Stuttering Theories Unofficial list.

Disclaimer: I dont remember exactly where I got this information from. Or if it

is a compilation I just made out of my findings, but I did not write this from my
own mind that I know for sure. I post this list with the only intention of
sharing the information for the benefit of others out there. - Imorales75
CALMS: An intergrated model by H. Trautman and Susca
How the child feels about themselves coupled with linguistic, motor, and social elements.

The Continuity Hypothesis by Bloodstien 1975- 1995

Stuttering happens as normal disfluency and increase when different factors come into play;
criticism, traumatic oral reading, cluttering, and reminders to slow down.

Demands Model by Starkweather 1987

the child's capacity for fluent speech and the demands on them both cause stuttering.

Distured feedback by Faibanks 1954

the auditory feedback deficits or to much can cause stuttering.

Dual premotor stuttering and cluttering by Alm

when the lateral system takes the place of the medial system. The medial system normally
segments speech.

The monster study by Silverman 1988

talked about the evaluative labeling of speech fluency. it's the only study done like this since and
found that it is not beneficial to increase children's awareness of their disfluencies.

Perkin, kent, Curlee

paralinguistic and prosodic functions. the lack of these two working together cause stuttering.

Perseveration Theory by Eisenson 1958

Stuttering is something you are born with. predisposed to it.

Preparatory set by van Riper 1972-1982

happens gradually along with their development. The child begins to notice their disfluency, then
anticipation begins to set in, them the fear steps in. It say that stuttering can come from
environmental, organic, and/or emotional sources.

Revised Component model by Riley & Riley 2000

these three factors cause stuttering : attending disorders, temperament factors, and listeners
reaction. also parents, linguistic demands, and environmental.

Stuttering as a Consequence of brain lesion by Zimmerman 1980

stuttering is because of damage to the brain stem that has damaged the larynx.

Stuttering as a disorder of timing by Kent

emotion causes the tinge delay in people who stutter.

Stuttering as a disorder of timing by Van Riper on Kent

that speech is localized in the right Hemi and therefore cause timing problems.

Stuttering as a Language production deficit by Polk and Postma

the halting in production and the repair process causes disfluencies in people who stutter and
those that don't. Repetitions, prolongations, and blocking comes from repining. People who
stutter are slower at in encoding.

Stuttering as a learned behavior

Nicolosi 2004, & differences between instrumental and classic conditioning (there is a number of
stimuli that drive a person)

Stuttering as a learned behavior by Sheehan's 1985

was the conflict theory; results from double approach avoidance. the conflict between speaking
and not speaking, being silent and not being silent. <Behavioral Phenomena>

Stuttering as a learned behavior by Sheehan's 1985

Operatant conditioning theory state speech is a behavior that can be controls by positive and
negative reinforcements and punishments.

Stuttering as a learned behavior by Sheehan's 1985

Instrumental avoidance act theory is caused by acquired response(expectancy) Learned drive,

apprehension and disfluencies.

Stuttering as a multifactorial DYnamic Disorder by Smith

Talk about the speech motor control system. as they get older they become less fluent.

Stuttering as a Neurotic Response by Sigmund Frued 1900's

it satisfies oral and anal needs, represents repressed hostility, repressed need theory.

Stuttering as a physiological deficit by West 1956

is triggered by illness, stress, biochemical imbalance. the speaker has issue with social
communication.

Stuttering as a physiological Tremor

For the server area in stuttering like (blocks)

Stuttering as a physiological Tremor by Fibiget, Weber, and Smith

caused by stress and this explain why tenors may cause the block in children.

Stuttering as a physiological Tremor by Zimmerman Smith, and Hanley, &

smith and Goffman
Tremors my show up in older people or people who have stuttered for a while and not younger
kids. Caused by emotions.

stuttering as a Psycholingist disorder by bloodstein and Ratner

Stuttering as self-repair. It's apart of the childs development stages. When the child does stutter
it's because they were un able to correctly repair their word.

Stuttering as a result of multifactorial causes < Brain Organization > by

Geswond and Galaburda
delay is hemisphere cell migration can cause the needed speech cell to reach the left hemisphere.

Stuttering as a result of multifactorial causes < Brain Organization > by OrtonTravis

due to lack of hemisphere dominance. Thought left handers who parent chained them to right
handers this created neuromotor disorganization and cause stuttering.

Stuttering as a result of multifactorial causes < Brain Organization > by W.

Weber
people who stutter, their left hemisphere is vulnerable to interruption. That also that people who
stutter have overactive right hemispheres and that causes the emotions furthermore causing the
stuttering.

Stuttering as a result of multifactorial causes < Neurophysiologic Disorder> by

De Nil
Neuro Processing, environmental, and behavior.

Stuttering as Communicative Failure and Anticipatory Struggle Behavior by W.

Johnson 1958-1961
Cause by the parent or caregiver misdiagnosis and inappropriate reactions to normal disfluencies.

Van Riper take on Stuttering as Communicative Failure and Anticipatory

Struggle Behavior
Classified it as cognitive learning theory and that he agreed with Johnson's theory and added that
environment also played a part.