ติวสดออนไลน์ฟรี

STRENGTH
Euw Chaiwanont
 zero throughout the member. This assumption is verified, both from x
experimental evidence and from the theory of elasticity, for slender (a) Longitudinal, vertical section
members undergoing small deformations.† We conclude that the only ติ
วฟรี(plane
STATICS BY P’EUW
of symmetry)

Bending Stress
nonzero stress component exerted on any of the small cubic elements
4.3 DEFORMATIONS considered IN A hereSYMMETRIC
is the normal MEMBERcomponent sx. Thus, at any point of a M'
slender member in pure bending, we have a state of uniaxial stress.
IN PURE BENDING
Recalling that, for M . 0, lines AB and A9B9 are observed, respec-
Let us now analyze the deformations
tively, to decreaseofand a prismatic
increasemember
in length, possess-
we note that the strain Px x
ing a plane of symmetry and subjected at its ends to
and the stress sx are negative in the upper equal and oppo-
portion of the member
site couples M and M9 acting in theand
(compression) plane of symmetry.
positive The member
in the lower portion (tension).
will bend under the actionItoffollows
the couples,
from the butabove
will remain
that theresymmetric
must exist a surface parallel M
with respect to thattoplane (Fig. 4.7). Moreover, since
the upper and lower faces of the member, the bending
where Px and sx are zero.
z
moment M is the same (b) Longitudinal, horizontal section
Thisin any cross
surface section,
is called the member
the neutral surface.willThebend
neutral surface intersects
uniformly. Thus, the the
lineplane
AB along which the upper face
of symmetry along an arc of circle of the mem-DE (Fig. 4.10a), and it Fig. 4.9 Member subject to pure
ber intersects the plane of the couples will have a constant curvature. bending.
STRESS AND DEFORMATION FROM BENDING
intersects a transverse section along a straight line called the neutral
In other words, the line
axis AB,
of the which was(Fig.
section originally
4.10b).a The
straight
originline,
of will
coordinates will now be
be transformed into selected
a circle on of the
center and so will the
neutral surface, rather than A9B9
C, line on the lower face of the
(not shown in the figure)
member along as which the lower
done earlier, so face
that ofthethe member
distance from any pointและส่วนล่างจะมีระยะยืดออก
to the
intersects theเมื่อคานรับ bending
plane neutral
of symmetry. moment
We alsoดังรูปจะเห็นว่า
note that บริเวณส่วนบนจะมีระยะหดลง
the line
surface will be measured by its coordinate AB will y. กล่าวคือ
ด้านบนของคานรับ
decrease in length when the member
compressive และด้านล่างรับ
is bent
stress as shown intensile
the figure,
stress
i.e., when M . 0, while A9B9 will become longer.
C
C

" "–y
y
y
M! M Neutral
A B B
A y axis
J K
c
D E z
B! O
A! D x B! y
O

Fig. 4.7 (a)Deformation

Longitudinal,ofvertical
member in
section (b) Transverse section
pure bending. (plane of symmetry)

Fig. 4.10 Deformation with respect to neutral axis.

Next we will prove that any cross section perpendicular to the
axis of the member remains Mc
plane, and that the plane of the section
σ
†Also see =
Prob.
passes through C. If this were not
4.32.
the case, we could find a point E
I
E E!
of the original section through D (Fig. 4.8a) which, after the member
has been bent, would not lie in the plane perpendicular to the plane
of symmetry that contains line CD (Fig. 4.8b). But, because of the
symmetry of the member, there would be another point E9 that would
be transformed exactly in the same way. Let us assume that, after the
beam has been bent, both points would be located to the left of the
plane defined by CD, as shown in Fig. 4.8b. Since the bending moment
M is the same throughout the member, a similar situation would pre-
vail in any other cross section, and the points corresponding to E and
E9 would also move to the left. Thus, an observer at A would conclude
M Radius of Curvature
that the loading causes the points E and E9 in the various cross sec-
tions to move forward (toward the observer). But an observer at B, to
B
whom the loading looks the same, and who observes the points E and
E9 in the same positions (except that they are now inverted) would
reach the opposite conclusion.1 This M
= inconsistency leads us to conclude
that E and E9 will lie in theρ planeEIdefined by CD and, therefore, that
the section remains plane and passes through C. We should note,

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 ติวฟรี STATICS BY P’EUW
4.1 and
• 1. 4.2 Knowing
Knowing that thethat the couple
couple shownshown
acts inacts in a vertical
a vertical plane,plane, 20 40 20
determine
determinethe
thestress
stressatat(a)
(a)point A, (b)
point A, (b) point B.
point B.
* 20
2 in. 2 in. 2 in. M ! 15 kN · m
A
A M ! 25 kip · in.
80
B 2 in.
1.5 in.
2 in. 20
B
Fig. P4.1
Dimensions in mm
4.3 Using an allowable stress of 16 ksi, determine the largest couple Fig. P4.2
that can be applied to each pipe.
0.1 in.
4.4 A nylon spacing bar has the cross section shown. Knowing that the
allowable stress for the grade of nylon used is 24 MPa, determine 0.5 in.
the largest couple Mz that can be applied to the bar.
M1
y
(a)

0.2 in.
z C 80 mm
Mz 0.5 in.
r ! 25 mm
M2
100 mm

Fig. P4.4 (b)

Fig. P4.3
4.5 A beam of the cross section shown is extruded from an aluminum
alloy for which sY 5 250 MPa and sU 5 450 MPa. Using a factor
of safety of 3.00, determine the largest couple that can be applied
to the beam when it is bent about the z axis.

24 mm

z 80 mm
C
Mz

24 mm

16 mm
Fig. P4.5

4.6 Solve Prob. 4.5, assuming that the beam is bent about the y axis.
237

(a) -61.6 MPa. (b) 91.7 MPa.

Level of Difficulty : • simple •• general ••• challenging.

 ติวฟรี STRENGTH BY P’EUW
•• 2. A cast-iron machine part is acted upon by the 3 kN ? m couple shown.
Knowing that E = 165 GPa and neglecting the effect of fillets, determine (a) the
maximum tensile and compressive stresses in the casting, (b) the radius of
curvature of the casting.
*

σtension = 76 MPa, σcomp = -131 MPa, ρ = 47.7 m

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 A B C cross section shown. Determine the maximum tensile and com-
pressive stresses in portion BC of the beam.
ติวฟรี STRENGTH BY P’EUW
300 mm 300 mm
•• 3. Two vertical forces are applied to a beam 10 mm 10 mm
Fig. P4.9
of the cross section shown. Determine the
maximum tensile and compressive stresses in 10 kN 10 kN
portion BC of the beam. B C
* 50 mm
A D

10 mm
250 mm
50 mm 150 mm 150 mm
8 in. Fig. P4.10
1 in.

1 in. 6 in. 4.12 Knowing that a beam of the cross section shown is bent about a
horizontal axis and that the bending moment is 6 kN ? m, deter-
1 in. mine the total force acting on the top flange.
4 in.
216 mm
25 kips 25 kips y

A B C D
54 mm 36 mm

z C
60 in. 108 mm
20 in. 20 in.
Fig. P4.11
72 mm
Fig. P4.12 and P4.13

4.13 Knowing that a beam of the cross section shown is bent about a
horizontal axis and that the bending moment is 6 kN ? m, deter-
mine the total force acting on the shaded portion of the web.

σcomp = -102.4 MPa,σtension = 73.1 MPa

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 in the rod. Use E 5 200 GPa.
ติวฟรี STRENGTH BY P’EUW
•• 4. Straight rods of 6-mm diameter and 30-m length are stored by
coiling the rods inside a drum of 1.25-m inside diameter. Assuming that
the yield strength is not exceeded, determine (a) the maximum stress in
a coiled rod, (b) the corresponding bending moment in the rod. Use E =
200 GPa.

Fig. P4.193

4.194 Knowing that for the beam shown the allowable st

tension and 16 ksi in compression, determine the la
that can be applied.

4.195 In order to increase corrosion resistance, a 2-mm-th

aluminum has been added to a steel bar as shown
of elasticity is 200 GPa for steel and 70 GPa for al
bending moment of 300 N ? m, determine (a) the m
in the steel, (b) the maximum stress in the aluminum
of curvature of the bar.

M ! 300 N · m
26 mm
30 mm

46 mm
50 mm

Fig. P4.195

4.196 A single vertical force P is applied to a short steel

Gages located at A, B, and C indicate the followin
PA 5 2500 m PB 5 21000 m PC 5 220
Knowing that E 5 29 3 10 6 psi, determine (a) th
P, (b) the line of action of P, (c) the correspondin
hidden edge of the post, where x 5 22.5 in. and

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 ติวฟรี STRENGTH BY P’EUW

SUGGESTIONS
Dynamics
ถ้าเราอยู่บนรถเมย์ แล้วรถเมย์เร่งเครื่อง จะเหมือนมีแรงผลักเราไปข้างหลัง
วิชา Dynamics เรียนเกี่ยวความเร่งและแรงที่เกิดขึ้น ทั้งวิเคราะห์ความเร่ง
ระยะทาง เวลา ซึ่งความรู้เหล่านี้ ใช้วิเคราะห์การเคลื่อนที่ของรถยนต์ สเก็ตน้ำ
แข็ง หรือกระทั่งยาอวกาศ
ใน Dynamics เราจะเจอสมการที่เป็นสมการดั้งเดิมของ นิวตัน มีทั้งดิฟ
และอินทิเกรต และโจทย์ที่เป็นปัญหาของวิศวกรจริงๆ หลายข้อจะมีการคำนวณ
หลายขั้นตอน และยืดยาว ซึ่งถ้ามีประสบการร์ทำโจทย์ที่ครอบคลุม จะทำให้
แก้ปัญหาไม่ยากนัก

Review :
“สอนโอเค บรรยากาศดี พี่เขาคอยตอบตลอดครับ” “ชอบตรงเนื้อหาเรียบเรียง
ดี” “พี่อธิบายไม่เร็วไม่ช้าเกินไป” “แบบฝึกหัดเยอะดีครับ”

Mechanics of Solids
จะรู้ได้อย่างไรว่าสะพานกรุงเทพ ควรใช้สกรูกี่อัน หมุดกี่ตัว เหล็กหนา
เท่าไหร่ สื่งเหล่านี้คำนวณด้วยวิชา Mechanics of Material หรือ Mechaics
of Solids วิชานี้ใช้วิเคราะห์ความแข็งแรง และใช้ออกแบบขนาดเคเบิล ขนาด
คาน  หรือขนาดวัตถุต่างๆได้อีกด้วย
เพื่อให้ออกแบบโครงส้รางต่างๆได้ วิชา Strength ประกอบจึงด้วย ทฤษฎี และ
การคำนวณ คือถ้าเข้าใจทฤษฎีแต่คำนวณไม่ได้ โครงสร้างที่ออกแบบอาจจะ
เสียหายได้ หรือคำนวณได้แต่ไม่รู้ทฤษฎี ก็ไม่รู้จะออกแบบอย่างไร

Review :
“พี่อิ้วตอบข้อสงสัยเสมอครับ” “สรุปสูตรให้” “มีข้อสอบให้ทำเพิ่มเยอะดี”
“ชอบที่สามารถเรียนชดได้เวลาไม่ว่าง สะดวกและทำให้สามารถเข้าถึงเนื้อหา
ได้อย่างต่อเนื่อง”

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