Vector data processing and

Coordinate System

Vector Data Processing

Sarfaraz Alam, sarfaraz_wre@yahoo.com

2

Union
Computes a geometric
union
of
the
input
features.
All features and their
attributes will be written to
the output feature class.

Sarfaraz Alam, sarfaraz_wre@yahoo.com

3

Erase
Creates a feature class by
overlaying the Input
Features with the polygons of
the Erase Features.
Only those portions of the
input features falling outside
the erase features outside
boundaries are copied to the
output feature class.

Sarfaraz Alam, sarfaraz_wre@yahoo.com

4

Dissolve
Aggregates features based on
specified attributes.

Sarfaraz Alam, sarfaraz_wre@yahoo.com

5

Intersection
Computes a geometric
intersection of the input
features.
Features or portions of
features which overlap in
all layers and/or feature
classes will be written to
the output feature class.

Sarfaraz Alam, sarfaraz_wre@yahoo.com

6

Split
Splitting the Input Features
creates a subset of multiple
output feature classes.
The Split Field's unique values
form the names of the output
feature classes. These are
saved in the target workspace

Sarfaraz Alam, sarfaraz_wre@yahoo.com

7

Clip
Extracts input features that overlay
the clip features.
Use this tool to cut out a piece of
one feature class using one or more
of the features in another feature
class as a cookie cutter.

Sarfaraz Alam, sarfaraz_wre@yahoo.com

8

Buffer
Creates buffer polygons around input
features to a specified distance
Analysis Tools Proximity Buffer

Sarfaraz Alam, sarfaraz_wre@yahoo.com

9

Buffer
Variable Distance Buffer

Fixed Distance Buffer

Sarfaraz Alam, sarfaraz_wre@yahoo.com

10

Buffer

Fixed Distance Buffer

Sarfaraz Alam, sarfaraz_wre@yahoo.com

11

Buffer
Variable Distance Buffer

Sarfaraz Alam, sarfaraz_wre@yahoo.com

12

Near
Determines the distance from each
feature in the input features to the
nearest feature in the near features,
within the search radius.

Sarfaraz Alam, sarfaraz_wre@yahoo.com

13

Generalization

Sarfaraz Alam, sarfaraz_wre@yahoo.com

14

Coordinate system

15

Fig: Shape of
the Earth

Spherical Coordinate

Spherical Coordinate

Map Projection
A map projection is a systematic transformation of the latitudes
and longitudes of locations on the surface of a sphere or
an ellipsoid into locations on a plane.
Map projections are necessary for creating maps. All map
projections distort the surface in some fashion.
Depending on the purpose of the map, some distortions are
acceptable and others are not; therefore different map projections
exist in order to preserve some properties of the sphere-like body
at the expense of other properties.
There is no limit to the number of possible map projections.

Types of Map Projection

Map projections are classified in
several ways
Based on geometrical model of
projection
Based on orientation
Based on pattern of deformation

Fig: Transformation From 3 dimension to 2

dimension

Classification based on geometrical model of projection

Azimuthal Projection
Cylindrical Projection
Conical Projection

Universal Transverse Mercator projection

Zones are each six degrees of longitude, numbered as

shown at the top, from W to E

Define coordinate in ArcMap

Geographic
Coordinate
System

World

WGS1984

Coordinate Transformation in ArcMap

Coordinate system can
be transformed from one
to another using Project
tool

Class Work

25

Thank you

26