INTRODUCTION

Standard of living, level of consumption that an individual,

group or nation has achieved. It is a level of subsistence or
material welfare of a community, class, or person. It is the degree
to which peoples material, non material & social needs are
met & the population is provided with consumer goods & services.

SEMINA
R
Longevity of life, Infant mortality rate, Health
index, Role& functioning of community health
centers

Raising The
Standard Of
Living:
Bringing
science to
Home &
Community

The standard of living is expressed through a system of quantitative &

qualitative indexes that reflect its various aspects; these indexes
include:

Gross per Capita

Consumption of goods & services
The level of consumption of food products
Non food commodities & services
The real income of the population
Wage levels & the size of payments from social consumption funds
The length of the workday & the amount of leisure time

Housing conditions & educational, public health; & cultural indexes.

The standard of
living depends on the
productive forces are developed & on the
production relations.

degree to which
nature of

RAISING THE STANDARD OF LIVING

HISTORY OF A CONCEPT
The concept of raising the standard of living as a historical
phenomenon that emerges & is being transformed within a
polycentric order of different kinds of
knowledge : Economic theory,
Moral philosophy as well as political & social practices of special
interest are the epistemological differentiations of knowledge about the
standard of living between social expectations, practical knowledge,
theoretical orders of knowledge & basic religious confidence.
Until the late 19th Century, standards of living were
predominantly defined in normative terms, & poverty considered the
natural consequence of the indolent & improvident behavior of
the
undeserving poor.
Thus to raise the standard of living meant
to raise individual mortality, not to improve the structural
conditions of the
poor

1. Longevity
The word longevity is sometimes used as a synonym for life
expectancy in demography however, the term longevity
is
sometimes meant to refer only to especially long lived members of a
population, where as life expectancy is always defined statistically
as the average number of years remaining at a given age.
Various factors contribute to an individuals longevity. Significant factors
in life expectancy include:i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.

Gender
Genetics
Access to health care
Hygiene
Diet& Nutrition

vi.
vii.

Exercise
Lifestyle and crime rates.

2. Infant Mortality Rate

Infant mortality is the death of Aa child less than one year of age. Childhood
mortality is the death of a child before the childs fifth birthday. Infant mortality
takes away societies potential, physical, social & human capital.
Generally the most common cause worldwide has been dehydration from
diarrhea, a preventable disease; however a variety
of programs
combating this problem have decreased the rate of children dying
from dehydration. Many factors contribute to infant mortality
such as
the mothers level of education, environmental conditions & political &
medical infrastructure. Improving sanitation , access to clean drinking
water, immunization against infectious diseases, & other public health
measures could help reduce high rates of infant mortality.
Infant mortality rate [IMR] is the number of children less than one year of
age per 1000 live births. The rate for a given region is the number of
children dying under one year of age, divided by the number of live births
during the year, multiple by 1000.

Forms of infant mortality:

1, Prenatal mortality : It is the late fetal death [22 weeks gestation to
birth], or death of a newborn up to one week postpartum.
2, Neonatal mortality : It is newborn death occurring within 28
days postpartum. Neonatal death is often attributed to inadequate
access to basic medical care, during pregnancy & after delivery. This
accounts for 40-60 percentage of infant mortality in developing
countries.
3, Post neonatal mortality : It is the death of children aged 29
days to one year. The major contributors to post neonatal death are
malnutrition, infectious disease, & problems with the home environment.

Causes:
Leading causes of congenital infant mortality are malformations, sudden
infant death syndrome, maternal complications during pregnancy, & accidents
& unintentional injuries.

3. Health index
Health index is a network of physicians & researchers whose goal
is to help promote world health by providing extensive information
on prevention, wellness & therapy to the world community by:
Providing access to multiple biomedical databases &
information representing all health models & paradigms
worldwide.
Fostering better understanding & exchange between health
care providers of different disciplines.
And conveying valuable free information related
to
health & to keep to a minimum the subscription charge
for royalty based
biomedical indexes.
4.

Role & functioning of community

health centers

Community health centers, also referred to as community health services

[CHSS], operate across the state & aim to provide a broad range of
services & health promotion activities to local populations, particularly
those who have or are at risk of the poorest health & have the greatest
economic & social needs.
CHSS are agencies that receive Community Health Program funding from
the Department of Health. Community health services focus on health
promotion, &
disease prevention & management, which are designed to
improve the health & wellbeing of local residents, as well as take
pressure off the acute care health system.

Services offered:
The services offered vary between community health services,
depending on the needs of the local area. primary health services
could include:

Counseling and support services

Health promotion activities
Medical & Nursing services
Dental health

 Allied health, including audiology; dietetics;

exercise
physiology;
physiotherapy; podiatry; occupational therapy
& speech therapy.

Other

services

&

supports

may

include:

Aged care services

Alcohol & drug programs
Maternal & child health services
Mental health

programs

Disability services
Outreach services
Problem gambling programs
Re habitation programs
Support for self- help

Conclusion
A level of subsistence or material welfare of a community, class or
person OR the degree to which peoples material; non-material; & social
needs are met & the population is provided with consumer goods &
services is called STANDARD OF LIVING. Longevity of living, Infant
mortality rate, Health index, Role & functioning of community health
centers are included in standard of living.

References
www.wikipedia encyclopedia.org.in
www.google.com
An over view: health centers at the cross roads