Classifiers

Classifiers Kinds
GravitySettling
Settlingtank,Elutriator,Spitzkasten,Doubleconeclassifier,HydraulicJig,Riffledtable
Centrifugalseparators
Hydrocyclones
y
y
Electrostaticseparators
Floatation
Floatation

GravitySettlingTank

Tank
largevolume medium(H
( 2O)lowvelocity
)
Suspensioncontainingparticles introducedintotank
veryfinescarriedawaywiththeliquid
smallparticles travelfartherfrominletbeforereachingbottom
highUt collectnearinlet
Ifinsolidformintroduceddownachute,thepositionatwhich
theparticlesaredepositedwillbedeterminedbytherateat
whichtheylosethehorizontalcomponentoftheirvelocities

Surface velocity classifier

Surfacevelocityclassifier

Spitzkasten
Commercialadaptationofsurfacevelocityclassifier
Commercial adaptation of surface velocity classifier
WoodenPyramidalboxes/rivetedsteelsheetcones
ConicalvesselsarearrangedintheorderofincreasingC/s
area for
areafor
Amountofliquidtobehandledincludesallthewater
usedforclassifyinginpreviousvessels
partlybecauseitisdesiredtoreduceinstagesthe
tl b
it i d i d t
d
i t
th
surfacevelocityofthefluidflowingfromonevesselto
next
Coarsestcollectednearfeedpoint,finestattheexitoflast
compartment
Generallyforsizingoperations
fordp <4meshparticlesi.e.,5mm
workswithhighconcentrations:215kg/s
Usedpopularlyfororedressing
Limitations/Disadvantages
Fractionsnotsharplyseparated
Sizeofmaterialcollectedineachunitdependson:
rateoffeedingofsuspension
upwardvelocityoftheliquidinthevessel
diameterofvessel

Relativelylargequantityofwaterrequired
Fractionswithdrawnfromspigotscontainlarge
amountofwatertopreventplugging

FreeSettlingClassifier
separating particles based on their size shape and
separatingparticlesbasedontheirsize,shapeand
density,usingastreamof gas or liquidflowingina
directionusuallyoppositetothedirectionof
y pp
sedimentation
Fluidatcontrolledvelocityfedfrombottom
Smallerorlighterparticlesrisetothetop(overflow)
becausetheirterminalfallingvelocities arelowerthanthe
velocityoftherisingfluid.
SolidswithhigherUt settledownagainsttheupward
current
Relativelysmallersolids(lowerUt)riseupalongwiththe
current
SeriesofsuchelutriatorswithrelativelylargerC/scanbe
usedtoseparatethesolidsintomultiplefractions
Predominatelyusedforparticleswithsize(>1m)

Elutriation or Sizing by Free settling

ElutriationorSizingbyFreesettling

Double cone classifier

Doubleconeclassifier
Fixedexternalconewithsourceoffluid(hydraulicwater),
spigotattip,peripheraloverflowlaunderaroundopenend
Concentricinnertruncatedconesupportedsothatthe
heightofthisconerelativetooutercone adjustedbya
handwheel
Feedflowsdownwithininnerconeoutoftheopening
againstabaffle

Analysing
column

Hydraulicorotherfluidandfeedmixed@vicinityofbaffle
andriseinspacebetweentwocones
Adjustmentofheightofinnerconeandcontrolof
hydraulicwater determinesfluidvelocityinspace
betweencones(i.e.analyzingcolumn)
Capacityofdoubleconeclassifier=1.8A*Y**s
A MinimumC/sareaofannularspace(inSq.ft.)
Y Volumeconcentration,i.e.,vol.ofsolid/vol.of
total
Velocityintheanalyzingcolumn(fps)
s Densityofsolids(lb/cu.Ft.)

GaycoPneumaticClassifier

Drysolidfeedentersthroughhollowshaftfallsupon
rotatingfeederplate
Circulatingfancausesairtocirculateupwardandoutward
throughtheinnercylinder carryingfinesintooutercone
Circulating air returns through slots in the inner cylindrical
Circulatingairreturnsthroughslotsintheinnercylindrical
section
Oversizesettlesdownthroughthecirculatingairinto
bottomofinnerconeseparatelyremoved
Finessettleoutthroughouterconeremovedseparately
atbottom
For100 400meshparticles

http://sturtevantinc.com/demo/Whirlwind.html

Tabling

Shakingtable Panningofgold goldminer

toseparatemoredensegoldfromless
dense rock/gangue
denserock/gangue
Separationoftwomaterialsofdifferent
densitiesbypassingdilutepulpoveratable
ordeck
d k
Inclination 2to5degreesfromhorizontal
Reciprocating horizontal motion or shake
Reciprocatinghorizontalmotionorshake
150to37perminute slowforwardmotion
andafastreturn causesmaterialtomove
forward
Surfaceoftable coveredwithcanvas,
linoleum,cementprovidedwithgroovesor
cleatsorformrifflesparalleltodirectionof
p
tablemotionoratanangle
Cleats 0.250.5wideand(1/16)to
(1/8) hi h
(1/8)high,spaced0.5to2apart
d 0 5 t 2
t
Netmovementofparticles resultantof
twoforcesappliedtothem
pp
tiltoftableand
velocityandthicknessofwaterflowingover
it

Tabling

Jigging

Specialformofhinderedsettling
Stratificationofparticlesintolayers giving
opportunitytosettleorfallforshortperiodsof
timeandthenremovingthestratifiedlayers
i.e.,separationbasedoninitialfallingvelocities
ofparticles
Whenresistanceforcetofrictioneffectsarenot
developedyet,i.e.,dragforce~0
Accelerationofparticlea=(1(/s))g
Initialvelocitydependson(i)gravity,(ii)density
Initial velocity depends on (i) gravity (ii) density
ofparticleandofthefluid
Independentofsizeandshapeofparticle
Thussortingoftwomaterialsbasedondensity
Thus sorting of two materials based on density
Relativeaccelerationoftwomaterials
aA/aB ={(A )B)/(B )A}

Fixedscreendiaphragmjig

JiggingBasis

Curve1:slateparticleofsameshapeandsizeas
coalparticleincurve2
Curve2:largecoalparticle
Curve3:mediumslateparticle
Curve4:smallestslateparticle
Curve5:smallcoalparticle
distanceaparticlefallsintimetistheintegral
p
g
of(vdt)withinlimitsof0tot,i.e.,theareaunder
curve
Ifthetimeofsortingorsettlingallowedtoextend
If the time of sorting or settling allowed to extend
tot2 areaundercurves2qnd 4arenearly
equalimpossibletoseparatethetwoparticles
equal jigging i.e.,theysettleequaldistancesin
equaljigging
i e they settle equal distances in
theallowedsettlingperiod

Jigging basedontheinitialvelocityofthefallingparticle

Electrostaticclassification
Rolls

Pinpointelectrode
Basedondifferenceofbehaviourofparticlesinelectricfield
(i)Electricchargeonparticle,(ii)differencebetweendielectric
constantsofparticleandsurroundingmedium
Conductiveparticlecomingincontactwithchargedsurfaceorscreen
rollssometimesreplacedbyinclinedchutes

Conductanceseparators
A InitialMaterial
Blessconductive
Cmoreconductive

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