specialist

1.3.1.
Business etiquette
1.1.
Konzernwissen:
voestalpine Konzern

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Preface
A positive attitude, confidence and a well-groomed appearance are inextricably linked in todays professional life. Outside appearance gets people
judged much faster than achievements, education or reliability. The very
first seconds of your appearance will decide what people think about you
and your image.
This is why the question shouldnt be, Do I need a certain image, but
instead
Is what other people think about me as accurate as possible?
Does your self-image correspond to how other people perceive you?
You simply cannot avoid having other people perceive you in a certain way.
So, you need to think about HOW you would like others to perceive you
before you let other people make such an important decision concerning
you. However, we are not talking about a persons artificial and unrealistic
outside packaging. Instead, the right kind of outfit and an appropriate
way of treating other people tends to upgrade a person and radiates a positive attitude, professionalism and competence.
Our dress, grooming and behavior create our IMAGE.
This seminar will help you achieve the following goals:
Create and expand your self-image
Create the best possible way of expressing your personality by matching and harmoniously combining clothing style with your individual
body features
Using business etiquette as a way of supporting your career.
You can perfect your outside appearance and the way you behave by
means of simple and easy to apply basic rules of image design and individual helpful hints. That way you will achieve a winning manner that will
impress your customers, coworkers and superiors.

Enjoy yourself and GOOD LUCK!

Peter Schneider Eva Kck-Eripek

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Module
1.3.1. Business etiquette

Mentor
Peter Schneider
voestalpine Rotec GmbH
Tel.: +43 50304 24-301
peter.schneider@voestalpine.com

Expert
Eva Kck-Eripek
IMAGE INSTITUT
Tel: + 43 650 50 660 50
eva@imageinstitut.com
www.imageinstitut.com

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Table of contents
Preface 2

For internal use only!

1. First impressions

2. Etiquette focus: Contact

2.1. Making contacts/acting confidently

2.2. Escorting

2.3. Greetings

2.4. Doing introductions the right way

2.5. Shaking hands

10

2.6. Titles

10

2.7 Business cards

10

3. Etiquette focus: Small Talk

11

4. Etiquette focus: Conversations

11

4.1 Appropriate communication/language

11

4.3. Phone conversations/greetings

12

5. Etiquette focus: Basic manners

13

5.1. Office manners

13

5.2. Manners at the restaurant,

theater and other events

13

5.3. Cellphones and smoking

13

5.4. Congratulating/gifts/condolences

14

6. Etiquette focus: Foreign countries

14

6.1. Etiquette and manners in other countries

14

7. Etiquette focus: Dining out

16

7.1. Table manners

16

7.2. Being a guest and host

17

7.3. Business meals

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8. Self-presentation and
image-building

19

9. Personal style

20

10. Styling

22

10.1. Body check

22

10.2. Styling rules

22

10.3. Basic rules for optical illusions

22

10.4. Proportion

22

12. Colors and signals

24

12.1. Using colors

25

12.2. Individual color harmony

25

13. Dress codes

27

13.1 Local dress codes

27

13.2. Dress codes depending on the occasion

27

13.3. Business-customary dress codes

28

14. Business attire

29

15. Checklist for your personal

appearance and image

32

16. Questions

33

17. Tables

35

18. Bibliography

35

19. Recommended reading (German)

35

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1. First impressions
When we meet people weve never met before, we pick up certain signals
that immediately trigger a number of reactions in us, such as:

What clothes are they wearing?

What about their facial expression?
What does their voice sound like?
What kind of language are they using?

These mental observations create an image of others within us. Or, more
brutally stated: We put labels on people. Since we cant always use ways of
personal contact to get to know people more closely, we are forced to create mental pictures of others. How true these pictures may be compared to
reality is a different issue. First impressions are hardly ever objective and
fair.
So, what determines if we like or dislike another person?

The Mehrabian Circle (named after Albert Mehrabian, an American psychologist) shows that only 7% of meaning is in the words that are spoken.
Non-verbal signals are more important. Words do transfer meaning; however, a persons voice and non-verbal factors set the mood.

In simplified terms this means

As far as first impressions are concerned, it is not important what you say,
but HOW you say it and what kind of a visual impression you leave!

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Voice
Issue
Non-verbal
factors

Voice
Melody of speech, pace of
speaking, pronunciation,
volume, pitch, pauses,
sentence length ...
Non-verbal factors
Facial expression, gestures, eye contact, posture,
appearance, colors, smells,
dress and grooming
Figure 1: Pie chart: First impressions and self-expression

Two or three key triggers are already enough to quickly let people form an
opinion based on other peoples appearance concerning intrinswic values
such as performance, competence and reliability. This psychological phenomenon is what makes wearers of glasses look more intelligent, although
glasses really only mean that someone has eye problems.
You dont get a second chance at a first impression!

2. Etiquette focus: Contact

2.1. Making contacts/acting confidently
An upright posture, maintaining eye contact, a friendly smile and clear
gestures: This is how you should approach people. Be sure to actively
approach people. They will be glad to get to know you. Think about and
let yourself feel making people feel welcome. Your body will be able to
express it!!
Always keep the following degrees of proximity in mind:

Intimate proximity:

0 to 60 cm (a business taboo!)

Personal proximity:

60 to 120/150 cm

Social proximity:

120/150 to 360 cm

Public proximity:

up to 500 cm

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2.2. Escorting
Escort your guests in a way to make them feel comfortable. Lead the way
through hallways or big rooms. Confidently walk ahead of your guest,
taking their walking speed into consideration. Unobtrusively lead the
way by opening closed doors. Open the door and then let your guests enter
first. Then you follow and close the door.
Your guests walk AHEAD of you into closed spaces. This applies particularly to meeting rooms and elevators (YOU press the button!), etc.
Walking up the stairs, your guests will walk ahead of you. Downstairs
YOU lead the way.
Some ladies would still like to treated as such by gentlemen. You might
want to take this into consideration. Inconspicuously direct your guests to
the most convenient seats. The seat to the right of the host is usually considered more comfortable than the one to the left. Make sure your guests
dont have to sit with their backs to a door or another person (it might make
them feel unsafe). It is also considered helpful when guests to have to look
into any lights.
Sitting across from others makes some people feel more uncomfortable
than sitting across the corner or at a round table (frontal = confrontational,
around corners or tables = cooperative).

2.3. Greetings
In Austria, a simple hello without shaking hands is considered much too
informal. Saying good morning or good day is the appropriate thing
to do.
The rule where women only rise to great older women no longer applies in
business settings. During introductions, each person rises, independently
of sex or age.

2.4. Doing introductions the right way

A persons name is a part of their personality. State your first and last name
loudly and clearly (not James-Bond-style!). Do NOT mention academic
degrees or titles of nobility. State your job title in a way that everyone can
understand what you mean (Europeans will usually use English job titles).

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2.5. Shaking hands

Extend your hand from a distance of approximately 3 meters. That way you
can see who of a group a several people will approach you first. Ladies
first only applies if everyone knows each other and there is no hierarchy.
Always greet the most important person first!
If there is no hierarchy, greet the person first with whom you are familiar.
This person will usually introduce you the others to you. If this isnt done,
greet one person after the other.
Your handshake should be firm, but not too firm. Ideally, you will shake
hands for several seconds while looking each other in the eyes. Should you
tend to have sweaty hands, try to wipe your hand first. There are also specials kinds of soap and anti-perspirant products that might help.

2.6. Titles
Where a large number of people with titles work in flat hierarchies,
proper titles are usually not used. If you join a team as a rookie, use
titles. If you are invited to so, leave them away.
DO NOT USE double names!
In the German speaking world, academic degrees should also be used.
If someone has more than one degree, use the highest one.
Titles of nobility are part of a persons name and should be used. Your
Highness is still used in some circles.
Awarded titles should be used; however, not with the persons spouse.

2.7 Business cards

Offer your business card when you are greeted by a new business contact. You will then be handed the other persons business card. This way
you both get an idea of what you need to know: Complete names, additional titles, positions within the company. Let the other person explain/
pronounce a foreign sounding name (opportunity for small talk!). Dont just
slide your business card across the table!. Get up and hand it to the other
person.

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3. Etiquette focus: Small talk

Small talk is a light but not superficial way of making conversation with the
goal of opening doors.
The first step is the most difficult one. Dont make things too simple for
yourself. Talk about things that you both have in common: Location, surroundings, occasion. You can also speak about the ambience: the food, the
lecture, your business relationships.
Other topics might include:
Cities, countries, nature, restaurants, national news, the arts, culture, literature, newspapers, traveling, vacation, hobbies, sports, food, drinking,
trends, jobs, working environment.
Launch a topic and if that shouldnt work, be flexible enough to change
topics. Avoid polarizing and provocative statements as well as platitudes.
State your opinion in a straightforward way and leave enough room to others to respond. Dont interrupt. Be a good listener by showing interest in
what others have to say. If you are uncomfortable with the topic, try to
change subjects.
Topics that need to be avoided at all costs:

Politics, religion, moral concepts and personal values; private issues such
as money, health, illness, family.

4. Etiquette focus: Conversations

4.1 Appropriate communication/language
When you are trying to join a group, approach them in a visible and open
way. Make eye contact with the person who is speaking at that moment.
Take the opportunity to join the conversation when there is short pause.
If nobody knows you in that group, take the opportunity to introduce
yourself.

4.2. For those familiar with German:

Polite vs. informal pronouns
Not all languages make a difference between formal and informal personal
pronouns. German does. DU is used informally and SIE is the formal personal pronoun.
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In German culture there are strict rules for hierarchies: The hierarchical
superior decides if the informal pronoun DU should be used.
On equal hierarchical levels, the person with higher seniority decides.
On equal seniority levels, age decides.
For colleagues who are the same age, DU is matter of negotiation.
Gender makes no difference.
There is also the option of using first names WITH the formal SIE.
The question if it is okay to use informal pronouns in front of customers
is usually a matter of company policy. It could possibly lead to misunderstandings and confusion if the polite SIE is used in front of foreign-language customers.

4.3. Phone conversations/greetings

Make sure that callers know that theyve reached the right extension.
Welcome to ! followed by good morning (or whatever might apply)
and your name. If necessary, mention your department.
Avoid speaking in a monotonous voice. Change your voice pitch and pronounce clearly. This will want to make people pay more attention.
After greeting the speaker, let them state their request. Only then is it your
turn to talk again.
Address people by their name and focus on your conversation.
Dont chew gum, dont file papers or type on your computer (unless the
caller knows you are supposed to be typing).
Use short sentences. More than 10 words in a row are hard to keep track of
in a phone conversation. Pause and hold.
Repeat figures and numbers. Spell names.
These things help in avoiding embarrassing mistakes.
At the end of the phone conversation repeat the most important issues and
agreements covered. Thank the caller.

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5. Etiquette focus:
Basic manners
5.1. Office manners
If you would like to work in peace, be sure to discuss the rules of teamwork.
If everyone sticks to these rules, then you can remind each other of them,
thus allowing everyone to work purposefully and successfully.
Say hello when you enter your office first thing in the morning.
Before entering other peoples office, be sure to knock even if you are
expected.
Only use other peoples workplace after having asked for permission to
do so. Use the phone or talk to others in the room in a low voice if there
are people at work. Keep private objects at a minimum on your desk.
Please, thank you and excuse me should be used frequently, even
with coworkers. Polite gestures, such as opening a door for someone, are
always a good idea.

5.2. Manners at the restaurant,

theater and other events
Leave your coat, large bags and umbrellas at the checkroom. Gentlemen
will help ladies with their coat.
At a restaurant, men will lead ladies to the table unless the waiter does
the leading. In that case, ladies will go first. If two couples are going to the
table, the ladies will go in the middle. When leaving the table, ladies go
first.
Should other people have to stand up for you to get your seats, make your
way through the row by facing people. Arm rests are often designed for
two seats. Dont hog them. And dont clap when its not time to clap.

5.3. Cellphones and smoking

Always turn your cellphone off during meetings and meals. If you are
expecting an important call, make sure to let the other person know about
that. Try not to use your phone in quiet zones and public buildings. Smokers are supposed to pick up on the following hints: No ash trays mean no
smoking! As long as your host doesnt smoke, you are not welcome to
smoke either. Only light up cigars or pipes after asking for permission!

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5.4. Congratulating, gifts and condolences

Most good wishes are quickly forgotten, so turn them into something
interesting! In a professional setting be sure to use high-quality paper (no
printed matter!) and write by hand. Here are the basics for wishing someone well: Address the recipient by name, mention the occasion, express
your good wishes, mention the gift (if appropriate), greet and sign your
name. It is always appropriate to create something special. Use the same
level if language you would normally use when speaking with this person.
Avoid empty phrases.
A gift ought to be nice surprise, so dont choose what YOU would like, but
what the recipient would like. The personal value of a gift should be more
important than costs.
Flowers are best given as a mixed bouquet in order to avoid any undesirable hidden meanings. Remove paper, leave protective plastic wrapping.
Written condolences are necessary, in case of bereavement. A letter is
much more personal than a store-bought card. Do not use letterhead paper.
Do not use any closing formulas. A phone call is not an appropriate substitute for a written letter of condolence. It can be, however, an additional
way of expressing your sympathy.

6. Etiquette focus:
Foreign countries
6.1. Etiquette and manners in other countries
If you dont want to embarrass yourself in a more and more global society, then you need to familiarize yourself with international dos and donts.
Learn more about dress and grooming in other countries and find out more
about their traditions and customs.
Nobody will expect you to completely integrate yourself and be perfect
from Day 1, but you will be a welcome guest if you are open for new things
and willing to accept others. It will literally open doors if you learn to say
please and thank-you and hello in the local language.

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Since many managers do business abroad over lunch or dinner (see Etiquette focus: Restaurant manners), you should familiarize yourself with
international table manners.
Here are some foreign customs:
France: Always order at least 3 courses
Italy: Everything is relaxed. People get together to enjoy themselves and
celebrate pleasure and indulgence
Russia: Vey large serving sizes. If you clean up your plate, you will be
served even more. Toasts must be returned. Everyone has to join in Down
in one!
Arabic world: No alcohol. Please only use your right hand for eating. Refusing food is considered impolite. Leave a small bit on your plate to signal
that you are full.
China: Smacking and slurping is permitted. Leave a small bit on your plate
to signal that you are full.
India: Vegetarian dishes are always a good choice. Use silverware in
restaurants; otherwise, use your right hand for eating.
Japan: Its okay to lift your rice or soup bowl to your mouth. Toasts must be
returned. Whoever asks for the restaurant bill is expected to pay.
U.S.A.: Some people only use forks or spoons. Table manners are casual.
After coffee you are immediately presented with the check.
Korea: Use chopsticks or spoons. The guest of honor or the oldest person
will begin to eat first. Smacking and slurping is permitted.

Etiquette focus: Helpful hints

You are blushing. Try as hard das possible to blush even more. You will
see that blushing gets better.
You forgot the other persons name? Ask for help instead of using a
wrong name. You only forgot a name, not a person. Use mnemonics to
help remember names.
Gossip poisons a good team. Youll have an audience, but soon thereafter a lousy reputation.
Are you not sure about what to wear and the dress code? Play it safe,
even if you have to call the host for information.
You are having a cough attack during a show or a play? No one will
question your intent if you relax and leave the theatre as quickly as
possible.

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Should you arrive at the restaurant ahead of your host, wait in the lobby
or at the bar. If this is impossible, then take a seat. Get up again when
the other guests arrive. Your host will decide who sits where.
You dropped your napkin? You tipped your glass over? In fancy restaurants there will always be a waiter to help you. Accept such help.
Should your cellphone start ringing, then apologized and turn it off.
If you must answer the call, then leave the room and only explain the
reason when you return without creating even more disturbance.
Admit mistakes. I just really put my foot in it! Please help me!

7. Etiquette focus: Dining out

7.1. Table manners
Some people will watch your table manners to see if you can present yourself flawlessly in public. This is why its good to know what youre doing.
Sit down at the table leaving about five inches between you and the table
and keep your back close to the backrest of the chair.
Place the napkin on your lap as soon as the meal is ordered. Dab you lips
with the napkin before you take a sip of your drink. Should you need to get
up, place the napkin loosely next to your plate or on your chair. At the end
of the meal, place the napkin next to your plate.
When you are resting or talking, your knife stays on the FOUR o'clock
position with blade turned inward and your fork at the EIGHT o'clock
position with tines up. To indicate that you have finished eating, the utensils are placed together on the plate with the fork tines up and the knife
turned inward in the lower, right-hand portion of the plate.
Work your way from the outside in, as far as using the cutlery is concerned.
The waiter will arrange your cutlery before serving dessert. Do not use a
knife for salad, dumplings, pasta and egg dishes. If using fingers is in order,
finger bowls will be provided.
If you need to remove something from your mouth, use the fork. Never use
a tooth pick at the dinner table.
You may raise your glass in a toast independent of what you are drinking. However, this is not done when there are a large number of guests
present. In this case, toasts are only proposed at very special occasions.

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When attempting a dinner speech, do not get peoples attention by clinking

your knife against your glass, but instead trust the power of your voice.
There is no need to wait for the person next to you to go the buffet table.
Never take your plate with you to the buffet table. Take small servings. You
can always go a second time. Never eat or drink at the buffet. On the other
hand, you can start eating even if people are still waiting in line.

7.2. Being a guest and host

As a guest it is your responsibility to make the host feel like his or her
efforts are appreciated and to do your best to make the party a success.
RSVP. Be sure to do that. Promptly. Say thank-you for an invitation four
different times: when you RSVP, when you arrive, when you leave, and the
day after. Either by phone or in writing.
If you have to decline an invitation, please note the following: The more
important your host is and the shorter the notice is, the better and more
convincing your reason has to be.
If you are the host, choose the right way of inviting people: What is the
occasion? What meal and entertainment are you serving? What should people be wearing? Also, be sure your invitation includes a map with explanations, if necessary.
Introduce guests to each other, should they be unfamiliar with each other.
Mention their full name and title, etc. Mention the names of the guests that
have just arrived; then mention the names of the people who are already
present.
The host will indicate that the meal is about to begin by raising his or her
glass. With a larger number of people, do not propose a toast by having
everyone clink their glasses. As soon as everyone is served, the host will
formally glance across the company and begin to eat.

7.3. Business meals

Different from two- or three-course lunches (often with no alcohol served),
business dinners are usually held at night.
If you are hosting the meal, you need to reserve a nice table and select
the courses in advance. Think about where the guests should be sitting.

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You will need to be able to see the servers. The seat to your right belongs to
the most important guest. Across from this person, the second most important guest gets to sit and next to that person maybe one of your employees
(to hand bread, etc. )
Wine-tasting is done by the host, or by the waiter (if asked to do so).
The meal is not paid for in front of the guests. You will need to take care of
that discreetly or afterwards.

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8. Self-presentation and
image-building
In order to present yourself authentically and confidently, as well as to communicate a positive image of your company, it is important to think about how
you affect other people. This is why you will now create your image profile.

What values are important to me?

What message should my outside appearance convey about myself?

Professionally:

Personally:

What are my strengths? What makes me particularly qualified?

What distinguishes me from other people?

Which target group am I trying to reach?

What company values do I underscore particularly well?

What would I have to change for my self-image and the way others perceive me to agree?

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9. Personal style
Individual style consists of a harmonious interplay between your exterior
body with its shape, proportions, height, grooming, color types and your
inner self, which is hidden to a certain degree. It includes your character,
personality and values, but also how you express yourself in terms of body
language, facial expressions and gestures, your voice and pronunciation.
In order to find a good style, you will need to know how you want others
to see you.

How do I want to be seen by others?

How can I be seen by others?
How do others actually see me?

Here are some options:

active
affluent
aloof
amicable
artistic
buoyant
caring
casual
cheerful
conspicuous
controlled
courageous
courteous
creative
cultivated
determined
dignified
distinct
elegant
endearing
energetic
enigmatic
enthusiastic
expressive

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exuberant
formal
friendly
funny
generous
gentle
good-tempered
happy
helpful
imaginative
independent
ingenious
intellectual
interesting
laid-back
lively
natural
open-minded
orderly
patient
persuasive
playful
powerful
practical

reassuring
refreshing
relaxed
romantic
self-confident
sensitive
sexy
sincere
sociable
spirited
strong
stylish
successful
sweet
tender
traditional
trustworthy
unassuming
understanding
unflappable
versatile
vibrant
vital

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My personal style that I prefer/ways of combining items of clothing

My preferred style in business

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10. Styling
10.1. Body check
Emphasize the positive attributes of your body and try to conceal any weak
points by choosing flattering patterns and styles. For this you have to know
the shape of your body and its proportions.
Now you are ready to choose the most flattering necklines, lapels, collars,
and cuts for your shirts, jackets, slacks, suits, and accessories.

10.2. Styling rules

The taller a person or the longer a part of the body is, the more it looks
good to divide or interrupt the pattern or flow.
The shorter a person or a part of the body is, the less you should divide
or interrupt the flow.
You can divide or interrupt the flow with colors or shapes.
Remember: Color has a more poignant effect than shape.
The plumper a person or a part of the body is, the more flowing and soft
the silhouette should be.
The thinner a person or part of the body is, the fuller a silhouette
may be.
Vertical lines create a more slender look, horizontal lines make you
look wider.

10.3. Basic rules for optical illusions

Lighter colors appear first in contrast to darker colors, which stand back
The same is true for shiny vs. matt fabrics and patterned vs. single colors.
Knowing this, you can either emphasize or de-emphasize certain parts of
your body.

10.4. Proportion
Proportions of clothing items, fabrics, accentuations and accessories should
harmonize with your size and girth.

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11. My personal styling ideas

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12. Colors and signals

Colors are a form of nonverbal communication
Just like smells, colors go directly to the brains emotional center, triggering
similar reactions in people all over the world. Each color has a distinct message and can improve your performance, meetings or negotiations.

Use the power of colors!

Being aware of what responses colors can trigger in people, you will know
what signal you are sending to others, thus being able to convey a higher
degree of competency and self-confidence.

Red is the color of power

Red is powerful, strong, flashy, overt, extroverted, optimistic, passionate, an
eye-catcher; it stands for energy, love, passion, sexiness, self-confidence,
pleasure, courage, but also for chaos, egotism, revolution and danger. It is
an alarm color.

Yellow is the color of communication

Yellow is happy, optimistic, inspiring, sensitive; it stands for light, brightness, friendliness, solutions, change, curiosity, a thirst for knowledge,
self-development, enlightenment, but also for avarice, jealousy and envy.
It is a warning color.

Blue is the color of competency

Blue is cool, delightful, quiet, still, peaceful; it stands for depth, loyalty,
bonding, respectability, honesty, tradition, order, yearning, vastness, but
also for boredom, dreaming and coldness. It is the color of orderliness.

Green is the color of harmony

Green is calming, counterbalancing, relaxing, stands for hope, growth,
nature, stability, self-respect, harmony, safety and security, peace, contentment, but also for immaturity, stagnation and poison. It is the color of safety
and security.

Orange is the color of activity

Orange is warm, active, natural; it stimulates the sense, it is loud, adventurous and stands for zest for life, self-confidence, autonomy, communication,
affluence, fire, fertility, but also for pushiness and shadiness.
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Purple is the color of dominion

Purple is solemn, festive, striking, enigmatic, unsettled; it stands for autonomy, extravagance, dignity, cleverness,; it is the color of kings; it stands for
dominion, spirituality, but also for aggression, mysticism, deceit and vanity.

White
White is fresh, clean, distinct, minimalistic, light, sterile, hard, boring, inviolable; it stands for innocence, purity, wisdom, perfection, holiness, but
also for coldness, emptiness and sacrifice.

Gray
Gray is unassuming, matter-of-fact, neutral, elegant, respectable, old-fashioned; it stands for discretion, submission, and age, but also for inconspicuousness, paleness, hopelessness and boredom.

Black
Black is mysterious, introverted, narrow, hard, heavy, strict, evil; it stands
for night, elegance, power, constriction, depth, withdrawal, raciness and
eroticism but also for rebellion, violence, death, grieving and forbidden
things.

12.1. Using colors

Select the best colors for your own personal color type and pay attention to what different nuances do.
Never use more than 2 big and basic color groups. If you are using a
third one, choose a neutral color.
Pay attention to how you distribute basic colors and light and strong
colors.
Try using the same color for different things (for example, your shirt
and your tie are the same color, or your necklace and belt, etc.)

12.2. Individual color harmony

Color typology based on seasonal color analysis is based on the work by
the Swiss painter and art teacher Johannes Itten.
Colors and People:
Pigments in hemoglobin, carotene, and melanin create a persons color
typology that is expressed through skin, eyes and hair.

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The following color criteria come in pairs:

Color composition (cool warm)
Color intensity (light dark)
Degree of clarity (clear subdued)
The aim is to achieve harmony between a persons natural, own colors and
those colors that you add (through clothing, accessories, hair, etc.). The
right colors will give a person a fresher, younger and more harmonious
look.

MY MOST IMPORTANT COLOR CRITERIA

MY PERSONAL COLORS HELPFUL IDEAS and combinations

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13. Dress codes

Dress codes are local. They also depend on the occasion and on customs
typical for a certain line of business or leisure activities.

13.1 Local dress codes

Culture, customs and a number of other influences have determined and
still continue to determine rules concerning dress and grooming in different countries.
Please be sure to always ask about any applicable dress codes and codes
of behavior in different countries in order to avoid putting your foot in your
mouth, or even worse!
In the world of business, local dress codes are becoming more and more
international and global. However, should you be invited to dinner or
receive a private invitation, be sure to inquire concerning local dress codes
instead of insisting on your own.

13.2. Dress codes depending on the occasion

Social settings and other influences determine these dress codes.
Here are some examples of formal dress codes often to be found printed
on an invitation:
Casual Casual does not mean showing up in your sweats. Casual
means jeans and a blazer/shirt, no tie, maybe a sweater.
Smart-casual This means at least jeans and a blazer/suit coat with
and shoes. Ladies: coat and skirt or pantsuit, top and jewelry. Men: A
suit and polo shirt instead of a dress shirt, or a dress shirt and scarf tie.
Dark suit or elegant clothing This means that jeans are absolutely
taboo. Women: Suit or pant suit, maybe even that little black number. Men: Dark suit, dress shirt and light-colored necktie.
Smoking cocktail dress black tie This means a tuxedo for men
and a (short) dress for women.
Tail coat/cutaway evening dress white tie Men will wear a
tail coat or cutaway (not after 5 p.m.); women will wear an evening
gown/dress. For weddings a cocktail dress (and a jacket at night) is
acceptable.

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Some examples of dress codes depending on certain occasions

Celebrations: Suit; a dress that is not patterned too much. Light colors
for the day, dark colors at night.
Weddings: Hats for ladies if the mother of the bride will be wearing a
hat. No white, no black, just pastel colors or neutral colors. An elegant dress or more see above. Material: Depending on the season.
Men: A suit with a light-colored tie or more see above, e.g.., a tailcoat.
Funerals: Black. Gloves, dark sunglasses, if necessary.
Evening dinner: No business casual! Top quality fabrics, dark colors,
elegant shoes. Ladies: Heavier jewelry.

As always, be aware of local customs (see Local Dress Codes). When it

comes to deciding on what to wear there is a big difference if the event is
supposed to take place during the day or at night, indoor or outdoor.

13.3. Business-customary dress codes

Rules on what to wear at work depend on the following:
The line of business
Type of work/where you work
Status/position
Corporate philosophy
The occasion (meetings, appointments with customers, trade shows,
negotiations, official representation, just sitting at your desk).

Business casual: Management positions in business and banking usually

require classic muted colors such as dark blue, bluish-gray, gray, camel-color, dark brown, white.
Classic styles, simple and high-quality cuts.

Creative jobs: Here, style can be more casual. Creativity is often expressed
through very individualistic or even outlandish styles. Of course, there
is always a hierarchy that needs to be maintained within the company.
(Therefore, employees should go by what their superiors wear).

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As a rule, the following applies:

Professionalism is shown through clear and simple styles and neutral
colors.
Creativity is shown through an individualistic or even colorful or unusual
style.
Respect for a cause or another person is shown through a well-groomed
appearance and high-quality, well-matched attire.

What are the signals people send by wearing inappropriate attire?

I do not find it necessary to
I want to make a point of
I feel like provoking you
I dont care
I am clueless

Appropriate attire underscores a persons personality and competence.

It shows that a person is capable of differentiating between different situations in life.

14. Business attire

The following suggestions apply to business attire:
Colors: Wardrobe basics in the white, cream, beige, camel-color, dark blue,
dark green, all brown and gray shades, anthracite-colored, taupe, black.

- They can be combined with all harmonious colors

that match your type.

- NEVER use more than 2 big color blocks.

Fabrics: Wrinkle-resistant, soft fabrics, high quality and well-made (e.g.

Merino wool, Cool Wool, combed yarn, camel hair, cashmere wool, wool,
cotton and mixed fabric).

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Styles should match the shape, features, and proportions of your body.
NEVER: Too tight, too wide, too short or too long.
Patterns should match your personality; in a business setting they should
NEVER be too big, eye-catching, unsubtle, or humorous.
Accessories should always match your style and physical appearance.
Often, accessories can be used as an opportunity to turn a rather neutral
and formal outfit into something special or individual. Accessories in a
business setting should always be tasteful and stylish.
Try to afford outfits that will yield the best possible value for the money
you can afford. Quality always shows, especially after having worn items
of clothing a lot. Also, look for excellent fit because even an expensive suit
that doesnt fit well looks sloppy.
Be sure to look for a professional combination of colors, fabrics, patterns,
and accessories. Outfits that are either too conservative or too shrill will not
help you present yourself in an appropriate way.

The following are absolute DONTS for business attire:

Women
Low cleavage/neckline
Short (mini)skirts (at least knee-length!)
Transparent looks
Too much skin (cover your shoulders and midriff region!)
Slacks with low-fitting hemlines
Too much costume jewelry
Pantyhose with runs (keep a second pair handy!)
Fishnet stockings
Socks when wearing pumps
Sandals, flip-flops
(Makeup) stains in your clothing
Chipped nail polish and (artificial) fingernails that are too long

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Men
White socks, ill-fitting socks (and in a business setting: colored socks)
Slacks at half-mast
Belly-burst shirts
Neckties (too short/too long)
Visible gold necklaces
Comb-overs or ill-fitting toupees
A bad shave
Visible chest hair above the collar
Visible cigarette boxes, pens or cell phones in shirt pockets

Both
Clothing too tight/too slim-fitting
Worn clothing
Crumpled clothing, wrinkles and stains
Bad fake brands
Obvious cheap brands, especially shoes, handbags, and belts
Dirty shoes and worn-down heals
Dirty, unmanicured fingernails
Greasy hair
Visible hair (armpits, legs)
Dandruff
Tattoos, piercings, plugs
Too much/bad, unsuitable perfume
Body odor, sweat marks

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15. Checklist for your personal

appearance and image
I am making an effort to work on my image.
My appearance underscores my abilities.
I know the difference between my self-image and how others see me.
I can describe my outside appearance in 2 to 3 sentences (so that
another person would be able to recognize me).
Some of the ways I dress make me recognizable.
I have external features that make me unmistakable.
I am aware of the strengths and weaknesses of my external features
and I know how to use them.
I know how to define my style.
My wardrobe is an expression of my style.
Ive found a clothes brand/label that matches my style.
My body language and gait underscore my style.
Im aware of the fact that my posture influences my feelings and what
I radiate.
My voice and intonation match my personality.
Even in unknown realms I know how to act assured and with
self-confidence.
I am familiar with dress codes and etiquette.
No matter what role I have to take on, I am always myself and I act in
an authentic manner.
I am capable of underscoring our company philosophy by means of my
personality.
I know what I really want and I am willing to work for that.
I can inspire people with my own enthusiasm.

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16. Questions
(1) Are you distinctive ? Do you have a brand labeled ME? What are its
characteristics?

(2) What features of our company philosophy can you underscore by

means of your personality?

(3) How would you introduce yourself to a business partner who doesnt
know you (name, job title, company, etc.)?

(4) Which topics are suitable for small talk?

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(5) Which rules of etiquette apply to a business dinner?

(6) Do you always foot the bill (if you are hosting)?

(7) How do you express co-operation when talking to a customer?

(8) Do you ALWAYS greet a lady first in a business setting, even though
she is lower-ranked?

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17. Tables
Figure 1: Circle, first impressions and self

18. Bibliography
Mehrabian, Albert: Silent messages. Belmont, CA, 1971

19. Recommended reading (German)

Schfer-Elmayer, Th.: Der Business Elmayer so verbinden Sie Karriere
mit Stil. Ecowin Verlag, 2007
Wrede-Grischkat, R.: Manieren und Karriere internationale Verhaltensregeln fr Fhrungskrfte. Gabler Verlag, 2001
Uhl, G. und Uhl-Vetter, E: Business-Etikette in Europa. Gabler Verlag, 2004
Commer, H. und vonThadden,J: Managerknigge das internationale ABC
der erfolgreichen Umgangsformen. Econ Verlag. 2002
Schmidt-Hildebrand, A. und Hildebrand, D.: Image + Stil=Erfolg!
Redline Verlag, 2008
Piras, C. und Roetzel, B.: Die Lady - Handbuch der klassischen Damenmode. Monte Verlag, 2004
Roetzel, B: Der Gentlemen Handbuch der klassischen Herrenmode.
Tandem Verlag, 2009
Cerwinka, G. und Schranz, G.: Beim ersten Eindruck gewinnen - Professionell agieren in Alltag und Business. Linde Verlag, 2006
Greisinger, M.: Ihr ICH als unverwechselbare Marke. Edition Stoareich,
2006

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4020 Linz, Austria
T. +43/50304/15-0
F. +43/50304/15/55+Ext.
www.voestalpine.com