CENTRAL LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY

DETERMINANTS IN ENCOURAGING RELATIVES TO SEEK ELECTIVE OFFICE

RUSSEL HAROLD PAGAY SIROT

An undergraduate thesis proposal submitted to the faculty of the Department of Social Sciences, College
of Arts and Sciences, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of

BACHELOR OF ARTS IN SOCIAL SCIENCES

April 2015

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
Rationale

Statement of the problem

Objectives

Significance 3
Scope and Limitation....3
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Definition of political dynasty

Nature of Barangay.. 6
Nature of power of Barangay Chairman...........8
Power of Appointment.........................................................................................................................9
Importance of Family in Politics.10
Prevalence of Political Dynasties....10
Conclusion .....11
METHODOLOGY ...12
Conceptual Framework..12
Operational Definition of Terms....13
Data Gathering.......15
Sampling ...15
Statistical Analysis 15
Locale .......16
Results and Discussion .17
Socio Demographic Characteristics...18
Relationship of Barangay Official ....20
Concept on Political Dynasty.........22
Determinants in encouraging relatives in politics..25

Conclusion and Recommendation..30

References.33
Appendices36

Chapter I

Introduction
Background of the Study. Article II Section 1 of the Philippine Constitution states, The Philippines is a
democratic and republican State. Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority
emanates from them, people choose their leaders by means of an election. In most democracies, political
dynasties are prevalent like Mexico, Argentina, India, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Querubin (2010)
stated in his paper that these dynasties exemplify a form of political elite persistence.
Political dynasty refers to the situation wherein members of the same family are occupying
elected positions either in sequence for the same position or simultaneously across different positions.
Analysts regard this situation as a signal of weak political competition, which can lead to poorer socioeconomic outcomes and chronic poverty. On the other hand, analysts also note that people may tend to
rely on patron-client relationships as a way to cope with their poverty, thus creating a demand for political
patrons in public office (Beja Jr., et al. 2013).
In Nueva Ecija, one of the prevalent political families are the Josons. Joson dynasty started when
Eduardo N. Joson Sr. became the governor of Nueva Ecija in 1959 followed by his son Tomas Joson. The
Josons ruled Nueva Ecija for 48 years until they faced a major setback Mariano Cristino Joson(Edno
Joson) was beaten by Aurelio Umali in 2007.
Another are Umalis especially Aurelio M. Umali who beat Edno Joson in the 2007 polls, Edward
Joson in 2010 and Josie Joson in 2013. The wife of the current governor of Nueva Ecija, Cherry Umali is
currently the representative of the first district of Nueva Ecija and brother was a former member of the
sangguniang panlalawigan.
Other political dynasties are the Violagos of San Jose, Lacuroms of Nampicuan, Botes of General
Tinio, and Alvarezes family of Science City of Muoz.
1

Notable political families in Science City of Muoz includes the Alvarezes. Their clan started
when Efren L. Alvarez became the Mayor in 1992-2001 and in 2001, he encourage his brother Nestor L.
Alvarez to run as Mayor and won. He ran for reelection in 2004 and 2007 and he won again as mayor. In
2010 his brother Efren L. Alvarez decided to run again as mayor, successfully won, in 2013 Nestor
Alvarez replaced him, and became the Mayor again, his daughter Tequila Alvarez successfully won as
Vice Mayor.
Political dynasties does not only exist in the Provinces, municipalities, and cities. In the Barangay
level, dynasties are also prevalent. There are barangays in which officials are relatives and ruled for a
longer period.
This study aims to identify the determinants in encouraging relatives to seek elective office and
the conceptual definition of political dynasties in the select barangays in Science City of Muoz.
Rationale. Political dynasty is one of the major political issues currently however, no law defining
political dynasty thus is no prohibition in the Philippines. This study will be to gain a major understanding
on the issue of political dynasty. The study will explore political dynasty in the barangay level and will
determine the determinants in encouraging relative to seek elective office as well as the concept of
barangay officials regarding political dynasty.
Statement of the Problems. This study aims to answer what are the determinants in encouraging relatives
to seek public office that continuously promote political families in the barangay. This study will seek to
answer the following problems:
1. What are the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondent barangay officials?
2. What is the relationship of the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents to the
determinants in encouraging relatives to seek public office?

3. What are their concept of political dynasty among the respondent barangay officials?
Objectives of the Study. The study was to determine the determinants in encouraging relatives seeking in
politics/public office. This study specifically aims to:
1. To know the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents barangay officials.
2. To know relationship of the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents to the determinants in
encouraging relatives to seek public office.
3. To know their concept of political dynasty among the respondent barangay officials.
Significance of the Study. This study will be significant for the policy makers; with this study, they will
determine the determinants on why political families encourage their relative to seek public office to the
point of creating dynasties of their own.
In addition, with this study, the public officials will be able develop a strategy on how to equally
distribute power among themselves without engaging into political dynasty.
Furthermore, the study can used as a future reference on studying the proliferation of political dynasties in
the grass root level.
Scope and Limitation. The study is limited to the determinants in encouraging relatives to seek elective
office using the three fundamentals of organizational behavior used by Andrew Dubrin. The 12 indicators
used in the determinants was developed by the researcher for illustrating and expounding the definition of
power, influence and organizational politics for better understanding of the respondents.

Collaterally, conceptual definition of political dynasty among the respondents is also determined
using thematic interpretation from the collective responses of the respondents in the open-ended
questions. The responses are in Filipino, however, for the purposes of analysis, the conceptual definition
of political dynasty was written in English.
However, due to lack of material time and the inability of the researcher to locate the respondents
in the barangay, the questionnaire was not subjected to a pre-test.
The locale of the study is limited to four barangays in the Science City of Munoz, which have the
highest frequency of barangay officials with the same surnames.

Chapter II

Review of Related Literature

The sections contains previous studies regarding political dynasties that includes undergraduate
and masters thesis and dissertation. The section also contains articles in journals, newspaper, and in the
World Wide Web.
The researcher used a both quantitative and qualitative approach. A quantitative approach is one
in which the investigator primarily uses post positivist claims for developing knowledge (i.e., cause and
effect thinking, reduction to specific variables and hypotheses and questions, use of measurement and
observation, and the test of theories), employs strategies of inquiry such as experiments and surveys, and
collects data on predetermined instruments that yield statistical data (Cresswell 1994). Cresswell (1994)
defined qualitative approach as one in which the inquirer often makes knowledge claim based primarily
on constructivist perspectives (i.e multiple meanings of individual experiences, meanings socially and
historically constructed with an intent of developing a theory or pattern) or advocacy/ participatory
perspectives (i.e political, issue oriented, collaborative or change oriented) or both.
Definition of Political Dynasties. Political dynasty refers to the situation wherein members of the same
family are occupying elected positions either in sequence for the same position or simultaneously across
different positions. Analysts regard this situation as a signal of weak political competition, which can lead
to poorer socio-economic outcomes and chronic poverty. On the other hand, analysts also note that people
may tend to rely on patron-client relationships as a way to cope with their poverty, thus creating a demand
for political patrons in public office (Beja Jr., et al. 2013). Beja Et Al. (2013) states, One definition of
political dynasties refers to members of the same family occupying elected positions either in sequence
for the same position, or simultaneously across different positions.

Another term for political dynasty is political family as stated by Kurtz (1989) A political family
exist when two or more relatives or have held in public office if two or more families are linked by
kinship, they are interlocked, forming a kinship network.
In our country ruled by a political oligarchy of rich and powerful families, a political dynasty
refers to relatives who enjoy a monopoly of electoral political power to the disadvantage of rival leaders
and the general public. In this sense, we can cite many provinces and cities and the national government
ruled by political dynasties. Anarchy of families says American historian, Alfred McCoy (Abueva 2013).
In the Merriam Webster Dictionary, dynasty defines as a succession of rulers of the same line of
descent; another definition was a powerful group or family that maintains it position for a considerable
period.
Political dynasties are also known as political families or political clans. These dynasties maintain
a monopoly of power over a longer period.
In the Philippine Constitution Article II Section 26 states, The State shall guarantee equal
access to public service and prohibit political dynasty as may be defined by law. There is no law in the
Philippines defining political dynasties. Yusingco (2012) states:
It seems that such a law cannot be enacted because the majority of lawmakers are members of
traditional political families (at least 70% of Congress members belong to political dynasties). Indeed, it
is hard to imagine these legislators passing a law that will cost them their grip on political power.
Nevertheless, there are Anti-Political dynasty bills pending in the House of Representatives and in the
Senate.
Nature of Barangay. The barangay is a basic administrative unit and key arena for democratic engagement
(Magno). In the section 384 of the local government code it states that As the basic political unit, the

barangay serves as the primary planning and implementing unit of government policies, plans, programs,
projects, and activities in the community, and as a forum wherein the collective views of the people may
be expressed, crystallized and considered, and where disputes may be amicably settled. The barangay is
composed of the Punong Barangay, seven Sagguniang Barangay members, Sangguniang Kabataan
member, a Treasurer and Secretary and other appointed officials.
Valdeheusa (2010) states that a barangay is a small republic. It has territory, people,
government, and, though limited sovereignty. As the home of every sovereign Filipino, its voters provide
legitimacy to government and authority to public servants on all levels. Every precinct is located in it;
every vote cast in. He also states that like a municipal and upper level government, it has also three
branches of government, the executive headed by the barangay chairman, legislative composed of the
sagguniang barangay, and judicial headed by the lupon tagapamayapa but all three are headed by one and
the same official: the Barangay Chairman. Unlike the upper level governments, there is no separation of
powers in the barangay. It is a parliamentary form of government. This explains why its leader is called
Chairman (i.e. prime minister) not Kapitan as in little commander-in-chief (head of state in the
presidential form of government}. He is a little prime minister, not a little president. Punong Barangay is
his formal title.
Appointed officials in the barangay include a barangay secretary and treasurer. In the local
government code the secretary and the treasurer is appointed by the barangay chairman with the
concurrence of the majority of all sangguniang members and shall not be subject to attestation by the
Civil Service Commission.
The fusion of the powers of the three branches of government in the barangay places this small
political unit a notch higher than the parliamentary system. In a parliamentary set-up, executive and
legislative functions are exercised simultaneously but barangay officials also have quasi-judicial powers
apart from the power to implement and enact laws (Lagman 2008

Valdehuesa (2010) pointed out that because a barangay is a parliamentary form of government it has a
parliament called the Barangay Assembly. This assembly is in fact the communitys supreme governing
body since it consists of all the voters within the jurisdiction, the residents. The Barangay Assembly has
power to discipline or recall the chaiman and kagawads for loss of confidence. It is supposed to hear and
pass upon the semestral report of the sangguniang barangay concerning its activities and finances. It can
a) initiate legislative processes by recommending measures for the welfare of the barangay and city or
municipality; and b) propose, enact, or amend ordinances passed by the Sanggunian through the process
of initiative or referendum.
Nature of Power of Barangay Chairman. In the Local Government Code section 389, the Punong
Barangay serves as the chief executive of the barangay, exercised such powers, and performs such duties
and functions as provided by the LGC and other laws.
According to Valdehuesa (2010) the barangay is a parliamentary form of government cause the
three branches of government was headed by the barangay chairman and in the barangay there is no such
thing as separation of powers. This explains why its leader is called Chairman (i.e. prime minister)
not Kapitan as in little commander-in-chief (head of state in the presidential form of government}.
He is a little prime minister, not a little president. Punong Barangay is his formal title. It is wrong to
confuse the two terms, using them interchangeably. A chairman presides as first among equals over his
peers, while a captain commands troops (subordinate ranks). It would be ridiculous to have a commander
or dictator rule over the sovereign citizens of a democracy or a small republic like the barangay. Before
the Local Government Code was enacted in 1991, the barangay was not a full-fledged government but a
quasi-municipal entity with no significant powers or resources. He was called Barrio Kapitan a title
derived from the Spanish Period when barrios were commanded by the captain of the Guardia Civil.

Lagman (2007) states The trinity of governmental powers is vested in the Barangay Chairman.
He is the Chief Executive of the barangay; he is the Presiding Officer of the Sangguniang Barangay; and
he is the Chief Magistrate of the Lupong Tagapamayapa. In a manner of speaking, the Barangay
Chairman is President, Speaker and Chief Justice. Truly, he is the greatest functionary.
According to Ifugao Rep. Teddy Baguilat:
The barangay chairman is the mayor, Speaker of the House and Chief Justice of the barangay. He is the
engineer who monitors infrastructure projects, the budget secretary looking for fund sources from local
and national agencies, the chief social worker during calamities and disasters and the chief police who
supervise the Tanods. At times, he is also the guidance counselor who provides advice to warring
couples. And he is the ultimate spokesperson of the barangay. He has a lot of roles. Multi- faceted. And
he is quite powerful, that's why he's also the Numero Uno ward leader of politicians (Fernandez 2013).
Power of Appointment. In the Local Government Code, appointed barangay officials include barangay
secretary and treasurer. Section 394 of the LGC states The barangay secretary shall be appointed by the
punong barangay with the concurrence of the majority of all the sangguniang barangay members. The
appointment of the barangay secretary shall not be subject to attestation by the Civil Service
Commission. While 395 states The barangay treasurer shall be appointed by the punong barangay
with the concurrence of the majority of all the sangguniang barangay members. The appointment of the
barangay treasurer shall not be subject to attestation by the Civil Service Commission. Other brangay
officials appointed by the Punong Barangay shall be governed by the provisions of LGC and other laws or
by barangay ordinances (Sec. 396).
Another appointing power of the barangay captain was to appoint barangay Tanod. The barangay
tanod as a whole is a community brigade composed of civilian volunteers appointed by the Punong

Barangay upon the recommendation of barangay kagawads acting as Barangay Peace and Order
Committee. The Local Government Code provides for a maximum of 20 tanods in each barangay;
however, villages may create more as necessary in accordance with the needs of public service, and
subject to the budgetary limitations of the barangay. The Punong Barangay can designate a Chief
Tanod/Ex-O to head the group. The tanods can also be organized in teams of two to four members in
each team headed by a Team Leader (Aquino).
Importance of Family in Politics. In the research conducted by Kurtz (1989) families in which politics is a
usual activity of the members, children undergo a socialization experience, which is different from
nonpolitical families. He also stated, Families with a tradition of public service develop name
recognition, goodwill, and skills, all of which are components of the state or capital which can be
transferred from one member to another.
Prevalence of Political Dynasties. In the studies conducted by Beja et al. (2013), they stated that the
increased income poverty does not create political dynasties but it contributes to the expansion of the
largest and strongest dynasty. According to Beja et al (2013):
Given that the poor are most vulnerable to political patronage and manipulation as well as practical to
sell their votes, a worsening, if not unchanging, poverty would be beneficial to political dynasties. Since
the largest political dynasties would, in most situations, be the families that have cultivated the most
extensive networks of patronage, accumulated the most political and financial capital, and have the
access to the largest political machineries, they would also be in the best position to take advantage of
vulnerable economically disadvantaged voters.
Querubin (2010) stated that members of these political dynasties have a great political power due
to various observed and unobserved characteristics of the family such as wealth, talent, popularity or
looks that correlate with political success and can be transmitted across generations.

10

Sunico (2013) pointed out that these political families have gathered enough wealth and resources
to ensure that they win any election whether through the strength of the family name or through more
"creative" electoral strategies.
(CenPeg) Center for Peoples Empowerment and Governance (2010) stated that:
The barangay is a microcosm of oligarchic politics, misallocation of resources, and corruption. It serves
as an extension of ruling political dynasties and as a base of future traditional politicians. Many
candidates for punong barangay (barangay captain) are the children or relatives of the local mayor or
councilors. It is also a stepping-stone for future municipal and congressional leaders. Many members of
Congress started their political career in the barangay. Candidates for barangay posts totaling 336,200
also receive backing from congressmen and other local politicians who seek to maintain their power
base particularly during elections.
Exploitative political dynasties are thus the cause and consequence of our ineffective and
unaccountable patron-client democracy, and personalized parties plagued by misuse of power, corruption
and wastage of state resources, and of our rapid population growth and continuing underdevelopment. We
cannot begin to change our political system that breeds these ills without basic structural and institutional
reforms, as Charter change advocates and we critics keep saying and writing about (Abueva 2013).
Conclusion. There were many previous studies regarding political dynasties in general, however, there
were lack or wanting of studies regarding the subject in the barangay level. The previous studies showed
above is only limited on the prevalence and effects of political dynasties in the society and not on the
determinants that encourages relatives to seek elective office.

11

11

Chapter III

Methodology
Conceptual Framework. This study aims to determine the determinants in encouraging relatives to seek
elective office. The barangay officials socio demographic served as the independent variables such as
age, civil status, educational attainment, years in public office, political background of the family, private
occupation, relatives serving in the barangay, relatives serving in the city were correlated to the
determinants in encouraging relatives to seek elective office.
In addition to this, the conceptual definition of political dynasties among the select barangay officials in
Science City of Muoz will also be determined to give light to their choices of determinants in
encouraging relatives to seek elective office.

Concept of
Political
Dynasty

Fig. 1: Conceptual Paradigm

12

Operational Definition of Terms. Several terms were used in this research which might have a different
context in other researches or in its daily use. There are also terms which are not familiar to many people
because it requires specialization into a certain discipline. These terms are:
Barangays the basic political unit of the Philippine government which serves as the primary planning
and implementing unit of government policies, plans, programs, projects, and activities in the community,
and as a forum wherein the collective views of the people may be expressed, crystallized and considered,
and where disputes may be amicably settled.
Barangay Officials the respondents of the study which is composed of the following:
Barangay Chairman the chief executive of the barangay and the presiding officer of the
Sangguniang Barangay mandated to enforce all ordnances enacted by the Sangguniang Barangay.
Barangay Kagawad elected barangay officials, who serves as the legislative council of the
barangay and composes the Sangguniang Barangay tasked with making ordinances and
resolutions for the barangay.
Barangay Secretary appointed barangay official that keep of all records of the sangguniang
barangay.
Barangay Treasurer - appointed barangay official that keeps the custody of barangay funds and
properties.
Determinants reasons of the barangay officials in encouraging their relatives to seek elective positions
and divided by Andrew Dubrin into three categories: Power, Influence, and Organizational Politics.
Power The potential ability to influence decisions and control resources.
Influence Resembles power, but tends to be more subtle and indirect

13

Organizational Politics - the informal approaches to gaining power through means other than merit or
luck.
Concept of Political Dynasty it refers to the understanding of barangay officials on what political
dynasty is which the researcher thematically interpreted.
Political dynasties refers to members of the same family occupying elected positions either in sequence
for the same position, or simultaneously across different positions.
Family a group of persons related by blood by consanguinity or affinity.
Relatives a person connected with another by blood or affinity; a person who is kin with another.
Blood relative one who shares an ancestor with another.
Collateral relative a relative who is not in the direct line of descent, such as a cousin relative of the half
blood.

14

Research Methods
Data Gathering. This study used both quantitative and qualitative data to the conceptual definition of
political dynasty in select barangays in Science City of Muoz.
The questionnaire developed by the research have several parts; the first part was designed to
identify the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. The second part was formulated to
know the determinants in encouraging relatives to seek public office using the indicators listed by the
researcher on the questionnaire .The third part was a series of open-ended questions developed to
determine the conceptual definition of political dynasty in select barangays in Science City of Muoz.
The researcher wrote the questionnaire in Filipino.
Sampling Procedure. The researcher used the multi stage sampling method in the study. The researcher
have chosen Science City of Muoz because of the prevalence of political families in the city as
manifested by the blood relations of the chief executive and his vice mayor.
All of the Barangays chosen by the researcher are composed of barangay officials, which have
similar surnames with the other officials. The respondents were composed of 40 barangay officials either
elected in the case of chairman and kagawads or appointed in case of secretaries and treasurers. However,
the samples were supposed to be 40 but three of the respondents were unable to be reached by the
researcher despite diligent efforts and follow-ups.
Statistical Analysis. Data gathered were analyzed using the following statistical tools:
a. Frequency Count and percentage- These were used to analyze the socio demographic characteristics
such as age, civil status, gender, educational attainment, Profession besides of becoming a barangay
official, monthly income, family experienced in public service, relatives serving in the barangay.

15

b. Chi-Square- This was used to determine the relationship between the socio demographic characteristics
of the respondents to their concept of political dynasties.
Locale of the Study. The researcher conducted the study on the four barangays of Science City of Muoz,
Nueva Ecija namely Cabisuculan, Matingkis, Naglabrahan and San Antonio. All of the barangays were
purposively chosen by the researcher for having at least four barangays officials which have similar
surnames or belongs to the same family.

Source: Science City of Munoz Website

Legend
Locale of the Study

Figure 2 Map of Science City of Muoz

16

Chapter IV

Results and Discussion

Findings. This section presents the findings of the of the study. The corresponding interpretations were
discussed: socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents, relationship of the selected barangay
officials, the determinants in encouraging relatives to run in public service, and their concept of political
dynasties. The chapter is divided into several parts:
4.1 Socio Demographic Characteristics
4.2 Relationship of Barangay Officials
4.3 Concept of Political Dynasty
4.4 Determinants in Encouraging relatives to seek public office.

17

4.1 Socio Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents.

Table 1
Descriptive Statistics of Socio-demographic Characteristics
Frequency

Percent

4
30
2

11.2
83.3
5.6

1
34
3

2.7
94.4
8.1

6
31

16.7
83.3

3
27
4
3

8.3
73.0
10.8
8.3

10
8
9
10

27.0
21.6
24.3
27.0

3
3
11
7
6
4
1
1

8.3
8.3
30.6
19.4
16.7
11.1
2.8
2.8

1
3
5
8
7
6
6

2.8
8.3
13.9
22.2
19.4
16.7
16.7

1
31
2
1
3

2.78
86.11
5.56
2.78
8.33

16
8
2
1
2
1

44.4
22.2
5.6
2.8
5.6
2.8

19
17

52.8
47.2

5
31

13.5
83.8

Age
31-40
41-60
61-75
Status
Single
Married
Widow
Gender
Female
Male
Position
Barangay Chairman
Kagawad
Secretary
Treasurer
Barangay
Cabisuculan
Matingkis
Naglabrahan
San Antonio
Length of Service in the barangay
1 year and below
1-3
4-19
8-11
12-15
16-19
20-31
32-35
Educational attainment
Elementary
Elementary Graduate
High school Level
High School Graduate
College Level
College Graduate
Vocational
Profession
ABC President
Farmer
Security Guard
Tricycle Driver
None
Monthly Income
5,000 and below
5,000-10,000
10,000-15,000
15,000-20,000
20,000-25, 000
25,000-30,000
Family experience in public service.
Yes
No
Relatives serving in the city
Yes
No

18

Most of the respondents were in the ages of 41-60 (83.3%) mainly because generally most of the
leaders in our country ranges from that age, 94.4% of the respondents were married mainly because
majority of them were in the ages 41-60.
Most of the respondents were males (83.3%) reason for this is that men dominate Philippine
politics. Overall the study were consist of 37 positions in the barangay, most of the respondents were
Barangay kagawad (73%) cause in each barangay the council are composed of 7 kagawads, 1 chairman,
and the treasurer and secretary. The sample of the study were supposed to compose of 40 respondents but
the respondents was unable to reach three of them. The study was lack of one barangay captain, one
kagawad, and treasurer mainly because of their business engagement and other important matters.
Seventy-seven and eight percent (77.8%) of the respondents serve the barangay from 4-19 years,
many of them were reelected and able complete their terms others started from a small position then
pursue a much higher position, others stated that they start being a kagawad then run for barangay
chairman, other started as a barangay chairman then became a kagawad, some started as youth leader.
Most of the respondents were High School graduates (22.2%) reason for this is that the officials
belongs to second and third class families. while 16.7% of the respondents were college graduates which
can be considered significant because instead of pursuing a high paying job or position they instead to
choose to serve the barangay.
Majority of the respondents were farmers mainly because barangays are situated mostly in rural
areas while 8.33% of the respondents were full time barangay officials. Most of the respondents earned a
monthly income of 5,000 and below, reason for this is that the honorarium of the barangay officials
ranges from 2000-5000.
Fifty-two and eight percent(52.8) of the respondents family has experienced in public service,
stated that they have relatives that serve in the barangay as Barangay Chairman, kagawad, treasurer others
said that their family was joining activities in the barangay

19

4.2 Relationship of Barangay Officials. This part shows the relationship of the barangay officials with the
other officials serving in the barangay.
Table 2
Relationship of Barangay Officials
Frequency

Percent

28

77.8

22.2

Missing

5.56

None

22.22

Brother in Law

5.56

Sister in Law

2.78

Cousin

17

47.22

Nephew/Niece

8.33

Sibling

11.11

Auntie/Uncle

11.11

Spouse

5.56

Relatives serving in the barangay

Yes
No
Relationships with the barangay officials

Table 2 shows the degree of relationship of the respondent barangay officials and to the elected
barangay and city officials and employees.
The researcher was able to trace their relationship for possessing the same surnames. In Barangay
Matingkis, most of the barangay officials there were cousins, the Barangay Chairman and one of the
kagawad with similar surnames were cousins, while two of the kagawads that has similar surnames were
cousins.
The result showed that majority of the barangay officials have relatives serving also in the
barangay it means that a large percentage of barangay officials in the locale of the study are relatives in
various degree of consanguinity and affinity.

20

Almost of the respondents are blood relatives stating that their relationship with the barangay
officials where in the 2nd degree or siblings to 4th degree or cousins. Some barangay officials are related by
affinity being related with other officials for being brothers and sisters in law.
Only less than a quarter of the respondents are in any manner related with other barangay
officials.
In Barangay San Antonio the Barangay Captain has a similar surname with one of the kagawad;
the kagawad was the sister of law of the barangay captain while two of the kagawad has also have similar
surname, their relationship were Uncle and Nephew.
In Barangay Cabisuculan, two of the kagawad has similar surnames. Their relationship were
brother and sister in Law.
In Barangay Naglabrahan, the barangay captain and one of the kagawad, which has similar
surnames, were siblings and the treasurer and secretary that has similar surnames has a relationship of
uncle and nephew

21

3.3 Concept on Political Dynasties. This section contains the conceptual definition of the barangay
officials on their concept of political dynasties.
Table 3.1
Responses of the Barangay Officials on their concept of political dynasty
Response

Family Rule

19

61.3

Ang political dynasty ay ang pamumuno ng isang pamilya o magkakamaganak sa isang lugar tulad ng
barangay lungsod at probinsya.
Tuloy tuloy na pamumuno ng isang angkan
Ang pagbibigay kapahintulutan ng nakaupong politiko sa isang kamaganak na tumakbo sa anumang
posisyon sa gobyerno habang siya nakaupo din.
Ang buong pamilya o angkan na ayaw bitawan ang politika sa kanilang lugar.
Ang pagkakaisa ng magkakamaganak namumuno sa isang lugar o barangay
Sunod sunod na pamamahala ng magkakamaganak
Ang pagkakaisa ng magkakamaganak na namumuno.
Pagsunod sa yapak nang kanilang mga ninuno sa pulitika.
Magkamaganak sa pulitika at magkakampi sa isang partido
.

Public Service
8

25.8

Tuloy tuloy na pagtulong.

Kagustuhan maglingkod sa kabarangay
Nagkakaisa ang mga kamaganak sa mga adhikain sa barangay yung iba corrupt.
Maglingkod sa mga mamamayan.
Isang pulitiko na may plano sa kabarangay.
Ok lang naman sakin, kasi nakakatulong naman sila
Depende naman yan sa namumuno, lalo na kung nakakatulong sila.
Kung Minsan maganda, dahil kung minsan nakakatulong

Power

Manipulasyon ng kapangyarihan
Pamilyang ayaw bitawan ang kapangyarihan
Sakim sa kapangyarihan, May sariling interes

22

12.9

Table 3 shows the various responses of the respondent on the open-ended question regarding their concept
of political dynasty. The researcher descriptively interpreted the responses to arrive at three categories
namely family rule, public service and power.
More than half of the respondents stated that political dynasty is a form of family rule. The
respondents conceptualized political dynasty as a family or group of persons related by blood or
affiliation that hold various public offices simultaneously or successively.
The first situation occurs when a family member simultaneously seek elective office and won on
the same election under one ticket or group while the second situation occurs when a family member
follows the footsteps of their ascendants in politics with the permission to run in an elective position and
in the process transferring their power and influence to the said relative.
One of the respondents cited the case of the Alvarezes in Science City of Munoz in transferring
power the members of the family.
One out of four respondent perceived that political dynasty positively by looking into it as a form
of public service. They state that political dynasty is a continuum in public service of a family member
that is restricted by the term of office prescribed by law and necessary to continue serving their
constituents under one platform of development.
12.9% of the respondents conceptualize political dynasty as necessary evil to maintain power
within the family. They perceived political dynasty negatively because it promotes self-interest, greed,
and monopoly of power.

23

Table 3.2
Descriptive Statistics on their stand on Political Dynasty
Nakakabuti ba ang political dynasty sa inyong barangay?
Dapat ba ibagbawal ang political dynasty?
Saang level dapat ipagbawal ang political dynasty?

Ou
Hindi
Oo
Hindi
Lahat maliban sa Brgy.
Lungsod/Bayan
Nasyonal
Probinsya

Frequency
17
14
18
15

Percent
45.9
37.8
50.0
41.7

1
2
13
2

2.8
5.6
36.1
5.6

After the researcher got the concept of the respondents, the determines their stands on the issue of
political dynasty on whether it brought goodness in their barangay, it should be prohibited, and in what
level should it be prohibited.
Table 3.2 showed that most of the respondents agreed that political dynasties brought goodness to
their barangay (45.9%), respondents states that leaders in their barangay were able to serve the residents
regardless if they belong to a political dynasty others states that it is difficult to socialize with other
officials which is not a relative. Respondents that said no got 37.8%, respondents states that the priorities
of the barangay officials were in their cronies others said that it would not lead to development and others
said it is better if the officials were composed of different backgrounds and families and also to avoid
conspiracy, other said it will left an image to people . There were respondents that did not answer the last
part of the questionnaire so there were missing data. Fifty percent of the respondents wants to prohibit
political dynasties; most of the respondents responds that the skills of others must be shown; there were
Barangay officials in which have similar surnames with the other officials in the barangay that wants to
prohibit political dynasties. Forty- one and seven percent (41.7%) do not want to prohibit mainly because
Philippines is a democratic country it is the people who choose their leaders and they were elected in a
democratic and legal manner. Other respondents stated that it should not be prohibited especially if the
leaders were able to fulfill their duties and to provide equal access to public service. Some of the
respondents were not able to answer to answer this part.

24

From the 50% percent of the respondents that wants to prohibit political dynasties 36.15% wanted
to prohibit it in the national level mainly because others were not given the chance to lead the
barangay.and to avoid extreme corruption, followed by province and city (5.6%) that one of the
respondents stated that it is prone to dynasty, and all level except the barangay mainly because there are
barangays in which most of all the residents there are mostly relatives and belongs to one clan (2.8%)
4.3 Determinants in encouraging relatives to run in politics. The results in this section indicated that the
work of Dubrin (2002) could be used to know the determinants in encouraging relatives to run in politics.
Dubrin distinguishes on how a person can gain power, influence, and used organizational politics.

25

Table 4.1
Descriptive Statistics for the Determinants in Encouraging Relatives to seek Public Office.
Determinants Indicators

Strongly
Disagree

Disagree

Depends on
the situation

Agree

Strongly
Agree

Power

Frequency
Percent

7
19.4

3
8.3

9
25.0

13
36.1

4
11.1

1. Hinihikayat ang mga kamag-anak tumakbo

para sa puder sa barangay.

Frequency
Percent

8
22.2

4
11.1

18
48.6

5
13.5

1
2.7

2. Hinihikayat ang mga kamag-anak tumakbo

para baguhin ang barangay

Frequency
Percent

6
16.7

10
27.0

8
22.6

6
16.2

7
18.9

3. Hinihikayat ang mga kamag-anak tumakbo

para maipagpatuloy ang mga plano sa barangay.

Frequency
Percent

7
18.9

4
10.8

6
16.2

7
18.9

12
32.4

4. Hinihikayat ang mga kamag-anak tumakbo

para baguhin ang katayuan ng mga kabarangay.

Frequency
Percent

8
21.6

6
16.2

7
18.9

9
24.3

6
16.2

Influence

Frequency
Percent

5
13.0

7
19.4

8
22.2

12
33.3

4
11.1

5. Hinihikayat ang mga kamag-anak tumakbo

para hikayatin ang mga tao sa paniniwalang
pulitikal.

Frequency
Percent

9
24.3

9
24.3

16
43.2

3
8.1

0
.0

6. Hinihikayat ang mga kamag-anak para

matutong mamuno.

Frequency
Percent

8
21.6

5
13.5

8
21.6

10
27.0

5
13.5

7. Hinihikayat ang mga kamag-anak para sa

respeto.

Frequency
Percent

4
10.8

6
16.2

4
10.8

13
35.1

8
21.6

8 Hinihikayat ang mga kamaganak tumakbo

para bigyan inspirasyon ang mga taga
barangay...

Frequency
Percent

5
13.5

6
16.7

7
18.9

13
35.1

5
13.5

Organizational Politics

Frequency
Percent

10
13.9

5
19.4

14
38.9

4
11.3

3
8.3

9. Hinihikayat ang mga kamag-anak na tumakbo

para sa pabor ng nanunungkulan sa munisipyo..

Frequency
Percent

9
24.3

9
24.3

13
35.1

3
8.1

1
2.7

10. Hinihikayat ang mga kamag-anak tumakbo

para lumawak ang koneksyong pulitikal.

Frequency
Percent

12
32.4

11
29.7

7
18.9

5
13.5

2
5.4

11. Hinihikayat ang mga kamag-anak tumakbo

mapalapit sa tao.

Frequency
Percent

9
24.3

8
21.6

6
16.2

5
13.5

7
18.9

12. Hinihikayat ang mga kamag-anak na

tumakbo upang maihanda ang sarili sa pagtakbo
sa mga susunod na eleksyon.

Frequency

11

12

Percent

29.7

16.2

32.4

13.5

5.4

Table 3 shows the determinant indicators in encouraging relatives to seek elective office. The
researcher grouped the following determinants based on the work of Andrew Dubrin into three: Power,
Influence, and Organizational Politics.
26

For better understanding, the three determinants where given particular descriptions by the
researcher. Statements 1-4 are descriptives of the use of power that pertains to the strengthening of
authority in the barangay. Items 5-8 are descriptives of influence or the ability to encourage others even
the person is not vested with power. Items 9-12 are descriptives of organizational politics that pertains to
acquisition of mass base for purposes of soliciting future votes.
In first statement(encouraging to gain power) majority of the respondents cannot decide whether
they agree or disagree, since their decision is based on the situation, if their relatives has the skills they
might encouraged but if not theyll not encourage it. In the second statement (encouraging to change the
barangay) most of the people disagree, reason for this is that that respondents can change or develop the
barangay alone, most of the respondents strongly agree in the third statement encouraging relatives to
continue plans for the barangay reason for this is that elective positions in the barangay is limited only to
three terms.
Twenty-four and three percent (24.3%) of the respondents agree on statement 4(to encourage
relatives to change the quality of life living in the barangay), reason for this is that they cannot do it all
alone and they will look for someone, which they can trust to do it.
Majority of the respondents were undecided if whether they will encourage relatives to run for
their political ideologies, reason for this is that their ideologies is different from their relatives. Most of
the respondents agree on the statement encouraging relatives to learn how to govern the residents in the
barangay reason for this is that there preparing their relatives to become leaders. In statements, seven and
eight most of the respondents agreed gaining 35.1 percent mainly because in becoming a politician more
people will pay more respect while in statement 8 if the relatives of the politician are highly successful,
surely they will give inspiration to the residents. In statement, nine most of the respondents were
undecided while in statement, 10 (Encouraging relatives to widen political connection) and 11(to get

27

closer to people) most of the respondents strongly disagree and in statement, 12(prepare myself for the
next election) most were undecided.
The researcher grouped overall the statements and it shows that, the barangay officials, agreed
that they encourage relatives in terms of power; most of these were in the statement encouraging relatives
to continue the plans for the barangay, in terms of influence 33.3% agree theyll encourage relatives to
seek in elective office more of these were in the state encouraging relatives to gain respect and giving
inspiration for the residents, in terms of organizational politics majority of the respondents were
undecided most of these were in the statement to gain favors from the city and to prepare himself for the
next election. If we will look overall at the determinants, most of the respondents were on the degree of
undecided or depends on the situation mainly because of the circumstances in which they might decide to
encourage their relatives to run.
Table 4.2
Correlation between Encouraging Reasons for Power, Influence and Organizational Policies vs. SDC of Monthly Allowance,
Family that has an experienced in public service, Relatives that serving in the barangay and Relatives that serving in the city.

Monthly Income

Power
Influence
Organizational
Politics

My family has an
experienced in public
service.

I have relatives
serving in the
barangay

I have relatives
serving in the city

Corr
.110
-.039

p-value
.561
.836

Corr
.206
.290

p-value
.229
.086

Corr
.180
.073

p-value
.293
.673

Corr
-.437**
-.383*

p-value
.008
.021

.001

.995

.403*

.015

.057

.741

-.408*

.014

The above table shows that among the various indicators used in the socio-demographic characteristics,
there is a significant relationship between the socio demographic characteristics and the determinants in
encouraging relatives to seek elective office.
First, data shows a trend that the respondents that answers that they have no relatives in the city has a
strong agreement in the three determinants. This significant relationship means that those barangay
officials without an elective official relative in the higher position are much motivated to encourage their
28

other relatives to seek elective positions other than those with known relatives. This shows that since they
have no influence or power in the higher officials, they opt to concentrate in their own barangays in
increasing their power and influence as well as widen their political base.
This situation is associated with the importance of barangay officials in local elections, with more power,
influence and organization in the barangay level; this will give them the bargaining power that is
necessary to secure grass root level votes.
Second, respondents with family that has experience in public service has a strong agreement with the
indicators in the organizational politics determinant. This significant relationship reveals a trend that
having exposure in public service gives more motivation to barangay officials to encourage their relatives.
This might be for the purpose of either gaining favors from the city officials and widening of political
connection in preparation to their future political bid.
This trend is associated with the Filipino culture that those who are nearer the kitchen receive more favors
than the others do.

29

Chapter V
Conclusions and Recommendations.
This chapter contains conclusions and recommendations of the researcher on the conceptual
definition of political dynasty.
Based on the results of this study most of the respondents were married and with ages ranging
from 41-60. Their professions are mostly farmers, because the locale of the study is a farming village,
earning a monthly income of 10,000 below since plurality of them are high school graduates, most served
the barangay from 4-19 years and their families have experienced in public service.
The study reveals that these indicators show no significant relationship with the determinants
encouraging relatives to seek elective office.
Most of the barangay officials have relatives serving also in the barangay and their relationship
were mostly cousins.
The study reveals the various responses of the barangay officials regarding their concept of
political dynasty, which was thematically interpreted by the researcher into three categories namely
family rule, public service and power.
Respondents that stated political dynasty as a form of family rule conceptualized political dynasty
as a family or group of persons related by blood or affiliation that hold various public offices
simultaneously or successively. Others perceived political dynasties as a form of public service stated that
political dynasty is a continuum in public service of a family member that is restricted by the term of
office prescribed by law and necessary to continue serving their constituents under one platform of
development. While other respondents conceptualize political dynasty as necessary evil to maintain
power within the family. They perceived political dynasty negatively because it promotes self-interest,
greed, and monopoly of power.
30

After the researcher got the concept of respondents barangay officials, he determines their stand
on the issue of political dynasty, most of the respondents states that political dynasties brought goodness
in their barangay especially if the leaders can fulfill their duties and having unity to serve. When it comes
to the prohibition of political dynasties most of the respondents agreed to prohibit political dynasties
significantly some of them has similar surname with the other officials stating that political dynasties
brought extreme corruption, conspiracy, self-interest and manipulation of power. From the respondents
that wanted to prohibit dynasties half of them wanted to prohibit it on the national level to give chance to
others and for the development of the country.
The study reveals that the various indicators used in the determinants in encouraging relatives to
seek elective office has a significant relationship between the socio demographic characteristics in terms
of having relatives in the city and family experienced in public office.
Having no relatives in the city has a strong agreement in the three determinants, the significant
relationship means that those barangay officials without an elective official relative in the higher position
are much motivated to encourage their other relatives to seek elective positions other than those with
known relatives since they have no influence or power in the higher officials, they opt to concentrate in
their own barangays in increasing their power and influence as well as widen their political base. With
more power, influence and organization in the barangay level; this will give them the bargaining power
that is necessary to secure grass root level votes.
While respondents with family that has, experience in public service has a strong agreement with
the indicators in the organizational politics determinant. This significant relationship reveals a trend that
having exposure in public service gives more motivation to barangay officials to encourage their relatives.
This might be for the purpose of either gaining favors from the city officials and widening of political

31

connection in preparation to their future political bid. This trend is associated with the Filipino culture
that those who are nearer the kitchen receive more favors than the others do.
Recommendations
1. The future study is recommended which has more respondents barangays other than four respondent
barangays.
2. Future studies should develop a 4-likert point scale to measure the reasons for encouraging relatives to
seek elective office.
3. Future studies should let the respondents define the various indicators on the determinants for
encouraging relatives to seek in public office.
4. The prevalence of political dynasty in the grassroots level call for the legislation to define and prohibit
political dynasty.

32

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(September 14, 2014).
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Baxter, Pamela and Susan Jack., Qualitative Case Study Methodology: Study Design and
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poverty: Resolving the chicken or the egg question. Aim Working Paper 13-017. Asian
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Matter in Local Services Delivery? Some Issues and Policy Options. DISCUSSION PAPER
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Center for Peoples Empowerment and Governance.2010.Barangay: Grassroots Democracy or Clan
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Cresswell, John.2003. Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method Approaches
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Hague, Rod and Martin Harrop.2004. Comparative Government and Politics. 6 th ed. New York: Palgrave
Macmillan
Kurtz, Donn M Jr.1989. "The Political Family: A Contemporary View, Sociological Perspectives 32 (3):
331 352.
Lagman, Edcel .2007. The Barangay: The Smallest yet Greatest Political Unit. Speech delivered at the the
2007 Oath Taking Ceremonies of Barangay Officials of the First Congressional District of Albay.
Lasswell, Harold, D. 1936. Politics Who Gets What, When and How. New York: Whittlesey house
Local Government Code of 1991
Magno, Francisco A. 2010(?). Participatory Local Governance and the Protection of Vulnerable
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City Planning and Development Office.2013.Muoz City Profile.
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Angeles, California. http://pclt.cis.yale.edu/leitner/resources/papers/Querubin_Term_Limits.pdf

(December 9, 2014).
Sunico, Rocky.2013. 0156E: Political Dynasties Are Bad For The Philippines. I Geek, Therefore I Am.
http://www.rockysunico.com/2013/04/0156e-political-dynasties-are-bad-for.html (December 9,
2014).
Valdeheusa, Manny.2010. Essential Attributes of the Barangay. October 8.
Yin,Robert. 1994. Case Study Research Design and Methods. California: Sage Publications.
Yusingco, Michael Henry.2012 (?). POLITICAL DYNASTIES: AN AFFRONT TO OUR HUMAN
RIGHTS. http://mhyusingco.wordpress.com/2014/06/30/political-dynasties-an-affront-to-ourhuman-rights (December 7, 2011)

35

APPENDICES

36

RUSSEL HAROLD P. SIROT

Mananaliksik
Panuto: Punan ang mga sumusunod na tanong.

I. SOSYO- DEMOGRAPIKONG KATANGIAN

1. Pangalan: ______________________________________________________________________
2. Edad: ______
________________________
4. Kasarian
5. Estadong Sibil:
____________

3. Barangay:

( ) Lalake

( ) Babae

( ) Walang Asawa

( ) May Asawa

Iba pa:

6. Posisyon sa Barangay: ________________________

7. Tagal ng paglilingkod Barangay: ____________
8. Antas ng Edukasyon:
(

) Elementarya

) Nagtapos ng Elementarya

) Hayskul

) Nagtapos ng Hayskul

) Kolehiyo

) Nagtapos ng Kolehiyo
(

) Vocational course

Iba pa: ____________

9. Hanapbuhay bukod sa pagiging barangay official: ________________________

10. Tinatayang Buwanang Kita: ________________________
11. May karanasan ang aking pamilya sa paglilingkod:
( ) Meron

( ) Wala

Kung meron, ano ang karanasan: ______________________

12. May mga kamaganak akong naglilingkod sa barangay:
( ) Meron

( ) Wala

Kung Meron ano ang relasyon mo sa kanila? ________________________

13. May mga kamaganak akong naglilingkod sa lungsod:
( ) Meron

( ) Wala

Kung Meron ano ang relasyon mo sa kanila? ____________________

37

II. MGA DAHILAN SA PAGHIKAYAT SA MGA KAMAGANAK NA TUMAKBO SA PULITIKA

Panuto: Basahin mabuti ang mga sumusunod na pangungusap at lagyan ng tsek ang napiling sagot gamit
ang mga sumusunod na panukat.
5- Lubos na Sumasangayon

3 Depende

4 - Sang- ayon

2- Hindi Sumasangayon

Indicators
1. Hinihikayat ang mga kamaganak tumakbo para sa puder sa
barangay.
2. Hinihikayat ang mga kamaganak tumakbo para baguhin ang
barangay.
3. Hinihikayat ang mga kamaganak tumakbo para
maipagpatuloy ang mga plano sa
barangay.
4. Hinihikayat ang mga kamaganak tumakbo para baguhin ang
katayuan ng mga kabarangay.
5. Hinihikayat ang mga kamaganak tumakbo para hikayatin ang
mga tao sa paniniwalang pulitikal.
6. Hinihikayat ang mga kamaganak para matutong mamuno.
7. Hinihikayat ang mga kamaganak para sa respeto.
8. Hinihikayat ang mga
kamaganak tumakbo para bigyan
inspirasyon ang mga taga
barangay.
9. Hinihikayat ang mga kamaganak na tumakbo para sa pabor
ng nanunungkulan sa munisipyo.
10. Hinihikayat ang mga kamaganak tumakbo para lumawak ang
koneksyong pulitikal
11. Hinihikayat ang mga kamaganak tumakbo mapalapit sa tao.
12. Hinihikayat ang mga kamaganak na tumakbo upang maihanda
ang sarili sa pagtakbo sa mga
susunod na eleksyon.

1- Lubos na Hindi Sumasangayon

38

Iba pa?
___________________________________________________________________________

38

III. KONSEPTO SA POLITICAL DYNASTY

1. Para sayo ano apakahulugan political dynasty?

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Nakakabuti ba ang political dynasty sa inyong barangay? ( ) Oo ( ) Hindi
Bakit?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. Dapat ba ipagbawal ang political dynasty? ( ) Oo ( ) Hindi
Bakit?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. Kung dapat ipagbabawal, saang lebel ng gobyern?
Barangay ( )

Probinsya ( )

Lungsod/Bayan( )

Nasyonal ( )

Bakit?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

39

Republic of the Philippines

CENTRAL LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Arts and Sciences
Science City of Muoz, Nueva Ecija

February 14, 2015

Mr. Jerry Fulgencio

Barangay Chairman
Cabisuculan, Science City of Muoz, Nueva Ecija

Sir:
Greetings!
I am a senior student of Central Luzon State University taking up Bachelor of Arts in Social Sciences. As
part of my course requirements for this degree, I am conducting my undergraduate thesis entitled
Conceptual Definition of Political Dynasties (Determinants in encouraging relatives to seek elective
office).
This study aims to know the concept of Political Dynasties among the select barangay officials. The
participants of the study are the barangay officials which includes elected and appointed officials.
In this regard, I am requesting your office to allow me to conduct data gathering in your barangay as the
locale of the study. Your support will ensure the accomplishment of our paper.
Thank you in advance.
Respectfully yours,

RUSSEL HAROLD P. SIROT

Student
Noted by

GIAN CARLO E. BUMANLAG

Adviser

40

Republic of the Philippines

CENTRAL LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Arts and Sciences
Science City of Muoz, Nueva Ecija

February 14, 2015

Mr. Carlito Cacho

Barangay Chairman
Matingkis, Science City of Muoz, Nueva Ecija

Sir:
Greetings!
I am a senior student of Central Luzon State University taking up Bachelor of Arts in Social Sciences. As
part of my course requirements for this degree, I am conducting my undergraduate thesis entitled
Conceptual Definition of Political Dynasties (Determinants in encouraging relatives to seek elective
office).
This study aims to know the concept of Political Dynasties among the select barangay officials. The
participants of the study are the barangay officials which includes elected and appointed officials.
In this regard, I am requesting your office to allow me to conduct data gathering in your barangay as the
locale of the study. Your support will ensure the accomplishment of our paper.
Thank you in advance.
Respectfully yours,

RUSSEL HAROLD P. SIROT

Student
Noted by

GIAN CARLO E. BUMANLAG

Advis

41

Republic of the Philippines

CENTRAL LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Arts and Sciences
Science City of Muoz, Nueva Ecija

February 14, 2015

Mr. Eduardo Juico

Barangay Chairman
San Antonio, Science City of Muoz, Nueva Ecija

Sir:
Greetings!
I am a senior student of Central Luzon State University taking up Bachelor of Arts in Social Sciences. As
part of my course requirements for this degree, I am conducting my undergraduate thesis entitled
Conceptual Definition of Political Dynasties (Determinants in encouraging relatives to seek elective
office)..
This study aims to know the concept of Political Dynasties among the select barangay officials. The
participants of the study are the barangay officials which includes the elected and appointed officials.
In this regard, I am requesting your office to allow me to conduct data gathering in your barangay as the
locale of the study. Your support will ensure the accomplishment of our paper.
Thank you in advance.
Respectfully yours,

RUSSEL HAROLD P. SIROT

Student
Noted by

GIAN CARLO E. BUMANLAG

Adviser

42

Republic of the Philippines

CENTRAL LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Arts and Sciences
Science City of Muoz, Nueva Ecija

February 14, 2015

Mr. Mario Ulpindo

Barangay Chairman
Naglabrahan, Science City of Muoz, Nueva Ecija

Sir:
Greetings!

I am a senior student of Central Luzon State University taking up Bachelor of Arts in Social Sciences. As
part of my course requirements for this degree, I am conducting my undergraduate thesis entitled
Conceptual Definition of Political Dynasties (Determinants in encouraging relatives to seek elective
office).
This study aims to know the concept of Political Dynasties among the select barangay officials. The
participants of the study are the barangay officials which includes elected and appointed officials.
In this regard, I am requesting your office to allow me to conduct data gathering in your barangay as the
locale of the study. Your support will ensure the accomplishment of our paper.
Thank you in advance.
Respectfully yours,

RUSSEL HAROLD P. SIROT

Student
Noted by

GIAN CARLO E. BUMANLAG

Adviser

43

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