NAME____________________________________GRADE 13

DATE____________
ENTROPY
1.

The equation below shows a possible reaction for producing methanol.

CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(l)

(a)

H = 129 kJ mol

The entropy of one mole of each substance in the equation, measured at 298 K, is
shown below.

S
Substance

(i)

/J mol

CO(g)

197.6

H2(g)

130.6

CH3OH(l)

239.7

Suggest why methanol has the highest entropy value of the three substances.
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii)

Calculate the entropy change of the system, S

system,

for this reaction.

(2)

(iii)

Is the sign of S

system

as expected? Give a reason for your answer.

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..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
(1)

NAME____________________________________GRADE 13
DATE____________
ENTROPY

(iv)

Calculate the entropy change of the surroundings S

surroundings,

at 298 K.

(2)

(v)

Show, by calculation, whether it is possible for this reaction to occur

spontaneously at 298 K.

(2)

2.

When barium nitrate is heated it decomposes as follows:

Ba(NO3)2(s) BaO(s) + 2NO2(g) + O2(g)
(a)

H = +505.0 kJ mol

Use the following data when answering this part of the question.
Standard entropy,

1 1
S / J mol K

Substance

(i)

Ba(NO3)2(s)

+ 213.8

BaO(s)

+ 70.4

NO2(g)

+ 240.0

O2(g)

+ 205.0

Explain why:

S [NO2(g)] is greater than S [BaO(s)]

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2

NAME____________________________________GRADE 13
DATE____________
ENTROPY
..........................................................................................................................

S [Ba(NO3)2(s)] is greater than S [BaO(s)].

..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii)

Calculate the entropy change of the system, S

Include a sign and units in your answer.

system,

for this reaction.

(2)

(b)

Calculate the entropy change of the surroundings, S

298 K. Include a sign and units in your answer.

surroundings,

for the reaction at

(2)

(c)

Calculate S

total,

and explain the significance of the sign for this value.

.....................................................................................................................................
(2)

(d)

Calculate the minimum temperature at which the decomposition of barium nitrate

should occur.
You can assume that H and Ssystem are not affected by a change in temperature.

(2)

NAME____________________________________GRADE 13
DATE____________
ENTROPY
3. Ammonia can be oxidised to form nitrogen(II) oxide and water according to the equation

4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)

H = 905.6 kJ mol .

In industry, the reaction is carried out at 1123 K with a platinum/rhodium catalyst.

The standard entropy of one mole of each substance in the equation, measured at 298 K,
is shown in the table below.
Substance

(a)

(i)

S / J mol K

NH3 (g)

+192.3

O2 (g)

+205.0

NO (g)

+210.7

H2O (g)

+188.7

Use the values given to calculate the standard entropy change of the system,

S system, for this reaction. Include the sign and units in your final answer.

(2)

(ii)

Is the sign for your value for S

answer.

system

what you expected? Justify your

..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
(1)

NAME____________________________________GRADE 13
DATE____________
ENTROPY
(iii)

Calculate the entropy change of the surroundings, Ssurroundings, at 1123 K

for this reaction. Include the sign and units in your final answer.

(2)

(iv)

Calculate the total entropy change, Stotal, for this reaction at 1123 K.
Include the sign and units in your final answer. You may assume that
Ssystem is unchanged at high temperatures.

(1)
(v)

What does your answer to (iv) tell you about the extent of the reaction at
1123 K?
Justify your answer.
..........................................................................................................................
.
..........................................................................................................................
.
(1)

NAME____________________________________GRADE 13
DATE____________
ENTROPY
(vi) An energy profile was proposed to illustrate the effect of the catalyst on this
reaction. The proposal has two errors. Draw a corrected version on the axes
below.

P ro p o sal
U n c a ta ly s e d
p a th w a y

E n e rg y

4 N H 3 (g ) +
5 O 2(g )

4 N O (g ) +
6 H 2O (g )

C a ta ly s e d
p a th w a y
P ro g re s s o f re a c tio n
C o r r e c te d v e r sio n

E n e rg y

4 N H 3 (g ) +
5 O 2(g )

P ro g re s s o f re a c tio n
(2)

NAME____________________________________GRADE 13
DATE____________
ENTROPY

NAME____________________________________GRADE 13
DATE____________
ENTROPY
ANSWERS
1.

(a)

(i)

Methanol is the biggest/ most complex molecule / greatest M R /most

atoms/most electrons

Ssystem = 239.7 197.6 2(130.6)

(ii)

l 1

= 219.1/ 219 J mol K

Method (1)
answer + units (1)
(iii)

yes as 3 molecules 1 OR yes as (2) gases a liquid

(iv)

Ssurr = H/T (stated or used) (1)

1

= (129/ 298) = +0.433 kJ mol K / +433 J mol K /+ 432.9 (1)

1 for wrong units/ no units / more than 4 SF
1 for wrong sign/ no sign
Stotal = 219.1 + 433 = +213.9 / +213.8 J mol

(v)

K / +214 J mol K /

1 1

+0.214 kJ mol K (1)

Positive so possible (1)
2.

(a)

(i)

NO2 is a gas (whereas BaO is a solid) (1)

Ba(NO3)2 has a more complicated structure than BaO (1)
nd

Allow 2 mark if a correct statement is combined with a

neutral wrong statement
Accept Ba(NO3)2 molecule has more electrons / is
larger than BaO molecule (1)
Accept more atoms/ions/particles
Accept more complicated/complex compound
Reject Ba(NO3)2 has a larger molar mass than BaO
Reject more molecules/elements

(ii)

system

= 70.4 + (2 240.0) + ( 205.0) 213.8 (1)

1

= +439.1 J mol K (1)

1 per error
1

Accept +439 J mol K

Accept J/ mol /K
(b)

H
505 1000
(1) =
T
298
1 1
= 1700 J mol K (3 s.f.) (1)
Penalise wrong units in (a)(ii) and (b) once only
S

surroundings

NAME____________________________________GRADE 13
DATE____________
ENTROPY
1

Accept 1690 J mol K

1 1
Accept 1695 J mol K
1 1
Answers in kJ mol K
1

Reject 1694 J mol K

1 1
Reject 1694.6 J mol K
1 1
Reject 1694.63 J mol K
(c)

S total = +439.1 1695 = 1260 (J mol K ) (1)

Allow TE [follow through working from (a)(ii) and (b)]
Mark consistently with (a)(ii) and (b)
The reaction isnt spontaneous / doesnt go (at 298K) (1)
Must be consistent with sign in calculation
1

Accept 1256 J mol K

1 1
Accept 1261 J mol K
1 1
Accept 1255.5 J mol K
(d)

When just spontaneous, S

=0
505 OR 505000
or implied by calculation i.e
(1)
a(ii)
S

surroundings

T=

total

= 439.1 J mol K

505 1000
= 1150 (K) (1)
439.1
Accept 1150.1 K
Accept 877 C
Accept 1151K with no working (1 max)
nd

Reject 1151K for 2 mark

nd
Reject any negative value for T (in K): no 2 mark
Reject 1150 C
0

ignore K
Allow full marks for an answer without working
[10]

3.

(a)

(i)

[6 188.7 + 4 210.7] [4 192.3 + 5 205] (1)

1

+180.8 J mol K (1)

1

Accept +181 J mol K

Reject internal TE

1 for missing + sign/missing or incorrect units but penalise only

once in part (a)
[IGNORE sig fig]
9

NAME____________________________________GRADE 13
DATE____________
ENTROPY
(ii)

yes, as 9 molecules of gas are being changed to 10 molecules of

gas (therefore increase in disorder)
Accept TE from (i)
Not just 9 molecules going to 10 molecules

(iii) 905.6 1000 /1123 (1)

1

+ 806.4 J mol K / 0.8064 kJ mol K (1)

[IGNORE SF]
Accept + 806 J mol K
(iv)

+987.2 J mol K

Accept +987 J mol K

allow TE from (i) & (iii)
1

No TE if J mol K added to kJ mol K

(v)

All products/reaction goes to completion because Stot > 200 J

1

mol K /Stot is very large

[Needs to be consistent with (iv)]
(vi) catalysed pathway should have lower Ea than uncatalysed pathway
and the peak of the curve should be above the energy level of the
reactants (1)
Energy of products should be lower than energy of reactants (1)

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NAME____________________________________GRADE 13
DATE____________
ENTROPY

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NAME____________________________________GRADE 13
DATE____________
ENTROPY

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