PIAGET'S STAGES

OF COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT

UNIT 3 MODULE 6
 JEAN PIAGET
> He influenced the field of cognitive development
> Piagetian taks - His research method involved observing a
small number of individuals as they responded to cognitive
tasks that he designed
> Genetic epistemology - Piaget called his theoretical framework
"genetic epistemology" because he was interested in how
knowledge developed in human organisms
 > Schema. Piaget used the term "Schema" to refers to the
BASIC
cognitive structures by which individuals intellectually adapt
COGNITIVE to and orgaanize thier environment.
CONCEPTS
> Assimilation. This is the process of fitting a new
experience into an existing or previously created
cognitive structure or schema.
> Accommodation. This is the process of creating a
new schema.
> Equilibration. Piaget believed that people have the
natural need to understand how the world works and
to find order, structure, and predictability in their
life.
PIAGET'S STAGES OF COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT

Stage 1. Sensorimotor stage.

( Birth to infancy ) This is the
stage when a child who is initially
reflexive in grasping, sucking and
reaching becomes more organized
in his movement and activity.
> Object permanence. This is the
ability of the child to know that an
object still exists even when out of
sight.
 Stage 2. Pre - Operational stage. ( 2 to 7 years old )

At this stage, the child can now make

mental representations and is able to
pretend, the child is now ever closer
to the use of symbols.

> Symbolic Function. This is the ability to

represent objects and events.
> Egocentrism. This is the tendency of the child to only see his point of
view and to assume that everyone also has his same point of view.
> Centration. This refers to the tendency of the child to only
focus on one aspect of a thing or event and exclude other
aspects.
> Irreversibility. Pre - operational children still have the
inability to reverse their thinking.
> Animism. This is the tendency of children to attribute human
like traits or characteristics to inaminate objects.

> Transductive reasoning. This refers to the pre - operational

child's type of reasoning that is neither inductive nor deductive.
Stage 3. Concrete - Operational Stage. ( 8
to 11 years old )

This stage is characterized by the ability

of the child to think logically but only
in terms of concrete objects.
> Decentering. This refers to the ability of the child to perceive the
different features of objects and situations.
> Reversibility. During the stage of concrete operations, the child can now
follow that certain operations can be done in reverse.

> Conservation. This is the ability to know that certain properties of objects
like number, mass, volume, or area do not change even if there is a change
in appearance.
> Seriation. This refers to the ability to order or arrange things in a series
based on one dimension such as weight, volume or size.
Stage 4. Formal Operational Stage.
( 12 to 15 years old )

They can now solve abstract

problems and can hypothesize.

> Hypothetical Reasoning. This is the ability to come up with different

hypothesis about a problem and to gather and weight data in order to
make a final decision or judgement.
Analogical Reasoning. This is the ability to perceive the relationship in
one instance and then use that relationship to narrow down possible
answers in another similar situation or problem.

Deductive Reasoning. This is the ability to think

logically by applying a general rule to a particular
instance or situation.
THAT' S ALL THANK YOU!