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Pressure:
Pressure can be measured externally as in the case of blood pressure
measurement, where the gauge pressure in the compression cuff is measured as
this is deflated to estimate the internal pressure in the artery as shown in Fig. 2.
Solid-state pressure transducers are available for the purpose in a variety of
ranges and accuracies. Miniature pressure transducers allow intra-arterial
pressure measurement and catheterised insertion of transducers into the heart
for long term monitoring. They are also available for other locations such as the
eye.
Fig. 3
Flow:
The rate of flow of air into and out of the lungs is important in the
diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as asthma and lung cancer as well as
other pulmonary complaints. The flow of blood in narrowed arteries which have
suffered stenosis or through damaged valves in the heart is also an important
measurement, which can be accomplished through the use of miniature
transducers that can be inserted through catheters.
Photo
Fig. 7
Parameter
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
Pressure Range:
100
kPa
Supply Current:
2.7
mA
Full-scale Span:
75
110
150
mV
Sensitivity:
750
1100
1500
V/kPa
Offset Voltage:
-35
-20
mV
+48
V/OC
-2400
-2150
-1900
ppm/OC
4.65
+690
+750
+810
ppm/OC
+0.2
+0.5
%FS
Offset T. C.:
Sensitivity T.C.:
Bridge Resistance:
Resistance T.C.:
Lin & Hys Error:
output
voltage
sensitivity
variation
offset
variation
ideal linear
characteristic
applied pressure
where RB is the change in the resistance, RB, of an arm of the bridge, which is
proportional to the applied pressure and VB is the bridge supply voltage.
The output voltage at the negative output terminal, pin 4, of the
transducer is given as:
6
Fig. 10.
Since T cannot be taken as zero this requires:
so that:
These values are only calculated for design purposes and perfect matching for
compensation is achieved during the calibration process. A simple calibration
procedure is:
Set the ambient temperature to the lower value ( this may be the reference
temperature T0 but does not have to be)
Set input applied pressure to zero
Adjust the nominal value of the offset cancellation voltage, VOC0, to get an
output voltage of zero from the conditioning amplifier
Set the applied pressure to its full-scale value
Adjust the gain, G, or the nominal bridge supply voltage, VB0, to bring the
output of the conditioning amplifier to the specified full-scale value
Raise the ambient temperature to its higher value
9
10