Frequency Hopping Radar Signal

Diagram and Equipment Description

LeCroy WavePro 940

Digital Oscilloscope

Sync Out
In

LO In
RF In
RF Out
RF Out
IF Out

DFS Test Box

Out

Chan 1 Chan 2

Agilent
8474B
Opt 102

Agilent
Matched
Load

Log Periodic
A.R.A. LPD-112/A

Microwave Detector

BNC T

50 Ohms

Agilent E8267C
Vector Signal
Generator

Pattern
Trig In
RF Out

Agilent 89641A
Vector Signal
Analyzer

Ext Trig

used for both DFS recording &

chirp verification

BNC T

HP E6432A Microwave
Synthesizer
Sync Out

Agilent 33250A Single

Channel Arbitrary
Waveform Generator
Ext Trig/
FSK/Burst

Trig In Sync In Pulse RF Out

HP E8491B

IEEE 1394

Dell Inspiron 8000

Personal Computer

LeCroy LW420 Dual

Channel Arbitrary
Waveform Generator
Chan 1
Chan 2
Out Marker Out Marker

Generation of the frequency-hopping signal

The first step in generating the frequency-hopping signal is accomplished by
entering 274 sets of the randomized 475 hop frequencies into a frequency list stored in
memory in the fast-switching microwave synthesizer. Each set of the randomized 475
hop frequencies is generated by the following random without replacement algorithm: A
frequency is selected randomly from a group of 475 integer frequencies ranging from
5250 5724 MHz, inclusive. Next, the frequency that was just chosen is removed from
the group and a frequency is randomly selected from the remaining 474 frequencies in the
group. This process continues until all 475 frequencies are chosen for the set. For
selection of a random frequency, the frequencies remaining within the group are always
treated as equally likely.
Generation of the frequency-hopping signal proceeds as follows: The center
frequency of the microwave synthesizer is set according to the frequency list in the
synthesizers memory. The microwave synthesizer is set up to run for 10 seconds at a
time (one burst period) 1. During the ten-second-burst period, every 3 ms the microwave
synthesizer switches (hops) to the next frequency in the frequency list. The microwave
synthesizers center frequency is pulse modulated by a pulse train that consists of a burst
of 900 pulses (each with a 1 s pulse width) that occurs at the beginning of the tensecond-burst period. The pulse repetition frequency of the burst is 3000 pulses per
second. Therefore, the burst length is 300 ms and there are 9 pulses per frequency hop.
Because the pulses occur within the first 300 ms of the ten-second-burst period,
only the first 100 frequencies out of a given set of 475 randomized frequencies are
actually transmitted. Therefore, it is possible for none of the transmitted frequencies
during a ten-second-burst period to fall within the receiver bandwidth of the U-NII device
being tested. Whenever this occurred during bench testing, the particular ten-second
burst period was not counted as a miss in the performance of the U-NII device.

Up to 40 ten-second-burst periods may be run with unique random frequency hop sets. These 40 tensecond-burst periods may be transmitted one at a time or any number of them may be transmitted
contiguously. After all 40 ten-second-burst periods have been transmitted, one has to start over at the
beginning of either the current frequency list or a newly loaded, different frequency list.