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UsingMohr'sCircletoFindPrincipalStressesandAnglesForDummies
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UsingMohr'sCircletoFindPrincipalStressesandAngles
ByJamesH.Allen,III
PartoftheMechanicsofMaterialsForDummiesCheatSheet
AnyoneinthemechanicalsciencesislikelyfamiliarwithMohr'scircleausefulgraphicaltechniqueforfindingprincipalstresses
andstrainsinmaterials.Mohr'scirclealsotellsyoutheprincipalangles(orientations)oftheprincipalstresseswithoutyourhaving
topluganangleintostresstransformationequations.
StartingwithastressorstrainelementintheXYplane,constructagridwithanormalstressonthehorizontalaxisandashear
stressonthevertical.(Positiveshearstressplotsatthebottom.)Thenjustfollowthesesteps:
1. PlottheverticalfacecoordinatesV(xx,xy).
2. PlotthehorizontalcoordinatesH(yy,xy).
YouusetheoppositesignoftheshearstressfromStep1becausetheshearstressesonthehorizontalfacesarecreatinga
couplethatbalances(oractsintheoppositedirectionof)theshearstressesontheverticalfaces.
3. DrawadiameterlineconnectingPointsV(fromStep1)andH(fromStep2).
4. SketchthecirclearoundthediameterfromStep3.
ThecircleshouldpassthroughPointsVandHasshownhere.
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UsingMohr'sCircletoFindPrincipalStressesandAnglesForDummies
5. Computethenormalstresspositionforthecircle'scenterpoint(C).
6. Calculatetheradius(R)forthecircle.
7. DeterminetheprincipalstressesP1andP2.
8. ComputetheprincipalanglesP1andP2.
Youcouldalsouseequationsdirectly(insteadofMohr'scircle)todeterminetransformedstressesatanyangle:
ToconstructaMohr'scircleforstrainortousethetransformationequations,substitutexxforxx,yyforyy,and(0.5)xyforxy
intheprecedingequations.
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