Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CONTENTS
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
1. APPLICABLE STANDARDS
2. DESIGN CONDITIONS
3-5
3. DESIGN CRITERIA
6-8
10 - 11
12 - 13
-1-
1. APPLICABLE STANDARDS
The following Standards are to be applied on the design of transmission line towers.
<Angles>
JIS G3101 SS400
JIS G3101 SS540
<Plates>
JIS G3101 SS400
ASTM A572 Gr50
Mechanical
Mechanical
Mechanical
Mechanical
-2-
2. DESIGN CONDITIONS
2-1. TYPES
Tower Family
OF TOWER
The following type of towers to be designed under this project.
Type of Tower
Application for
Double Circuit
Range of
horizontal
angle deviation
(degrees)
Ruling
Span
(m)
Wind Span
(m)
Weight Span
(m)
DA
Suspension
0-1
430
440
550
LDA
0-1
430
650
1300
DB
Tension
0 - 15
430
440
550
DC
Tension
0 - 30
430
440
550
DD
Tension
0 - 60
430
440
550
DE
Tension
0 - 90
430
440
550
DDE
Deadend
0+Deadend
430
220
300
Deadend
0 - 45
430
330
450
Transposition
0-1
430
440
550
DT
Type of Tower
Body Extensions
Double Circuit
7m
3m
4m
5m
6m
7m
8m
9m
DA
LDA
DB
DC
DD
DE
DDE
1.15
1.00
Strength Factor ()
Suspension tower
Tension / Deadend tower
-3-
0.92
1.09
0.79
1.27
EDL-Laos 230kV Louang Prabang
Unit
Conductor
GSW
OPGW
(24Cores)
1272 MCM
50
50
ACSR/GA
GSW
AL
42x4.42
ST
7x2.46
7x3.048
Diameter
mm
33.91
9.144
10.50
Area
mm
677.77
51.05
50.00
Weight
kg/m
2.040
0.406
0.350
kg
14,050
4,900
4,900
Description
Nominal size
mm
Material
Stranding
Ultimate strength
mm
mm
Double
2x16
2992
1752
Single
16
2842
1752
Double
2x17
3692
1862
Single
17
3242
1862
Minimum Clearance
Minimum clearance
a) From still air to 13 swing of insulator set
2362 mm.
800 mm.
800 mm.
(m)
Streets/highways
10.00
8.40
8.40
11.50
Telecomemunication kines
5.20
3.50
4.30
5.80
-4-
additional unbalanced longitudinal loadsact on any wire attachment points, depending on the type of towers, as
Suspension Tower :
Unbalanced longitudinal loads equal to 100% of thetension in the shield wire or 70 % of the ten
in the conductor act onany one attachment point.
Tension / Deadend Tower : Unbalanced longitudinal loads equal to100% of the tension in the shield wire and the conducto
act on twoattachment points of shield wire, or any two attachment points ofconductor,
or combination of any one attachment point of shield wireand conductor.
(3) Construction and Maintenance Loading
All wires intact at 4 c, initial wire tension. Wind pressure of 25 kg / m2 act on shield wires,
20 kg / m2 on conductors, 77 kg / m2 on tower and insulators. Wind blowing are perpendicular to line.
additional vertical and unbalanced longitudinal loads act onany wire attachment points, depending on the type of towers,
as indicatedbelow :
Suspension Tower :
100 % of vertical load and and 50 % of wire tension.
Tension / Deadend Tower : 150 % of vertical load and 100 % of wiretension.
(4) High Intensity Loading ( Severe Wind : 90 Transverse - 45 Angular - 0Longitudinal )
All wires intact at 25 c, final wire tension.Wind pressure of 825 kg / m2 act on tower and insulators, with no wind
on shield wires and conductors. Wind blowing are in any direction, i.e. 90, 45,0 to line.
(5) Uplift Loads
For all tension / deadend towers : Normal vertical loads (additional verticalloads will be irrelevant), in all loading cases,
act upwards.
Tower design shall be performed according to ASCE Manuals and Reports onEngineering Practice No.52
Guide for Design of Steel Transmission Towers, unless otherwise specified.
-5-
3. DESIGN CRITERIA
The structural members and connection bolts are to be determined in accordance with ASCE standard
Design of latticed steel transmission structures (ASCE 10-97)
The section properties of angle members applied to the tower design are stated in ANNEX 1.
3-1. MATERIALS
The qualities of material for angle members, plates, the grades of bolts and nuts are as follows.
ANGLE MEMBERS
PLATES
BOLTS
NUTS
JIS G3101
JIS G3101
JIS B1051
JIS B1052
The minimum tensile strength and yield stress of members using tower design are as follows.
MATERIALS
ANGLE MEMBERS
PLATES
BOLTS
where
GRADE
SS400
t16
SS400 16< t 40
SS540
t 16
SS540 16< t 40
SS400
t16
SS400 16< t 40
A572 Gr.50
Gr. 5.8
Gr. 6.8
Fu
N/mm2
400
400
540
540
400
400
450
520
600
Fy
N/mm2
245
235
400
390
245
235
345
420
480
-6-
6mm
5mm
4mm
4.5mm
L40x40x4
11m
2
1
16mm
16mm
120
200
250
375
Fc
Ft
Fb
Fs
Fp
=
=
=
=
=
1.00 Fy
1.00 Fy *1
1.00 Fy
0.62 Fu
1.5 Fu
-7-
Grade
JIS B1051 Gr. 5.8
JIS B1051 Gr. 6.8
JIS B1051 Gr. 6.8
Bolt
Diameter
Minimum
Maximum
16
20
24
40
50
60
160
200
240
-8-
24
30
36
ANNEX 1
DIMENSION AND SECTION PROPERTIES FOR DESIGN
SECTIONAL CALCULA- CENTER OF
MOMENT OF INERTIA RADIUS OF GYRATION
AREA
TED WT
GRAVITY
DIMENSION
A=B
mm
40
40
45
50
45
60
50
50
60
65
60
65
70
75
80
90
90
100
100
90
120
100
130
130
150
150
175
150
175
200
200
200
250
250
t
mm
4
5
4
4
5
4
5
6
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
8
10
8
10
9
12
11
12
12
15
15
15
20
25
25
35
r
mm
4.5
4.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
8.5
6.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
10
10
10
10
10
12
10
12
12
14
14
15
14
15
17
17
17
24
24
A
cm2
3.080
3.755
3.492
3.892
4.302
4.692
4.802
5.644
5.802
6.367
6.892
7.527
8.127
8.727
9.327
10.55
12.22
13.62
15.42
17.00
18.76
19.00
22.74
29.76
32.00
34.77
40.52
42.74
50.21
57.75
76.00
93.75
119.4
162.6
W
kg/m
2.42
2.95
2.74
3.06
3.38
3.68
3.77
4.43
4.55
5.00
5.41
5.91
6.38
6.85
7.32
8.28
9.59
10.7
12.1
13.3
14.7
14.9
17.9
23.4
25.1
27.3
31.8
33.6
39.4
45.3
59.7
73.6
93.7
128
Cx=Cy
cm
1.12
1.17
1.24
1.37
1.28
1.61
1.41
1.44
1.66
1.77
1.70
1.81
1.93
2.06
2.18
2.42
2.46
2.71
2.75
2.57
3.24
2.82
3.53
3.64
4.10
4.14
4.73
4.24
4.85
5.46
5.67
5.86
7.10
7.45
Ix=Iy
cm4
4.47
5.42
6.50
9.06
7.91
16.0
11.1
12.6
19.6
25.3
23.0
29.4
37.1
46.1
56.4
80.7
93.0
129
145
125
258
175
366
467
684
740
1170
888
1440
2180
2820
3420
6950
9110
Iv
cm4
1.85
2.25
2.70
3.76
3.29
6.62
4.58
5.23
8.09
10.5
9.51
12.2
15.3
19.0
23.2
33.4
38.3
53.2
59.4
51.7
106
72.0
150
192
281
304
480
365
589
891
1160
1410
2860
3790
ix=iy
cm
1.21
1.20
1.36
1.53
1.36
1.85
1.52
1.50
1.84
1.99
1.83
1.98
2.14
2.30
2.46
2.77
2.76
3.08
3.06
2.71
3.71
3.04
4.01
3.96
4.62
4.61
5.38
4.56
5.35
6.14
6.09
6.04
7.63
7.49
iv
cm
0.780
0.774
0.880
0.983
0.874
1.19
0.976
0.963
1.18
1.28
1.17
1.27
1.37
1.48
1.58
1.78
1.77
1.98
1.96
1.74
2.38
1.95
2.57
2.54
2.96
2.96
3.44
2.92
3.42
3.93
3.90
3.88
4.90
4.83
MODULUS
w/t LIMIT
OF
SECTION
Sx=Sy
cm3
1.55
1.91
2.00
2.49
2.46
3.66
3.08
3.55
4.52
5.35
5.36
6.26
7.33
8.47
9.70
12.3
14.2
17.7
19.9
19.5
29.5
24.4
38.7
49.9
62.8
68.1
91.8
82.6
114
150
197
242
388
519
w/t
7.88
6.10
8.63
9.88
6.70
12.38
7.70
6.25
9.70
10.30
7.92
8.42
9.25
10.08
10.92
12.33
10.43
11.86
10.25
7.00
12.50
8.00
12.11
8.83
11.36
10.33
12.33
8.07
9.67
11.20
8.15
6.32
8.04
5.46
NOTES;
For the symbols shown in the above table, refer to the below figure.
iv
ix
iu
X
t
Cx
iu
iy
B
Cy
V
X
-9-
ANNEX 2
ULTIMATE CAPACITIES OF TENSION MEMBERS
FOR MEMBERS CONNECTED BY ONE LEG
DIAMETER OF
BOLT (mm)
16
NOS. OF
DEDUCTED HOLE
STANDARDS AND
STEEL GRADES
(UNIT: kN)
20
1
JIS
SS400
2
JIS
SS540
JIS
SS400
24
JIS
SS540
JIS
SS400
JIS
SS540
JIS
SS400
JIS
SS540
JIS
SS400
JIS
SS540
JIS
SS400
JIS
SS540
180.60
80.90
132.00
L 50 4
69.10
112.80
52.30
85.40
L 45 5
73.90
120.70
53.00
86.50
L 60 4
86.70
141.60
69.90
114.20
83.20
135.80
62.90
102.70
L 50 5
84.90
138.70
64.00
104.50
L 50 6
99.30
162.10
74.20
121.10
L 60 5
107.00
174.70
86.00
140.50
102.60
167.50
77.20
126.10
L 65 5
119.40
195.00
98.50
160.80
115.00
187.80
89.70
146.40
110.60
L 40 4
51.20
83.50
34.40
56.20
L 40 5
61.90
101.00
40.90
66.80
L 45 4
60.20
98.40
43.50
71.00
L 65 6
140.80
229.90
115.70
188.90
135.50
221.30
105.10
171.60
130.20
212.70
94.50
154.30
L 70 6
154.10
251.50
128.90
210.50
148.80
242.90
118.30
193.20
143.50
234.30
107.80
175.90
L 75 6
167.30
273.10
142.20
232.10
162.00
264.50
131.60
214.80
156.70
255.90
121.00
197.50
L 80 6
180.50
294.70
155.40
253.70
175.20
286.10
144.80
236.40
169.90
277.50
134.20
219.10
L 90 6
207.50
338.80
182.40
297.70
202.20
330.10
171.80
280.40
196.90
321.50
161.20
263.20
L 90 7
240.10
392.00
210.80
344.20
234.00
382.00
198.50
324.00
227.80
371.90
186.10
303.80
L 100 7
271.00
442.40
241.70
394.60
264.80
432.40
229.30
374.40
258.60
422.30
217.00
354.20
L 100 8
306.50
500.40
273.00
445.70
299.40
488.90
258.90
422.60
292.40
477.40
244.80
399.60
L 90 10
333.00
543.60
291.10
475.20
324.10
529.20
273.40
446.40
315.30
514.80
255.80
417.60
L 120 8
380.10
620.60
346.60
565.90
373.10
609.10
332.50
542.90
366.00
597.60
318.40
519.80
L 100 10
377.10
615.60
335.20
547.20
368.20
601.20
317.50
518.40
359.40
586.80
299.90
489.60
L 130 9
463.70
757.10
426.00
695.50
455.80
744.10
410.10
669.60
447.80
731.20
394.30
643.70
L 130 12
605.90
989.30
555.70
907.20
595.40
972.00
534.50
872.60
584.80
954.70
513.30
838.10
L 150 12
716.40
1169.60
666.10
1087.60
705.80
1152.40
645.00
1053.00
695.20
1135.10
623.80
1018.40
L 175 12
843.20
1376.60
792.90
1294.60
832.60
1359.40
771.80
1260.00
822.00
1342.10
750.60
1225.40
L 150 15
879.60
1436.00
816.70
1333.40
866.30
1414.40
790.30
1290.20
853.10
1392.80
763.80
1247.00
L 175 15
1044.30
1705.00
981.40
1602.40
1031.10
1683.40
955.00
1559.20
1017.80
1661.80
928.50
1516.00
L 200 15
1210.50
1976.40
1147.70
1873.80
1197.30
1954.80
1121.20
1830.60
1184.10
1933.20
1094.80
1787.40
L 200 20
1527.00
2534.20
1446.70
2400.80
1510.10
2506.10
1412.80
2344.70
1493.20
2478.10
1379.00
2288.50
L 200 25
1882.40
3123.90
1781.90
2957.20
1861.20
3088.80
1739.60
2887.00
1840.10
3053.70
1697.30
2816.80
L 250 25
2424.80
4024.20
2324.40
3857.50
2403.70
3989.10
2282.10
3787.30
2382.50
3954.00
2239.80
3717.10
L 250 35
3298.30
5473.80
3157.70
5240.40
3268.70
5424.70
3098.50
5142.20
3239.10
5375.60
3039.30
5043.90
Notes;
1 Minimum Yield Stress, Fy
JIS G3101 SS400 Fy = 245 N/mm2(t 16) , Fy = 235 N/mm2(16< t 40)
JIS G3101 SS540 Fy = 400 N/mm2(t 16) , Fy = 390 N/mm2(16< t 40)
2 Minimum Tensile Strength, Ft
For members connected by both legs Ft = Fy
For members connected by single leg Ft =0.9 x Fy
3 Net Sections are calculated as follows.
Net Section = Gross Area - N x D x t
Where; N : The numbers of deducted holes
D : The diameter of holes given by the nominal diameter of bolts
+ the clearance of bolts(3.0mm for M16 , M20 and M24 bolts)
t : Thickness of members
4 For Gross Area , Refer to ANNEX 1
- 10 -
ANNEX 2
ULTIMATE CAPACITIES OF TENSION MEMBERS
FOR MEMBERS CONNECTED BY BOTH LEGS
DIAMETER OF
BOLT (MM)
(UNIT: kN)
16
NOS. OF
DEDUCTED HOLE
20
24
STANDARDS AND
STEEL GRADES
JIS
SS400
JIS
SS540
JIS
SS400
JIS
SS540
JIS
SS400
JIS
SS540
JIS
SS400
JIS
SS540
JIS
SS400
JIS
SS540
JIS
SS400
JIS
SS540
L 40 4
L 60 5
95.60
156.10
72.30
118.10
85.80
140.10
57.60
94.10
L 65 5
109.40
178.70
86.20
140.70
99.60
162.70
71.50
116.70
89.80
146.70
56.80
92.70
106.70
L 40 5
L 45 4
L 50 4
L 45 5
L 60 4
L 50 5
L 50 6
L 65 6
128.60
209.90
100.60
164.30
116.80
190.70
83.00
135.50
105.00
171.50
65.30
L 70 6
143.30
233.90
115.30
188.30
131.50
214.70
97.70
159.50
119.70
195.50
80.00
130.70
L 75 6
158.00
257.90
130.00
212.30
146.20
238.70
112.40
183.50
134.40
219.50
94.70
154.70
L 80 6
172.70
281.90
144.70
236.30
160.90
262.70
127.10
207.50
149.10
243.50
109.40
178.70
L 90 6
202.60
330.80
174.70
285.20
190.90
311.60
157.00
256.40
179.10
292.40
139.40
227.60
L 90 7
234.20
382.40
201.60
329.20
220.50
360.00
181.10
295.60
206.80
337.60
160.50
262.00
L 100 7
268.50
438.40
235.90
385.20
254.80
416.00
215.40
351.60
241.10
393.60
194.80
318.00
L 100 8
303.30
495.20
266.10
434.40
287.60
469.60
242.60
396.00
272.00
444.00
219.00
357.60
L 90 10
323.40
528.00
276.90
452.00
303.80
496.00
247.50
404.00
284.20
464.00
218.10
356.00
L 120 8
385.10
628.80
347.90
568.00
369.50
603.20
324.40
529.60
353.80
577.60
300.90
491.20
L 100 10
372.40
608.00
325.90
532.00
352.80
576.00
296.50
484.00
333.20
544.00
267.10
436.00
L 130 9
473.30
772.80
431.40
704.40
455.70
744.00
405.00
661.20
438.10
715.20
378.50
618.00
L 130 12
617.40
1008.00
561.50
916.80
593.90
969.60
526.30
859.20
570.40
931.20
491.00
801.60
L 150 12
740.10
1208.40
684.30
1117.20
716.60
1170.00
649.00
1059.60
693.10
1131.60
613.70
1002.00
L 175 12
881.00
1438.40
825.20
1347.20
857.50
1400.00
789.90
1289.60
834.00
1361.60
754.60
1232.00
L 150 15
907.50
1481.60
837.70
1367.60
878.10
1433.60
793.60
1295.60
848.70
1385.60
749.50
1223.60
L 175 15
1090.50
1780.40
1020.70
1666.40
1061.10
1732.40
976.60
1594.40
1031.70
1684.40
932.50
1522.40
L 200 15
1275.20
2082.00
1205.40
1968.00
1245.80
2034.00
1161.30
1896.00
1216.40
1986.00
1117.20
1824.00
L 200 20
1607.40
2667.60
1518.10
2519.40
1569.80
2605.20
1461.70
2425.80
1532.20
2542.80
1405.30
2332.20
L 200 25
1979.90
3285.80
1868.30
3100.50
1932.90
3207.80
1797.80
2983.50
1885.90
3129.80
1727.30
2866.50
L 250 25
2582.70
4286.10
2471.00
4100.90
2535.70
4208.10
2400.50
3983.90
2488.70
4130.10
2330.00
3866.90
L 250 35
3508.60
5822.70
3352.30
5563.40
3442.80
5713.50
3253.60
5399.60
3377.00
5604.30
3154.90
5235.80
- 11 -
ANNEX 3
ULTIMATE CAPACITIES OF CONNECTION BOLTS
1. MATERIALS AND ULTIMATE UNIT STRESS
MEMBERS
DESCRIPTION
HIGH TEN-
MILD
HIGH TEN-
STEEL
SIL STEEL
STEEL
SIL STEEL
STANDARDS
STEEL GRADE
JIS G3101
SS400
SS540
BOLT
PLATES
MILD
M16
Gr. 50
YIELD STRESS
M24
JIS B1051
M20
Gr 5.8
Gr 6.8
420
480
520
600
322
372
780
900
Notes;
1. Bolts (With ISO Metric Tread)
M16
JIS B1051 Gr 5.8
M20 and M24 JIS B1051 Gr 5.8
2. Shearing and Bearing capacities are calculated as follows.
Single Shear, Ps = Fs x x D2 / 4
Double Shear, Ps = 2 x Fs x x D2 / 4
Bearing,
Pp = Fp x D x t
Where,
D : The nominal diameter of the bolt
t : The thickness of the member
2. CAPACITY OF BOLTS
2-1 CAPACITY OF DOUBLE SHEAR CONNECTIONS
DIAMETER OF
16
BOLT (mm)
SHEARING AREA OF
201.06
BOLT (mm2)
SHEARING CAPACITY
129.40
OF BOLT (kN)
STEEL GRADE
Gr.50
SS400 SS540
OF MEMBER
BEARING
600
780
675
(N/mm2)
THICKNESS
OF
MEMBER
(mm)
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
12.0
15.0
16.0
19.0
20.0
22.0
25.0
35.0
38.40
48.00
57.60
67.20
76.80
86.40
96.00
115.20
129.40
129.40
129.40
129.40
129.40
129.40
129.40
49.90
62.40
74.90
87.40
99.80
112.30
124.80
129.40
129.40
129.40
129.40
129.40
129.40
129.40
129.40
43.20
54.00
64.80
75.60
86.40
97.20
108.00
129.40
129.40
129.40
129.40
129.40
129.40
129.40
129.40
(UNIT: kN)
20
24
314.16
452.39
233.80
336.60
SS400
SS540
Gr.50
SS400
SS540
Gr.50
600
780
675
600
780
675
48.00
60.00
72.00
84.00
96.00
108.00
120.00
144.00
180.00
192.00
228.00
233.80
233.80
233.80
233.80
62.40
78.00
93.60
109.20
124.80
140.40
156.00
187.20
233.80
233.80
233.80
233.80
233.80
233.80
233.80
54.00
67.50
81.00
94.50
108.00
121.50
135.00
162.00
202.50
216.00
233.80
233.80
233.80
233.80
233.80
57.60
72.00
86.40
100.80
115.20
129.60
144.00
172.80
216.00
230.40
273.60
288.00
316.80
336.60
336.60
74.90
93.60
112.30
131.00
149.80
168.50
187.20
224.60
280.80
299.50
336.60
336.60
336.60
336.60
336.60
64.80
81.00
97.20
113.40
129.60
145.80
162.00
194.40
243.00
259.20
307.80
324.00
336.60
336.60
336.60
- 12 -
ANNEX 3
THICKNESS
OF
MEMBER
(mm)
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
12.0
15.0
16.0
19.0
20.0
22.0
25.0
35.0
38.40
48.00
57.60
64.70
64.70
64.70
64.70
64.70
64.70
64.70
64.70
64.70
64.70
64.70
64.70
(UNIT: kN)
16
20
24
201.06
314.16
452.39
64.70
116.90
168.30
SS540
Gr.50
SS400
SS540
Gr.50
SS400
SS540
Gr.50
780
675
600
780
675
600
780
675
49.90
62.40
64.70
64.70
64.70
64.70
64.70
64.70
64.70
64.70
64.70
64.70
64.70
64.70
64.70
43.20
54.00
64.70
64.70
64.70
64.70
64.70
64.70
64.70
64.70
64.70
64.70
64.70
64.70
64.70
48.00
60.00
72.00
84.00
96.00
108.00
116.90
116.90
116.90
116.90
116.90
116.90
116.90
116.90
116.90
62.40
78.00
93.60
109.20
116.90
116.90
116.90
116.90
116.90
116.90
116.90
116.90
116.90
116.90
116.90
54.00
67.50
81.00
94.50
108.00
116.90
116.90
116.90
116.90
116.90
116.90
116.90
116.90
116.90
116.90
57.60
72.00
86.40
100.80
115.20
129.60
144.00
168.30
168.30
168.30
168.30
168.30
168.30
168.30
168.30
74.90
93.60
112.30
131.00
149.80
168.30
168.30
168.30
168.30
168.30
168.30
168.30
168.30
168.30
168.30
64.80
81.00
97.20
113.40
129.60
145.80
162.00
168.30
168.30
168.30
168.30
168.30
168.30
168.30
168.30
- 13 -