1.

Alternative Learning System

The Alternative Learning System (ALS) - is a free education program implemented by the Department of
Education (DepEd) under the Bureau of Alternative Learning System which benefits those who cannot
afford formal schooling and follows whatever is their available schedule. The program provides a viable
alternative to the existing formal education instruction, encompassing both the non-formal and informal
sources of knowledge and skills

ALS aims to open more educational opportunities for Filipino citizens of different interests, capabilities
of demographic characteristics, socioeconomic origins and status as well as addressing the needs of
marginalized groups.

The program cuts the time needed to finish high school, hence, significantly cuts the expenses as well.
Aside from giving hope to the less fortunate, it also provides opportunities to Out-of-School Youths
(OSY) and adults elementary and secondary school drop-outs; industry-based workers; housewives;
maids; factory workers; drivers; members of cultural minorities; indigenous people and the
disabled/physically challenged

2. Basic education - refers to the whole range of educational activities taking place in various settings
(formal, non formal and informal), that aim to meet basic learning needs. According to the International
Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), basic education comprises primary education (first stage of
basic education) and lower secondary education (second stage). In countries (developing countries in
particular), Basic Education often includes also pre-primary education and/or adult literacy programs.

Universal basic education is regarded as a priority for developing countries and is the focus of the
Education For All movement led by UNESCO.

3. School clusters - can be any group of schools geographically close together, where the individual
schools in the group interact or would like to interact with one another. Connecting teachers into
focused networks ;

promoting participation in education structures

decentralising decision-making processes

encouraging creative solutions

advancing flexible and innovative approaches to school management and teaching practice

sharing skills and experience

empowering

4. Integrated school - A school that has been integrated has been made into one in which students, faculty,
staff, facilities, programs, and activities combine individuals of different races.

5. The Meaning of Education Quality

The precise meaning of education quality and the path to improvement of

quality are often left unexplained. Examined within context, education quality

apparently may refer to inputs (numbers of teachers, amount of teacher

training, number of textbooks), processes (amount of direct instructional time,

extent of active learning), outputs (test scores, graduation rates), and

outcomes (performance in subsequent employment). Additionally, quality

education may imply simply the attaining of specified targets and objectives.

More comprehensive views are also found, and interpretation of quality may be;

based on an institution’s or program's reputation, the extent to which schooling

has influenced change in student knowledge, attitudes, values, and behavior,

or a complete theory or ideology of acquisition and application of learning

6. A pull-out program - is one in which gifted children are taken out of their regular
classroom for one or more hours a week and provided with enrichment activities
and instruction.

Pull-out programs may begin as early as first grade, but more typically start in third
grade. They are usually content specific; that is, they generally provide enrichment
in language arts (particularly reading) or in math.

7. Hearing impaired - Having a diminished or defective sense of hearing, but not deaf; hard of hearing.

Completely incapable of hearing; deaf.

8. Visually impaired - means a medically verified visual impairment accompanied by limitations in sight
that interfere with acquiring information or interaction with the environment to the extent that special
education instruction and related services may be needed .

having any defect of vision, whether disabling or not.

9. Orthopedically handicapped -are those who have some handicap related to their muscles or bones
like your bones are too weak to enable you to lead a normal life or like it happens in polio or paralysis
when your muscles stop moving its a precise term.