Basic Knowledge of Video Surveillance System v1.2

Basic Knowledge of Video
Surveillance System
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to know:
Video surveillance systems at different development stages.
Typical video surveillance solutions.
Page 1
Contents
1.
Basic Knowledge of Video Surveillance

1.1 Background
1.1.1 Security
1.1.2 Video Surveillance
1.1.3 Security Development Requirements
1.2 Video Surveillance Concept
1.3 Video Surveillance Development
2. Video Surveillance Solution

3. Typical Application Scenarios of Video Surveillance
Page 2
1.1.1 Security: Important Factor Influential to

the Social Life
Public security
Malicious threats
Accidents
Environment security
Oceans, rivers, forests, and mountains
Terrorist attacks
Industrial accidents
Environmental damages
National defense
Traffic accidents
Chemical pollutions
Mass incidents
Equipment accidents
Forest fires
Crimes...
City fires...
Natural disasters...
To satisfy people's growing demands on security, an in-depth analysis of potential security threats
helps promote the development of security protection.
Page 3
1.1.2 Video Surveillance: Major Technical

Protection Means
With the social progress, security protection has
evolved from personnel protection and physical
protection to technical protection, that is,
performing security protection with the help of
scientific means.
As video images are instant, accurate, and

contain rich information, video surveillance
becomes undoubtedly the main means of
technical protection.
Page 4
Comprehensive and
intelligent video surveillance
1.1.3 Security Development Requirements
HD video
surveillance
Integrating
abundant
technologies
Mobile surveillance
Applying to
multiple
scenarios
Government
Public security
Finance
Education
Frontier defense
Medical service
Intelligent analysis
Command center
Traffic
Petroleum industry
Electric power
The traditional video surveillance cannot meet the security protection requirements of different
industries and customers unless it is combined with new technologies such as high-definition
(HD) display, intelligent applications, and mobile networks.
Page 5
Contents
1.

1.1 Background
2.
Video Surveillance Solution
3.
Typical Application Scenarios of Video Surveillance
Page 6

Definition
Video surveillance system is an electronic system or network
system using video technology to detect and monitor
specified areas, display and record live video, and retrieve
and playback historical video.
Video surveillance system is a sub-system of security
system.
Video surveillance technology is a part of the security
technology.
Page 7
Contents
1.

1.1 Background
1.3.1 Analog Video Surveillance System
1.3.2 Digital Video Surveillance System
1.3.3 Networked Video Surveillance System
1.3.4 Intelligent Video Surveillance System
2.
3.
Page 8
2010
Intelligent video surveillance system

Behavior analysis
Intelligent search
Diverse access methods
Millions of cameras
2007
2004
1999
70
70--90s
Traditional analog CCTV system

Analog cameras
Monitor (CRT)
Tape Recorder (VCR)
Analog + digital surveillance

system
Analog cameras
DVR/DVS
Local digital hard disk
storage
Networked video surveillance system

Core IP networks
Advanced video compression format
Integrating new Internet technologies
Operation, management, storage functions
Thousands of cameras
Current development stage

First Generation
Second Generation
Third Generation
Fourth Generation
Direction of development: analog -> digital -> network -> intelligent

Page 9
1.3.1 Analog Video Surveillance System

Video and audio
storage
Optical
fiber
Optical
transceiver
VCR
Video
display
Matrix
Cable
Video
display
Control keyboard
Video source
Transmission
Advantages:
1. Analog transmission of video signals.
2. Analog storage of video signals.
Switch and control

Problems:
1. Limited transmission distance, applying for small-sized
surveillance area.
2. Unstable image signals that are easily affected by interference.
3. Weak scalability, high storage costs, and complex maintenance
work.
4. Unavailable alarm linkage function.
Page 10
1.3.2 Digital Video Surveillance System
4/8/16 channel DVR

Audio signals
Monitor
Video signals
Multiple users can access the DVR
at the same time according to
hardware performance
CU 1
Advantages:
1.
Simplified system architecture.
2.
No limitation on transmission distance (for viewing)
3.
Digital image compression, reducing storage costs.
4.
Simple network and easy control and management.
CU 12
Problems:
1.
Poor storage security and stability.
2.
Dispersed PUs, making it difficult to manage PUs in a unified
manner.
3.
Difficult to establish a large-scale network and implement
remote surveillance.
Page 11
1.3.3 Networked Video Surveillance System

NVR Network Video
Recorder
TV wall
Decoder
IP camera with PTZ

Switch
NETWORK
Switch
IP dome camera
IP box camera
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Media
Mgt.
Server Distribution
Server
Storage
Server
Client
Network
Keyboard
The PUs are IP cameras (IPCs) that can perform signal compression coding by itself and output digital signals.
The digital signals are transmitted to surveillance center through IP network.
The surveillance center manages, forwards, stores, and decodes and displays video signals in a unified manner.
The NVR is used for video storage.
The decoder can convert digital signals into analog signals and output the signals to the video wall.
The network keyboard can be used to switch and control the video decoding and display (displaying the video from
any IPC to the video wall and controlling the PTZ)
Page 12

Intelligent analysis
Video quality diagnosis

Behavior analysis
Facial recognition
Alarm center
Alarm information
reporting
911
Client
Video
surveillance
platform
Surveillance center
1.
2.
3.
4.
Intelligent video analysis and intelligent alarm linkage.

Automatic alarm reporting and alarm linkage.
Higher third-party service integration scalability.
Change from passive surveillance to active surveillance.
Page 13

Intelligent storage
Video
buffering
Video surveillance
platform
Surveillance
site
Full video
storage
Disk array
Video
archiving
Frame extraction
storage
1. Video buffering ensures video completeness even when PUs are disconnected from the eSpace IVS platform.
2. Frame extraction storage based on the specified storage policy helps reduce stored video information and conserve video
storage space.
3. The video archiving function analyzes recorded video that has been stored for a specified time period, and retains only the prealarm, alarm, and post-alarm video segments, conserving video storage space.
4. Only video segments in which movements are detected are available for viewing, which saves viewing time and enhances work
efficiency.
Page 14
Contents
1.
2.

2.1 Video Surveillance Products
2.2 Camera Overview
2.3 Huawei PUs
2.4 DVR/DVS
2.5 Network Transmission
2.6 Surveillance Platform
2.7 Surveillance Center
Page 15
Huawei Video Surveillance Products
Application
solutions
Security
monitoring
Emergency
command
Intelligent
transportation
Safe city
Direct
center
Urban
road
Track
monitoring
GovernmentPolice
emergency emergency
Media platform
Small platform
Airports,
campus
Monitoring
platforms
NVR6128
(128 channel))
Analog camera + encoder
Industrial
garden
Large platform
Platform
NVR6008 NVR6016 NVR6032
(8 channel)(16 channel) (32 channel)
Campus
security
VCN3000
(256 channel))
SD IPC
IVS1.1
HD IPC
Super wide
LTE wireless
HD wide
Infrared wireless
HD camera
Dynamic camera
camera
box
camera Dynamic camera
Front end
Video server
DVR
IR dome
Dome
High speed IR
Dome camera
High speed
High speed
hemisphere dome camera
HD dome
camera
Page 16
Contents
1.
2.

2.1 Video Surveillance System Panorama
2.2 Camera Overview
2.2.1 Camera Imaging Principle
2.2.2 Camera Performance Parameters
2.2.3 Camera Classification
2.2.4 Camera Fittings
2.3 Huawei PUs
2.4 DVR/DVS
Page 17
2.2 Camera Overview
Camera
Page 18
2.2.1 Analog Camera

Components:
Lens, image sensor (CCD/CMOS), DSP processor, and circuit system.
Principle:
An object reflects light to the lens, focusing on CCD/CMOS chip. The analog signal
generated by the image sensor is converted into a digital signal through the
analog/digital converter, and then processed by a built-in DSP chip of the camera,
such as gain control, noise reduction, backlight compensation. The processed digital
signal is then converted into an analog signal before the output.
Image
sensor
CCD/CMOS
conversion
(A/D)
Gain
Backlight
Noise
reduction

Signal
processing
Analog
output
conversion
(D/A)
DVS
DVR
Analog-digital conversion
Encoding compression
Store-and-forward
Page 19
10
2.2.1 IPC
IPC:
IPCs, integrating a variety of functions including video/audio capture, signal
processing, coding compression, intelligent analysis, buffer storage, and network
transmission, can establish a large-scaled and distributed intelligent video surveillance
system in combination with a recording system and a management platform. In terms
of function, an IPC can be regarded as an analog camera plus a DVS.
Principle:
The principle is: The light passes through the lens, enters the sensor, and then is
converted into a digital signal through the analog/digital converter. The built-in signal
processor first processes the digital signal, then the encoding compression chip
performs coding compression on the digital signal, and finally the digital signal is sent
to the network for transmission through a network interface.
IP camera
IP output
Image
Sensor
conversion
(A/D)
CCD/CMOS
Signal
processing
Encoding
compression
Network
transmission
NVR
Signal processing
Page 20
2.2.1 Comparison Between Analog

Cameras and IPCs
IPC
Analog camera
Core Technology
Photosensitive device, video analysis and

encoding algorithms, and compression chip
Optical lens and imaging device
Image Quality
Megapixels
Close to 400,000 pixels
Storage Medium
Hard drive
Tape recorder or DVR
Connection Mode
Network cable
Power cable, video cable, and control line
Costs
Cost-effectiveness in terms of
comprehensive network establishment
Cost-effectiveness in terms of single-device

purchase
Scenario
Various scenarios with network access
Various scenarios
Audio Support
Bidirectional audio
Not supported
Application
Low application rate but showing strong

growth momentum
Widely used but at decreasing growth rate
Page 21
11
2.2.1 Camera Technical Specifications

Parameter
Description
Image
sensor size
The image sensor converts the light signals into electrical charge. Its size determines its
sensitivity to light, thereby determining the image quality. Its aspect ratio is usually 4:3. The
typical size of the image sensor is 1 inch, 1/2 inch, 1/3 inch, and 1/4 inch.
Definition
Camera definition is represented by lines, divided into horizontal and vertical lines. In practical
application, horizontal lines are often used as the definition indicator. More lines indicate higher
definition. The definition of a black and white camera is 450600, while the definition of a color
camera is 330480. A larger number indicates a higher definition. Generally, 450-line definition
can meet the requirements of most scenarios. Special scenarios such as medical industry and
image processing may use cameras with 450-line definition to obtain clearer images.
Resolution
Image resolution is represented by the number of points in the horizontal and vertical directions.
For example, 1280 x 720, where "1280" indicates 1280 horizontal points and "720" indicates 720
vertical points on the screen. The higher the resolution, the clearer the image.
Lowest
illuminance
Luminance is the measurement of sensitivity unit of a camera (lux), that is, the lowest light
degree under which condition a camera can shoot images. A small value of lux indicates that a
camera can shoot clear images under the corresponding low light condition. While testing the
lowest illuminance value, one must pay attention to the lens aperture size. The smaller the F
value, the larger the aperture, and the lower the illuminance requirement. For different apertures,
the lowest illuminance values are different.
Signal noise
ratio (SNR)
SNR is the ratio of the signal voltage to noise voltage. The noise includes power clutter, random
clutter, and others. SNR is often measured by decibel (dB). Higher signal-to-noise ratio indicates
that it produces less clutter and ensures higher image quality. The SNR of a CCD camera is
usually 4555 dB. An SNR less than 48 dB produces poor image quality.
Page 22
2.2.1 Camera Function Indicators

Parameter
Automatic Gain
Control (AGC)
Automatic White
Balance (AWB)
Backlight
compensation
(BLC)
Wide Dynamic
Range (WDR)
Strong Light
Inhibition
Day and Night
mode
Description
Automatic Gain Control (AGC) increases the signal strength of security cameras when the light is
dim, and puts a cap on it when it is bright, which helps keep the output signal consistent. AGC is
used in many different electrical circuits to boost and control signals. It is used in video and audio
signals as well. AGC is probably best used in a video security camera for a room that may have a
little lower light than the other rooms in a building. AGC may introduce some "noise" into the
video signal as well. Noise can appear as static artifacts in the video picture that will distort the
image. Adjusting the AGC becomes important to ensure best video image that can be obtained in
a specified scenario.
The basic concept of white balance is: Regardless of light source, a white object is restored as
white. For the color cast phenomenon occurring when a camera shoots images in a particular
light condition, compensation is performed through strengthening the corresponding
complementary color.
Backlight compensation is video gain done either manually or automatically to correct the
exposure of subjects that are in front of a bright light source.
WDR uses special CCD and DSP circuits for brighter regions and darker regions respectively,
and lays out the synthesis of these two pictures together to form an image with normal
foreground and background.
The strong light inhibition technology can effectively inhibit the excessive flare caused by the
strong direct rays of light, automatically identify strong points of light, and compensate the nearby
areas of bright parts to obtain a clear image.
In the daytime, the luminance is enough and the color mode is adopted, while at night, the
luminance is low. To improve the sensitivity and image quality, the camera automatically changes
to the black and white mode.
Page 23
12
2.2.2 Performance Indicator Image Sensor

Differences between the CCD and CMOS
Parameter
CCD
CMOS
Photosensitivity
High photosensitivity
Low photosensitivity
Resolution
High resolution
Low resolution
SNR
High SNR and color reproduction
Low SNR and uneven color

reproduction
Sensitivity
High sensitivity
Low sensitivity
Production costs
Lower rate of qualified products than

the CMOS and high costs
Mass production and low costs
Power
consumption
Driven by external voltage and high

power consumption
Electric charge amplification and

low power consumption
CMOS image sensor appearance
CCD image sensor appearance

Page 24
2.2.2 Performance Indicator Image Sensor

Image sensor size
The image sensor size refers to the dimensions (h x v) of the imaging area on the
image sensor. The size of the image sensor must match the lens size, but it is not
related to the resolution. The image sensor dimensions determine the lens size
and field of view.
Image sensor dimensions

The following table lists the image sensor dimensions.
Dimensions
1'' (inch)
2/3'' (inch)
1/2'' (inch)
1/3'' (inch)
1/4'' (inch)
Vertical
dimension
(v)
9.6 mm
6.6 mm
4.8 mm
3.6 mm
2.7 mm
Horizontal
dimension
(h)
12.8 mm
8.8 mm
6.4 mm
4.8 mm
3.6 mm
Diagonal
dimension
16 mm
11 mm
8 mm
6 mm
4 mm
Page 25
13
2.2.2 Performance Indicator Resolution

Resolution
Resolution is represented by "horizontal pixel x vertical pixel". For example, 1280 x 1024 indicates
1280 pixels in the horizontal direction and 1024 pixels in the vertical direction, totaling up to about
1.3 megapixels in an image. The earlier CCTV system supports a maximum resolution of 720 x 480
(in NTSC standard) or 720 x 576 (in PAL standard), totaling up to about 0.4 megapixels, that is, the
D1 resolution.
Mappings Between Video Formats and Video Bit Rates (in H.264 Standard)
Video Resolution
1080p
(1920 x 1080)
720p
(1280 x 720)
D1
(704 x 576)
CIF
(352 x 288)
QCIF
(176*144)
Default Bit
Rate (Mbit/s)
Bit Rate Value

Range (Mbit/s)
Remarks
816
HD.
48
1.52
0.5
0.3840.5
0.192
0.192
HD.
Standard definition
(SD): definition of the
DVD.
Definition of the
VCD.
Page 26
2.2.2 Performance Indicator Illuminance

Illuminance
Illuminance, also called the sensitivity, is the sensitivity of the image sensor to lights, or the
lowest light condition required for the image sensor to display an image. Illuminance is
measured by lux. The smaller the value of lux is, the lower the light condition that a camera
needs to shoot clear images is, and the more sensitive the lens is.
Low-illuminance camera
Recommended illuminance:
Common-illuminance camera
Starry night: 0.0010.01 lux
Night with moonlight: 0.010.2 lux
Overcast (indoor): 550 lux

Sunny (indoor): 1001000 lux
Overcast (outdoor): 50500 lux

5
9
Sunny summer noon: 10 10 lux
Page 27
14
2.2.2 Basic Functions
Page 28
2.2.2 Image Enhancement Technology
Low illuminance
Image sharpening
WDR
Fog penetration
Chromaticity
enhancement
Noise reduction
Page 29
15
2.2.2 Infrared and WDR Technologies
An image captured in the daytime
Under a common light

condition
Too much light
An image captured at night
An image captured at a
distance at night
When the WDR function is

enabled
Under a common light

condition
Insufficient light
Good image quality
Page 30
2.2.3 Camera Classification

Camera
Smoke
detector camera
Tube-shaped
camera
Pinhole camera
Special camera
UFO-shaped
camera
PTZ dome
camera
PTZ camera
Other PTZ
camera
Common
dome camera
Dome camera
Infrared
dome
camera
Infrared box
camera
Common
box camera
Box camera
Page 31
16
2.2.4 Fittings Lens

Lens
The lens functions to display the image of an object on the image sensor of a camera,
which is called optical imaging.
Focus ring
Imaging area size
Aperture ring
Screw
The lens has the following types:

25. 4 mm (l inch), 16. 9 mm (2/3 inch)
Imaging area
Focus ring
CCD
CCD
12. 7 mm (1/2 inch), 8.47 mm (1/3 inch)

6.35 mm (1/4 inch)
Different lens sizes correspond to
different imaging area sizes.
The imaging area size must match the image sensor size.
Page 32
2.2.4 Fittings Lens

Focal length
The focal length determines the shooting distance and angle of view. The longer the focal length is, the longer the lens
cone is. The zoom ratio indicates the ratio of a zoom lens' longest focal length to the shortest focal length.
NOTE:
The shorter the
focal length is, the
larger the angle of
view is.
Page 33
17
2.2.4 Fittings Lens

Mapping between the zoom ratio and shooting distance
Zoom Ratio
Reflecting
Reflecting
Detailed Object Object Contour
Features From
From
Reflecting
Behaviors
From
10x SD
20 m
40 m
80 m
18x SD
30 m
70 m
140 m
22/23x SD
40 m
80 m
160 m
26x SD
45 m
90 m
180 m
30x SD
50 m
100 m
200 m
36x SD
60 m
120 m
240 m
1.3-megapixel
18x HD
80 m
160 m
320 m
2-megapixel
20x HD
160 m
320 m
640 m
Selecting the focal length

By estimation (for lenses whose size is greater
than 4 mm)
Focal
Length
(mm)
Reflecting
Detailed
Object
Features
From
Reflecting
Object
Contour
From
Reflecting
Behaviors
From
X/2 m
Xm
2X m
For example, a person is 10 meters away from a

camera.
To view detailed facial features of the person,
adjust the focal length to 20 mm.
To view the person's contour, adjust the focal
length to 10 mm.
To monitor the person's behaviors, adjust the
focal length to 5 mm.
Page 34
2.2.4 Fittings Protective Cover

Installation location
You can use indoor protection covers to protect
cameras from dust, and use outdoor protection
covers to protect cameras in severe weather or
abnormal temperatures.
Size
The size of the protection cover must be larger
than the total size of the camera and lens.
Otherwise, the camera and lens cannot be
installed in the protection cover.
Function requirements
Rain wiper
Fan
Temperature control. If a protection cover with
the constant temperature control function is
used, power supply must be considered.
Page 35
18
Staple bolt + wallmounted bracket +

universal joint
Wall-mounted bracket
Wall-mounted bracket
+ universal joint
Pole-mounted staple
bolt + ceiling-mounted
bracket
Staple bolt +
universal joint
Ceiling-mounted bracket
Corner-mounted bracket
+ wall-mounted bracket
Pole-mounted staple
bolt + wall-mounted
bracket
In-ceiling bracket
Dome camera
Box camera
PTZ camera
2.2.4 Fittings Bracket
Wall-mounted
bracket
Ceiling-mounted bracket
In-ceiling bracket
Corner-mounted bracket
+ wall-mounted bracket
Pole-mounted staple
bolt + wall-mounted
bracket
Page 36
Contents
1.
2.

2.2 Camera Overview
2.3 Huawei PUs
2.3.1 Huawei PU Overview
2.3.2 Technical Advantages of Huawei PUs
2.4 DVR/DVS
Page 37
19
2.3.1 eSpace IVS Series PUs

HD
1.3-megapixel
day/night box
camera
2-megapixel
day/night box
camera
1.3-megapixel
day/night
dome
camera
2-megapixel
day/night
dome
camera
3-megapixel day/night
box camera
2-megapixel day/night
camera (2 models)
1.3-megapixel
day/night camera (2
models)
1.3-megapixel 1.3megapi
infrared
xel 18x
vandalspeed
proof dome
PTZ
camera
camera
(2
models)
5.0 megapixel
day/night box
camera
3.0 megapixel
infrared box
camera
1.3 megapixel
infrared box
camera
3.0 megapixel
infrared vandalproof dome
camera
1.3-megapixel
infrared vandalproof dome
camera
1.3-megapixel 18x infrared

speed PTZ camera
1.3-megapixel 18x infrared
embedded speed PTZ
camera
2-megapixel 20x speed
PTZ camera
2-megapixel 20x infrared
speed PTZ camera
2-megapixel, 60
fps, intelligent, SFP
2-megapixel, 60
fps, day/night, SFP
1.3-megapixel, 60
fps, LTE, SFP
1.3-megapixel, 60
fps, day/night, SFP
2-megapixel 20x
HD PTZ camera
1.3-megapixel 20x
speed PTZ camera
SD
Analog
Codec
Day/Night box camera (3

models)
WDR box camera (1 model)
Wireless box camera (4 models)
Infrared box camera (3 models)
Day/Night dome camera (1

model)
WDR dome camera (1 model)
Infrared vandal-proof dome
camera (1 model)
WDR box camera (2 models)

Day/Night camera (2 models)
Infrared box camera (2
models)
Indoor dome camera (2

models)
Mini-dome camera (1 model)
Indoor vandal-proof dome
camera (1 model)
Infrared water-proof dome
camera (1 model)
4-channel DVR (2 models)

18x/23x/28x/30x/36x speed PTZ

camera (2 models)
23x infrared speed PTZ camera
(7 models)
PoE compact camera
18x (2 models)/22x/23x/36x (2
models) speed PTZ camera
23x infrared Speed PTZ camera
1-channel portable
DVR (1 model)
4-channel vehiclemounted DVR (1

model)
Infrared camera (3 models)
DVR for judicial use (1

model)
ATM dedicated DVR (1

model)
Box camera with the

strong light
suppression function
(1 model)
1-channel DVS
(2 models)
4-channel DVS
(1 model)
4-channel DVS
(1 model)
8-channel DVS
(1 model)
16-channel DVS
(1 model)
Page 38
2.3.2 PU Behavior Analysis: Enhancing the

Surveillance Efficiency
eSpace IPC5611-WD-F
Moving object counting

Counts moving objects in a
specified direction.
Tripwire detection
Checks for persons and objects
crossing a tripwire in a specified
direction.
Page 39
20
2.3.2 Standardized PU Software
Vware
Web CGI
Protocol
adapter
Clairvoyance
ONVIF
SDK Agent
Message Bus
Media management
Image configuration and

management
Alarm management
Log
management
Huawei platform
Third-party platform
HME
Advantages of standardized PUs:

Highly compatible PUs that can connect to third-party platforms.
Different PU software with unified features that facilitate quality control, upgrade, and maintenance.
Page 40
Contents
1.
2.

2.2 Camera Overview
2.3 Huawei PUs
2.4 DVR/DVS
2.4.1 DVR
2.4.2 DVS
Page 41
21
2.4 DVR/DVS
DVR/DVS
Page 42
2.4.1 DVR
Definition
The DVR is a device that converts the video and audio signals captured by a camera or an
audio monitoring unit into digital signals, and stores the digital signals in the hard disk. The
DVR can be regarded as a computer system that integrates functions such as video capture,
coding compression, video storage, and network transmission.
Operating principle
Analog-to-digital conversion: converting analog audio and video signals into digital signals.
Compression: The processor compresses the digital signals using the compression algorithm.
Storage: The application program stores the compressed audio and video signals in the hard disk.
Playback: The playback program reads the specified video
information from the hard disk according to the query
criteria and displays the video.
Analog-to-Digital
Conversion
Hard
disk
DSP
A-D
CPU
Hard
disk
Video Capture
Coding
Compression
Page 43
22
2.4.1 Position of the DVR in the Network

Remote
surveillance
PC client
Decoder
Video
wall
PC client
IVS central management platform
Surveillance center
DVR/DVS
DVR/DVS
IPC
IPC
Analog camera
Analog camera
PU video
capture
Page 44
2.4.1 Typical Application Scenario of the DVR
Page 45
23
2.4.2 Video Encoder (DVS)
The video encoder is also known as the digital video server (DVS). It converts analog signals
into digital signals that the computer can interpret. Once a signal is converted into a digital
signal, it can be transmitted over the Internet or a local area network (LAN) to a computer
where it can be analyzed. The DVR focuses on the video recording function, while the DVS
focuses on the video encoding and network transmission. Most DVSs have no video
recording function (some encoders are configured with a buffer memory to temporarily store
video).
Page 46
2.4.2 Position of the DVS in the Network

Remote surveillance
PC client
Decoder
Video
wall
PC client
IVS central management platform
Surveillance center
DVR/DVS
DVR/DVS
IPC
IPC
Analog camera
Analog camera
PU video
capture
Page 47
24
2.4.2 Typical Application Scenario of the DVS
Page 48
2.4.2 Differences Between the DVR and DVS

DVR
Main problems resolved:
Analog-to-digital conversion and
encoding.
Connecting to the analog or IP system.
Video storage, retrieval and playback.
Providing the control page.
DVS
Main problems resolved:

Analog-to-digital conversion and encoding.
Connecting to the analog or IP system.
With a local hard disk
Without a local hard disk usually
An independent system or web system.
Network management software is required

for operation, use and management.
Used to ensure the reliability of local

storage.
Used to ensure the video transmission

efficiency and quality.
Page 49
25
Contents
1.
2.

2.2 Camera Overview
2.3 Huawei PUs
2.4 DVR/DVS
Page 50
Network
transmission
Page 51
26
A Variety of Transmission Modes
Page 52
Optical Fiber Transmission Mode

Optical fiber transmission system
The optical fiber transmission is an information transmission method using optical fibers as the transmission medium
and the optical wave as the carrier wave. The optical fiber transmission system is composed of the sending part,
receiving part, and transmission part.
Electrical
signal
Optical
transceiver
Optical fiber
Optical
transceiver
Electrical
signal
Page 53
27
Content
1.
2.

2.2 Camera Overview
2.3 Huawei PUs
2.4 DVR/DVS
2.6.1 Small-Sized Platform
2.6.2 Medium-Sized Platform
2.6.3 Large-Sized Platform

Page 54
2.6.1 Small-Sized Platform
Small-sized platform
Page 55
28
Independent Deployment at a Small-Sized

Surveillance Site
Surveillance
room
eSpace NVR
6008/6016/6032
Surveillance
site
Convenience store
Gas station
Residential area
Page 56
2.6.2 Medium-Sized Platform
Medium-size platform
Page 57
29
Flexible Deployment
Remote
surveillance
Single NVR
deployment
PC client
Decoder
Video
wall
PC client
NVR
Surveillance
center
DVR/DVS
DVR/DVS
IPC
IPC
Analog camera
Analog camera
PU video
capture
Distributed
deployment of
multiple NVRs
Deploying the NVR at a
surveillance site as an
end for video collection
and management
Centralized
deployment of
multiple NVRs
Stacking multiple NVRs
in the surveillance
center for video storage
and forwarding
Page 58
Advantages of the Medium-Sized Platform

Lower construction costs
Uses all-in-one devices that integrate
storage, transmission, and management
functions to reduce customers' total cost of
ownership (TCO).
High transmission
efficiency
Medium-sized
platform solution
One-stop media
node solution
Provides a one-stop media
node solution to lower the
construction cost and reduce
fault points.
Improves the video stream

transmission mechanism to
reduce the time-delay and
bandwidth consumption.
Easy deployment and

maintenance
The NVR has management software,
which can significantly simplify the
installation, deployment, and
maintenance.
Independent domain
service
Offers the function of independent
domain management that can ensure
the service operation when the
network connection between an NVR
and the management platform is
faulty.
Page 59
30
2.6.3 Large-Sized Platform
Large-sized platform
Page 60
eSpace IVS Platform Components

Service management unit (SMU)
Media unit (MU)

Establishes, forwards, and stops
media streams.
Configures and manages

organizations, users, roles, rights,
and devices.
Provides interfaces for other
service modules and third-party
applications.
Service control unit (SCU)
Supports video storage, video on

demand (VoD), and playback
control.
Controls video surveillance

services.
Device communication gateway (DCG)
Provides interfaces for other

service modules and thirdparty applications.
Platform communication gateway (PCG)

Connects to third-party systems.
Connects third-party PUs.
Media analysis server (MAU)

Performs intelligent analysis
and reports analysis results
and alarms to the platform.
Page 61
31
Multi-level and Multi-domain Architecture

and Independent Domain Service
Level-1 domain
(municipal bureau and
Headquarters)
Users in level-1
surveillance centers
can view and control
PUs of level-2 and
level-3 surveillance
centers.
Level-2 domain
(branch bureau
and office)
Large-scale
surveillance network
using the multi-level
and multi-domain
architecture
Disk
array
LAN/WAN
MAU
SMU+SCU
+DB
eSpace IVS
platform
Client
Client
Other security
surveillance platforms
PCG
DCG
MU
(cluster)
eSpace NVR (stackable)
eSpace IVS Deploying SMU, SCU, and

DCG on the same host
platform
MU
(cluster)
Disk
array
eSpace NVR (stackable)
Level-3 domain
Client
(police station and

customer service center)
The services in
each domain
run properly
even when the
network
between
domains fails.
LAN/WAN
Each domain has

its own cameras
and users.
eSpace NVR
Client
LAN/WAN
LAN/WAN
Page 62
eSpace IVS Platform Highlights

Supports two-node cluster and load
balancing.
Supports highly reliable operating
systems, for example, SUSE Linux
High-reliability hardware and system
redundancy
Supports independent service
management in each domain
Hardens the security by shielding
unused services and interfaces
Supports digital watermark and video
stream encryption.
Supports up to 100,000 PUs per platform.

Supports multi-level and multi-domain
network.
Forwards 800 Mbit/s media streams or
stores 400 Mbit/s media streams
concurrently per media server.
Supports 1024 media nodes.
IVS
Supports Clairvoyance and
ONVIF protocols
Supports GA/T669 protocol.
Provides SDKs and controls for software
development and integration.
Provides PCGs to connect to platforms of other
vendors.
Provides DCGs to connect to third-party video
and alarm devices
Supports plug and play and PU

configuration in batches
Supports automatic upgrade of PUs
and clients.
Supports quality diagnosis of videos
on PUs.
Supports smooth upgrade and
capacity expansion
Connects to the Operation &
Maintenance System (OMS).
Page 63
32
Access of Multiple Clients: Satisfying

Diversified Needs
C/S
client
Mobile
client
B/S
client
Scenario or
Function
C/S Client
User type
Technical experts and

security personnel
Other departments
Managers
Application scenario
Surveillance centers or offices
Areas when C/S clients are

not available.
Surveillance areas except for the

surveillance centers or when an
emergency occurs
Live video
surveillance
Video playback
Alarm linkage
Image management
Supported
Supported
Supported
Supported
Supported
Supported
Supported
Supported
Supported
Supported
Supported
Supported
B/S Client
Mobile Client
Page 64
Diverse System Environments: Easing the

System Deployment
PC client
Mobile client
Windows 7
Windows XP
Android (2.3 and later)

iOS (4.0 and later)
eSpace IVS
platform
Server
SUSE Linux 10
Windows 7
Windows XP
Database
PostgreSQL
Oracle
Page 65
33
Intelligent Analysis Function: Improving

Surveillance Efficiency
IVS central server
(on which the SCU, SMU, PCG, DCG, BCG, and DB are deployed)
PC client
Crowd counting
Notify the client to
superimpose the
analysis results on the
video image.
(1) Live video
PU
IP network
Density detection
Report analysis results (alarm and surveillance object
information) to the SCU, which sends the results to the
database and creates a recording index.
MU
server
The MAU analyzes recorded

or live video streams
according to the predefined
rules.
Supported functions:
behavior analysis, video
quality diagnosis, and facial
recognition.
MAU server
(2) Recorded video

Signaling stream
Video stream
Video storage device
Presence detection
Speed detection
Loitering detection
Directional movement
detection
Abandoned object detection Removed object detection
Intrusion detection
Page 66
Intelligent Alarm Linkage: Facilitating Timely

Alarm Handling
1. A suspicious person
is attempting to climb
over the wall.
Platform
PU
Audible and visual

alarm device
4. Audible and visual

alarms automatically go
off based on the preset
rules.
Command center
2. Live video images
are transmitted to the
platform.
4. The client displays

the live video images
and location
information.
Client
5. The platform
initiates the
corresponding
emergency plan.
This incident is
handled, and the
suspect is arrested.
Incident
handling
3. The platform analyzes the

images in real time and detects
intrusion.
Users can set intelligent analysis rules for incidents such as intrusion, unlawful stay, and fixed-point
security surveillance. When a rule is broken, light alarms and alarm bells automatically go off.
The surveillance command center performs unified dispatch in emergency handling.
Page 67
34
Quick Video Search and Efficient Playback Locating
Recording configuration:
allowing users to configure
recording policies on a userfriendly GUI based on the time
matrix.
Alarm playback: Locating

and playing back a video file
based on the alarm
information.
Locating video by label

Locating video by alarm
Playing back video frame
by frame
Playing back video at
different speeds
Manual recording (in blue)

Scheduled recording (in green)
Common alarm-triggered
recording (in orange)
Intelligent analysis alarmtriggered recording (in red)
Simultaneous playback of
multiple channels of recorded video
Page 68
Huawei IVS Platforms

eSpace IVS platform
Separately or jointly deploys modules on a
Large-sized
platform
distributed architecture, including service

management, media distribution, device
access, and intelligent analysis.
Central management
server
Media processing Device access server Intelligent analysis

server
server
Disk array
(multi-level and multi-domain deployment;

maximum: 200,000 PUs)
Middle-sized
platform
Small-sized
platform
Packaged product
Integrated and stackable
Integrating video
surveillance management,
forwarding, and storage
eSpace NVR
6008-1U
(1U, 2-disk slot, 8channel NVR)
eSpace NVR6128
Supports access of 128 channels per device.
Supports access of 1024 channels for stacked
NVRs (2U, 12-disk slot, 128-channel NVR).
eSpace NVR6008
eSpace NVR6016
eSpace NVR6032
Page 69
35
Contents
1.
2.

2.2 Camera Overview
2.3 Huawei PUs
2.4 DVR/DVS
Page 70
Surveillance Center
Control room
Monitoring client
Image viewing
System
management
Electronic map
Matrix Switch
Video decoding
(digital)
Video switching
Image display
Image display
Splicing screen
control
Keyboard control
Matrix Control
Device Control
Image switching
PTZ control
Console
UPS systems
Power supply
...
Agent
Page 71
36
Screen Splicing Controller

Screen splicing controller:
The screen splicing controller provides video interfaces of multiple types to receive signals from
external devices, for example, active video signals, RGB signals, and network signals,
processes the signals, and outputs them to the video wall as desktop signals.
DLP splicing screen video wall
Built-in signal processor in the

display unit
Digicom multiscreen processing
Direct
system
display of
RGB
signals
SVAK RGB video
switching matrix
Direct
display of
video
signals
SVAK video switching matrix
Control PC
System layer
Interface
DVD
Video
recorder
Projector
Interface
User layer
Interface
Camera
Remote video
signals
Independent RGB signal

sources
Workstation Laptop
PC
Page 72
Comparison of Large Screen Displays
DLP
PDP
LCD
Advantage
Disadvantage
1.
2.
3.
4.
1. Lower brightness than PDP

2. Uneven brightness when the
number of spliced screens is large.
3. Taking up more space
4. High power consumption and
maintenance costs.
1. Large size and small joint gap

Slow decay of image brightness
Small pixel gap and exquisite images
Suitable for displaying computer
images and static images for a long
time.
1. 1. High uniformity on a single screen

2. High brightness at the initial stage
3. High contrast and exquisite images
1. Large pixel gap

2. The screen burns easily when
displaying computer images or
static images
3. Fast brightness decay (cannot be
improved)
4. Low reliability and high power
consumption
1. Low-power consumption, light weight

2. Easy to install
3. Long life (operating for 50,000 hours
or more)
4. No radiation, screen brightness
uniformity, and good image quality
5. Low maintenance costs
Seamless splicing is impossible (at

present, the minimum length of
bilateral seams is 5.7 mm)
Photo
Page 73
37
Keyboard
A keyboard can be used to control surveillance devices, including switching video on the screen, controlling the
PTZ, and adjusting the focal length. Users can also use a keyboard to set parameters for the surveillance devices
and perform programming.
Classification of keyboard
Analog keyboard
Functions:
Controlling the video matrix, PTZ, and DVR or DVS
Connection mode:
Connects to PTZ cameras, PTZs, DVRs, DVSs through the
RS485 interface.
Connects to the matrix through the RS232 interface.
IP keyboard
Functions:
Controlling IPCs, DVRs, DVSs, NVRs, and decoders
Connection mode:
Connect to the switch through the RJ45 network port.
Page 74
Contents
1.
2.
3.

3.1 Safe City Solution
3.2 Traffic Surveillance Solution
3.3 Emergency Command Solution
3.4 Campus Security Solution
Page 75
38
3.1 Safe City Solution
Visible GPS locating
Video-assisted
detection
Video surveillance
center
Third-party applications
and systems
Huawei eSpace safe city solution uses the comprehensive public security video surveillance platform and utilizes video
surveillance resources from public security departments and other social resources. This solution provides real-time urban
surveillance and surveillance video query services. Police's cyber pursuit is also facilitated using full-time, space-based
surveillance services for accurate tracking and analysis in combating crimes and securing the social environment.
Visible PGIS
surveillance
Real-time video access

Public security and social video surveillance resources
Video database
Vehicle tracking
can be accessed through the video access gateway.

Users can view live and recorded video to monitor
Surveillance
site search
ongoing events across the city.
Suspected personnel
tracking
Urban surveillance
center
Video-assisted detection
By quickly querying and analyzing surveillance resources,
police officers can accurately track down a potential
Video server
Service Surveillance
Intelligent Media server

Video
data unit networking gateway analysis server
Social video
Video networking
surveillance
Police-specific video surveillance
resources
resources
PU access
gateway
Public security
protection platform
suspect or a moving vehicle, supporting the investigation

of an ongoing case to solve a criminal case.
Quick and accurate crime combat

By quickly querying and analyzing surveillance resources,
Surveillance
NVR
DVR/DVS
Center in a
local police
station
police officers can accurately track down a potential suspect or

Enterprises, industrial parks, financial
outlets, school campuses, airports,
a moving vehicle, supporting the investigation of an ongoing

case to solve a criminal case.
Internet bars, and hotels
Page 76
3.2 Traffic Surveillance Solution

By integrating HD video and intelligent analysis technologies, Huawei eSpace traffic surveillance solution is
constructed to meet the requirements on urban transportation, subway transportation, railway transportation, and
highway transportation.
Third-party
applications
and systems
Urban traffic surveillance
Railway traffic surveillance
HD video and snapshots
Visible PGIS Traffic guidance

surveillance system
Urban traffic
surveillance
center
ETC system
Vehicle
tracking
Railway traffic surveillance center
PU access
Remote law
Surveillance Intelligent analysis
Media server
enforcement platform data unit
server
Traffic surveillance
collaboration platform
Visible GIS Dispatching

surveillance
system
Monitors traffic condition in real

time using HD cameras that
supports automatic day/night
switch with accurate color
reproduction capability. The
surveillance video and snapshot
quality can satisfy requirements of
customers from different industries.
Subway traffic
surveillance center
Intelligent behavior analysis and tracking

NVR
HD checkpoint or
Integrated HD
Vehicle-mounted
monitoring devices checkpoint/ePolice cameras ePolice controller
Video surveillance
platform
Intelligently tracks and

seamlessly takes snapshots of
traffic violations to provide
substantial evidence for law
enforcement and consequently
reduce traffic accidents.
Cameras for road and railway

surveillance
Page 77
39
3.2 Intelligent Transport Network Diagram
Page 78
3.3 Emergency Command Solution

Huawei eSpace emergency command solution is based on the unified computer-assisted dispatch (CAD) center, visible
commanding, intelligent analysis and decision making, and disaster response systems, integrating advanced information
and communications technology (ICT) capabilities such as the location based service (LBS), GPS, GIS, and remote
consultation, decision making, and command. This enables the emergency command center to interact with on-site
personnel to control accidents and disasters timely and effectively and reduce the loss of life and property.
Third-party
applications
and systems
Multiple alarm access modes

Disaster
management/contingency
plan dispatch
Decision support
Automatic vehicle
tracking
Development
trend prediction
Resource allocation
Real-time
plotting
Wireless cluster
Prediction and warning
Allows users to make alarm calls in real time

using fix-line phones, mobile phones, SMS
messages, and the Internet. Intelligent video
alarms and sensor alarms are also
supported.
Visual command and dispatch

Integrates with third-party capabilities in
static and dynamic video collection, remote
negotiation, and GIS to visualize emergency
command and dispatch.
ECC
Remote command (Telepresence)
UAP
CAD Video surveillance Surveillance Intelligent analysis

system
data unit
server
Collaborative emergency
command platform
PU
access
CTI
Fixed-line
phone
Mobile
Web client phone
Media
server
Dispatching
exchange
Wireless
Fixed surveillance
surveillance device
device
Vehicle-mounted
surveillance device
Intelligent analysis and

decision making
Integrates with third-party systems, such as
disaster management, contingency plan
dispatch, and automatic vehicle tracking, to
support decision making and process
emergencies in a timely and correct manner.
Page 79
40
3.4 Campus Security Solution
Third-party applications
and systems
Based on the eSpace IVS platform, Huawei eSpace campus security solution integrates anti-theft alarm, access control, voice intercom,
electronic patrol, public address, parking management, and power and environment monitoring systems. The integrated solution is applicable
to industrial parks, airports, prisons, and school campuses to intelligently monitor the surveillance sites and trigger security actions.
Industrial park School Petroleum Electronic park Prison

campus industry
Campus
Security
system
Video surveillance system
Electronic patrol
system
Alarm system
Voice intercom
system
Bonded
port area
Airport
Access control system
Parking management
system
Financial
outlet
Public address system
Power and environment

monitoring system
Open platform
Provides standard protocol stack and
connects to seven common campus
security subsystems.
HD video surveillance
Saves customer costs by
20%.
Audible and Video

visual alarm alarm
Mobile
phone alarm
Campus surveillance
center
Campus security
platform
PU
access
Mobile surveillance and quick locating

Video surveillance
platform
Surveillance
data unit Intelligent analysis
server
Intelligent
Emergency plan
implementation engine analysis
Square
entrance and exit
Campus
surroundings
Improves security protection efficiency

by 30%.
NVR
Floor
hallway
Parking lot
Lift
Real-time intelligent surveillance

Leverages intelligent behavior analysis
technologies to monitor key locations all
day and generate warnings in the event of
impending danger.
Page 80
Conclusion
This document provides an overview of the video
surveillance system and describes the video surveillance
solutions.
Page 81
41
Thank you
www.huawei.com
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