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Technology Conference
Ottawa, Canada, M a y 19-21, 1997
I.
INTRODUCTION
207
0-7803-3312-8/97/$5.0001997
IEEE
TABLE I
P:,,
core loss, as derived from the no-load
test, for the appropriate voltage
Protor:rotor 12R loss = (measured stator input
power - stator 12R loss - Core loss) . s
Pstray:stray-load loss
0.750 - 90 kW
91 - 375 kW
376 - 1800 kW
1800 kW and larger
1.8
1.5
1.2
0.9
Yo
Yo
%
%
B. IEC 34-2
The efficiency measurement of a polyphase
induction machine is performed determining the
overall losses of the induction machine. The overall
losses can be obtained from 'the summation of the
separated losses or from the measurement of the
overall losses. Overall loss measurements according
to IEC 34-2 can be made by:
0
braking test with torque measurement
calibrated machine test
mechanical back t o back test
0
electrical back t o back test
However, the method preferred by IEC 34-2 is the
determination of the separated losses. Regarding
stator and rotor conductor losses no corrections for
the temperature of the windings are made.
Very important is the amount of the stray-load
losses. These are assumed t o be 0.5 percent of the
rated input power for motors at rated load. They are
also assumed t o vary as the square of the stator
current. The assumed percentage value does not
depend on the motor rated power.
It is generally known that the amount of strayload losses can be several percent. This will also be
shown by measured results. The efficiency values in
the catalogues according t o IEC are thus
overestimated. When comparing the 0.5 % t o the
values of table I, the stray-load losses using the IEEE
standard are larger than those using the IEC. The
IEC efficiency is thus larger when compared t o the
IEEE value.
208
e
e
e
e
,-
209
=2EA
wp
(3)
where
c
L
G=-
2( 1 -k v)
wp = -nd
16
E A =--
UA
PF=0.82
A. Stator resistance
The reference stator resistance a t an ambient
temperature of 27.8 OC was measured for all three
windings.
The average value was 34.40 m a .
During warming-up, the stator resistance is
measured every half hour, and compared to the
reference resistance. This allows the temperature
rise to be determined, using the temperature
coefficient a (7):
R T=
~ R ~ l ( +CL.@)
1
(7)
(4)
B. Start-up current
(5)
(6)
UB
The start-up current a t nominal voltage and noload was recorded with a digital Le Croy 9304
oscilloscope (Fig. 2). The maximum peak value was
1 166 A, yielding a relative start-up current of 5.9.
-
and
7-Jun-96
E : elasticity modulus
v : Poisson's coefficient of the steel
d : diameter of the shaft
k : strain coefficient of the gauges
UA: deflection of the bridge
UB : excitation voltage
9:09:42
F+qq-TTL]
. . . . . . . . .,..I...... ...IL... . . . . . . . . .
V . EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
210
.,,.I.,
..
C. Short-circuit test
F. IEC-method
D. No-load test
Voltage, current and power are measured with
disconnected load at various voltages. From the
curve of input power minus stator I ~ Rloss versus
voltage squared (Fig. 31, core loss and friction and
windage loss may be determined. Test results at
nominal voltage are given in table Ill.
The IEC norm 34.2 and 34.2A prescribes a strayload loss of 0.5 % of input power a t full load, and
proportional to the square of the relative current at
other loads. The stray-load loss can be higher than
this value.
The results with this method are given in table V.
It can be seen that the stray-load losses as
calculated are lower than those calculated according
to the IEEE standard. The calculated efficiency is
accordingly up to 1.3 % higher.
TABLE IV
E. Load test
Isc [AI
144.2
P, [WI
6644
PF I 1
0.29
Load
U
I
Pin
PF
T
n
[%I
[VI
[Af
[Wl
[I
[Nml
Ir/min
25
402.6
69.0
22080
0.46
184.2
998
50
398.7
89.4
41280
0.67
363.2
996
75
404.4
116.9
61180
0.75
543.9
994
100
399.3
148
81220
0.79
724.5
991
1
37878
[WI
19249
56620
75189
Pout
0.004
0.006
0.009
[%I
0.002
slip
3402
4560
6031
[WI
2831
Ploss
[WI
324
544
932
1492
Pstator
1553
[WI
1609
1635
1562
Pcore
157
[WI
40
352
703
Protor
IWI
762
762
762
762
Pfr+w
385
879
[WI
94
1511
PSI
[YO]
87.2
91.8
92.6
92.6
Pin/Pout
linear regression on stray-load losses (IEEE-I 12):
A: 0.002903
correlation coefficient: 0.999
Psl.corr.
[W]
98
383
859
1524
PJoss.corr.
IWI
2835
3399
4540
6044
Poutsorr.
[Wl
19245
37881
56640
75176
Pout/Pnom
[YO]
25.7
50.5
75.5
100.2
Eff.
[%I
87.2
91.8
92.6
92.6
TABLE V
EFFICIENCY MEASUREMENT FOLLOWING IEC STANDARD
3000
Load
U
I
Pin
Pout
Pslsorr.
Ploss.corr
Pout.corr.
PoutIPnom
Eff.
2000
P,I 1.5I2R
VI
1000
0
[
40000
80000
120000
160000
21 1
25
402.6
69.0
22080
19249
88
2825
19255
25.7
87.2
50
398.7
89.4
41 280
37878
148
31 64
381 16
50.8
92.3
75
404.4
116.9
61 180
56620
253
3934
57246
76.3
93.6
100
399.3
148
81 220
751 89
406
4926
76294
101.7
93.9
VI CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors are grateful to the Belgian F.W.0.-V.
"Fonds
voor
Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Vlaanderen" for its financial support of this work and
the Belgian Ministry of Scientific Research for
granting the project IUAP No. P4/20 on Coupled
Problems in Electromagnetic Systems.
REFERENCES
212