the time your English lesson started today.
Example: By the time English class started today,
• I hadn’t played football.
• I had eaten a banana.
• I had said hello to my teacher.
• I hadn’t read my lesson.

Congratulations!
You finished Unit 24! Tick (✓) the things you can do.
I can use the past perfect to talk about things that
happened before another time in the past. 
I am able to use prepositions to introduce a later time period. 
I can talk about things I did at Water Festival. 
Water Festival 157