Professional Documents
Culture Documents
May
The History
Up
of
to the
Fl
tion of continuity. This added symmetry to the equations that Inow bear his name. From these "Maxwell
Equations," he deduced the existence of electromagnetic
waves that would be propagated with the velocity of
light.
In the 1880's, Heinrich Hertz [2], experimenting with
the spark discharged from a Leyden jar, demonstrated
that the effect was propagated at a distance so as to
* Received
by the IRE, July 5, 1961; revised manuscript received,
October 23, 1961.
t Datronics Engiineers, Inc., Bethesda, Md.
1962
now
683
Ir
4.25
Ishih2
---d-
0.015d\
)
exp /- 0
_(
where the currents are in amperes and lengths in kilometers. Ir is the current in the vertical antenna of
height h2 resulting from a current Is in an antenna of
height hi, separated by a distance d on a wavelength X.
Hogan's [31] experiments confirmed Austin's formula
and showed that it was valid over a greater range of
distances.
Austin's formula corresponds to the usual formula
E-=
1207rhlIs
Xd
684
May
REFERENCES
[1] J. C. Maxwell, "A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic
field," Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), vol. 13, pp. 531-536; December
8, 1864.
[2] H. Hertz, "Ueber sehr schnelle elektrische Schwingungen,"
Ann. Physik usnd Chemie ( Wiedeman) N. F., vol. 31, pp. 421-448;
May 15, 1887.
[3] H. Hertz, 'Die Kraft electrischer Schwingungen, behandelt
nach der Maxwell'schen Theorie," Ann. Physik und Chemie
(Wiedeman) N. F., vol. 36, pp. 1-22; December 15, 1888.
[4] M. Abraham, "Die electrischen Schwingungen um einen stabformigen Leiter, behandelt nach der Maxwell'schen Theorie,"
Ann. Physik und Chemie ( Wiedeman) N. F., vol. 66, pp. 435-472;
October 20, 1898.
[5] F. Hack, "Das elektromagnetische Feld in der Umgebung eines
linearen Oszillators," Ann. Physik., ser. 4, vol. 14, pp. 539-546;
July 12, 1904.
[61 R. Ruidenberg, "Der Empfang elektrischer Wellen in der drahtlosen Teltgraphie," Ann. Physik, ser. 4, vol. 25, pp. 446-466;
March 3, 1908.
[71 C. R. Burrows, "Radio Propagation over plane earth-field
strength curves," Bell Sys. Tech. J., vol. 16, pp. 45-75 and 547577; January and October, 1937. See p. 48.
[8] A.' Blondel, Compt. rend. Assoc. franc. Avancement des sciences, Congres de Nantes, France, p. 212; 1898.
[91 C. Tissot, "Note on the use of the bolometer as a detector of
electric waves," Electrician, vol. 56, pp. 848-849; March 9, 1906.
[101 E. H. Armstrong, "The spirit of discovery," Electronic Engr.,