P.

E 204
(TEAM SPORTS)
LECTURE HANDOUT
BASKETBALL
HISTORY and DEVELOPMENT

Basketball is a sport played by two teams of five players on a rectangular court. The
objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop 18 inches (46 cm) in diameter and 10 feet (3.0 m)
high mounted to a backboard at each end. Basketball is one of the world's most popular and
widely viewed sports.[1]
A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket during regular play. A
field goal scores two points for the shooting team if a player is touching or closer to the
basket than the three-point line, and three points (known commonly as a 3 pointer or three)
if the player is behind the three-point line. The team with the most points at the end of the
game wins, but additional time (overtime) may be issued when the game ends with a draw.
The ball can be advanced on the court by bouncing it while walking or running or throwing it
to a team mate. It is a violation to move without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the
ball with both hands then resume dribbling.
Violations are called "fouls". A personal foul is penalized, and a free throw is usually awarded
to an offensive player if he is fouled while shooting the ball. A technical foul may also be
issued when certain infractions occur, most commonly for unsportsmanlike conduct on the
part of a player or coach. A technical foul gives the opposing team a free throw, and the
opposing team also retains possession of the ball.
As well as many techniques for shooting, passing, dribbling and rebounding, basketball has
specialized player positions and offensive and defensive structures (player positioning).
Typically, the tallest members of a team will play "center", "power forward" or "small
forward" positions, while shorter players or those who possess the best ball handling skills
and speed play "point guard" or "shooting guard".
In early December 1891, Canadian American Dr. James Naismith,[2] a physical education
professor and instructor at the International Young Men's Christian Association Training
School[3] (YMCA) (today, Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA), was trying
to keep his gym class active on a rainy day. He sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his
students occupied and at proper levels of fitness during the long New England winters. After
rejecting other ideas as either too rough or poorly suited to walled-in gymnasiums, he wrote
the basic rules and nailed a peach basket onto a 10-foot (3.05 m) elevated track. In contrast
with modern basketball nets, this peach basket retained its bottom, and balls had to be
retrieved manually after each "basket" or point scored; this proved inefficient, however, so
the bottom of the basket was removed, [4] allowing the balls to be poked out with a long
dowel each time.
Basketball was originally played with a soccer ball. The first balls made specifically for
basketball were brown, and it was only in the late 1950s that Tony Hinkle, searching for a
ball that would be more visible to players and spectators alike, introduced the orange ball

that is now in common use. Dribbling was not part of the original game except for the
"bounce pass" to teammates. Passing the ball was the primary means of ball movement.
Dribbling was eventually introduced but limited by the asymmetric shape of early balls.
Dribbling only became a major part of the game around the 1950s, as manufacturing
improved the ball shape.
The peach baskets were used until 1906 when they were finally replaced by metal hoops
with backboards. A further change was soon made, so the ball merely passed through.
Whenever a person got the ball in the basket, his team would gain a point. Whichever team
got the most points won the game.[5] The baskets were originally nailed to the mezzanine
balcony of the playing court, but this proved impractical when spectators on the balcony
began to interfere with shots. The backboard was introduced to prevent this interference; it
had the additional effect of allowing rebound shots. [6] Naismith's handwritten diaries,
discovered by his granddaughter in early 2006, indicate that he was nervous about the new
game he had invented, which incorporated rules from a children's game called "Duck on a
Rock", as many had failed before it. Naismith called the new game "Basket Ball". [7] The first
official game was played in the YMCA gymnasium in Albany, New York on January 20, 1892
with nine players. The game ended at 10; the shot was made from 25 feet (7.6 m), on a
court just half the size of a present-day Streetball or National Basketball Association (NBA)
court. By 18971898 teams of five became standard.

1898 National Basketball League was formed.

1946 Basketball Association of America was formed.
1949 National Basketball League with the BAA merged to form the National
Basketball Association (NBA)
1932 Federation Internationale de Basketball Amateur (FIBA) was organized in
Geneva, and founded by eight (8) countries;
Argentina
Czechoslovakia
Greece
Italy
Latvia
Portugal
Romania
Switzerland
1936 Basketball became an Olympic sport in Berlin, Germany.
1956 Philippine Basketball team participated in Melbourne, Australia Olympics and
placed 7th.
1960 - The Philippines won the first ever Asian Basketball Confederation (now FIBA
Asia Championship) gold medal with a 9-0 record held at Manila, Philippines.
1975 Philippine Basketball Association was formed in Manila
1977 The Philippines won the first ever Southeast Asian Games basketball gold
medal.
1989 FIBA dropped the word Amateur from its official name but retained the
initialism; the "BA" now represents the first two letters of basketball.
- This was the year when FIBA allowed Professional players from different
Basketball Associations to play under the FIBA tournaments.
Major FIBA tournaments;
FIBA Asia
* World Championships
FIBA Americas
* Olympic Basketball
FIBA Africa
* World Cup

 FIBA Europe
FIBA Oceania

* World Club Championships

A total of 213 national federations are now members, organized since

1989 into five zones or "commissions": Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe, and
Oceania.
Yvan Mainini Current FIBA President (FRANCE)
Patrick Baumann Current Secretary General of FIBA (SWITZERLAND)
Gonzalo Puyat II (PHILIPPINES) - the first Asian FIBA President, 1976 1984
1983 The Philippine Amateur Basketball League (PABL) was formed as an amateur
basketball league for collegiate players and was sponsored by large companies in the
Philippines. The PABL would later be renamed into the Philippine Basketball League
(PBL) as it grew into a commercial, semi-professional league.
1998 Founding year of the Metropolitan Basketball Association and was defunct in
2002.
2008 Liga Pilipinas was formed.
2001 NBA developmental League was formed with 16 teams
2011 PBA Developmental League was formed with 14 teams

FIBA COMMISSION CHAMPIONS and RANKINGS: MEN

COMMISSION

Rank 1

FIBA
FIBA
FIBA
FIBA
FIBA

Angola

AFRICA
AMERICAS
ASIA
EUROPE
OCEANIA

Rank 2
USA

China
Spain
Australia

Tunisia

Rank 3
Argentina

Iran
Lithuania
New Zealand

Nigeria

Brazil
South Korea
France

2014 FIBA RANKINGS: Top 10 (as of September 2014)

MEN
1. USA
2. Spain
3. Argentina
4. Lithuania
5. France
6. Russia
7. Serbia
8. Turkey
9. Brazil
10. Greece
*#31. Philippines

WOMEN
-

USA
ESP
ARG
LTU
FRA
RUS
SRB
TUR
BRA
GRE

- PHI

1. USA
2. Australia
3. Spain
4. France
5. Russia
6. Czech Republic
7. Brazil
8. China
9. Belarus
10. Canada
#58. Philippines

USA
AUS
ESP
FRA
RUS
CZE

- BRA

- CHN
- BLR
- CAN
- PHI

NBA TRIVIAS

San Antonio Spurs current NBA Champions.

Kevin Durant (Oklahoma Thunders) reigning NBA MVP
Adam Silver current NBA commissioner
Gheorghe Muresan 7ft 7in (Romania) tallest basketball player in NBA history played
for Washington Bullets in 1993.

Yao Ming 7ft 6in (CHINA) First Asian player drafted #1 in NBA (2002), and tallest
player to play at least one All Star Game played for the Houston Rockets
Wang Zhizhi First Asian basketball player drafted in NBA by Dallas Mavericks, # 36 th
pick 2nd round in the 1999 NBA draft.
Hasheem Thabeet 7ft 3in (Tanzania) current tallest NBA player playing with
Oklahoma City Thunders.
Tyrone Muggsy Bogues 5ft 3in (USA) (1987-2001) smallest NBA player in the
history of NBA. Played for Washington Bullets now Wizards, and many other NBA
teams.
Nate Robinson and Isaiah Thomas Jr. smallest active NBA players.
Andrew Bynum is the youngest player selected in the NBA draft as 10 th overall pick
in the 2005 NBA draft. 17 yrs and 8 months old.
Wilt Chamberlain 7ft 1in (Philadelphia Warriors) - scored 100 points in a 169147 win
over the New York Knicks on March 2, 1962.
Margo Dydek 7ft 2 in (Poland) drafted in 1998 by Utah Starzz and the tallest WNBA
player ever played in WNBA history.
Debbie Black 52- Smallest WNBA player in the history of WNBA.
Liz Cambage 6ft 8in (Australia) current tallest WNBA player, playing with the Tulsa
Shock
Tameka Rochelle Johnson 53 (Tulsa Shocks) the current shortest WNBA player.
Liza Leslie 6ft 5in (USA) the first WNBA player to dunk during the game and played
with the Los Angeles Sparks.

NBA Teams

Teams Nickname NBA Teams

Teams Nickname

Atlanta
Boston
Brooklyn
Charlotte
Chicago
Hornets)
Cleveland
Dallas
Denver
Detroit
Golden State
Houston
Indiana
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
Utah

Hawks
Celtics
Nets
Bobcats
Bulls

Memphis
Miami
Milwaukee
Minnesota
New Orleans

Grizzlies
Heat
Bucks
Timberwolves
Pelicans
(previously

Cavaliers
Mavericks
Nuggets
Pistons
Warriors
Rockets
Pacers
Clippers
Lakers
Jazz

New York
Oklahoma
Orlando
Philadelphia
Phoenix
Portland
Sacramento
San Antonio
Toronto
Washington

Knicks
Thunders
Magic
Sixers
Suns
Trail Blazers
Kings
Spurs
Raptors
Wizards

the

PBA (12 current teams)

Alaska
Barako Bull
Brgy. Ginebra San Miguel
Black Water
Global Port
Painters

Aces
Energy Cola
Gin Kings
Elite
Batang Pier

*Meralco
* Purefoods Star
* San Miguel
* NLEX
* Rain or Shine

Bolts
Hotshots
Beermen
Road Warriors
Elasto

Kia

Sorento

* Talk N Text

Tropang Texters
PBA TRIVIAS

Jhunmar Fajardo (San Miguel Beermen) reigning MVP

Chito Salud Current PBA Commissioner
Edward Joseph EJ Feihl, 7ft 1in. Studied in Adamson University and tallest PBA
player in the history of PBA (1995-2002). Played for Ginebra Gin kings, Alaska,
Purefoods and Red Bull.

1991 On November 21, Filipino Allan "Triggerman" Caidic scored 79 points, and
lead the Presto Tivoli beat Ginebra San Miguel. Caidics 79 points was the most
points scored by a Filipino in a single PBA game and sank 17 three-point field goals,
the most three-point shots made in a single game. Other PBA records he sets in the
game are the most points scored in a single half (53 points), in a single quarter (37),
and the most consecutive triples, and most triples in a single quarter (8 triples).

1992 Former NBA player and PBA import Tony Harris of the Swift Mighty Meaties
scored 105 points against Ginebra San Miguel in a 151-147 victory on October 10.
The 105 points was the most points scored by a player, both locals, and imports, in a
single PBA game.

Gregory William Greg Slaughter, 7ft 0in. Studied in Ateneo de Manila University
and University of the Visayas, drafted #1 overall, by Ginebra Gin Kings (2013) PBA
draft, the current tallest player in PBA.
Billy Abarrientos 5ft 5in. (uncle of Johny Abarrientos) the smallest PBA player of all
time.
Eman Monfort 5ft. 6in (Iloilo) studied in Ateneo de Manila Univeristy the active
shortest/smallest PBA player now playing with the Ginebra Gin Kings
Danny Ildefonso became the youngest player drafted in PBA history at the age of
18.
Venancio Johnson Benjie Paras - the only PBA player to win both Rookie of the Year
and Most Valuable Player honors, in a single season (1989). As its star center, Paras
led the Shell Turbo Chargers to championship titles.

MAIN EQUIPMENT IN BASKETBALL

Backboard - The rigid rectangular board behind the rim.

Basketball - The basket ball is an inflated sphere with an outer covering. It is 75 to
78cm in circumference and weighs 600 to 650 grams. It must be made of leather in
official FIBA competition.
Basket - The goal, made up of a horizontal and circular metal rim with a net hanging
from it. It is mounted 3.05 m above floor level.
Shot clock - The clock that counts down the maximum 24 seconds the offence is
allowed to possess the ball before shooting.
Playing Court - Playing surface made of wooden parquet. Dimensions: 28m x 15 m.

Five (5) Basic Positions in Basketball

Point Guard (PG)

The point guard, also known as the one, is typically the team's best ball handler and
passer. They are often quick and are able to hit shots either outside the three-point line or in
the paint, largely depending on the player's skill level. Point guards are looked upon as the
'floor general' or the 'coach on the floor'. They are often referred to as dribblers or
playmakers. List of in NBA players playing the Point Guard position; Mario Chalmers (Miami),
Chris Paul (LA Clippers), Steve Nash (LA Lakers), Tony Parker (SA Spurs), Jeremy Lin
(Houston). PBA; Alex Cabagnot (Petron), LA Tenorio (Brgy. Ginebra), Mark Barroca (San Mig
Coffee), Jason Castro (TnT)

Shooting Guard (SG)

The shooting guard, also known as the two, is usually the team's best shooter, and
typically is consistently able to hit long range shots (of 20 feet or more). Besides being able
to shoot the ball, shooting guards tend to have good ball touching skills and the ability to
drive the ball to the net, often creating their own shots off the dribble. A versatile shooting
guard will have good passing skills, allowing them to assume point guard responsibilities.
List of PBA players playing the Shooting Guard position; James Yap (San Mig Coffee), Mark
Caguioa (Brgy. Ginebra), Gary David (Meralco), Jeff Chan (Rain or Shine) Terrence Romeo
(Global Port). NBA; ret. Michael Jordan (Chicago), Kobe Bryant (LA Lakers), Dwayne Wade
(Miami), Paul George (Indiana), James Harden (Houston).

Small Forward (SF)

The small forward (SF) is colloquially known as the three. The small forward position
is considered to be perhaps the most versatile of the main five basketball positions, due to
the nature of its role, which is sometimes similar to that of a power forward, but more often
resembles the role of a shooting guard. Small forwards should be able to do a little bit of
everything on the court, typically playing roles such as swingmen but also as point forwards
and defensive specialists. List of NBA players playing the Small Forward position; Kevin
Durant (Oklahoma), Carmelo Anthony (NY Knicks), Lebron James (Miami), Paul Pierce
(Brooklyn). PBA; Arwind Santos (Petron), Joe Devance (San Mig Coffee), Kelly Williams (Tnt),
Jay Washington (Global Port) Calvin Abueva (Alaska)

Power Forward (PF)

Also known as the four position the Power forward plays a role similar to that of the
center, down in the "post" or "low blocks". On offense, they are often the team's most
versatile traveler, being able to score close to the basket while also being able to shoot midrange jump shots from 12 to 18 feet from the basket. On defense, they are required to have
the strength to guard bigger players close to the basket, while having the athleticism to
guard quick players away from the basket. List of NBA players playing the Power Forward
position; Dirk Nowitzki (Dallas), Amare Stoudemire (NY Knicks), Carlos Boozer (Chicago),
David West (Indiana), Blake Griffin (LA Clippers). PBA; Marc Pingris (San Mig Coffee), Ranidel
de Ocampo (TnT), Japeth Aguilar (Brgy. Ginebra), Kerby Raymundo (Meralco).

Center (C)

The center, also referred to as the five or the "pivot", usually plays near the baseline,
close to the basket (referred to as the "low post"). The center is usually a key player in the
game of basketball. It is usually the tallest player on the floor. The Center position has been
traditionally considered as one of the most important positions, if not the most important.
List of NBA players playing the Center position; Dwight Howard (Houston), Roy Hibbert
(Indiana), Cris Bosh (Miami), Pau Gasol (LA Lakers). PBA; Junmar Fajardo (Petron), Asi Taulava
(Air 21), Greg Slaughter (Brgy. Ginebra), Ali Peek (TnT), Sonny Thoss (Alaska).
BASIC SKILLS
Dribbling

Dribbling is an important skill for all basketball players. This skill will allow you to
move up and down the court, maneuver past defenders and execute plays. Proper dribbling
requires ball-handling skills and knowledge of how to spread your fingers for ball control. It is
also best if you know how to dribble equally well with both hands.

Types of Dribbling skill

a. Low dribble

d. Crossover dribble

b. High dribble

e. Behind the back dribble

c. Reverse

f. In between the legs dribble

Shooting

In order to score points in basketball, you need to shoot the ball into the hoop. This
requires the ability to properly hold and throw the ball into the air toward the basket while
avoiding defenders. A proper shot requires precise aiming, arm extension and lift from the
legs. There are different types of shots you need to learn, including jump shots, layups and
free throws.

Types of Shooting skill

a. Lay-up shot

e. Reverse lay-up

b. Dunk shot

f. Banked shot

c. Jump shot

g. Hook shot

d. Set shot

i. Alley-oop shot

Passing

Passing is another skill that when mastered can help you become a complete
basketball player. Basketball is a team sport that involves finding a teammate who is open
for a shot. The ability to pass the ball to this player can make the difference between scoring

and not scoring. Really great passers are an important part of a basketball team and usually
the ones who set up scoring plays.

Types of Passing skill

a. Chest pass

e. Alley-oop pass

b. Bounce pass

f. Behind the back pass

c. Baseball pass

g. Blind pass

d. Push pass

h. Overhead pass

Defence/Defense

Types of defense/defence

a. Man-to-Man: "Man-to-man" remains the most common defense in basketball,

matching up defensive players one-on-one with the opposing team's offensive
players. Off-the-ball defenders are coached to position themselves in the passing
lanes, between their man and the ball, while the on-ball defender attempts to stay
between his man and the basket.

b. Zone defense/defence With Zone defenses, defenders are assigned to guard

specific areas on the court. Zones are named or designated by their player
alignments.

Types of Zone defense/defence

a. 1-2-2 Zone defense

b. 2-3 Zone defense

c. 1-3-1 Zone defense

d. 2-1-2 Zone defense

e. 3-2 Zone defense

Fouls and Violations

FOUL

Personal fouls: Personal fouls include any type of illegal physical contact.

Hitting

Pushing

Slapping

Holding

Illegal pick/screen -- when an offensive player is moving. When an offensive player

sticks out a limb and makes physical contact with a defender in an attempt to block
the path of the defender.

Personal foul penalties: If a player is shooting while a being fouled, then he gets two free
throws if his shot doesn't go in, but only one free throw if his shot does go in.

Three free throws are awarded if the player is fouled while shooting for a three-point
goal and they miss their shot. If a player is fouled while shooting a three-point shot
and makes it anyway, he is awarded one free throw. Thus, he could score four points
on the play.

Inbounds. If fouled while not shooting, the ball is given to the team the foul was
committed upon. They get the ball at the nearest side or baseline, out of bounds, and
have 5 seconds to pass the ball onto the court.

One & one. If the team committing the foul has seven or more fouls in the game,
then the player who was fouled is awarded one free throw. If he makes his first shot,
then he is awarded another free throw.

Ten or more fouls. If the team committing the foul has ten or more fouls, then the
fouled player receives two free throws.

Charging. An offensive foul that is committed when a player pushes or runs over a
defensive player. The ball is given to the team that the foul was committed upon.
Blocking. Blocking is illegal personal contact resulting from a defender not establishing
position
in
time
to
prevent
an
opponent's
drive
to
the
basket.
Flagrant foul. Violent contact with an opponent. This includes hitting, kicking, and
punching. This type of foul results in free throws plus the offense retaining possession of the
ball
after
the
free
throws.

Intentional foul. When a player makes physical contact with another player with no
reasonable effort to steal the ball. It is a judgment call for the officials.
Technical foul. Technical foul. A player or a coach can commit this type of foul. It does not
involve player contact or the ball but is instead about the 'manners' of the game. Foul
language, obscenity, obscene gestures, and even arguing can be considered a technical foul,
as can technical details regarding filling in the scorebook improperly or dunking during
warm-ups.
VIOLATIONS

a. Walking/Traveling. Taking more than 'a step and a half' without dribbling the ball is
traveling. Moving your pivot foot once you've stopped dribbling is traveling.

b. Carrying/palming. When a player dribbles the ball with his hand too far to the side of or,
sometimes, even under the ball.

c. Double Dribble. Dribbling the ball with both hands on the ball at the same time or
picking up the dribble and then dribbling again is a double dribble.

d. Held ball. Occasionally, two or more opposing players will gain possession of the ball at
the same time. In order to avoid a prolonged and/or violent tussle, the referee stops the
action and awards the ball to one team or the other on a rotating basis.

e. Goaltending. If a defensive player interferes with a shot while it's on the way down
toward the basket, while it's on the way up toward the basket after having touched the
backboard, or while it's in the cylinder above the rim, it's goaltending and the shot counts. If
committed by an offensive player, it's a violation and the ball is awarded to the opposing
team for a throw-in.

f. Backcourt violation. Once the offense has brought the ball across the mid-court line,
they cannot go back across the line during possession. If they do, the ball is awarded to the
other
team
to
pass
inbounds.
g. The three seconds violation (also referred to as the three-second rule or three in
the key, with a breach often termed a lane violation) requires that in basketball, a player
shall not remain in the opponents' restricted area for more than three consecutive seconds
while his team is in control of a live ball in the frontcourt and the game clock is running. The
three-second rule was introduced in 1936 and was then expressed: no offensive player could
remain in the free throw lane, with or without the ball, for more than three seconds.
h. Five seconds violation. Under all basketball rule sets, a team attempting a throw-in has
a total of five seconds to release the ball towards the court. [1] The throw in count starts when

the basketball is at the disposal of the throw in team (usually bounced or handed to the
throw in team by the official).
i. Eight seconds violation. Occurs when the team with possession cannot advance the ball
over the half court line, into their opponents half within a certain amount of time.
j. 24 seconds shot clock violation. The 24-second shot clock is used to time
possessions by the offensive team. If a team does not attempt a field goal within 24 seconds
of gaining possession of the ball, a violation is committed and possession is awarded to the
other team.
k. goaltending is the violation of interfering with the ball when it is on its way to the basket
and it is (a) in its downward flight, (b) entirely above the rim and has the possibility of
entering the basket, and (c) not touching the rim

Basketball Terminologies
Alley oop - An offensive play in which a player throws the ball up near the basket to a
teammate (or, more rarely, to himself) who jumps, catches the ball in mid air and
immediately scores a basket, usually with a slam dunk.
Assist - A pass to a teammate who scores a basket immediately or after one dribble.
Bank shot - A shot that hits the backboard before hitting the rim or going through the net.
Baseball pass - Passing the basketball using an overhand throw with one hand similar to a
baseball pitch.
Baseline - The line that marks the playing boundary at either end of the court. Also called
the "end line."
Benchwarmer - A player who sits on the bench for most if not all of the game.
Bounce pass - A pass that bounces once before reaching the receiver.
Buzzer beater - A basket in the final seconds of a game (right before the buzzer sounds)
that in itself results in a win or overtime.
Chest pass - The ball is passed from the chest.
Center - One of the three standard player positions. Centers are generally the tallest
players on the floor, responsible mainly for scoring, rebounding, and defense near the
basket.
Double dribble Is a violation when the player is dribbling the ball with two hands at the
same time and dribbling, stop, and then begin to dribble again; Either act results in a loss of
possession.
Dunk - (v) To score by putting the ball directly through the basket with one or both hands.
(n) A shot made by dunking.
Fast break - An offensive tactic in which a team attempts to advance the ball and score as
quickly as possible, giving the other team no time to defend effectively. Often the result of a
steal or blocked shot
Field goal - A shot made from anywhere on the court, does not include free throws.

Flagrant foul - An unsportsmanlike foul in which there is no serious attempt to play the
ball. The NBA classifies these types of fouls as flagrant-1 and flagrant-2, with the latter
resulting in the immediate ejection of the offender. FIBA does not use the term "flagrant
foul", instead using unsportsmanlike foul and disqualifying foul (which roughly correspond to
the two NBA subcategories).
Forward - One of the three standard player positions. Forwards are primarily responsible for
scoring and rebounding. See Small forward and Power forward. An individual capable of
playing both types of forward is often called a cornerman.
Foul - Violations of the rules other than floor violations, generally attempts to gain
advantage by physical contact; penalized by a change in possession or free-throw
opportunities; see personal foul, technical foul, flagrant foul, unsportsmanlike foul, and
disqualifying foul.
Free throw - An unopposed attempt to score a basket, worth one point, from the free throw
line. Generally, two attempts are awarded when the player is fouled in the act of shooting
(three attempts are awarded in the case of three-point shot), fouled flagrantly, or when the
opposing team fouls while over the foul limit. For technical fouls, one free throw is awarded
under FIBA rules.
Guard - One of the three standard player positions. Today, guards are typically classified in
two broad categories. Point guards have strong ball handling and passing skills and are
typically used to run the offense. Shooting guards, as the name implies, are generally the
team's best shooters, and are very often the leading scorers on their teams. Some players,
often referred to as combo guards, combine the features of both.
Halftime Is the end of the first half of play and the interval between the two halves.
Jump shot - An overhead shot taken while jumping
Kicking - A violation called when a player intentionally uses his or her foot or leg to contact
the ball. Play is stopped and the ball is given to the non-violating team to inbound.
Lay-in - A close-range shot using one hand to tip the ball over the rim.
Lay-up - A close-range shot using one hand to bank the ball off the backboard.
Man-to-man defense - A defense in which each player guards a single opposing player.
Offensive foul - A foul committed by a member of the team playing offense.
Outlet pass - A pass thrown by a rebounder to start a fast break.
Overtime - when the score is tied at the end of regulation play, the teams play a fiveminute overtime period.
Penalty - once a team reaches a set number of team fouls in a playing period, varying by
governing body, the fouled team gets free throws instead of possession of the ball. The
fouling team is "over the limit.
Rebound - (v) To obtain the ball after a missed field goal attempt (n) An act of rebounding.
Set shot - A shot taken without leaving the floor.

Shot clock - A timer designed to increase the pace (and subsequently, the score) by
requiring the ball to either touch the rim or enter the basket before the timer expires,
resulting in a loss of possession. The time limit is 24 seconds in the NBA, WNBA, and FIBA
play; 30 in NCAA women's play; and 35 in NCAA men's play.
Technical foul - A foul assessed for unsportsmanlike non-contact behavior and for some
procedural violations (for example, having too many players on the floor or calling timeout
when none remain). Penalized by loss of possession after a free throw which may be taken
by any member of the opposing team. Frequently abbreviated as "technical" or "T."
Three-point field goal - A shot, worth three points, attempted with both feet behind the
three-point line.
Three-point play - A play in which a shooter is fouled while making a two-point shot and
then makes the resulting free throw and (rarely) when a shooter is fouled while taking but
missing a three-point shot and then makes all three free throws.
Travel - To move one's pivot foot illegally or to fall to the floor without maintaining a pivot
foot or takes 3 steps only 1 or 2 steps are allowed but after you take three steps with not
dribbling the ball it is called traveling.
Turnover - A loss of possession.
Unsportsmanlike foul - (FIBA) an egregious foul, involving excessive physical contact,
fouling with no intention to make a play on the ball, or fouling an opponent on a breakaway
from behind. Roughly equivalent to the NBA's flagrant-1.
Violation - An infraction of the rules other than a foul, such as traveling or a three-second
violation.
Zone defense - A defense in which each player is responsible for a section of the court.

Prepared by: Mr. Armel Cainglet Loon BPE, MATPE

Instructor