Group 4 10:30-11:30 TThS
Sanadan, Sean October 16, 2014
Falag-ey, Raiven
Garcia, Jaya Marie
Guerrero, Jensenn Daisy
Tagayo, Dianne Irish
Tongco, Fabrienne
Piaget's Cognitive Development
-Jean Piaget-was the first psychologist to make a systematic study of cognitive
development.
-Piagets theory of cognitive development suggests that children move through four
different stages of mental development.
-His theory focuses not only on understanding how children acquire knowledge, but
also on understanding the nature of intelligence.
The Stages of Piagets Cognitive Development
1.Sensorimotor Development
-Birth to 2 Years
-The Sensorimotor stage is characterized by the child experiencing their world through
movement and senses.
- Object Permanence- child believe that things continue to exist even though they cannot be
seen.
The sensorimotor stage is divided into 6 substages:
-Simple reflexes (Birth - 1 Month Old) Characterized by reflexes such as rooting and sucking
- Primary circular reactions (1-4 Months Old) Infants learn to coordination sensations. A primary
circular reaction is when the infant tries to reproduce an event that happened by accident (ex:
sucking thumb)
-Secondary circular reactions( 4-8 Months Old) Children become aware of things beyond their own
body and become more object oriented. (ex: accidentally shaking a rattle and continuing to do so for
the sake of satisfaction)
- Coordination of secondary circular reactions(8-12 Months Old) Children start to show intentionality
(ex: using a stick to reach something)
-Tertiary circular reactions (12-18 Months Old) They start to explore new possibilities of objects
-Internalization of schemes(18-24 Months Old) A shift to symbolic thinking
2. Preoperational Thinking
-cannot percieve the world from anothers perspective or viewpoint other than their
own. (egocentrism)
-Children begin to think symbolically and learn to use words and pictures to represent
objects.
The preoperational stage is divided into 2 substages:
- Preconceptual thinking
-2-4 years old
-This substage is characterized by the child's inability to understand all the properties
of classes.
-Transductive reasoning is another feature of the child's thinking in the substage.
*Transductive reasoning is a faulty type of logic that involves making inferences from
one specific to another. It can lead to correct or accurate conclusions, but it is not guaranteed to do
so.
-Intuitive thinking
-4-7 years old
- Their thinking has become more logical, although it is structured more about
perception than logic.
3. Concrete Operations
-Concrete Operations: 7 to 11 Years
-This stage is centered around rules that now govern the child's logic and thinking - rules such
as: reversibility, identity, and compensation.
- reversibility- emerges when the child realizes that an action could be reversed and
certain consequences will follow from doing so.
- identity- is the idea that for every action or operation there is another operation that
leaves it unchanged. For example, adding or taking away nothing produces no change
- compensation- is a property defined by the logical consequences of combining
more than one operation or more than one dimension.
-Classification- children acquire the skills they lead to the ability to describe things by terms of
classes, numbers, and series.
- seriating- occurs when a child can order objects in a series because they have acquired
knowledge of them through experience.
4. Formal Operations: After 11 and 12 Years
-At this stage, the adolescent or young adult begins to think abstractly and reason about
hypothetical problems.
-propositional thinking -This type of thinking is not restricted to the consideration of the
concrete or the potentially real but instead deals with hypothetics. Children in this stage can now
reason from real to other possibilities.
- Begin to use deductive logic, or reasoning from a general principle to specific information.
-Teens begin to think more about moral, philosophical, ethical, social, and political issues that
require theoretical and abstract reasoning.
Sources
- http://psychology.about.com/od/behavioralpsychology/l/bl-piaget-stages.htm
- http://piaget.weebly.com/stages-of-cognitive-development.html
- http://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html
- http://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html
