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Single-Phase Circuits
Impedance Combinations
Admittance
Components of Impedance
Lecture Outlines
Capacitors
Inductors
Resistors
Circuit Elements
V m cos( t + )
Vm
= I m
Phasor Domain
= I m cos( t + )
Time Domain
Tim e
i (t ) = 2 cos(60t 45)
12 45
=
I=
j L
j 60 0 .1
12 45
=
= 2 45
6 90
L = 0.1 H
di
v= L
V = j L I
dt
Tim e
di V = j L I
v=L
dt
j C
= (6 30)(0.00590)
= 0.0360
= (6 30)( j100 50 10 6 )
I = Vj C
C = 50 F
v = C i dt V =
j C
Tim e
v = C i dt V =
Capacitor
For the sake of consistency, always make the voltage as the reference.
Inductor
j C
Capacitor
1
Z=
j C
Z = j L
Z=R
opposition showed by
the circuit to the flow of
a sinusoidal current
V =
Inductor
Unit: ohms ()
V
Z=
I
V = j L I
Resistor
Impedance
V = RI
Z = R + jX
reactance
If X = 0, impedance is resistive
resistance
Impedance
Components of Impedance
Means the
current lags
the voltage
Z L = j L
Impedance of an Inductor
=0
ZC =
j C
Impedance of a Capacitor
=0
Y = G + jB
conductance
Admittance
1
I
Y= =
Z V
Admittance
susceptance
reciprocal of impedance
j C
V s = 10 0 V
= 1.7926.6
Vs 100
100
I= =
=
Z 5 j 2.5 5.59 26.6
1
= 5+
j 4 0 .1
= 5 j 2 .5
Z = 5 +
=4
1.7926.6
j 4 0.1
j C
1.7926.6
=
= 4.47 63.4
0.490
V = IZ C =
equivalent
impedance
Z eq = Z 1 + Z 2 + Z 3 + ......... + Z N
Impedance in Series
1
1
1
1
1
=
+
+
+ ......... +
Z eq Z 1 Z 2 Z 3
ZN
Yeq = Y1 + Y2 + Y3 + ......... + YN
equivalent
impedance
equivalent
admittance
Impedance in Parallel
j C
1
=
j 50 2 10 3
= j10
Z1 =
Z1
Z3
= 8 + j 50 0 .2
= (8 + j10 )
Z 3 = 8 + j L
1
j 5010103
= (3 j 2)
Z2 = 3 +
Z2
Example 1
46 .17 17.7
= 3.39 18.3 = 3.22 j1.07
13.6036 .0
Z in = Z1 + Z 23
Z 23 =
8 + j10 + 3 j 2
24 j16 + j 30 j 2 20
11 + j 8 13 .60 36 .0
=
=
44 + j14 46 .17 17 .7
1
1
1
1
1
=
+
=
+
Z 23 Z 2 Z 3 3-j 2 8 + j10
= 50 rad/s
= 4 rad/s
5 H Z O = j 4 5 = j 20
1
= j 25
3
j 4 10 10
20 cos( 4t 15 )
VS = 20 15
10 mF Z C =
Example 2 (cont)
Z2
= 116 . 62 59 . 0
Z TOTAL = Z 1 + Z 2 = 60 + j100
Z2 = j100
20 15
=
116.6259.0
VO = IOZO = ICZC
VO
= 0.047 j 0.165
j 20
VO
IC = IS IO = IS
ZO
ZTOTAL
VS
VO VO
VO
IC =
=
= 0.047 j 0.165
ZC -j25
j 20
VO = j L I O
IC
IO
j
1
1
1
1
1
=
+
=
+
=
Z 2 Z C Z O -j 25 j 20 100
IS
Z1
IS =
Example 2 (cont)