Calibration:

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CALIBRATION COURSE MATERIAL FOR THERMAL PRESSURE & ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS
Calibration
Instrument calibration is one of the primary processes used to maintain instrument accuracy. Calibration is the process of configuring an instrument to provide a result for a sample within an acceptable range. Eliminating or minimizing factors that cause inaccurate measurements is a
fundamental aspect of instrumentation design.
Although the exact procedure may vary from product to product, the calibration process generally involves using the instrument to test samples of one or more known values called calibrators. The results are used to establish a relationship between the measurement technique used
by the instrument and the known values. The process in essence teaches the instrument to produce results that are more accurate than those that would occur otherwise. The instrument can then provide more accurate results when samples of unknown values are tested in the
normal usage of the product.
Calibrations are performed using only a few calibrators to establish the correlation at specific points within the instruments operating range. While it might be desirable to use a large number of calibrators to establish the calibration relationship, or curve, the time and labour
associated with preparing and testing a large number of calibrators might outweigh the resulting level of performance. From a practical standpoint, a tradeoff must be made between the desired level of product performance and the effort associated with accomplishing the calibration.
The instrument will provide the best performance when the intermediate points provided in the manufacturers performance specifications are used for calibration; the specified process essentially eliminates, or zeroes out, the inherent instrument error at these points.
Uncertainty:
An estimate of the range of values, which contains the true value of a measured quantity.
Expanded uncertainty (U):
Quantity defining an interval about the result of a measurement that may be expected to encompass a large fraction of the distribution of values that could reasonably be attributed to the measured parameter.
Master Instruments:
Calibration of measuring instrument is done by comparing the performance against a reference instrument called standard / master. Masters accuracy should be much better than the instrument to be calibrated.
Accuracy:
Accuracy is the degree of closeness of a measured or calculated quantity to its actual (true) value.
Range:
Values over which an instrument is intended to measure - specified by its upper and lower limits.
Resolution (Digital) / least count (Analog):
Smallest detectable increment / decrement of measurement
Error:
The difference between the values indicated by an instrument and the true value.
Hysteresis:
The difference in output of measuring instrument - when the set value is approached with increasing and decreasing steps.
Repeatability:
The ability of an instrument to reproduce output readings when the same input value is applied consecutively Under the same condition and in the same direction.
Stability:
Quality of an instrument to maintain a consistent output when a constant input is applied.
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Adjustment:
Adjustment is the operation of bringing the measuring instrument into a state of performance and accuracy ; suitable for its purpose.
Calibration interval:
A specified period of time between calibration adjustments or verification.
Calibration label:
A label affixed to an instrument that shows the calibration status.
Calibration procedure:
The documentation used to perform or control the measurement process that determines, evaluates, reports and adjusts the performance of an instrument calibrated in comparison to a standard instrument.
Calibration report:
A comprehensive record of calibration of an instrument which includes data describing performance of an instrument , environmental conditions under which DUC and the standards are used to calibrate.
Confidence level:
Degree of Assurance one has that a measurement lies within its statistically predicted boundary.
Sensitivity:
Minimum change in signal / parameter to which an instrument can respond.
Sensitivity coefficient associated with an input estimate (ci):
The differential change in the output estimate generated by the differential change in that input estimate.
Selection of Master Instruments:
Reference or Master Instruments are to be selected depending upon
1. Range
2. Accuracy / Limits
4. Level of usage of instrument
5. Traceability requirement
Various types of Error introduced during measurements:
Gross Error:
Mistakes in reading, parallax error, improper handling / connections, mistakes in recording / interpretation, mistakes in applying correction factors, not following instructions properly.
Systematic Error / Fixed Error:
Remains constant throughout measurement process varying in a predictable manner like
1. Inability in selecting proper instruments
2. Calibration errors in standard instrument / Impedance mismatch
3. Temperature effect / Humidity effect on the equipment
Random Error:
Sum of small errors due to unpredictable / fluctuating causes like
Calibration:
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1. Personal judgement of the observer
2. Inherent instability of the measuring instrument.
3. Drift in performance.
4. Also instruments basic / Initial accuracy level may change or the characteristic may drift over a period a time.
5. Repeated usage is one of the main factors necessitating periodic calibration.
The Reasons for Drift may be due to:
1 Drift in the basic components / material values of the instruments due to storage and operational environment, handling, overloading in the case of electronic equipment.
2 In other type of instruments - repeated usage, pressure and thermal shocks given periodically and regularly make the crystal / grain structure changing and thereby losing its elasticity.
Accuracy calculation:
Accuracy is expressed in different ways depending upon the type of equipment.
1.Percentage of reading.
2.Percentage of Full-scale reading.
(% Reading) Accuracy = Indicating value True value
100 X Indicating value
(% Full Scale) Accuracy = Indicating value True value
100 X Full Scale value
Calibration Techniques
1. Direct method / Comparison method
2. Transfer method
Direct method:
The results of Master instrument and UUC (Unit under Calibration) are directly compared.
Transfer method:
1. When the parameter to be calibrated cannot be measured directly.
2. When test uncertainty ratio is poor.
Typical Distributions considered for Estimation of Uncertainty:
Rectangular distribution:
If limits of ( a) are given without confidence level and there is reason to expect that extreme values are LIKELY; it is appropriate to assume a Rectangular Distribution with a standard deviation of (a/ 3 ).
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Normal distribution:
If limits of ( a) are given with confidence level; it is appropriate to assume a Normal Distribution with a standard deviation of (a / 2).
Covariance:
The sum of the products of the deviations of xi and yi from their respective averages divided by one less than the number of observed pairs:
Where n is number of observed pairs
Best Measurement Capability:
The BMC is expressed as the smallest uncertainty that a laboratory can achieve when calibrating a device that is effectively ideal. It is an expanded uncertainty estimated at a confidence level of approximately 95%, corresponding to a coverage factor as k = 2.
The laboratory's ability to achieve their claimed BMC shall be evaluated based on its performance during On - site assessment and by review of proficiency testing results wherein the laboratory has participated.
BMC implies that within its accreditation, a laboratory is not permitted to report a smaller uncertainty of measurement than the BMC - endorsed on its scope of accreditation. This means that the laboratory shall be required to state the measurement of expanded uncertainty - not
better than its BMC measurement. The BMC is applicable only to the laboratory, which claims its status as an Accredited Laboratory. It is therefore a realistic view for customers to select and compare accredited laboratories' capabilities.
Permanent Laboratory:
A calibration or testing laboratory, functioning on a fixed location. The scope of accreditation of calibration laboratory shall be identified as Source and Measure, which will define the sourcing & measuring capabilities of a laboratory.
Organization:
Company, Consultancy, Partnership or any other body which does not necessarily have a permanent laboratory yet tests or calibrates the characteristics or performance of products / materials; in on - site location.
Scope:
Sourcing & measuring capabilities of a Laboratory - for various parameters.
Site - testing / calibration:
Testing / Calibration (including sampling where it forms part of documented calibration or test procedure) performed by the staff of a laboratory or organization, outside their premises.
On - Site Tests or Calibrations are normally performed under two categories:
- Tests or Calibrations performed on-site by the staff of Accredited permanent laboratories.
- Tests or Calibrations performed on-site by organizations, which don't have a permanent laboratory.
Site Laboratory:
Testing or Calibration lab facility, set up in On-site dedicated area - for the period of testing or calibration activities.
Student t-distribution: The table belowshows the student t-distribution factor for different degrees of freedomand various confidence levels
Table1
Degrees
of
freedom
Fraction in percent
68.27% 90% 95% 95.45% 99% 99.73%
1 1.837 6.314 12.706 13.968 63.656 235.774
2 1.321 2.920 4.303 4.527 9.925 19.206
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3 1.197 2.353 3.182 3.307 5.841 9.219
4 1.142 2.132 2.776 2.869 4.604 6.620
5 1.111 2.015 2.571 2.649 4.032 5.507
6 1.091 1.943 2.447 2.517 3.707 4.904
7 1.077 1.895 2.365 2.429 3.499 4.530
8 1.067 1.860 2.306 2.366 3.355 4.277
9 1.059 1.833 2.262 2.320 3.250 4.094
10 1.053 1.812 2.228 2.284 3.169 3.957
11 1.048 1.796 2.201 2.255 3.106 3.850
12 1.043 1.782 2.179 2.231 3.055 3.764
13 1.040 1.771 2.160 2.212 3.012 3.694
14 1.037 1.761 2.145 2.195 2.977 3.636
15 1.034 1.753 2.131 2.181 2.947 3.586
16 1.032 1.746 2.120 2.169 2.921 3.544
17 1.030 1.740 2.110 2.158 2.898 3.507
18 1.029 1.734 2.101 2.149 2.878 3.475
19 1.027 1.729 2.093 2.140 2.861 3.447
20 1.026 1.725 2.086 2.133 2.845 3.422
25 1.020 1.708 2.060 2.105 2.787 3.330
30 1.017 1.697 2.042 2.087 2.750 3.270
1.000 1.645 1.960 2.000 2.576 3.000
Work Instruction For RTD
1.0 Scope:
The procedure is applicable for the following instruments RTD for Lab.
Range : -10C to 600 C
2.0 Environmental Condition:
Arrange neatly the working space.
In Lab
Temperature : 25C 2C
Humidity : 50% 10%
3.0 General:
1. Keep necessary Tools, Equipments, Procedure, Documents and Formats.
2. Study the Purchase order / Work order regarding calibration requirements of the specific instrument(s) of the order (Regarding range, accuracy, Number of calibration points, Number of sets of reading and any other relevant details before selecting the masters and work
instructions).
3. Before starting the work in site , Ensure & Fill the check list
4. After completion of work at site, complete the Site Report with customer approval.
4.0 Master instruments used for calibration:
A. Sensors
S.No. Instrument Model Serial Number Uncertainty
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01 Resistance Temperature
Detector
2182 - ----C
B. Measuring Instruments
S.No. Instrument Model Serial
Number
Uncertainty
01 Multifunction
Calibrator
Microcal 200+ - 0.44C
C. Temperature Baths.
S.No. Instrument Model Serial Number Uncertainty
01 Temperature
Calibrator
MP 40 R - --- C
02 Fluidized Bath FB 06 S - --- C
03 Temperature calibrator 1200 HN - ---- C
04 Black Body Source BBSH SPL - ----C
5.0 Connection diagram:
(For RTDs (for two wires)
(ii) For
RTDs (for
three wire)
(iii) For RTD
(for four
wire)
6.0
Calibration:
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Precautions:
1. Check the input power
supply before switching on
the instrument.
2. Select the suitable insertion
tube for the temperature
bath as per the following.
3. Insert the insertion tube at
ambient Temperature.
4. Remove the insertion tube
after calibration before
switching off.
5. Set the temperature bath to
zero for cooling.
6. Switch off after reaching the
ambient.
7. Use Alundum powder for
Dry Block Temperature
calibrator for the
gap between sensor and
insertion tube of
temperature calibrator
8. Do not use oil or glycol in
Dry block temperature
calibrator.
9. Give sufficient warm-up
time for both Master
Instrument and UUC as per
the operation manual
before proceeding
calibration.
7.0 Procedure for
Calibration:
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calibration (General)
1. The Calibration points shall
be taken at 3 times for 5
points.
2. Indicator or simulator
conversioniscomparedwith
temperature-EMF or
temperature-resistance
referencetables.
3. Reference tables for
standard thermocouple
types are referred to a
reference junction
temperature of 0C, usually
referred to as the cold
junction temperature.
4. For thermocouple compare
the ITS 90 Scale for
calibration.
5. A reference cold junction
and thermocouple wires
are used, in addition to
electrical instrumentation,
to calibrate indicators or
simulators equipped with a
CJC feature.
6. Suitable attention must be
given to the electrical
insulation of the reference
thermocouple.
7. Connect the UUC to Master
Instrument with good
quality copper cable.
8. Connect the RTD types
depend upon whether the
indicator is tended to be
used with a two three
or four wire as per figure
(ii) to (iv).
9. Connect the thermocouple
with thermocouple wire as
per figure (i).
10. The correct polarity of the
thermocouple connections
should be observed.
8.0 Calibration Record:
Calibration Readings shall
be recorded in the format
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S. No Set Point
C
Standard reading
C
DUC reading
C
9.0 Calibration Certificate Format:
Calibration data shall be given for 5 points.
DUC
reading
(Mean)
Standard
reading
C
Deviation
C
Deviation
allowed
C
Expanded
Uncertainty
Coverage
factor (k)
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C
10.0 Calculation of Uncertainty: Example for RTD (Sensor as a Master)
1. Test Instrument : RTD
Model: PT 100
Range: -30 to 600 C
2. Master Instrument : (i)RTD
Range: -80 to 600 C
Uncertainty mentioned in the
Certificate: 0.18 C at k=2
(ii) Multi Function Calibrator
Uncertainty mentioned in the
Certificate: 0.44 C at k=2
(iii) Temperature bath (source)
Range: 50 to 600 C, Stability: 0.5 C
3. Environmental : Temperature: 25 C
Condition Dry: 25C Wet: 19C Humidity: 54%
Calibration data
Standard
reading
DUC reading
(Mean)
Deviation
()
Expanded
Uncertainty
()
Coverage
factor
k
C C C C
50.7 51.0 0.3 1.42 2
601.9 602.6 0.7 1.42 2
Test RTD readings (3 times)
Set Value
C
Standard
Reading
C
DUC reading
C
50 50.41 50.89
50.75 50.98
50.90 51.10
600 601.85 602.42
601.96 602.63
602.00 602.84
Calculation for Type A Uncertainty
Standard deviation; s (x) = = --C (1)
Where is the average value, xj is the n reading of the Test Thermocouple readings.
n = No. of samples = 3
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Standard Uncertainty; ua = = --- C. (2)
Degree of freedom = i = n-1 = 3-1 = 2 .
Calculation for Type B Uncertainty:
Uncertainty due to RTD (Certificate)
ub1 = (0.18) / 2 = --- C .(3)
Degree of freedom = i
Uncertainty due to Multi Function Calibrator (Certificate)
ub2 = (0.44) / 2 = --- C .(4)
Degree of freedom = i
Uncertainty due to Bath stability
ub3 = (0.5) / 3 = --- C .(5)
Where bath stability is 0.5C
Degree of freedom = i
Uncertainty due to Uniformity (Radial and Axial)
ub4 = (1) / 3 = -- C .(6)
Where bath uniformity is 1 C
Degree of freedom = i
Combined Standard Uncertainty:
From Eqns (2) to (6)
uc =
= +(0.04)
2
= --- C .(7)
Effective Degree of freedom:
eff =
Where ui = Individual uncertainty factors
= Individual degree of freedom
Calibration:
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= (0.71)
4
107.806
((0.15)
4
/2)+((0.09)
4
/?)+(0.22)
4
/? +((0.29)
4
/?)
Expanded Uncertainty
U = k* uc = 2 * 0.71 = 1.42 C (9)
Using Student's t-distribution table (3.5.5), k = 2.0 for a confidence level of approximately 95.45 %.
Reporting of Results
For the temperature at 600 C, The uncertainty; U is 1.42 C. For other temperature the uncertainty is indicated in the respective table. This is determined from a combined standard uncertainty; uc = 0.71 C and coverage factor; k = 2.0 based on student's t -distribution table and
estimated to have a level of confidence of 95.45 %.
11.0 Traceability:
NPL
ETDC, Bangalore
NML, Chennai
NSIC
12.0 Reference Document:
Operation Manual for Multifunction calibrator, Temperature Bath
ITS 90 chart for RTD.
Refer Estimation of Uncertainty of Measurement Procedure
WORK INSTRUCTION FOR PRESSURE GAUGE / PRESSURE CALIBRATOR
1.0 Scope:
The procedure is applicable for the following instruments / devices
Pressure gauges or Pressure calibrators (Hydraulic or Pneumatic) Range : -0.85 bar to 700 bar
0. Environmental Condition:
1. Arrange neatly the working space.
b. In Lab
Temperature : 25C 2C / Humidity: 50% to 10%
3.0 General:
Calibration:
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1. Keep necessary Tools, Equipments, Procedure, Documents and Formats.
2. Study the Purchase order / Work order regarding calibration requirements of the specific instrument(s) of the order (Regarding range, Accuracy, Number of calibration points, Number of sets of reading and any other relevant details before selecting the masters and work
instructions).
3. Before starting the work in site , Ensure & Fill the check list.
4. After completion of work in site, complete the Site Report with customer approval.
4.0 Master instruments used for calibration: (A. Source)
S.No. Instrument Model Serial Number
01 Pneumatic pump (-8000 mmWC to 8000
mmWC)
TP1 -
02 Pneumatic pump (-0.85 bar to 40 bar) PHP 40
`-
03 Hydraulic pump (700 bar) P140 -
04 Vacuum pump with regulator (-1 bar) - -
05 Compressor with regulator (10 bar) - -
B. Calibrator:
S.No. Instrument Make Model Serial
Number
Accuracy
01 Very Low Pressure
Calibrator
Nagman MPCB 8000
mmWC
- 0.1%FS +
2digit
02 Pressure Calibrator Nagman MPCB 40
bar
- 0.05%FS
+ 1digit
03 Pressure Calibrator Nagman MPCB 700
bar
- 0.05%FS
+ 1digit
5.0 Selection of Master instrument:
a. Check the validity of the master instrument.
b. Check the accuracy ratio of the Test and Master instrument.
Test Instrument Details Master Instrument Selection
Range Source Calibrator
0 to 8000mmWC S.No. 1 S.No. 1
-0.85 to 10 bar S.No. 2 or 05 &04 S.No. 2
-0.85 to 40 bar S.No. 2 S.No. 2
0 to 700 bar S.No. 3 S.No. 3
6.0 Precautions:
1. Do not apply more than 20% of Full scale pressure
2. For Adaptor BSP male threads use bonded seals.
3. For Adaptor NPT male threads use Teflon tapes.
Calibration:
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7.0 Procedure for calibration:
7.1 The Calibration points shall be taken at 3 times for 8 equal points in increasing and decreasing order for the test gauge of accuracy 0.25% FS and 5 equal points (0%, 25%, 50 %, 75% and 100%) in increasing and decreasing order for the industrial gauge of accuracy 1 % FS.
7.2 Sequence of Measurement to be taken:
1. Mount the UUC depending on the mounting provision provided (vertical or horizontal
mounting).
7.4 a. Connect the Master pressure calibrator and UUC to the pneumatic pump/ Hydraulic pump as per 6.0 using suitable adaptors.
b. Before applying pressure, open the vent valve and adjust UUC and master to zero reading.
c. Close the vent valve.
d. Precondition:Leak test is carried out by applying full-scale pressure to both standard and UUC for about 10 minutes. Thereafter pressure is released to zero slowly. This process is repeated for three times to ensure that there is no leak line system and compressibility of transmitting
oil, pump plunger and O ring / seals are stabilized to reach optimum level.
e. After preconditioning, Apply pressure till the value in the UUC reaches the range selected for calibration. Using vernier, adjust the pressure till the UUC reaches the selected reading.
Note: For pressure gauge (Analog), Calibration point setting is kept fixed for UUC and Master reading to be noted and for Pressure calibrator (Digital), Calibration point setting is kept fixed for Master and UUC reading to be noted.
6. Note down the readings of UUC and master calibrator.
7. Repeat (d) & (e) for other readings as per 8.1 & 8.2
8.0 Calibration Adjustment.
If there is any error found in zero and span of the above UUC. Adjust the zero and span of the UUC
9.0 Calibration Record:
Calibration Readings shall be recorded in the format
Pressure gauge
S.No. UUC reading
bar
Standard reading
bar
Inc Dec Inc Dec Inc Dec
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Pressure calibrator
S.No. Standard
reading
bar
UUC reading
bar
Inc Dec Inc Dec Inc Dec
1.
2.
3.
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4.
5.
10.0 Calibration Certificate format:
Pressure gauge
UUC
reading
bar
Standard
reading
(Mean)
bar
Deviation
bar
Deviation
Allowed
bar
Expanded
Uncertainty
bar
Coverage
Factor
k
Pressure Calibrator
Standard
reading
bar
UUC
reading
(Mean)
bar
Deviation
bar
Deviation
Allowed
bar
Expanded
Uncertainty
Coverage
Factor
(k)
11.0 Calculation of Uncertainty:
1. Test Instrument : Pressure Gauge,
Range: 0 to 10 bar, Resolution: 0.5 bar,
Accuracy 0.3 % fs.
2. Master Instrument : Pressure Calibrator, Model: MPCB 40
Range: -0.85 to 40 bar
Uncertainty mentioned in the certificate 0.11
bar with k=2
3. Environmental condition : Temperature: 252C,
Calibration data
DUC
reading
Standard
Reading
(Mean)
Deviation
()
Deviation
allowed
Expanded
Uncertainty
Coverage
Factor
bar bar bar bar bar (k)
0.0 0.000 0.000 0.03
0.309
2
7.5 7.383 0.117 0.03
10.0 9.849 0.151 0.03
Calibration:
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Test Instrument readings (3 times)
DUC Reading bar
Inc Dec Inc Dec Inc Dec
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
7.381 7.389 7.389 7.378 7.389 7.381
9.846 9.849 9.849 9.849 9.849 9.849
Calculation for Type A Uncertainty
Standard deviation ; s(x) = = 0.00505 bar (1)
Where is the average value, xi is the n reading of the Test Instrument readings.
n = No. of samples = 6
Standard Uncertainty ; ua = = 0.00206 bar .(2)
Degree of freedom = i = n-1 = 6-1 = 5.
Calculation for Type B Uncertainty
Uncertainty due to Pressure Calibrator (Certificate)
ub1 = (0.11) / 2 = 0.055 bar .(3)
Degree of freedom = i
Uncertainty due to Resolution
ub2 = (0.5) / 3 = 0.288 bar (4)
Degree of freedom = i
Uncertainty due to Hysteresis (The difference between corresponding values in increasing & decreasing orders of pressure in a pressure cycle is called hysteresis).
= 1/n {|x2-x1|+|x4-x3|+|x6-x5|}
= 1/3 {| 7.389-7.381|+| 7.378-7.389 | + | 7.381 7.389 |
= 1/3 (0.027)
= 0.009
ub3 = (0.009 ) / 3 = 0.0052 bar (5)
Degree of freedom = i
Combined Standard Uncertainty
From Eqns (2) to (5)
uc =
=
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= 0.293 bar (6)
Effective Degree of freedom:
eff =
= (0.293)
4
_____________________________________________
((0.0021)
4
/5)+ ((0.055)
4
/) +((0.144)
4
/) +((0.0052)
4
/)
1.89 E 08

Expanded Uncertainty
U = k * uc = 2 * 0.293 = 0.586 bar (7)
Using Student's t- distribution table of (3.5.5), k =2 for a confidence level of approximately 95.45 %.
Reporting of Results
For the Pressure at 7.5 bar, the uncertainty; U is 0.586 bar. For other Pressure the uncertainty is indicated in the respective table. This is determined from a combined standard uncertainty; uc = 0.293 bar and coverage factor;k = 2 based on students distribution and estimated to have a
level of confidence of 95.45% .
12.0 Traceability:
NPL
ETDC, Bangalore
NML, Chennai
NSIC
13.0 Reference Document:
Calibration:
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Operation Manual for Pressure calibrators
Refer Estimation of Uncertainty of Measurement Procedure , NABL 141 and IS Standard IS3624-1987
Work Instruction for Multifunction Calibrator
1.0 Scope
The procedure is applicable for the following instruments / devices for Multifunction Calibrator, DC Volt, Resistance, mV/mA Calibrator, and Temperature Simulators.
Range: Thermocouple Types : J, L, K,T,U,B,R,S,E,N,C,D
RTD Types : PT100, PT1000, Ni100, Ni120
DC Voltage : mV & V
DC Current : mA
Resistance : ohms
2.0 Environment Condition
In Lab
Temperature : 25C 2 C
Humidity : 50% 10%
3.0 General
i. Study the Purchase order / Work order regarding calibration requirements of the specific instrument(s) of the order (Regarding range, Accuracy, Number of calibration points, Number of sets of reading and any other relevant details before selecting the masters and work instructions.
ii. Before starting the work in site Fill & Ensure the check list NTSC/CHE/FT-003/5.9.
iii. After completion of work at site fill up the Site Report NTSC/CHE/FT-002/5.9.with customer approval.
4.0 Master instrument used for calibration
S.No. Instrument Model Serial
Number
Parameter Accuracy (min
& Max)
01 Multifunction
Calibrator
Microcal
2+
84054 DC Voltage
DC Current
Resistance
Thermocouple
& RTD
As per Manual
5.0 Connection diagram
Calibration:
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6.0 Precautions
1. Check the input power supply
before switching on the
instrument.
2. Check the connection of the
terminals before applying the
input.
3. Ensure there are no loose
connections, bare wires, open
power point.
4. Give sufficient warm-up time
for both Master Instrument
and UUC as per the operation
manual before proceeding
calibration.
7.0 Procedure for calibration
8.1 The Calibration points shall be
taken at 3 times for 3 points
(0%, 50 %, and 100%) in each
range of the parameters.
2. Calibration of Multifunction
calibrator
1. Reference tables for standard
thermocouple types are
referred to a reference junction
Temperature of 0C, usually
referred to as the cold junction
temperature.
2. For thermocouple compare the
ITS90 Scale for calibration.
3. A reference cold junction and
thermocouple wires are used,
in addition to electrical
Instrumentation, to calibrate
indicators or simulators
equipped with a CJC feature.
4. Suitable attention must be
given to the insulation of the
Electrical Parameters.
5. Precautions must be taken to
eliminate or minimize the
effects of spurious emfs in the
measuring circuit.
6. Precautions should be taken for
Active & Passive mode in
Current.
7. Connect the UUC to Master
Instrument with good quality
copper cable.
8. For RTD types depend upon
whether the indicator is tended
to be used with a two three
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or four wire.
9. The correct polarity of the
connections should be
observed.
10. Switch
on the UUC.
11. Select UUC in Measure or
Generate mode.
12. Connect the UUC to Master
Instrument as per 6.0 for the
parameters for which UUC to
be calibrated.
13. Select the parameter for which
calibration to be done both in
the Master and UUC.
14. Select the range in the UUC
through softkeys or selector
switch.
15. Feed the value in the master
instrument after allowing the
warm up-time of 20 minutes
for master instrument and 30
minutes for UUC.
16. Note down the readings of both
master instrument and UUC.
17. Repeat (q) & (r) for 50% and
100 % of the full scale value in
the range.
18. Repeat (p) to (r) for other
ranges in the same parameter.
19. Repeat (n) to (t) for other
parameters to be calibrated.
9.0 Calibration Record
Calibration Readings shall be
recorded in the format
NTSC/CHE/FT-003/5.9
10.0 Calibration certificate
format
Calibration data shall be
given for 5 points.
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Parameter
/
Range
Test
Instrument
Readings
(Mean)
Master
Calibrator
Readings
Deviation
()
Deviation
Allowed
()
Expanded
Uncertainty
()
Coverage
Factor
(k)
11.0 Calculation of Uncertainty
a) Test Instrument : Multifunction Calibrator,
Model: TM-10
Range: 0 to 2 V, Resolution: 0.01 V,
b) Master Instrument : Multifunction Calibrator, Range: 10 V,
Uncertainty mentioned in the certificate is
0.00068 V at k=2
c) Environmental condition : Temperature: 25 2 C
Calibration data
Parameter/
Range
Test
calibrator
readings
(Mean)
Master
calibrator
reading
Deviation
()
Deviation
Allowed
()
Expanded
Uncertainty
()
Coverage
Factor
DC
Voltage/
0 to 2 Volt V V V V V
k
0.01 0.000 0.01 - 0.006 2
2.00 2.000 0.00 - 0.006 2
Test Instrument readings (3 times)
Test calibrator readings
V V V
0.01 0.01 0.01
2.00 2.00 2.00
Calculation for Type A Uncertainty
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Standard deviation s(x) = = 0 V ..(1)
Where is the average value, xj is the n reading of the Test calibrator readings.
n= No. Of samples = 3
Standard Uncertainty is Ua = = 0 V ..(2)
Degree of freedom =n
i =n-1=3-1=2.
Calculation for Type B Uncertainty
Uncertainty due to Multifunction Calibrator (Manufacturers spec)
ub1: (0.00068) / 2 = --- V ..(3)
Degree of freedom =n
i
Uncertainty due to Resolution of UUC
ub2: (0.01) / 3 = ---- V ..(4)
Half the resolution of Test instrument is considered
Degree of freedom =n
i
Uncertainty due to Master Accuracy (Manufacturers spec)
Ub3: (0.0008) / 3 = --- V ..(5)
Half the resolution of Test instrument is considered
Degree of freedom =n
i
Combined Standard Uncertainty
From Eqns (2) to (4)
uc =
= (0) + (---) + (---) +(---)
= ---- V .(6)
Effective Degree of freedom:
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n
eff =
=

Expanded Uncertainty
U = k * uc
= 2 * 0.000291
= 0.006 V ..(7)
Using Student t-distribution table (3.5.5), k=2.0 for a confidence level of approximately 95.45 %.
Reporting of results
For the Voltage at 2 Volt, The uncertainty U is --- Volt. For other Voltage the uncertainty is indicated in the respective table. This is determined from a combined standard uncertainty uc = ---- Volt and coverage factor k = 2.0 based on students distribution and estimated to have level of confidence of 95.45 %.
12. Traceability
13.0 Reference Document
Operation Manual for
Multifunction calibrator,
Thermocouple and RTD chart
(ITS 90)
Refer Estimation of
Uncertainty of Measurement
Procedure NTSC/CHE/SP/5.4,
Standard for calibration EAL
Standard (EUROMET/cg-
11/v.01, NABL 141
NSIC - TSC
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