Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A
lot
of
us
have
made
mistakes,
some
of
us
have
gotten
results
out
of
spite,
not
because
what
we
did
was
optimal,
some
of
us
have
just
flat
out
tried
everything
and
are
still
scratching
our
heads
in
confusion.
Then
theres
those
who
really
dont
give
a
damn
and
just
eat
whatever
the
hell
they
want
and
will
literally
think
theyre
building
pure
muscle
mass,
but
not
realize
they
also
have
a
huge
Good
Year
tire
around
their
waist.
If
you
are
really
looking
to
gain
muscle
mass
with
minimal
excess
fat
gains,
then
you
really
need
to
have
a
strategic
plan
for
your
off-season
diet.
You
should
plan
on
being
patient,
consistent
day
in
and
day
out
with
your
nutrition
program
and
work
your
ass
off
in
the
gym.
If
any
of
these
are
lacking
in
your
plan,
no
amount
of
work
in-season
can
undo
a
lazy
offseason.
With
all
that
said,
lets
get
into
how
you
can
gain
lean
body
mass
without
the
Good
Year
tire.
If
you
are
not
patient
and
tend
to
jump
the
gun
and
add
in
too
many
calories,
well
youre
setting
yourself
up
to
gain
excessive
adipose
tissue.
Cyclical
Bulking
Dude
youre
never
gonna
get
jacked
if
you
try
to
stay
lean
all
year
round.
You
have
to
eat
everything
in
sight
bro!
Please
tell
us
youve
heard
someone
at
your
gym
or
local
gurus
say
this?
Typically
the
people
that
say
this,
are
the
ones
that
dont
care
about
putting
on
excess
fat
during
the
off-season
and
thats
completely
fine,
but
we
know
that
we
and
most
of
you
like
to
look
like
bodybuilders
year
round.
With
that
said,
adding
a
bunch
of
excess
body
fat
will
mean
that
you
have
to
diet
longer
and
harder
to
get
rid
of
it
come
pre-contest,
leading
to
more
muscle
loss
during
your
diet,
dealing
with
loose
skin,
and
reversing
whatever
extra
muscle
you
might
have
gained
by
eating
like
an
offensive
lineman.
Excess
body
fat
can
also
have
negative
metabolic
effects.
Research
is
showing
that
adipose
tissue
(fat)
is
not
just
an
inert
storage
tissue.
Adipose
secretes
its
own
hormones
and
cytokines
(called
adipokines)
which
can
have
numerous
metabolic
effects.
Several
adipokines
secreted
from
adipose
like
TNF-?
can
reduce
insulin
sensitivity
in
other
tissues
like
muscle.
Not
only
is
this
going
to
make
it
easier
for
body
fat
to
accumulate
but
it
may
hamper
your
ability
to
benefit
from
the
anabolic
and
anti-
catabolic
effects
of
insulin.
So
its
pretty
safe
to
say
that
eating
everything
in
sight
type
of
approach
isnt
the
ideal
strategy
you
want
to
use.
Over
the
past
years
we
have
found
Dr.
Layne
Nortons
cyclical
bulking
method
to
be
very
effective
at
increasing
lean
body
mass
while
limiting
fat
gain.
Essentially,
cyclical
bulking
consists
of
anywhere
from
4-8
months
of
bulking
mixed
with
6-18
week
bouts
of
cutting.
Now,
please
keep
in
mind
that
these
are
just
general
time
frames
and
this
will
all
depend
on
the
individual.
It
all
depends
on
how
fast
your
body
starts
putting
on
excess
fat
during
the
bulk
phase
and
how
much
excess
adipose
tissue
you
want
to
lose
during
the
cut
phase.
Now,
you
are
probably
reading
this
and
saying
why
the
hell
would
I
even
try
that?
By
cycling
your
bulking
and
cutting
protocols
you
can
take
advantage
of
various
metabolic
swings
that
occur
in
response
to
bulking
and
cutting
and
optimize
your
bodys
response
to
each.
When
you
first
begin
cutting
after
a
bulk
you
are
in
a
prime
position
to
drop
body
fat
as
there
are
several
factors
working
in
your
favor.
Your
metabolic
rate
is
elevated
from
being
in
a
caloric
surplus
as
your
levels
of
T3,
leptin,
and
other
hormones
that
deal
with
metabolic
rate
and
fat
oxidation
are
all
elevated
in
response
to
a
caloric
surplus
in
order
to
deal
with
disposal
of
all
the
calories
youve
been
eating.
When
you
start
dropping
calories
during
a
cut,
you
rapidly
drop
fat
because
all
these
factors
are
still
elevated
and
your
metabolic
rate
is
through
the
roof
and
burning
calories
like
no
other!
But,
after
a
few
months
the
body
will
begin
adapting
to
the
reduction
in
calories
by
reducing
T3,
leptin
and
other
factors
which
will
in
turn
cause
the
metabolic
rate
to
plummet.
Also,
fat
loss
grinds
to
a
halt
and
thats
usually
a
good
indication
that
its
time
to
start
bulking
again.
Athlete:
Erik
Fankhouser
Diet
Information
The
diet
that
one
follows
for
their
off-season
will
play
a
huge
role
in
determining
their
muscle
mass
gains.
A
person
can
lift
7
days
a
week
and
have
the
sexiest
training
protocol
but
if
they
dont
have
a
proper
nutrition
plan
to
follow
then
theyre
not
going
to
fully
maximize
the
potential
results
they
can
attain.
To
design
a
proper
nutrition
protocol
you
should
give
yourself
adequate
time
to
slowly
gain
the
necessary
muscle
mass
to
achieve
that
aforementioned
lean
muscular
look.
If
youre
not
realistic
with
the
adequate
time
youre
giving
yourself
you
are
likely
going
to
put
on
more
fat
than
muscle.
So
what
kind
of
nutrition
plan
should
you
follow
youre
asking?
When
the
body
is
in
a
caloric
surplus
(bulking
state),
it
is
very
easy
to
put
on
body
fat
although
a
calorie
surplus
is
needed
to
gain
muscle
mass.
When
in
a
calorie
surplus,
it
needs
to
be
controlled
through
adding
calories
each
week
slowly
(slow
bulking)
to
avoid
extra
fat
accumulation.
Also,
spacing
and
timing
your
meals
correctly
are
imperative
to
your
success
in
gaining
muscle
mass.
Before
getting
into
more
details
about
the
proper
nutrition
program,
its
important
to
discuss
the
three
macronutrients
and
their
roles.
Protein
Protein
will
be
a
very
dynamic
macronutrient
in
your
diet,
its
so
powerful
that
when
consumed,
it
will
activate
muscle
protein
synthesis
(percentage
of
muscle
tissue
protein
renewed
each
day)
from
leucine
content.
The
majority
of
energy
used
to
provide
ATP
for
muscle
protein
turnover
comes
from
the
oxidation
of
fat,
as
this
is
the
preferred
energy
substrate
of
muscle
at
rest.
Therefore,
a
focus
on
maximizing
the
muscle
synthetic
response
with
~10g
of
EAA
may
decrease
a
persons
body
fat
by
increasing
their
resting
energy
expenditure
from
the
increased
lean
mass.
Protein
distribution
The
way
you
will
distribute
protein
throughout
the
day
will
play
a
key
role
to
enhancing
muscle
mass.
A
study
done
by
Norton
et
al.
Shows
that
an
even
distribution
of
protein
(30g
per
meal
at
breakfast,
lunch,
and
dinner)
caused
greater
muscle
gains
over
an
11-week
period
than
the
same
total
amount
of
protein
distributed
unevenly
(10g
at
breakfast,
20g
at
lunch,
and
60g
at
dinner).
The
conclusion
showed
that
protein
distribution
is
a
critical
factor
in
determining
the
efficiency
of
protein
use
for
muscle
anabolism.
So,
when
you
set
up
your
protein
distribution
throughout
the
day
we
highly
suggest
keeping
protein
feedings
consistent
throughout
each
meal.
An
example
would
look
like
200g
protein
a
day
through
4
meals
is
50g
at
each
meal.
Carbohydrates
The
main
purpose
of
carbohydrates
is
to
provide
energy
and
fuel
for
the
body.
Some
people
are
very
carb
happy,
meaning
they
can
burn
through
carbohydrates
and
not
gain
a
pound
of
fat
and
then
theres
those
that
are
carb
sensitive,
meaning
their
body
has
a
hard
time
burning
carbs
and
thus
leading
to
fat
storage.
Carbs
are
very
important
for
providing
the
body
with
energy
and
essential
for
gaining
muscle
mass.
Carbohydrates
have
probably
gotten
the
worst
reputation
of
the
macronutrients
due
to
eating
excessive
amounts
leading
to
excess
adipose
tissue.
Some
of
this
is
true,
but
when
in
a
caloric
surplus
we
feel
that
carbohydrates
need
to
be
as
high
as
possible
without
excess
fat
gain
and
insulin
sensitivity
needs
to
be
taken
advantage
of
at
the
right
times.
Carbs
are
going
to
be
very
variable
depending
upon
total
calorie
intake
and
insulin
sensitivity.
Some
individuals
will
be
able
to
tolerate
carbs
better
than
others,
so
it
really
depends
on
how
healthy
your
metabolism
is.
If
you
damage
your
metabolism
severely
then
it
doesnt
matter
about
your
body
type.
Fats
Fats
are
the
most
energy-dense
macronutrient
(9
kcals/gram)
and
they
provide
many
of
the
bodys
tissues
and
organs
with
most
of
their
energy.
Fat
is
the
most
critical
macronutrient
to
optimize
hormonal
functions
(i.e.,
testosterone,
libido,
etc).
Fats
are
also
essential
for
building
muscle,
reducing
cortisol
levels,
providing
energy
and
assisting
the
body
in
functioning
properly.
The
main
hormone
that
we
are
interested
in
elevating
through
fat
consumption
is
testosterone.
It
is
vital
that
you
arent
deficient
in
dietary
fat
or
it
will
impair
hormone
production.
your
body
metabolizes
better
through
carbohydrates
or
fats
because
it
will
be
up
to
you
to
play
the
trial
and
error
game.
Several
studies
concluded
that
diets
low
in
fat
(under
15%
of
total
calories)
significantly
decreased
testosterone
levels
while
diets
higher
in
fat
(above
30%
of
total
calories)
increased
serum
testosterone
levels.
To
make
things
easier
for
you,
it
seems
that
one
should
not
lower
fat
below
15%
of
daily
calories
unless
they
would
like
to
see
their
testosterone
levels
plummet.
On
the
contrary,
you
should
not
increase
fat
to
over
40%
in
order
to
increase
testosterone.
But
again,
this
is
just
a
rough
estimation
and
you
have
to
try
things
out
for
your
body.
You
might
be
able
to
go
over
40%
and
make
solid
gains
or
you
might
start
adding
fat.
Although
fat
increases
testosterone
to
a
degree,
it
is
important
to
remember
that
testosterone
is
only
a
small
piece
of
the
larger
pie.
There
are
many
other
hormones
and
factors
involved
in
building
muscle
other
than
just
testosterone.
By
increasing
fat
to
extremely
high
levels,
there
will
be
less
space
for
carbohydrates
and
protein,
both
of
which
are
very
important
for
building
muscle
mass.
Just
be
sure
not
to
look
at
consuming
fat
in
a
linear
fashion,
as
moderation
is
the
key
to
everything
in
life.
Athlete:
Noemi
Olah
Fiber
Fiber
is
a
complex
carbohydrate
made
up
of
non-starch
polysaccharides,
resistant
starches,
and
cellulose.
Fiber
tends
to
sit
longer
in
your
GI
(Gastrointestinal)
which
pulls
fluids
into
the
area.
Thats
normally
a
good
thing
because
it
makes
you
feel
fuller.
A
carbohydrate
with
less
fiber
will
be
digested
more
rapidly
and
not
pull
water
in
your
GI
like
something
heavier
would
with
a
lot
of
fiber.
Fiber
also
helps
with
digestive
health,
increases
thermogenesis
and
thus
helps
with
fat
loss
and
it
produces
short
chain
fatty
acids
through
fermentation
in
the
colon
and
these
have
several
beneficial
metabolic
effects.
Nutrient
Timing
Nutrient
timing
is
a
crucial
aspect
during
a
caloric
surplus.
Every
calorie
counts
each
and
every
day
and
nutrient
timing
takes
consistency.
One
must
consistently
spread
their
macronutrients
out
and
get
a
good
balance
of
them
in
each
meal
or
as
we
said
earlier,
hit
your
daily
numbers
as
accurate
as
possible.
Pre
and
post
workout
meals
are
going
to
be
your
money
makers.
While
in
a
caloric
surplus
its
best
to
get
the
majority
of
your
daily
carbs
around
your
pre
and
post
workout
meals.
Why?
You
want
more
carbs
for
energy
during
an
intense
training
bout,
also
carbs
are
protein
and
muscle
sparing
during
exercise
and
because
they
are
a
cause
of
insulin
release.
We
all
know
insulin
happens
to
be
one
of
the
most
anabolic
and
anti-catabolic
hormones
in
the
human
body.
Post
workout
you
want
more
carbs
as
well
because
you
want
to
replenish
all
of
the
glycogen
you
depleted
during
your
workout
and
for
proper
recovery
and
to
maximize
muscle
protein
synthesis
(muscle
growth).
Cribbs
et
al.
says
it
has
been
suggested
that
the
consumption
of
a
protein-carbohydrate
supplement
immediately
before
and
after
resistance
exercise
may
provide
the
ideal
anabolic
conditions
for
muscle
growth.
Also,
Campbell
et
al.
Indicates
that
timed
ingestion
of
protein/essential
amino
acids,
and
carbohydrates
are
best
for
replenishing
skeletal
muscle
glycogen,
reducing
muscle
soreness,
and
rates
of
protein
degradation,
inducing
a
positive
net
protein
balance
and
amplifying
strength
and
muscle
mass
gains.
Therefore
it
is
critical
that
one
consumes
protein
and
carbs
post
workout
in
order
to
induce
muscle
mass,
but
were
not
saying
that
you
have
to
bring
your
post
workout
meal
with
you
to
the
gym
and
eat
it
immediately
after
your
last
rep.
Just
keep
in
mind
that
you
need
to
have
protein
and
carbs
at
some
point
post
workout.
Athlete:
Lazar
Angelov
Meal
Frequency
When
it
comes
to
meal
frequency
we
are
well
aware
of
the
fact
that
there
are
many
arguments
floating
around
and
everyone
has
their
own
biased
opinion
on
how
many
meals
and
how
often
one
should
eat.
Research
shows
if
you
eat
too
frequently,
it
could
be
counterproductive
for
overall
anabolism.
Studies
also
show
that
muscle
protein
synthesis
after
a
meal
lasts
up
to
3
hours
and
amino
acid
levels
stay
elevated
up
to
5
hours.
So,
you
are
better
off
waiting
longer
between
meals
and
having
bigger
doses
of
protein.
This
seems
to
be
better
for
muscle
protein
synthesis.
When
you
constantly
try
and
elevate
amino
acids
through
meal
frequency,
(having
6-8
meals
a
day)
overtime
your
body
becomes
less
sensitive
to
the
anabolic
effects
of
amino
acids.
Where
if
you
do
larger
protein
doses
and
separate
apart
your
meals
longer
(4-5
hours),
when
the
next
dose
of
protein
comes,
then
your
body
will
be
more
sensitive
to
the
amino
acids
thus
leading
to
greater
anabolic
effects.
Also,
when
you
constantly
eat
every
2-3
hours
your
body
is
depending
on
a
glucose
spike.
This
could
lead
to
glucose
sensitivity
being
low
because
of
the
constant
meal
frequency.
It
is
much
better
to
eat
every
4-5
hours
because
your
glucose
levels
will
be
more
sensitive.
It
takes
at
least
3-4
days
of
fairly
strict
dieting
to
impact
on
metabolic
rate
(and
some
work
on
fasting
shows
that
metabolic
rate
goes
up
acutely
during
the
first
72
hours
of
fasting);
a
single
meal
means
nothing.
You
will
not
go
into
starvation
mode
because
you
went
more
than
3
hours
without
a
meal.
Nor
will
your
muscles
fall
off
as
an
average
sized
food
meal
takes
4-6
hours
to
fully
digest
(still
releasing
nutrients
into
the
bloodstream).
Like
many
areas
of
nutritional
science,
there
is
no
universal
consensus
regarding
the
effects
of
meal
frequency
on
body
composition,
body
weight,
markers
of
health
and
metabolism,
nitrogen
retention,
and
satiety.
Do
what
you
feel
is
right
and
what
works
for
your
body.
Trial
and
error
will
be
your
best
bet.
Cooking
in
bulk
We
hear
so
many
excuses
each
and
every
day
that
by
now
we
could
have
written
a
book
on
them.
In
a
nutshell,
the
bottom
line
is
how
bad
to
you
want
it?
What
are
you
willing
to
sacrifice?
If
you
cannot
sacrifice
time
out
of
your
day
to
prep
a
meal
than
how
do
you
expect
to
achieve
results.
A
very
good
method
we
use
and
were
sure
many
people
do
this
as
well,
is
cooking
in
bulks.
Each
Sunday
evening
we
sweat
away
in
the
kitchen
cooking
our
meats,
pasta,
yams,
rice,
and
whatever
else
we
want
to
eat
for
the
week.
Why
do
we
do
this
you
ask?
Well,
for
starters
it
beats
having
to
cook
five
meals
a
day
and
10
instead
we
can
just
measure
it
out,
put
it
in
tupper
wear
and
nuke
it.
Its
time
consuming
and
this
works
for
us,
plain
and
simple.
Cooking
in
bulk
is
especially
great
if
you
are
pressed
for
time
every
day,
this
will
be
a
life
saver,
each
night
you
put
your
meals
in
tupper
wear
and
boom
theyre
ready
to
go
for
the
next
day.
Try
this
method
if
you
already
havent,
we
promise
this
will
make
bulking
season
and
life
that
much
easier.
Athlete:
Kelechi
Opara
Photography:
Jason
Mathis
- Bodyweight x 13 or 14
- Bodyweight x 16, 17 or 18
-
Bodyweight
x
15
Once
you
have
your
baseline
total
daily
calories
you
can
start
figuring
out
your
bulking
and
cutting
macros
11
- Cutting Phase:
- Cutting Phase:
- Cutting Phase:
Macronutrient
sources
Protein:
12
Carbohydrates:
Beans
Sweet
potatoes
Low
fat
popcorn
Veggies
Fruits
(limit
2-3
servings
per
day)
Whole
bread
and
Sprouted
wheat
(Ezekiel)
Brown
rice
Bran
cereals
Whole
wheat
pastas
Fats:
Egg
yolks
Nuts
(almonds,
peanuts,
walnuts,
ect)
Olive
oil
Avocado
Fish
(salmon
preferably)
Flax
seed
oil
Omega
3
(fish
oil
capsules)
Primrose
oil
All
other
fat
should
come
from
your
carb
and
protein
intake.
13