243-3

IEC

Tiu chun
IEC
quc t
243-3

xut bn ln th nht
1988

Cc phng php
th nghim bn
in
ca cc vt liu cch
in dn
Phn 3 :
Cc yu cu b sung
cho cc th nghim xung

290382522.doc

1 / 10

243-3

IEC

Mc lc
Li ni u
Li ta

1. Lnh vc p dng.......................................................
2. Cc ti liu Tiu chun dng tham kho......................
3. Cc nh ngha........................................................
4. ngha ca cc th nghim......................................
5. Cc in cc v cc mu th....................................
6. Kim nghim mu th trc khi th nghim................
7. Mi trng xung quanh................................................
8. Thit b in............................................................
9. Qui trnh th nghim................................................
10. t in p.............................................................
11. Tiu chun chc thng.............................................
12. S lng cc th nghim.............................................
13. Bin bn th nghim................................................

290382522.doc

2 / 10

243-3

IEC

y ban k thut in Quc t

Cc phng php th nghim xc nh bn in

mi ca cc vt liu cch in dn
Phn 3 : Cc yu cu b xung i vi cc th nghim
xung.
Li ni u
1) IEC (y ban k thut in Quc t) l mt t chc quc t v tiu chun
ha bao gm tt c cc y ban K thut in quc gi (cc y ban quc gia IEC). i
tng ca IEC l thc y s hp tc Quc t trn tt c cc vn lin quan
n vic tiu chun ha trong cc lnh vc in v in t. Vi tc dng ny v
ngoi cc hot ng khc, IEC xut bn cc tiu chun quc t. Vic son tho cc
tiu chun ny giao cho cc y ban k thut; bt k y ban quc gia IEC no quan
tm n vn cn gii quyt u c th tham gia vo cng vic son tho
ny. Cc t chc quc t, chnh ph v khng chnh ph c quan h vi IEC cng
tham gia vo cng vic son tho ny. IEC hp tc cht ch vi t chc quc t v
tiu chun ha (ISO) theo cc iu kin c xc nh bi s tha thun gia hai
t chc ny.
2) Cc quyt nh hoc tha thun chnh thc ca IEC v cc vn k
thut c son tho bi cc y ban k thut, trong c i din ca cc y ban
Quc gia ang c s quan tm c bit n vn ny, th hin s nht tr
quc t cao v cc ch c cp.
3) Cc quyt nh hoc tha thun ny l nhng khuyn ngh s
dng quc t v c cc y ban chp nhn theo ngha .
4) xc tin s thng nht Quc t, IEC by t mong mun tt c cc y
ban Quc gia nn chp nhn khuyn ngh ca IEC nh l cc qui nh quc gia ca
mnh trong chng mc cc iu kin quc gia cho php. Bt k s khc bit no
gia khuyn ngh ca IEC v qui nh quc gia tng ng, cn c nu r trong
chng mc cho php trong cc qui nh ny.

Tiu chun quc t IEC 243-3 c son tho bi phn ban

15A : Cc th nghim ngn hn, ca y ban k thut IEC 15 : Cc vt
liu cch in
Vn bn ca tiu chun ny c da vo cc ti liu sau :
Bn d tho tiu chun

Bin bn biu quyt

Quc t
15A (CO) 65

15A (CO) 68

Thng tin y v biu quyt chp nhn tiu chun ny c

th tm thy trong bin bn biu quyt c ch r trong bng trn.

290382522.doc

3 / 10

243-3

IEC

Gii

thiu

Phn ny ca IEC 243 l mt trong mt dy x l cc th

nghim v bn in mi ca cc vt liu cch in rn. Dy
ny gm 4 phn :

243-3)
cu)

Phn 1 : Cc th nghim tn s cng nghip (IEC 243-1)

Phn 2 : Cc yu cu cn b sung v cc th nghim dng
in p mt chiu (IEC 243-2)
Phn 3 : Cc yu cu b xung v cc th nghim xung (IEC
Phn 4 : X l thng k v gii thch (IEC 243-4) (ang nghin

290382522.doc

4 / 10

243-3

IEC

Cc phng php th nghim xc nh bn in

mi ca cc vt liu cch in dn
Phn 3. Cc yu cu b xung i vi cc th nghim
xung

1. Lnh vc p dng
Phn ny ca IEC 243 cho cc yu cu, b xung vo cc yu
cu trong IEC 243-1 xc nh bn in mi ca vt liu cch
in rn chu cc in p xung
Ghi ch. - Phn ny c xy dng trn phng php ASTM D3
426, vi phng php ny, phn ny l s ng nht k thut

2. Cc ti liu Tiu chun dng tham kho

Ti liu chun sau y c cc qui nh v qua s tham kho
trong vn bn ny, xy dng c cc qui nh c gi tr cho phn
ny ca IEC 243. Vo lc cng b, th n phm xut bn ny t ra
c hiu qu. Tt c cc ti liu chun u c sot xt li v cc bn
ly cc nht tr da trn phn ny ca IEC 243 khuyn khch
nghin cu kh nng p dng ln xut bn mi nht ca ti liu chun
di y. Cc thnh vin ca IEC v ISO u c cc bn ghi cc tiu
chun quc t cn gi tr thng xuyn
IEC 243-1 : 1988 Cc phng php th nghim bn
in ca cc vt liu cch in dn . Phn 1 : Th nghim
tn s cng nghip.
3. Cc nh ngha
i vi mc ch ca phn ny ca IEC 243 th cc nh
ngha sau y cng nh cc nh ngha cho trong iu 2 ca
IEC 243-1, c p dng :
3.1 Sng in p xung ton sng
in p qu khng chu k tng ln 1 cch nhanh chng ti
mt gi tr cc i, sau li gim ti khng
3.2 Gi tr nh (ca mt sng in p xung), Up
Gi tr ca cc i ca in p
3.3 Gi tr nh o (c l) (ca mt sng in p xung), U

290382522.doc

5 / 10

243-3

IEC

Gi tr t suy ra t vic ghi mt sng in p xung, trn

c c th tn ti cc giao ng cao tn hoc cc vt qu mt ln gii
hn
3.4 Ngun gc o (c l) (ca mt sng in p xung)
Giao im O1 ca ng thng in p bng khng vi ng
thng ni cc im tng ng bng 0,3 ln v 0,9 ln gi tr nh o
trn mt u sng ca mt sng in p xung (xem hnh 1)
3.5 Thi gian o (c l) ca mt u sng (ca mt sng in
p xung)
Thi gian bng 1,67 ln khong thi gian t f gia cc thi im
in p bng 0,3 ln v 0,9 ln gi tr nh (t 1, hnh 1)
3.6 Thi gian o (c l) ti na gi tr
Khong thi gian t2 gia gc o O1 v thi im trn phn
ui sng, khi in p gim ti na gi tr nh.

4. ngha ca cc th nghim
Ngoi thng tin iu 3 ca IEC 243-1 c p dng, th cc
im sau y cn c xem xt khi thc hin cc th nghim in
p xung :
4.1 Cc vt liu cch in c s dng trong cc thit b cao
p c th chu cc ng lc in p qu do t cc nguyn nhn nh
l cc st nh gn. iu ny c bit ng i vi cc thit b
nh cc my bin p v cc thit b ng ct c dng trong cc h
thng truyn ti v phn phi in nng. Kh nng ca cc vt liu
cch in chu ng c cc in p qu ny l quan trng
xc nh tin cy ca cc thit b c cch in vi cc vt liu
ny.
4.2 Cc in p qu do st c th c cc tnh dng hoc
m. Trong mt trng i xng c to nn gia cc in cc ng
nht th cc tnh khng c tc dng g n bn in. Tuy
nhin, vi cc in cc khc nhau th c tc dng ca cc tnh ni.
Khi s dng cc in cc khc nhau th tc ng ca cc tnh ni
trn c th xut hin. Khi cc in cc khng i xng c s dng
th nghim cc vt liu, v vi vt liu ny m th nghim vin
khng c kinh nghim hoc hiu bit th nn thc hin cc th
nghim so snh vi c hai chiu ca cc tnh.
4.3 Dng sng c tiu chun ha l mt sng bng 1,2/50 s
v gim dn ti 50% gi tr nh xp x 50s, sau khi bt u sng.
290382522.doc

6 / 10

243-3

IEC

Sng ny c dng m phng mt st nh c th nh vo mt

h thng khng gy s h hng no trn h thng ny.
Ghi ch. - Nu i tng ang c th nghim c cc c tnh cm ng
ng k th c th c kh khn hoc khng th t c dng sng qui
nh vi t hn 5% cc giao ng nh cho trong 8.2.2. Tuy nhin, cc th
tc cho trong n phm ny thng thng coi nh c p dng cc cu hnh
mu th v cc in cc ch yu l mang tnh in dng. Th nghim cc
cu hnh phc tp hn nh l gia cc cun dy ca mt thit b hon
chnh hoc cc kiu ca mt thit b nh th th cn thc hin th nghim
ph hp vi cc qui nh ca thit b ny.

4.4 V thi gian s dng rt ngn cho nn s pht nng in

mi, cc hiu ng nhit khc v nh hng ca cc in tch khng
gian tim nhim c th gim trong khi th nghim xung i vi hu
ht cc vt liu. Nh vy, cc th nghim xung thng cho cc gi tr
cao hn in p nh i vi cc th nghim ngn hn bng in
p xoay chiu. Bng cch so snh bn in mi xung vi cc gi tr
thu c t cc th nghim thi gian di hn, c th, i vi mt vt
liu cho, rt ra cc ch dn v phn bn cht ca cc h hng trong
cc th nghim khc nhau.
5. Cc in cc v cc mu th
5.1 iu 4 ca IEC 243-1 c th p dng
5.2 i vi cc mu th c dng c bit m khng th t
gia cc in cc c mt phng th cn thc hin cc th nghim
ny bng cch s dng cc in cc hnh cu, ng nht, t i
nhau. Cc in cc thng thng c dng cho cc th nghim nh th
ny c ng knh bng 12,5 mm hoc 20 mm (xem hnh 2).

6. Kim nghim mu th trc khi th nghim

iu 5 ca IEC 243-1 c th p dng

7. Mi trng xung quanh

iu 6 ca IEC 243-1 c th p dng
8. Thit b in
8.1 Ngun in p
in p th nghim t vo in cc phi c cung cp bi
mt my pht xung c cc c tnh sau :

290382522.doc

7 / 10

243-3

IEC

8.1.1 C th chn c mt cc tnh dng hoc m, mt trong

cc dy ni vo cc in cc c ni t.
8.1.2 Cc iu chnh my pht phi c th iu chnh c
hnh dng ca sng c t vo mu th trong th nghim c
c mt thi gian o (c lrrj) ca mt u sng bng 1,2s 0,36s
v 1 thi gian o (c l) ti na gi tr bng 50s 10s (xem hnh 1).
8.1.3 My pht phi c kh nng in p v nng lng d
tr p t c cc sng xung c dng chnh xc vo bt k cc
mu th c no c th nghim, cho ti in p nh thng hoc ti
in p th qui nh ca vt liu.
8.1.4 Gi tr nh ca in p c coi nh l gi tr nh o (c l), min l cc iu kin ca 8.2.2 c tha mn
8.2 o in p
Cc sp xp phi c d kin ghi c sng in p t
vo mu th nghim v o in p nh o (c l), thi gian o
(c l) ca mt u sng v thi gian o (c l), ti na gi tr trong
khong 5% gi tr thc.
8.2.2 Nu sng in p c cc giao ng vi mt bin
khng qu 5% gi tr nh v vi mt tn s t nht l 0,5MHZ, th
c th v c mt ng cong trung bnh m bin l gi tr nh
o (c l). Nu cc giao ng c bin ln hn, hoc vi tn s thp
hn, th sng in p khng th chp nhn i vi mt th nghim
c tiu chun ha.
9. Qui trnh th nghim
iu 8 ca IEC 243-1 c p dng

10. t in p
10.1 Cc xung in p phi c t vo trong dy ang tng
ln ca mt chui 3 sng in p. Nn c in p nh ca chui
u cn xp x 70% in p chc thng c d kin.
10.2 Tng in p nh ca tng chui t 5% ti 10% gi tr
nh ca chui u. Bng I ca IEC 243-1 c th p dng
10.3 Cho php mt thi gian gia cc xung lin tip
my pht c np y . Thng thng mt thi gian bng 3 ln hng
s thi gian np ca my l .

290382522.doc

8 / 10

243-3

IEC

10.4 Thi gian cng c th c cho php gia cc xung lin

tip cho php tiu tan bt k in tch khng gian xm nhp
no. i vi nhiu vt liu, thi gian np ca my s bao gm c s vic
bt trc ny. i vi cc vt liu c mt thi gian gi li in tch
khng gian lu hn th cn qui nh c tnh ny trong bn cc
yu cu k thut ca vt liu. Nu thng tin ny khng bit, nhng thi
gian gi li in tch khng gian di c d kin th lc cn thc
hin cc th nghim b xung vi cc thi gian gia cc xung di hn,
xc nh nu thu c mt s khc nhau ng k i vi cc gi
tr chc thng.
10.5 Mt th nghim tha ng trn mt mu th l mt th
nghim trong cc sng in p c t vo khng gy h hng
t nht hai mc in p trc khi mt h hng xy ra mc th ba
hoc cc mc tip theo.
10.6 bn in mi phi c da vo gi tr nh danh
nh ca dy 3 sng in p cao nht, t vo khng b chc
thng. in p chc thng l in p danh nh ca chui sng tip
sau gy ra chc thng.
10.7 Khi s dng cc h thng in cc khng i xng th
cc th nghim ban u phi c thc hin xc nh cc tnh
sinh ra in p chc thng thp hn. Nu thu c cc khc nhau
ng k, th cn x dng cc tnh cho cc kt qu th nghim thp
hn.
10.8 Th nghim th
Nu mun p dng mt in p th nghim c d kin trc,
trong mt mc ch th nghim th hoc th nghim chu ng
th 3 xung in p phi c t vo mu th khi iu ny l cn
thit cho cc l do hiu chnh, ti 3 xung vi cc in p nh khng
vt qu 80% in p th c th t c trc khi p dng cc sng
in p th.
11. Tiu chun chc thng
iiu 10 ca IEC 243-1 c th p dng ... in p chc thng
bng xung l in p nh danh nh m sng gy ra s chc
thng t c nhng cha xy ra chc thng. in p chu ng l
in p nh danh nh cao nht ca mt chui 3 xung khng gy
chc thng.

12. S lng cc th nghim

290382522.doc

9 / 10

243-3

IEC

10

iu 11 ca IEC 243-1 c th p dng

13. Bin bn th nghim

Tr phi c qui nh tri ngc, bin bn th nghim phi gm c
cc ch dn sau :
a) Mt bn nhn dng y ca vt liu c th nghim,
mt bn m t cc mu th v phng php chun b chng.
b) Cc tnh ca cc sng xung
c) Gi tr trung tm ca cc bn in mi bng kV/mm
hoc ca cc in p chc thng bng kV
d) dy ca tng mu th (xem 4.4 ca IEC 243-1)
e) Tnh cht ca mi tng xung quang v nhit , p lc, v
m tng i ca n trong khi c cc th nghim, trong khng kh
hoc trong cc kh khc, hoc tnh cht v nhit mi trng xung
quanh khi trong cht lng.
f) H thng cc in cc
g) Cc gi tr ring ca bn in mi bng kV/mm v/hoc
in p chc thng bng kV
h) Kim nghim cc mu th trc khi th nghim
i) Cc mc ban u ca in p danh nh nh i vi tng
mu th
j) Mt ch dn loi v v tr chc thng trn mu th (v d
mp in cc) v chui no trong cc chui 3 xung gy ra s chc
thng i vi tng mu th.
k) V tr trn sng in p (mt sng, nh sng hoc ui
sng) chc thng i vi tng mu th.
i vi mt bin bn n gin ha th su im trn l cn
thit.

290382522.doc

10 / 10

243-3

IEC

11

Hnh 1. Sng in p xung ton sng

cc in cc

Phn cch in

290382522.doc

11 / 10

243-3

IEC

12

Hnh 2 B tr cc in cc i vi cc th nghim mu th
khng phng

290382522.doc

12 / 10