ติวFINALฟรี

PHYSICS
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 is directed along the zero-force axis. We can field,nextthe measure
magnetic the magnitude
force acts ofin a direction
FProperties
: : of the magnetic ! ■ The magnitude B of the
Fdefine magnetic force exerted onperpendicular
the particle to bot
Sis propo
B when v is directed perpendicular to that that axis and then the magnitude
S

1
S
is, FB is perpendicular to the plane formed by v and B (Fig. 2
offorce on a charge force magnitude: tional to the charge q and to the speed v of the particle.
of thatmoving
:
B in terms

Magnetic Forces
■ When a magnetic
The force exerted
charged particle moves parallelon a positive charge is in the directio
in a magnetic field วtoฟรี the magnetic field
AX vector, th
■
Section 29.2 Motion
F of a Charged
B the direction
Particle
of the in a Uniform
magnetic
ติ
Magnetic P HYSICS
Field 2 BY P’M
813
B ! magnetic , force acting on the particleforce is zero. exerted on a negative charge
■ !q!v
When thethe same direction
particle’s (Fig.
velocity 29.3b).
vector makes any angle u ! 0 with the magnetS
S
find the magnitude of theofmag-
where q is the charge ■0 q The
the particle.FB !field, 0 vBthe magnitude
sinmagnetic
u of the
force actsmagnetic
in a directionforce perpendicular
exerted onSthe to moving partB
both v and
S S
that is, F
portional is perpendicular
to
We can summarize all these results with the following vector equation:
B sin u, to
where the u plane
is the formed
angle by
thev and B (Fig.
particle’s 29.3a).
velocity vec
S
■ Thewith magnetic force exerted on a
6 positive charge is in the direction opposit
! 11.6 "the C 2 18.0of"B.10 m>s2 10.025 T2 1sin 60° 2
10 direction
#19
FB ! qv:the direction of the magnetic force (28-2)exerted on a negative charge moving i
: :
"B ;
the same
! 2.8 " 10 N direction
#14 (Fig. 29.3b).
:
■ The
that is, the force FB on the particle is equal to the magnitude
charge q timesof thethe magnetic
cross productforce exerted on the moving particle is pro
vector product, MAGNETIC FORCES ON AN ELECTRIC CHARGE
of its velocity
evaluate v: and
thisthe fieldin
force
:
(all measured
B vector
Using Eq. 3-24 for the cross product, we can
portional
with
notation
write
intothe
the the
sinsame
using
magnitude
direction
reference
u, where
Equation
S
of Bof
:
u
. FB as
is frame).
the angle the particle’s velocity vector make
29.1.
v F
• แรงแม่เหล็กกระทำต่อประจุซึ่งเคลื่อนที่ในสนามแม่เหล็ก
 B


 F B ! !q! vB sin f, FB (28-3)

n of a Charged
! Particle
! !


F = qv × B
where f is the angle between the directions of velocity v: and magnetic field B .
: B out of page: v "
ทิศทาง:

niform Magnetic Field

B
Finding the Magnetic Force on a Particle
v FB
B

 : FB #
ur discussion,
Equation some28-3 explanation
tells us that the of the notation
magnitude of theused force inFB this
acting on a particle in
a
dicate the direction
ขนาด:

magnetic F = q vBsin θ
field
S
is proportional to the charge
of B in illustrations, we sometimes pre- "
B q and speed v of the particle.u
B
Thus,
v "

the 
 force is equal to zero if Sthe charge !is zero or if the particle is stationary. FB
such as those in Figure 29.5. If B liesและ ! in Bthe plane of the B
Equationθ28-3 = มุมระหว่างทิศทางของ
:
also tells us that thev magnitude 
 of the force is zero if v: andvB are #
a perspective
either 
 drawing,
parallel (fwe ! 0use green vectors
#) or antiparallel (f ! 180 or#),green
and thefieldforce is at its Bmaximum
:
In nonperspective
when 
 v:
and illustrations, we depict a magnetic field
B are perpendicular to each other. "
(a)u (b)
direction of FB. From S (a) FB
:
directed out
 of Directions.
the page Equation
with a28-2seriestellsof us green
all this dots, plus the which
:
Module 3-3, we know that the cross product
สมบัติของแรงแม่เหล็ก

Figure 29.3 v " BThe
:
in Eq. 28-2 is
direction of athe
vector thatforce
v magnetic is FB acting on a charged particle moving w
rrows
S
coming toward you (see Fig. 29.6a). : v in In
S
the : this case, the
presence
perpendicular to the two vectors v and B. The right-hand rule S(Figs. 28-2a B into page: of a magnetic field
S
B . (a) The magnetic force is perpendicular to both
S
v a
f B is directed 1. แรงแม่เหล็กมีทิศตั้งฉากกับความเร็วและตั้งฉากกับสนามแม่เหล็ก

perpendicularly intothumb
the page, positely we use
directed green
magnetic (a) forces FB are exerted on two oppositely (b) charged particles movin
through c) tells us that the of the right hand points in the direction
:แรงแม่เหล็กที่กระทำต่อประจุบวกและประจุลบ
2. : velocity in a magnetic field. The dashed lines
: มีทิศทางตรงข้ามกัน
 "S " show"the"paths
" " of the
" particles, which are inv
nt the feathered
of v " B tails when ofthe arrows fired
fingers sweep away
into
v Figure
:
B .from
Section
29.3 If 29.2.
qThe you,
is positive,as
direction ofin
then
the (by Eq. 28-2)
magnetic force Fthe acting on a charged particle moving with a veloci
force 3. แรงแม่เหล็กไม่เกิดงานในขณะที่ประจุมีการเคลื่อนที่
: S
FB has theBsame sign asthe
:
and
v: " subscript
BSv in thethus must ทำให้อัตราเร็วและพลังงานจลน์ของประจุไม่เปลี่ยนแปลง

be in the field
same B.direction;
S B
"that " force
" "is perpendicular
" " " to both Sv and BS . (b) O
ase, the field is labeled in
: , where presence “in” of indicates
a magnetic S
(a) The magnetic
is,
 for positive q, FB is directed along positely directed(Fig.
the thumb magnetic forces
28-2d). FBis
If q are exerted on
negative, " two
then "oppositely
" " " charged
" " particles moving at the sam
same notation with crosses and dots isvelocity
การหาทิศทางของแรงแม่เหล็ก ใช้กฎมือขวา
also in used
(4 a magnetic
นิ้ว
forfield.
other
ชี้ไปตามความเร็ว The dashed lines show the paths of the particles, which are investigated in
แล้วกำไปหาสนามแม่เหล็ก)
Section 29.2. " " " " " " "
be perpendicular to the page such as forces and current
" " " " " " "
Force on positive Force on negative
" " " " " " "
found that the magnetic Cross v force
into B toacting
get the onnew a charged
vector v ! B . particle particle particle
field is perpendicular to the particle’s velocity and conse- (b)
by the magnetic force on the particle is zero. Now consider Figure 29.6 (a) Magnetic field lines
ositively charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field coming out of the paper are indi-
v !B v !B v !B
ty vector of the particle perpendicular to the field. Let’s cated by dots, representing the tips of
v arrows coming outward. (b) Magnetic
on of the magnetic field is into the page as in Active Figure field
FB
lines going into the Bpaper are
B B B B FB
hanges the direction of its velocity in response to the mag- indicated by crosses, representing the
tic force remains (a) perpendicular to(b)the velocity. As we (c) found feathers(d ) of arrows going inward.
(e )
orce is always
Figure perpendicular to the
28-2 (a)–(c) The right-hand rulevelocity,
(in which vthe
:
:
path
is swept intoof
:
the the smaller an-
B through
การเคลื่อนที่ของประจุในสนามแม่เหล็กสม่ำเสมอ
tive Figure 29.7 shows the particle
gle between them) gives the moving
direction of v B in a circle in the
as

 the direction of a thumb. (d) If q is
:
• f "
: : :
positive,

 then the direction of F ! qv " B is in
:
the direction of v " B. (e) If q is negative,
:
B
o the magnetic
then thefield. :
B
direction of FB is opposite that S of v " B.
: : " " " " in "
n a circle because the magnetic forcemv 2 perpendicular to S
FB is v
ant magnitude qvB. As Active qvB Figure = 29.7 illustrates, the rota- q $
v

e for a positive charge in a magnetic rfield directed into the " FB " r " "
ive, the rotation would be clockwise. We use the particle
FB
el to write Newton’s second law for the particle:
mv 2π m
a
v " $

r =
F ! FB ! ma T= q
qB qB FB
oves in a circle, we also model it as a particle in uniform cir- " " " "
(รัศมีวงกลม) (คาบ) v
eplace the acceleration with centripetal acceleration: $

q
mv 2 " " " "
FB ! qvB !
r ACTIVE FIGURE 29.7
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When the velocity of a charged parti-
o the following equation for the radius of the circular path: cle is perpendicular to a uniform
 Figure Figure
P29.2 Figure
P29.2 P29.2
Determine Dete
3. Find3.the Find 3.the
direction
Find direction
the
of the direction
of
magnetic
the of magnetic
the
fieldmagnetic
acting
field acting
on fielda acting
on a on a
12. Review.12. RevA1c
positivelypositively
charged
positively
charged
particlecharged
particle
moving particle
moving
in themovingin
various
the in various
ติsitu-
the
วฟรี various
situ-
PHYSICS 2 BY P’MAXsitu-
speed of spee
1.
ations ations
shown ations shown
in Figure shown
in Figure
P29.3in Figure
ifP29.3
the direction
if
P29.3
1. จากรูปอนุภาคที่มีประจุบวกกำลังเคลื่อนที่และได้รับแรงกระทำจากสนามแม่เหล็กthe direction
if the
of the direction
of the of the
จงหาทิศทางของแรงแม่เหล็กที่สอดคล้อง
field offield
m
magnetic magnetic
force magnetic
acting
force on acting
force
it is acting
on
as indicated.
it is on
กับทิศทางของความเร็วและแรงแม่เหล็กที่เกิดขึ้นในแต่ละข้อต่อไปนี้ as indicated.
it is as indicated.
diculardicuto
(1)
S S S
(2)
S S S
(3)
turnedturn off
FB FB FB FB FB F
S B S S interval, inte
th
FB FB FB
of the of part
S S S
v (in) v (in) v (in) particlepart mo
paths. A photographic plate (or a modern detector) re
perpendicuperp
S Sarrival. S Show
S
v (out) that,
S
v (out) forS
v the
(out) ions, q/m ! E/rBB", where r
v v v particle. part
a a
of the circularborbit.cb
a b c c
SSM In Fig. 28-54, an electron moves
77 Figure Section
atSection
29.2
speedMS
Figure
P29.3 Figure
P29.3 P29.3
along an x axis through uniform electricMagnetic Magneti
FieldM
and magnet
:
4. Consider
4. Consider
4. Consider
an electron
an electron
magnetic near
an electron
field the
Bnear
is Earth’s
the
nearEarth’s
directed equator.
the
intoEarth’s
equator.
the In
pageequator.
In An
13.
and hasInmagn
13. An1e
electro
which which
direction
which
direction
doesdirection
itdoes
tenditto
does
tend
deflect
ittotend
deflect
if its
to velocity
deflect
if its velocity
if its velocity
a uniform
a un
In unit-vector notation, what is the electric field?
is (a) directed
is (a) directed
is (a)downward?
directed
downward?(b)
downward?
Directed
(b) Directed
(b)
northward?
Directed
northward?
northward?
If the spee
If th
(c) Directed (c) Directed
westward?
(c) Directed
westward?
(d)westward?
Directed
(d) Directed
southeastward?
(d) Directed
southeastward?
southeastward? mine (a) mint
2. จากรูป อิเล็กตรอนเคลื่อนที่ด้วยอัตราเร็ว v = 100 m/s ตาม
y time interv
time
แกน A
5. x ผ่านสนามไฟฟ้าและสนามแม่เหล็กสม่ำเสมอ
! 5. A proton
proton 5. projected
is A protonis projectedis โดยสนาม
into projected
a into
magnetic
a into
magnetic
field
a magnetic
that
fieldis that
fieldis that is
แม่เหล็ก B มีขนาด 5.00 T ทิศพุ่งเข้าตั้งฉากกับหน้ากระดาษ
directed directed
along(ตอบในรูปเวกเตอร์หนึ่งหน่วย)
directed
the
alongpositive
the
alongpositive
x the
axis.positive
Find
x axis.theFind
x axis. B Find
direction
the direction
of 14.
of An14.
the direction of An1a
acceler
จงหาสนามไฟฟ้าในบริเวณนี้
the magnetic the magnetic
the
force magnetic
exerted
force exerted
force
on the exerted
on
proton
the on
proton
forthe
each
proton
for
v ofeach Q/C
forofeach Q/C
electron Q
of elec
gu
the followingthe following
the
directions
following
directions
of the
directions
proton’s
of the proton’s
ofvelocity:
the proton’s
velocity:
(a) thevelocity:
(a) the (a)x the trav
traveling h
positivepositive
y direction,
positive
y direction,
(b) y direction,
the(b)negative
the(b)
negative
ythe
direction,
negative
y direction,
(c)yProblem
direction,
the (c) the ter the
(c) of ater
vieo
Fig. 28-54 77.
positive
กำหนดให้ positive
x direction.
อิเล็กตรอนมีมวล positive
9.11 x ×direction.
x direction.
10-31 kg, ประจุ −1.60 × 10-19 C magnitudemag
✏ Note…



 78 (a) In Fig. 28-8, show îthat the ratio
× ĵ = ............
of the Hall elect
ĵ × î = ............


nitude E to the magnitudeĵ × k̂ E C of the
= ............ k̂ × electric
ĵ = ............ field res
moving charge (the current)
k̂ × îalong
= ............theî length of the strip
× k̂ = ............

E B
! ,
EC ne'

where r is the resistivity of the material and n is the n

sity of the charge carriers. (b) Compute this ratio num
Problem 13. (See Table 26-1.)
79 SSM A proton, a deuteron (q ! $e, m ! 2.0 u), a
particle (q ! $2e, m ! 4.0 u) are accelerated throug
potential difference and then enter the same region
: :
magnetic field B , moving perpendicular to B . What is
(a) the proton’s kinetic energy
- 3! -
Kp to the alpha particle
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ergy Ka and (b) the deuteron’s kinetic energy Kd to K
 3 2 1
(c) B2 . B1 . B3
24-57 Question 9.
(d) B2 . B3 . B1
(e) B1 . B3 . B2
What would your answer be to question 9 if there was an ติวฟรี PHYSICS 2 BY P’MAX
(f ) B1 . B2 . B3
ectron instead of a proton between the magnets?
3. ไอออนที่มีประจุลบเคลื่อนที่ด้วยอัตราเร็ว
An electric current in a long vertical straight wirev isเข้าไปใน Region 1 Region 2 Region 3
บริเวณที่มีสนามแม่เหล็กสม่ำเสมอแต่มีขนาดแตกต่างกัน
owing straight up (Figure 24-58). What is the direction
ในแต่ละบริเวณ
f the magnetic field at pointสนามแม่เหล็กในทุกบริเวณมีทิศตั้งฉากกับ
P? y
ระนาบของกระดาษ
a) up (vertically) ตัวเลือกใดเรียงลำดับขนาดของสนาม !
แม่เหล็กในบริเวณทั้งสามนี้ได้ถูกต้อง
b) down (vertically) q
c) into the page R3
R1
d) out of the page (1) B3 > B1 > B2
e) to the right (horizontally) R2
(2) B3 > B2 > B1
) to the left (horizontally)

(3) B2 > B1 > B3

(4) B2 > B3 > B1
Figure 24-60 Question 13.
(5) B1 > B3 > B2
14. What is true about the directions of the magnetic fields
I(6) B1 > B2 P
> B3
in question 13?

24-58 Question 11.
wo long parallel vertical wires carry electric currents of I
nd 3I in the same direction, as shown in Figure 24-59. The
ires are separated by a distance d. At what point will the
et magnetic field created by these wires equal zero?
a) between the wires, a distance d/3 from the wire car-
rying current I and 2d/3 from the wire carrying cur-
rent 3I
b) between the wires, a distance 2d/3 from the wire
carrying current I and d/3 from the wire carrying
current 3I
c) outside the wire carrying current I, a distance d/3 from
this wire and 4d/3 from the wire carrying current 3I
d) between the wires, a distance d/4 from the wire car-
rying current I and 3d/4 from the wire carrying cur-
rent 3I
ELECTRICITY,
> >
(a) Magnetic fields B 1 and B 3 are into the page, and
>
magnetic field B 2 is out of the page.
> >
(b) Magnetic fields B 1 and B 3 are out of the page, and
>
magnetic field B 2 is into the page.
(c) All of the magnetic fields are directed into the page.
(d) All of the magnetic fields are directed out of the page.
(e) There is not enough information to determine the
directions.
15. An electron is moving inside the cathode ray tube shown in
Figure 24-13. What happens to the deflection of an electron
when the magnetic field decreases by a factor of 2?
(a) The deflection remains the same.
(b) The deflection decreases by a factor of 2.
(c) The deflection decreases but not by a factor of 2.
(d) The deflection increases by a factor of 2.
(e) The deflection increases but not by a factor of 2.
16. Rank the magnitudes of the magnetic fields produced at
the centres of curvature (points O) of the wires shown in
Figure 24-61 from highest to lowest. All the wires carry
an identical electric current. The radii of the circular seg-
ments are shown in the figure.

CHAPTER 24 | MAGNETIC FIELDS AND MAGNETIC FORCES 881

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 j d a g
ติวฟรี PHYSICS 2 BY P’MAX
!
Fig. 28-29
4. จากรูป Question 10.
อนุภาคมีประจุไฟฟ้าเคลื่อนที่เข้าไปในสนามแม่เหล็กสม่ำเสมอ B ด้วยอัตราเร็ว v0 เคลื่อนที่เป็นเส้นทางรูปครึ่ง
วงกลมภายในเวลา T0 แล้วออกมาจากสนามแม่เหล็ก จงเลือกคำตอบที่ถูกต้องสำหรับคำถามต่อไปนี้

8-30, a charged parti-

niform magnetic field
v0, moves through a B
time T0, and then
ld. (a) Is the charge
gative? (b) Is the final
particle greater than,
qual to (1)v0อนุภาคนี้มีประจุ
? (c) If (บวก the/ ลบ) Fig. 28-30 Question 11.
ad been 0.5v0, would
:
in field B have been greater than, less than, or equal
uld the path have been a half-circle, more than a half-
han a half-circle?
(2) อัตราเร็วปลายขณะที่อนุภาคออกจากสนามแม่เหล็ก (มากกว่า / น้อยกว่า / เท่ากับ) v 0

(3) ถ้าอนุภาคมีอัตราเร็วต้น 0.5v0 จะใช้เวลาเคลื่อนที่ในสนามแม่เหล็ก (มากกว่า / น้อยกว่า / เท่ากับ) T0

on is at
(4)http://www.wiley.com/college/halliday
ถ้าอนุภาคมีอัตราเร็วต้น 0.5v0 เส้นทางการเคลื่อนที่จะเป็นรูป (ครึ่งวงกลม / ส่วนโค้งใหญ่กว่าครึ่งวงกลม / ส่วนโค้ง
on is at น้อยกว่าครึ่งวงกลม)

:
ration of the particle due to FB? (c) Does the speed
(5) ถ้าอนุภาคมีอัตราเร็วต้น 0.5v รัศมีการเคลื่อนที่จะ (ใหญ่ขึ้น / เล็กลง / เท่าเดิม)
increase, decrease, or remain the same? 0

ron moves through a uniform magnetic field given by

0Bx)ĵ. At a particular instant, the electron has veloc-
# 4.0 ĵ) m/s and the magnetic force acting on it is
N)k̂. Find Bx.
roton moves through a uniform magnetic field
(10î ! 20ĵ # 30k̂) mT. At time t1, the proton has a
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v $ vxî # vyĵ # (2.0 km/s)k̂ and- 5! -the magnetic
: !17 !17
 tion will it be deflected? ⦁
46. Figure P27.46 shows the semicircular path through which
charged particles travel in the magnetic field of a mass

PRACTICE
ติวฟรี PHYSICS 2 BY P’MAX
Figure P27.46
5. จากรูปแสดงเส้นทางการเคลื่อนที่ของอนุภาคที่มีประจุในสนามแม่เหล็ก 1 2
ของ mass spectrometer ถ้าอนุภาคนี้คือไอออนของออกซิเจน (O2−) ซึ่ง E S

มีประจุ −2e และสนามแม่เหล็กมีขนาด 0.20 T จงคำนวณเวลาที่ไอออน B into page

ของออกซิเจนนี้เคลื่อนที่เป็นครึ่งวงกลมในสนามแม่เหล็ก (กำหนดให้ O2− ion
มีมวล 2.6 × 10−26 kg และ e = 1.6 × 10−19 C)

trajectory
d = 0.20 m of ion

detector

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 iL lying on a frictionless table (see the drawing).
A B
! vdB sin 90# 2.00 m
vd before
tion 10 starting Each end of the rod is attached to a fixed Problem 37
there is located at the wire by an unstretched spring that has a ติวฟรี PHYSICS 2 BY P’MAX
! iLB.
n addition, suppose that spring constant (28-25)
of k $ 75 N/m. A magnetic field with a strength of 0.16 T
d has
tic force
MAGNETIC FORCE ON A CURRENT-CARRYING WIRE
a magnitude
that actsofon athe
is oriented perpendicular to the surface of the table. (a) What must be
length L of straight
direction
: of the current in the copper The rod that causes the springs to
ojected is the same for force is perpendicular
in a uniform
nd the speed.
magnetic field
stretch? B that
(b) If is
the per-
• แรงแม่เหล็กกระทำต่อเส้นลวดตรงซึ่งมีกระแสไหลในสนามแม่เหล็ก

current is 12 A, by how much does each spring

 stretch? to both the field and the length.

 ! ! !
ndicular toทิศทาง:

the wire,
FB =asILin× Fig.
B 28-16, the Table
Magnetic Field FB
on of Eq. 28-25:

 ! (top view)
as a vertical component
โดย L ถูกกำหนดให้มีทิศเดียวกับกระแสที่ไหลในเส้นลวด


 B
cular to the ground) and
(force on a current)

 . (28-26) Fixed wires φθ
oints toward geographic Ii
gnitude and direction ofFB = ILBsin θ
ขนาด:


 L
gnitude
that carriesLa and is directed along
current ! the! wire
θ =ofมุมระหว่างทิศทางของ L และ B 

B (out of paper)
tional) current.

 The force magnitude FB is
Copper rod
การหาทิศทางของแรงแม่เหล็ก
rizontally between two ใช้กฎมือขวา (4 นิ้ว ชี้ไปตามกระแส แล้วกำไปหาสนามแม่เหล็ก)

Figure 28-16 A wire carrying current i makes
LB sin f, 

5 A and experiences a (28-27) an angle f with magnetic field
:
B . The wire


of the earth’s : magnetic: : has length L in the field and length vector
ctions of 6.L
ield makes anจากรูปandแสดงแท่งตัวนำตรงยาว
angle of . The direction
B of F B is :
* 39. ssm 0.45
mmh m มีมวล
The 0.094 L (in
kg ซึ่งวางอยู่บน
drawing shows a the direction of the current). A mag-
e we take current i tothin, be auniform
positive
ระนาบกระดาษและยึดไว้กับพื้นด้วยบานพับที่จุด quan-
P ในบริเวณนี้มีสนามแม่
rod that has a length netic
B (into
:page) : :
of force FB ! iL " B acts on the wire.
lways เหล็กสม่ำเสมอขนาด to
perpendicular T พุ่งเข้าตั้งฉากกับกระดาษ
0.36the ถ้ากระแสที่ไหล
nces a force of 0.030 N 0.45 m plane
and a mass defined
of 0.094 kg. This
ในแท่งตัวนำ I = 4.1 A ไม่ทำให้แท่งตัวนำเกิดการหมุน จงหามุม θ
28-16.
t in the wire is changed, rod lies in the plane of the paper and
(ให้แรงแม่เหล็กกระทำที่จุดศูนย์กลางมวลของแท่งตัวนำ)
result. What is the
q. 28-2 in that either can new be taken
is attached to the as
floortheby a hinge at
:
e define B from Eq.point 28-26 P. Abecause
uniform magnetic
it is field of I
g a current of 7.5 A, is 0.36 T is directed perpendicularly
orce acting on
n the wire is horizontal,
a wire than that
into the plane onofa the
single
paper. There is
P θ

e is tilted upward at an a current I $ 4.1 A in the rod, which

aight
.4 ! 10#3 orN.the field is not
Determine doesuniform,
not rotate we can or counterclockwise. Find the angle ".
clockwise
straight segments and(Hint: apply TheEq. magnetic
28-26forceto may be taken to act at the center of gravity.)
a whole is then the vector sum of all the
n the differential limit, we can write
: :
dL " B, (28-28)

n any given arrangement of currents by

ment.
hat there is no such thing as an isolated
dL. There must always be a way to intro-
e end and take it out at the other end.

e in a uni-
etic force i
so that the x
field? - 7! - facebook.com/be-engineer2012
 bservations
he applied the magnetic force from the Earth’s magnetic field is
ction plates upward. Due to this force, the wire is levitated immedi-
ately above the ground. ติวฟรี PHYSICS 2 BY P’MAX
n combina-
7. แท่งตัวนำมวล 0.720 kg มีรัศมี 6.00 cm วางนิ่งอยู่บนรางคู่ขนานซึ่งมี d = 12.0 cm และยาว L = 45.0 cm แท่ง
served that
37. Review.
ตัวนำมีกระแสไฟฟ้า I = 48.0 A Arod of massและกลิ้งไปตามรางโดยไม่มีการไถล
ไหลในทิศดังรูป 0.720 kg and radiusโดยมีสนามแม่เหล็กสม่ำเสมอ
6.00 cm
single small ทิศทางตั้งฉากกับแท่งตัวนำและรางคู่ ถ้าเริ่มกลิ้งจากหยุดนิ่ง จงหาอัตราเร็วของแท่งตัวนำนี้ในขณะที่หลุดจากรางคู่
0.240 TAMT
rests on two parallel rails (Fig. P29.37) that are d 5
on is impor-กำหนดให้ โมเมนต์ความเฉื่อยของทรงกระบอกตันมวล m รัศมี R รอบแกนกลางเป็น (1 2 ) mR
2
W 12.0 cm apart and L 5 45.0 cm long. The rod carries a
charge-to-
mpared with
zed atom or
omparison?
of the beam
ue for your d
I
S
atch on the B
ce between
more. L

e television Figure P29.37 Problems 37 and 38.

an electric

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 hree charged particles initially have identical masses, charges, is made to carry a current I, suddenly the rod moves upward
nd speeds and are traveling perpendicular to the same mag- until the ropes holding it make an angle of 5.0° with the hori-
etic field. Because they are all in the same magnetic field and zontal. What was the value of I? ⦁⦁⦁
ave identical masses and charges, all particles have the same Figure P27.70
ติวฟรี PHYSICS 2 BY P’MAX
itial cyclotron frequency and revolve with the same period T.
8. จากรูปแท่งโลหะยาว 1.0 m มีมวล 0.350 kg อยู่ใน
he speed of particle 1 is doubled; particle 2 enters a region
แนวระดับ ปลายทั้งสองด้านติดกับเชือกที่เอียงทำมุม
which the magnetic field has been reduced by a factor of 2; 30° 0.350 kg 30°
30º กับแนวระดับ
nd particle 3 collides เชือกทั้งสองฝั่งพันรอบรอกเบาและที่
with and sticks to a neutral particle of
ปลายเชือกมีมวล m แขวนอยู่
he same mass, causing a change in speed. Determine ถ้าในบริเวณนี้มีสนาม
the new
แม่เหล็กขนาด ขนานกับระนาบ
eriod of each particle in terms of the initial period T. xy
0.25 T ⦁ ทำมุม 45º
กับแนวของแท่งโลหะ
t the equator, the แล้วให้กระแส
direction of Earth’s magnetic fieldI ผ่านแท่งโลหะ
is hori- m m
ontal and to the north, and the magnitude is 3.5 × 10-5 T.
พบว่าแท่งโลหะเคลื่อนที่ขึ้นไปจนกระทั่งเชือกทั้งสองฝั่ง
a) What is the เอียงทำมุม
magnetic flux
5.0º through a circular
กับแนวระดับ loop ofI ra-
จงหาค่าของ
us 0.10 m, lying flat on the ground at the equator? The loop
now balanced on its edge and the axis that runs perpendic-
ar to the plane of the loop is pointed in different directions. B
z y
What is the magnetic flux through the loop when this axis is
ointed (b) northwest, (c) due north, and (d) west? ⦁ 45°
When a wire 2.0 m long carries a 10-A current in the +x direc- x
B = 0.25 T
on in a uniform external magnetic field, the magnetic force
xerted by the field on the wire is 3 N in the +y direction. 71. A wire bent into a semicircle of radius R lies in a Splane that is
When the wire is rotated until the charge carriers travel in the perpendicular to a uniform external magnetic field B. If the wire
+y direction, the magnitude of the magnetic force exerted by carries a current I, what are the magnitude and direction of the
he field on the wire is 5 N. What are the magnitude and di- magnetic force exerted by the external field on the wire? ⦁⦁⦁
ction of the magnetic field? ⦁⦁ 72. You are working with the square wire loop shown in
lood contains both positive and negative ions. In a certain Figure P27.72. The loop lies in a magnetic field, is connected
atient being tested, the speed of these ions in a large artery to a battery, and is attached to an axis that runs through its
measured at 0.60 m>s. The patient is placed in a uniform center and is parallel to the plane of the loop. Initially the
agnetic field of magnitude 0.20 T. If a potential difference loop is held in place, but once it is released, it immediately ro-
1.0 × 10-3 V is measured across the diameter of the artery, tates 180° about this axis. You know that magnetic fields can
hat is that diameter? ⦁⦁ induce a torque on a current-carrying wire, but you are sur-
lectrons enter a region of perpendicular electric and mag- prised by the rotation of exactly 180°. In an attempt to explain
etic fields (similar to Principles Example 27.5). The region why this happened, you determine the direction of the cur-
ccupied by the fields is 40.0 mm long in the x direction, rent in the loop and the direction of the magnetic field in the
here x is taken to be the original direction of motion. After region of the loop. You begin to wonder if multiple answers
assing through this region, the electrons then travel an ad- might be possible and if there is any way to keep the loop ro-
tional 300 mm in the x direction before hitting a phospho- tating in the same direction. ⦁⦁⦁ CR
scent screen that lights up where the electrons strike it. The


ectrons pass undeflected through the region of perpendicu- Figure P27.72
r fields when E = 2.0 × 103 N>C and B = 1.2 × 10-5 T.
wires to rotation
a) Determine the speed of the undeflected electrons. (b) If battery axis
he magnetic field is turned off but the electric field is left on,
y what distance have the electrons been deflected when they
ach the phosphorescent screen? ⦁⦁

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 tinuo

infini
W

up th
ment

show
Amp

cond

lengt
CHAPTER 28  MAGNETIC FIELDS OF C

metr
situa

trary
little

proc
Magnetic Fields

we o
mag
28.
Due to Currents 2
ติวฟรี PHYSICS 2 BY P’MAX

s can be found by

through the wire, andSnrsP, which points from the

law. As
due to an arbitrarily shaped current-carrying
Figure 28.32 The magnetic field at point P

(a) Arbitrarily shaped current-carrying wire

length d/ and direction given by the current
taking the vector product of d/ , which has

P
THE BIOT-SAVART LAW wire cannot be obtained from Ampère’s
shown in (c), the direction of dB
S

segment to point P: d/sP × nrsP.



µ0 I d~s ⇥ r̂ I

 d~B =

 4p r2

S


Z
~B = µ0


หรือ

I d~s ⇥ r̂

I
10 3:17 PM


Page 941
4p r2

 28.6 Ampere’s Law 937


!
I d s เรียกว่า “ชิ้นกระแส (current element)” ทำหน้าที่เป็นแหล่งกำเนิดสนามแม่เหล็ก
770

#
C
S S
r̂ คือเวกเตอร์หนึ่งหน่วย ที่ชี้จากชิ้นกระแสไปยังจุดที่ต้องการหาสนามแม่เหล็ก

B d l = m0 I (28.19)


This result doesn’tpermeability
depend on theofshape of the pathµor0 on
free space π ×
= 4the position of the wire
10−7 T⋅m/A
inside it. If the current in the wire is opposite to that shown, the integral has the
!
dB )
trip around the integration path is zero; A du is zero
opposite sign. But if the path doesn’t enclose thecurrent
การหาทิศทางของสนามแม่เหล็กที่เกิดจาก wire (Fig. 28.17b),
element then the net
ใช้กฎมือขวา (4 นิ้วชี้ไปตาม d s แล้วกำไปหา r̂ นิ้วโป้ง
! 28.6 Ampere’s Law 941
change inบอกทิศของ
u during the
instead of 2p and the line integral is zero.
S
he B field of that wire is zero, because the angle u for that wire 28.18 28.18 Ampere’s law.
Ampere’s Law: General Statement Ampere’s law.
AMPERE’S LAW
a net change of zero rather than 2p during the integration. Any
Equation (28.19) is almost, but not quite, the general statement of Ampere’s law. Perspective view
Perspective view
nt that are not enclosed
To generalize by a particular
it even further, path long,
suppose several may straight
still contribute
conductors pass
the I
S
B atthrough
every the
point, butbounded of their fields I2
line
by integrals totalaround the S I2

 surface the integration path. The magnetic field B at
any point 
 on the path is the vector sum of the0fields ~B · d~s = µ I
Senc
produced by the individual I I1 I3 I3
1
conductors. Thus the line integral of the total
replace I in
 Eq. (28.19) with Iencl, the algebraic sum0 of the cur- B equals m times the algebraic
sum ofbythe
linked 
 currents.
the integrationIn calculating this the
path, with sum,sum we use the signby
evaluated ruleusing
for currents
described Iabove. If the integration path does
enc คือผลรวมของกระแสทั้งผ่านที่ผ่านเส้นทางปิด
not enclose
(Ampèrian loop) wire, the
a particular S
described (Fig.
line integral of 28.18).
the
S
B fieldOur
of statement
that wire is of Ampere’s
zero, because thelaw
angleis uthen
for that wire !S dl มือขวา

 ddls Curl the fingers of
sweeps through การแทนค่า a netIchange of zero rather than 2p during the integration. Any

to Cthe
enc 
 Curlyour the right handofaround
#
conductors
S S present that are not enclosed by a particular path may still contribute
B value
dl 5 1. เมื่อกำหนดทิศทางการวนของ
of m B 0atIencl
S
(Ampere’s
every point,
Ampèrian loop ให้กำมือขวาแล้วใช้
law)
but the line integrals of their fields(28.20)around the
S the
Arbitrary closed การอินทิเกรต
fingers
ใช้นิ้วทั้งสี่วนตามเส้นทางที่ใช้ใน

integration path:
Byour rightนิ้วโป้งมือขวาจะบอก
hand around
Your thumb points
นิ้วทั้งสี่วนไปตามทิศทางนั้น นิ้วโป้งมือขวาจะบอกทิศของกระแสที่เป็น + Ampèrian loop curve around S
ทิศของกระแสที่เป็นบวก
the integration path:
path are zero. Arbitraryconductors
closed B in the direction of
(กระแสใดมีทิศตามนิ้วโป้งมีค่าเป็น +, ทิศตรงข้ามนิ้วโป้งมีค่าเป็น –) 
 curve around Your thumb points
positive current.
erivedThus we can replace
Ampere’s law only I infor
Eq.the
(28.19)
2. แทนค่าเฉพาะกระแสที่ถูกล้อมอยู่ใน
with case
special Iencl , the
Ampèrian
algebraic
of the
loopfield
sumsev-
of
เท่านั้น
of the cur-
Top view in the direction of
rents enclosed or linked by the integration path, with the sum evaluatedconductors by
t, parallel conductors, Eq. (28.20) is in fact valid for
using the sign rule just described (Fig. 28.18). Our statement of Ampere’s law
conductors positive current.
Plane of
shape. Top view
is thenThe general derivation is no different in principle from I2 curve
esented, but the geometry is more complicated. S Plane of
0, it does not necessarily S mean
#
that B 5 0 everywhere along the
C an area bounded by the path is zero. In
S Iencl 5 I1 2 I2 1 I3
B d l = m0 Iencl (Ampere’s law) (28.20) I2 curve
he total current through I1
I3
d 28.17b, the integration paths enclose no current at all; in Iencl5 I1 2 I2 1I3
While we have derived Ampere’s law only for the special case of the field of sev-
areeral
positive and negative currents of equal magnitude through
long, straight, parallel conductors, Eq. (28.20) is in fact valid for conductors I1 S
dl
d byand
thepaths
path.ofIn
anyboth cases,
shape. 0 and theisline
Iencl 5 derivation
The general integralinisprinciple
no different zero. from I3 !
ds
If A B ofd lelectric
#
what we have presented, but the geometry is more complicated.
e integrals S S
andSnot
= 0, it does magnetic fields
necessarily meanInthat
Chapter
B ! 023
S
we saw along
everywhere S
B
al of
thethe electrostatic total E
only that thefield around any closed
an area path is equal
by thetopathzero; S
path, current
S through
S bounded is zero. In Ampere’s dl law: If we calculate the line integral
that the28.16c
Figs. electrostatic force
and 28.17b, the F 5 qE onpaths
integration a point charge
enclose q is at
no current conserva-
- 10all;
! - in Fig. 28.19 facebook.com/be-engineer2012
of the magnetic field around a closed curve, the
doesthere
zero are
work on a charge
positive that moves
and negative around
currents a closed
of equal path
magnitude that returns
through the area result equals m0 times the total enclosed current:
enclosed
t. You mightbythink
the path. In both
that the valuecases, I line
of the
S
0 and therline
= integral
S
B dintegral is zero.
l is similarly # rB # dl 5 m0SIencl.
S S
(iii) dBx 6 0, dBy 7 0, dBz = 0; (iv) dBx 6 0,
ese. (b) What are the signs of the components of the S S
ck Quiz
S
30.4 Rank the magnitudes
ent d l on the negative z-axis (at the right-hand side of ! B ! d s forติวฟรีthe
PHYSICSclosed
2 BY P’MAX paths
I
ugh
0, dBzd=in 9. Figure
0; (ii) dBx 730.12
0, dBy from
6 0, dB
จงเรียงลำดับขนาดของอินทิกรัล ~Bleast
z· d~ 0; to greatest.
=s สำหรับวงปิด a, b, c และ d จากน้อยไปมาก
(iv) dBx 6 0, dBy 6 0, dBz = 0; (v) none of <latexit sha1_base64="C3uayv9cu74CP99O4bEdGzfMhek=">AAACGXicbVC7TsMwFHV4lvIKsMFiUSF1qhIWGCtYGItEH1JTVY7jtlYdO7JvKqooEv/Bzgq/wIZYmfgDPgP3MdCWI1k6Puc+7BMmghvwvG9nbX1jc2u7sFPc3ds/OHSPjhtGpZqyOlVC6VZIDBNcsjpwEKyVaEbiULBmOLyd+M0R04Yr+QDjhHVi0pe8xykBK3Xd00BxCcGI0ewmD2ikAEfTm8m7bsmreFPgVeLPSQnNUeu6P0GkaBozCVQQY9q+l0AnIxo4FSwvBqlhCaFD0mdtSyWJmelk0z/k+MIqEe4pbY8EPFX/dmQkNmYch7YyJjAwy95E/M9rp9C77mRcJikwSWeLeqnAoPAkEBxxzSiIsSWEam7fiumAaELBxrawZTI7gfgxL9po/OUgVknjsuJ7Ff/eK1XL85AK6AydozLy0RWqojtUQ3VE0RN6Qa/ozXl23p0P53NWuubMe07QApyvXyFHoXg=</latexit>
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sha1_base64="CBGbTpAm4Sz3KQ2QjAZPZPBHAzU=">AAACGXicbVC7TsMwFHV4U14BNlgsClKnKmGBsYKFESRakJqqchyntXDsyL6pqKJI/Ac7K/wCG7B24g/4DJyWAVqOZOn4nPuwT5gKbsDzPp25+YXFpeWV1cra+sbmlru90zIq05Q1qRJK34bEMMElawIHwW5TzUgSCnYT3p2X/s2AacOVvIZhyjoJ6Ukec0rASl13L1BcQjBgND8rAhopwNH4ZoquW/Xq3hh4lvg/pNo4fNf9Uc2/7LpfQaRoljAJVBBj2r6XQicnGjgVrKgEmWEpoXekx9qWSpIw08nHfyjwkVUiHCttjwQ8Vn935CQxZpiEtjIh0DfTXin+57UziE87OZdpBkzSyaI4ExgULgPBEdeMghhaQqjm9q2Y9okmFGxsf7aUs1NI7ouKjcafDmKWtI7rvlf3r2xGNTTBCtpHB6iGfHSCGugCXaImougBPaFn9OI8Oq/Om/MxKZ1zfnp20R84o2+2J6Sr</latexit>

a Figure❙ 30.12 (Quick Quiz 30.4)

Several closed paths near a single
b current-carrying wire.
aw c 28.16 Three Sintegration paths for the
d line integral of B in the vicinity of a long,
magnetic field due to a current have involved find- straight conductor carrying current I out of
due to a current element and then summing all the the plane of the page (as indicated by the
his approach is directly analogous to our electric- circle with a dot). The conductor is seen
end-on.
1.
em we found that in situations with a highly S
sym- (a) Integration path is a circle centered on the
was often easier to use Gauss’s law to find E. There conductor; integration goes around the circle
counterclockwise.
s to more easily find the magnetic fields caused by
tributions. But the law that allows us to do this, Result:
S
rB # S
dl 5 m0I
different in character from Gauss’s law. S
APPLICATIONS S OF
ds involves the flux of E through a closed surface;
AMPERE’S LAW B
!
l to the total

 charge Ienclosed within the surface, dsS
dl
us this
eld law
Created 
 relates Long~B ·fields
by aelectric ~s = and µ0 Ienc
dCurrent-Carrying
charge distri- Wire S !S
dl
S
B

 B ds r
law for magnetic fields, Eq. (28.10), is not a rela-
sldsa and
steady 

current I thatitisstates uniformly distrib- I S!
current distributions; that(Ampèrian
I enc คือผลรวมของกระแสทั้งผ่านที่ผ่านเส้นทางปิด the flux
loop)

S
dl ! d
dls
ece wire (Fig.
is always 
 zero,30.13).
whether Calculate
or not there the
are magnetic
currents 1 ds I
S
of for
law theB• can’t wirebein usedthe regionsther magnetic
to determine
หลักการสร้าง Ampèrian loop เพื่อหาสนามแม่เหล็ก 

! R and S
B
current distribution. 1. สร้าง Ampèrian loop ผ่านจุดที่ต้องการหาสนามแม่เหล็ก

d not in terms of magnetic
2. ควรจะทำให้ flux, Ampèrian
B มีค่าคงที่บน but
! rather
!
loop
 !in terms
!
d a closed path, 3. เลือก Ampèrian loop ที่ทำให้ B // d s หรือ B ⊥ d s 

denoted by R
(b) Same integration path as in (a), but
4. ในการหา B นิยมสร้าง Ampèrian loop เป็นรูปวงกลมหรือสี่เหลี่ยม 2 the circle clockwise.
integration goes around
#
CEx. จงหาขนาดของสนามแม่เหล็กที่ระยะห่าง r จากเส้นลวดตรงความยาวอนันต์ มีกระแสไหลผ่านเท่ากับ I

S S
understand B d l the structure of the wire and Result: rB # dl 5 2m0I
S S

r
te work
creates magnetic fields everywhere, both ds
in Chapter 6 and to calculate electric poten- B
S
path of I S
this
urrent-
alar product
the mag- of B d#
integral, weS divide
S
l for
the path
each
into
segment,
infinitesimal
and sum
dl
Figure 30.13 (Example S
dl
long, straight wire of radius
30.5) A
R carry-
igh degree of symmetry, we categorize this
is A BΠdl,arrive
S
variesS
from point to point, and we must use the S ing a steady current I uniformlyB dis-
B r
For
ch dSl .the r ! R case,
An alternative we should
notation where at BΠthe tributed across the cross section of
I
to d l at each point. The circle on the integral sign the wire. The magnetic field at any
e 30.1, where we applied r theSB Biot–Savart law S
point can be calculated from
always computed for a closed path, one whose dl
S
Ampère’s law using dl a circular path o
he same. S
radius r, concentric
B with the wire.
ior to the wire,
g, Straight let us choose for our path of
Conductor
S
om symmetry, B must be constant in magni-
f Ampere’s law, let’s consider again the magnetic (c) An integration path that does not enclose the
on this circle.
t conductor carrying a current I. We found in Sec- conductor
ance r from the conductor has magnitude - 11
! - Result: rB #facebook.com/be-engineer2012
dl 5 0
rallel to the segment of length D, and SB i D,
S
 Section 28.7 Applications of Ampere’s Law *28.48.
28.37. Coaxial Cable. A solid Figure 28.48 2.400 A.
conductor with radius a is sup- Exercise 28.37. ติวฟรี PHYSICS 2 BY P’MAX toroidal
ported abyถูกยึดไว้ด้วยแผ่นจานฉนวนบนแกน
10. ตัวนำทรงกระบอกตันมีรัศมี insulating disks on the field ins
axis bof และรัศมีภายนอก
ของท่อตัวนำซึ่งมีรัศมีภายใน a conducting tube withI
c โดยมีกระแส relative
ไหลเท่ากันในตัวนำตรงกลางและท่อตัวนำในทิศตรงกันข้าม กระแส material
inner radius b and outer radius c a
กระจายสม่ำเสมอทั่วพื้นที่ภาคตัดขวางของตัวนำแต่ละอัน จงหาขนาดของ
(Fig. *28.49.
สนามแม่เหล็กที่ระยะทาง a < r28.48).
< b และ The
r > c central conduc- I
I
tor and tube carry equal currents ries a cu
I in opposite directions. The cur- wrapped
c
rents are distributed uniformly b wire of
over the cross-sections of each the curre
conductor. Derive an expression for the magnitude of the magnetic the magn
field (a) at points outside the central, solid conductor but inside the rent; (ii)
tube 1 a , r , b 2 and (b) at points outside the tube 1 r . c 2 . (b) In a S
s
28.38. Repeat Exercise 28.37 for the case in which the current in vectors B
the central, solid conductor is I1, the current in the tube is I2, and *28.50.
these currents are in the same direction rather than in opposite of iron a
directions. 1 / xm ag
28.39. A long, straight, cylindrical wire of radius R carries a cur- law? If s
rent uniformly distributed over its cross-section. At what location
is the magnetic field produced by this current equal to half of its
largest value? Consider points inside and outside the wire.
28.40. A 15.0 cm long solenoid with radius 2.50 cm is closely
wound with 600 turns of wire. The current in the windings is
8.00 A. Compute the magnetic field at a point near the centre of the
solenoid.
28.41. Engineering. A solenoid is designed to produce a mag-
netic field of 0.0270 T at its centre. It has radius 1.40 cm and Proble
length 40.0 cm, and the wire can carry a maximum current of 28.51. A
12.0 A. (a) What minimum number of turns per unit length must q 5 1
the solenoid have? (b) What total length of wire is required? 25.00 m
28.42. Engineering. As a new electrical engineer, you are design- in Fig
ing a large solenoid to produce a uniform 0.150 T magnetic field 9.00 3 1
near the centre of the solenoid. You have enough wire for 4000 cir- 104 m / s.
cular turns. This solenoid must be 1.40 m long and 20.0 cm in diam- the loca
eter. What current will you need to produce the necessary field? ure, wha
28.43. A magnetic field of 37.2 T has been achieved at the MIT direction
Francis Bitter National Magnetic Laboratory. Find the current field pro
needed to achieve such a field (a) 2.00 cm from a long, straight (b) the
wire; (b) at the centre of a circular coil of radius 42.0 cm that has exerts on
100 turns; (c) near the centre of a solenoid with radius 2.40 cm, 28.52. A
length 32.0 cm and 40 000 turns. tron is

Copyright © Pearson Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) 201

- 12
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 ติวฟรี PHYSICS 2 BY P’MAX
11. ทรงกระบอกตัวนำ กลาง และยาว (รัศมีภายใน 2.0 mm และรัศมีภายนอก 4.0 mm) มีกระแส 24 A กระจายสม่ำเสมอ
ทั่วพื้นที่ภาคตัดขวาง และเส้นลวดตรง ผอม และยาวใช้แกนร่วมกับทรงกระบอกมีกระแส 24 A ในทิศทางตรงกันข้าม จงหา
ขนาดของสนามแม่เหล็กที่ระยะห่าง 1.0 mm, 3.0 mm และ 5.0 mm จากแกนกลางของทรงกระบอก

- 13
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 (b) the
charges have –signs and |q1| > |q4|.+ –
field lines due to a circular cur-
points along the axis, useopposite
right-hand rule+3 exactly as for the circular loop of current.
HALLIDAY
rent loop. REVISED
(b) Using right-hand
If a long solenoid has N turns of wire and length L, then the magnetic field strength
(c) the
rule 3 to determine the direction
of the field inside the loop. charges
inside is givenhave the
by (see Problem same
82): sign and | q 1 | < | q4|.
(d) the charges have opposite
inside an idealsigns solenoid: and |q1| < |q4|.
Magnetic field strength
(a) Currents ติวฟรี PHYSICS 2 BY P’MAX
m NIin same direction
(e) q1 = q4. B = ____
L
0
= m nI 0
▲ FIGURE 22–26 Magnetic forces between current loops
(19-17)
• ตัวอย่างสนามแม่เหล็กของระบบที่พบได้บ่อยๆ
(f) q1 = −InqEq.4.(19-17), I is the currentTo decide whether current loops will experience an attractiv
permanent
in the wire andmagnets.
n = N/L (a) Current
is the numberloops
of turnswith currents in the s
per unit

DS DUE TOข้อมูลที่ควรทราบ
CURRENTS เส้นลวดตรงยาวมาก10. The magnetic
(long-straight
length. Note that the field does
field
field near the
line)
theynot attract
linesandโซลินอยด์
ends is weaker
depend on each
starts to benda
inside
the other.
bar the
outward;
(solenoid)
theCurrent
radius of(b)
magnet
solenoid. loops
field outside run
with opposite curre
The magnetic
in iswhat
the solenoid
quite small—look how spread out the field lines are outside. A solenoid is one way to
direction? produce a nearly uniform magnetic field.
Weak (almost zero) field outside solenoid Notice that
(a) from north pole to south pole portional to
i (b) from south pole to north pole Magnetic field lines Current flows
The thumb is in the out of the page

(c) from current's side to side

Right-hand rule
direction.
gives direction Solenoid
of B inside
A solenoid
ภาพประกอบ (d) NoneThe of the above—there
fingers reveal are no magnetic field lines succession o
B B insidethe a barfieldmagnet.
vector's as an electr
uniform, ma
11. The magnetic direction, forces which that istwo parallelStrong, uniform field
wires with unequal each loop o
i inside solenoid
tangent to a circle. magnetic fo
currents flowing in opposite directions exert on each I
Nearly uniform B
I
Current flows
into the page
together.
(a ) (b ) other are The mag
(a) (b)
▲ FIGURE 22–27 The solenoid noid but ar
ลักษณะของ
 (a)
the page with current เส้นลวด
attractive and unequal
out of the page; each cross represents the wire
in magnitude.
Figure 19.39 (a) A solenoid. (b) Magnetic field lines due to a solenoid. Each dot represents the wire crossing the plane of
วนเป็นวงกลมรอบๆ ภายในโซลินอยด์:
A solenoid is formedBfrom
crossing the plane of the page ≈withคงที่
current into the page. packed sole
a long wire
Here is a simple right-hand
สนามแม่เหล็ก rule for finding the direction of
(b) repulsive and unequal
ขนาดลดลงตามระยะห่างจากเส้นลวดที่เพิ่มขึ้น the magnetic that isfieldwound into a succession of cur-
in magnitude.
ภายนอกโซลินอยด์: ≈ 0 inside the
B field compared w
rent loops. The magnetic
et up by a current-length element, such as a section ofattractive
a long wire: in combinat
solenoid is relatively strong and uni-
ขนาดของ
 µ0 I (c) and equal in
form. magnitude.
µ0 NI
Outside the solenoid the field is the solenoid
B = (d) repulsive and equalfield B =
in outside
weak.
magnitude.
In the µ
ideal=case, nI
we consider the To do so
สนามแม่เหล็ก 2 π r
Right-hand rule: Grasp the element in your right hand with your extended thumb
gia04535_ch19_693-740.indd 722
l 0
the solenoid to be zero and Figure 22–28.
12/4/08 11:50:10 PM

pointing in the direction of the current. Your

(e) both zero.
fingers will then naturally curl around
that inside to be uniform and parallel to On sides 2 a
4in
the solenoid’s axis.
การหาทิศทางของ
 นิ้วโป้งชี้ตามกระแส นิ้ววนตามกระแส!
the direction ofสนามแม่เหล็ก
the magnetic field lines4due to that element. (f) in! the same direction and unequal in magnitude.sides. Finall
Using these
นิ้ววนรอบเป็นทิศของ B นิ้วโป้งเป็นทิศของ B
(g) in the same direction and equalL in magnitude.
field at point P in a
3
The result of applying this right-hand rule 12. to What
the is
current the direction
in the straightof the wiremagnetic
12. จากรูปสนามแม่เหล็กที่จุด P มีทิศทางอย่างไร (จุด P อยู่บนแกนของขดลวด)
f Fig. 29-2 is shown in a side view in Fig. 29-4a. Tothe figure? (the
determine P isdirection
on the Iaxis of the of the coil.)
h
: 4 Next, the cu
magnetic field B set(1)up
↑ at any particular point by this current, mentally wrap your
2
of loops in t
1
ght hand around (2) the↓ wire with your thumb in the direction of the current. Let
our fingertips pass through the point; their direction is P then the direction of the
B
(3) ← : Solving for B
magnetic field at that point. In the view of Fig. 29-2, B at any point is tangent
I to Axis
(4) →
magnetic field line; in the view of Fig. 29-4, it is perpendicular to a dashed radial22–28 Ampère’s law and the
▲ FIGURE
Magnetic Fie
magnetic field in a solenoid N
ne connecting the (5)
point and the current.
× (พุ่งเข้าไปในกระดาษ) I To calculate the magneticIfield inside a B = m0 a
L
solenoid, we apply Ampère’s law to the
(6) • (พุ่งออกจากกระดาษ) rectangular path shown here. The only SI unit: tes
Proof of Equation 29-4
side of the rectangle that! has a nonzero,
parallel component of B is side 1. Note that th
(a) ↑ (b) ↓ (c) ← (d) →
igure 29-5, which is just like Fig. 29-1 except that now the wire is straight and of
(e) × (into page) (f ) (out of page)
nfinite length, illustrates the task at hand. We seek the field B at point P, a per-•
:

endicular distance R from the wire. The magnitude of the differential magnetic
eld produced at P by the current-length element i ds: located a distance r from P
given by Eq. 29-1:
$ i ds sin &
dB " 0 .
4% r2
: gia04535_ch19_693-740.indd: 730
he direction of dB in Fig. 29-5 is that of the vector ds ! r̂ — namely, directly
nto the page.
:
Note that dB at point P has this same direction for all the current-length
lements into which the wire can be divided. Thus, we can find the magnitude of
he magnetic field produced at P by the current-length elements in the upper half
f the infinitely long wire by integrating dB in Eq. 29-1 from 0 to !.
Now consider a current-length element in the lower half of the wire, one that
as far below P as ds: is above P. By Eq. 29-3, the magnetic field produced at P
y this current-length element has the same magnitude- 14 ! and
- direction as that from
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lement i ds in Fig. 29-5. Further, the magnetic field produced by the lower half
:
 39. Four long, parallel conductors carry equal currents of
M I 5 5.00 A. Figure P30.39 is an end view ofติวthe conduc-
ฟรี PHYSICS 2 BY P’MAX
tors. The current มีกระแสเท่ากันเส้นละ
13. เส้นลวดตัวนำยาวมากสี่เส้นวางขนานกัน direction is into
I = 5.00 the page at points
A รูปด้านล่างแสดงภาคตัดขวางของเส้นลวด
ทั้งสี่ โดยกระแสไหลเข้าที่จุด A และ B และกระแสไหลออกที่จุด C และ D จงคำนวณขนาดของสนามแม่เหล็กลัพธ์ที่จุด P
A and B and out of theℓ =page
ซึ่งเป็นจุดกึ่งกลางของสี่เหลี่ยมจัตุรัสที่มีความยาวด้านละ 0.200 m at points C and D. Cal-
culate (a) the magnitude and (b) the direction of the
magnetic field at point P, located at the center of the
square of edge length , 5 0.200 m.

A C

ht ,
P
is-
he B D
rd ,
he
eld Figure P30.39
in
it Section 30.4 The Magnetic Field of a Solenoid
ial
40. A certain superconducting magnet in the form of a
he
solenoid of length 0.500 m can generate a magnetic
ite
field of 9.00 T in its core when its coils carry a current
at
of 75.0 A. Find the number of turns in the solenoid.
41. A long solenoid that has 1 000 turns uniformly dis-
res
M tributed over a length of 0.400 m produces a magnetic
re
field of magnitude 1.00 3 1024 T at its center. What
he
current is required in the windings for that to occur?
ng
un- 42. You are given a certain volume of copper from which
he Q/C you can make copper wire. To insulate the wire, you
he can have as much enamel as you like. You will use the
ve wire to make a tightly wound solenoid 20 cm long hav-
ing the greatest possible magnetic field at the center
and using a power supply that can deliver a current
ng
of 5 A. The solenoid can be wrapped with wire in one
ng
or more layers. (a) Should! - you make the wire long
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in - 15
and thin or shorter and thick? Explain. (b) Should