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QUESTION

What is the axial skeleton

composed of?

Choose the correct statement

about orbits:

Which vertebra has no body?

Which capsule encloses the

temporal mandibular joint like a
tube?

Which artery branches off to the

posterior superior alveolar artery
and the inferior alveolar artery?

Mixed cranial nerves contain both

sensory and motor fibres except
which of the following:

Which amino acid is important in

the buffering action of proteins at
physiological pH values?

Which of the following is a

ketogenic amino acid?

A protein domain is defined as:

ANSWERS
a) Skull, spinal column, ribcage
b) Skull, spinal column, pelvis
c) Shoulder blade and
d) Arms, legs, hands, feet
e) Shoulder blades, arms and ...
a) Orbit is made up of facial and
cranial bones
b) Orbit is made up of only
cartilage
c) Orbit is made up of facial bones
only
d) Orbit is made up of cranial
bones only
a) Atlas
b) Axis
c) Last lumbar
d) Last cervical
e) None of the above
a) Bowmans capsule
b) Crossby capsule
c) Hyelin capsule
d) Fibrous capsule
e) Synovial capsule
a) Facial artery
b) Lingual artery
c) Maxillary artery
d) Buccal artery
e) None of the above
a) Olfactory
b) Vagus
c) Trigeminal
d) Facial
e) Glossopharyngeal
a) Histidine
b) Glutamic acid
c) Lysine
d) Serine
e) Proline
a) Aspartate
b) Glycine
c) Alanine
d) Glutamate
e) Lysine
a) An independent folded
structure within a polypeptide
with an independent function
b) An independently folded
protein structure which can
interact with other similar
structure via non-covalent
interactions
c) An independently folded

1
0

In competitive enzyme inhibition,

Km:

1
1

A prosthetic group is defined as:

1
2

Sugar acids are monosaccharides

that have:

1
3

Which of these statements are

false?

1
4

Pyruvate dehydrogenase is made

up of which 3 enzymes?

protein structure which can

increase the rate of reaction by
reducing the activation energy
d) An independently folded
protein structure which can
couple two reactions
e) An independently folded
protein structure which is
extremely rich in beta pleated
sheets and undergoes
conformation change at a low
pH
a) Does not change
b) Always goes down
c) Always goes up
d) Has no significance
e) Can predict the direction of
reaction
a) A part of polypeptide required
for its biological function
b) Non-protein component bound
to a protein for its activity
*missing 3 options
a) A carbonyl group reduced to a
primary hydroxyl group
b) A carbonyl group reduced to a
secondary hydroxyl group
c) A hydroxyl group replaced with
a hydrogen
d) A hydroxyl group oxidized to a
carbonyl group
e) A phosphate group attached
a) Active transport requires ATP
b) Facilitated diffusion requires
GTP
c) Transport of water inside a cell
takes place by simple diffusion
d) Transport of CO2 inside a cell
takes place by simple diffusion
e) Amino acids are transported by
active transport
a) Pyruvate decarboxylase,
dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase &
lipoamide reductase
b) Pyruvate carbokinase,
dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase
and lipoamide reductase
transacetylase
c) Pyruvate decarboxylase,
dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase
and lipoamide reductase

1
5

If G for a reaction is positive, the

reaction is said to be?

1
6

Conversion of Phosphoenol
pyruvate into pyruvate is the last
reaction of glycolysis. This
reaction is catalysed by:

1
7

An example of peripheral
membrane protein is:

1
8

Specialised membrane transport

proteins, termed channel proteins:

1
9

Concerning ion-gated channels,

which of the following statements
is false?

2
0

Ionotropic receptors:

transacetylase
d) Pyruvate kinase, dihydrolipoyl
dehydrogenase and lipoamide
reductase transacetylase
e) Lactate dehydrogenase,
dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase
and lipoamide reductase
transacetylase
a) Endergonic
b) Exergonic
c) Endothermic
d) Exothermic
e) Reversible
a) Pyruvate carboxykinase
b) Pyrucate carboxylase
c) Pyruvate decarboxylase
d) Pyruvate kinase
e) Pyruvate dehydrogenase
a) Band 3 protein
b) Haemoglobin
c) Glycophorin
d) Spectrin
e) Na+-K+ pump
a) Are responsible for transferring
solutes across cell membrane
b) Tend to interact weakly with
the solute to be transported
c) Form aqueous pores that
extend across the lipid bilayer
d) Allow specific solutes (usually
inorganic ions of appropriate
size and charge) to pass
through them
e) All of the above
a) Na+ and K+ ion channels are
voltage gated
b) Ca2+ ion channels are voltage
gated
c) Ion channels can open or close
in response to an internal signal
d) The ligand gated Cl- ion
channels are activated by
glutamate
e) Voltage gated channels open in
response to depolarisation of
the membrane
a) Are associated with G-proteins
b) Mediate an increase in cGMP
levels
c) Are intracellular receptors
d) Include for example the
nicotinic receptor

2
1

Which ion controls the membrane

potential?

2
2

Which of the following is not part

of the basal ganglia?

2
3

A quaternary ammonium
compound can only be delivered
by the following route:

2
4

Which of the following statements

concerning Atropine is false?

2
5

Which of the following statements

about the autonomic nervous
system is false?

2
6

Stimulation of 2-adrenoreceptors:

2
7

The alpha adrenergic receptor

antagonist phentolamine causes
which one of the following effects:

e) Mediate the action of

adrenaline
a) Na+
b) K+
c) Ca2+
d) Cl*missing 1 option
a) Midbrain
b) Substantial nigra
c) Subthalamic nuclei
d) Globus pallidus
*missing 1 option
a) Oral
b) Buccal
c) Rectal
d) Intravenous
e) Transdermal
a) It is a competitive antagonist at
muscarinic receptor
b) It is readily absorbed from the
gastro-intestinal tract
c) Effect can be reversed by
anticholinerase drugs
d) Paralyses skeletal muscle
e) Produces a drying of the mouth
compound
a) It contains components from
both the sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous
system
b) Motor neurones consist of a
pre- and post-ganglionic fibre
c) The neurotransmitter at the
pre-ganglionic fibre is
acetylcholine
d) Both the pre- and postganglionic fibres are nonmyelinated
e) The receptor stimulated by
acetylcholine at the ganglia is
nicotinic
a) Increases heart rate
b) Dilates bronchiolar smooth
muscle
c) Is produced by the agonist,
prazosin
d) Increases gastric mobility
e) Causes contraction of arterioles
in skeletal muscle
a) Pupil dilation
b) Fall in blood pressure in
pheochromocytoma

2
8

What is the mesothelium derived

from?

2
9

What lines the lungs and alveoli?

3
0

What is the most common type of

cell in skin?

3
1
3
2

c) Vasoconstriction
d) Increase in heart rate
*missing 1 option
a) Ectoderm
b) Endoderm
c) Embryonic epithelium
d) Mesoderm
e) Fibroblasts
a) Columnar
b) Simple squamous
c) Simple cuboidal
d) Stratified cuboidal
e) Stratified squamous
a) Keratinocytes
b) Melanocytes
c) Mast cells
d) Merkel cells
e) Langerhans cells

Name 3 types of bone cell and describe their functions. (3 marks)

With the aid of a diagram, describe an osteon and its formation. (7 marks)