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WORM GEARS
worm
worm
wheel
For the module of a worm gear m we take the worm axial module equal to the
circumferential module of the wheel.
If the number of the worm starts is zwo, its pitch diameter is
d wo ms z wo
(7-1)
and tan
1
tan
mzwo
tan
z wo
qwo we find
tan
d wo mqwo
(7-2)
where qwo is the number of modules in the pitch diameter of the worm.
Table 7-1 Formulae for Determining Geometrical Proportions of Worm and worm wheel
Worm
Worm wheel
d wo mqwo
d w mzw
d wo m qwo 2
d w d w
Correction factor
A
0.5 qw z w
m
m
qwo zw 2
2
2 fom
Dew d w 2m f o
A
Centre distance
Diameter of addendum circle
Diameter of dedendum circle
Dewo qwo
Diwo d wo 2m f o co
m
Module
2A
qwo zw 2
d wo
m
z
tan w
qwo
qwo
Diw d w 2m f o co
Number of worm
starts zwo
1
2
3
4
L
L 11 0.06 zw m
L 12.5 0.09 zw m
B
B 0.75 Dewo
B 0.67 Dewo
Dout w
Dout w Dew 2m
Dout w Dew 1.5m
Dout w Dew m
2M t
Pawo ,
dw
(7-3)
(7-4)
The axial effort on the wheel equals the peripheral effort on the worm; allowing
for the fact that the sliding along the teeth develops friction forces it will equal
Paw Pw tan Pwo
2 M wo
d wo
Pn
Pawo
Pw
2M t
(7-5)
cos cos n cos cos d w cos cos
(7-5)
The length of one line of contact will be in direct proportion to the pitch diameter
of the worm d wo and the angle of contact 2 o . If we remember that an increase in the
lead angle causes the length of the line of contact Lmin to increase in inverse proportion
to cos then, if the overlap factor is
Lmin
dwo ' 2 o
cm
cos 360o
considerably greater range of variation in the total length of lines of contact than in a
helical gear); then
Pn
2 M t cos 360o
1.8M t
kg / cm
o
Lmin d w cos cos d wo '100
d wd wo
(7-6)
As in toothed gears an increase in the design load qd compared with the mean
load q is taken account of by introducing correction factors
qd qkc kd
1.8M t
kc k d
d w d wo
kg/cm
(7-7)
The diagram of unit load will be limited by an inclined line and the maximum pressure
will be found from the formula
qmax qkc
(7-8)
qmax q q
q
1
q
q
q
Pres l 3
0.93 m3 z w3
z
Pres
Pres w
48EI wo
48EI wo
'
Therefore, the load concentration factor can be found from the formula
z
kc 1 w
1 md
md
M T
M T
i i
Here Mi are torques acting upon wheel (including the torque Mt assumed as the design
torque);
Ti the continuity of action of the torque Mi in hours during the entire service life of
the gear
7.3 Design for Surface Strength
Since the radius of the worm thread curvature wo then w and, consequently,
d w sin
2 cos
After substituting the values from latter equation and qd from the formula (7-6)
in the equation qmax
qE
we get
sur
1.35
dw
MtE
kc kd sur
d wo
sur
1.35
d w / d wo
kg/cm2
(7-9)
or
Mt E
kc k d
3
d wo
Substituting here
iw
z
w ;
iwo qwo
2
3
d wo
m3qwo
; m
2A
qwo zw
we obtain
3
sur
0.5
z w / qwo 1
EM t kc kd sur
z w / qwo
A
kg/cm2
(7-10)
6
2
For a steel worm ( Ewo 2.15 10 kg / cm ) and bronze rim of the worm wheel (
this case too the relations (7-9) and (7-10) will assume the form
sur
and
1500
zw / q
Mt
kc kd sur
d wo
kg/cm2
(7-11)
sur
540 z w / qwo 1
2
EM t kc kd sur kg/cm
zw / q
A
(7-12)
From the formula (7-12) we find the centre distance A (for design calculations of a
closed-type gear)
z
A w 1
qwo
540
z / q M t k c k d
sur
w wo
cm
(7-13)
sur 'sur kl
(7-14)
107
N
(7-15)
The number of cycles N is calculated by the former formula and at a varying (stepped)
load Neq
N eq
60
Mt 4
M T n
4
i i
(7-16)
AB lc d wo
qwo m
qwo
qwo
2
1 cos
2 o
4
0.05qwo
1.2
lc
10
and
0 .5
qd x
where x is a
mn y 3
factor accounting for a decrease in the bending stress due to teeth inclination.
M t k c k d b
my cos 1.4 md wd wo y
kg/cm2
(7-17)
For design calculations of open-type gears of open-type gears we find from the
latter formula (neglecting the effect of the angle )
m 1.243
M t kc k d
z w qwo y b
ANY QUESTION?
cm
(7-18)