BIOLOGY: Digestion and Absorption & Breathing and Exchange of Gases

1. In man the zymogen or chief cells are mainly found in .

a) Cardiac part of stomach b) Pyloric part of stomach c) Duodenum d) Fundic part of stomach
2. Duct leading from parotid gland and opening into vestibule is
a) Haversin duct b) Stensen’s duct c) wolffian duct d) Infra – orbital duct
3. Wharton’s duct is associated with
a) Sublingual salivary duct b) Parotid salivary duct c) Submaxillary salivary gland d) Brunner’s glands
4. Which of the following options best represents the enzyme composition of pancreatic Juice ?
a) amylase, pepsin, trypsinogen, maltase b) peptidase, amylase, pepsin, rennin
c) lipase, amylase, trypsinogen, procarboxy-peptidase d) amylase., peptidase, trypsinogen, rennin
5. Which cells of “Crypts of Lieberkuhn” Secrete antibacterial lysozyme ?
a) Paneth cells b) Zymogen cells c) Kupffer cells d) Argentaffin cells
6. The hepatic portal vein drains blood to liver from :
a) Stomach b) Kidneys c) intestine d) Heart
7. Which one of the following is a possibility for most of us in regard to breathing, by making a conscious effort ?
a)One can breathe out air totally without oxygen.
b) One can breathe out air through Eustachian tubes by closing both the nose and the mouth
c) One can consciously breathe in and breathe out by moving the diaphragm alone, without moving the ribs at all.
d) The lungs can be mad fully empty by forcefully breathing out all air form them.
8. Bulk of carbon dioxide (CO2) released from body tissues into the blood is present as
a) bicarbonate in blood plasma and RBCs b) free CO2 in blood plasma
c) 70% carbamino –haemoglobin and 30% as bicarbonate d) carbamino-haemoglobin in RBCs
9. Which one of the following enzyme carries out the initial step in the digestion of milk in humans
a) Pepsin b) Rennin c) Lipase d) Trypsin
10. One of the constituents of the pancreatic juice while poured into the duodenum in humans ?
a) trypsinogen b) chymotrypsin c) trypsin d) enterokinase
11. When CO2 concentration in blood increases, breathing becomes
a) shallower and slow b) there is no effect on breathing
c) slow and deep d) faster and deeper
12. The process of migration of chloride ions from plasma to RBC and of carbonate ions from RBC to plasma is
a) chloride shift b) ionic shift c) atomic shift d) Na + pump
13. Which one of the following organs in the human body is most affected due to shortage of oxygen ?
a) intestine b) skin c) kidney d) brain
14. The exchange of gases in the alveoli of the lungs takes place by
a) simple diffusion b) osmosis c) active transport d) passive transport
15. In alveoli of the lungs, the air at the site of gas exchange, is separated from the blood by
a) alveolar epithelium only b) alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium
c) alveolar epithelium, capillary endothelium and tunica adventitia
d) alveolar epithelium, capillary endothelium, a thin layer of tunica media and tunic adventitia
16. Which one of the following correctly represents the normal adult human dental formula ?
3 1 3 1 2 1 3 3 2 1 2 3 3 1 3 3
a) , , , b) , , , c) , , , d) , , ,
3 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 3 1 3 3

17. If for some reason our goblet cells are non functional this will adversely affect .
a) production of somatostatin b) secretion of sebum form the sebaceous
c) maturation of sperms d) smooth movement of food down the intestine
18. Which one of the following is the correct matching of the site of action on the given substrate, the enzyme acting
upon it and the end product ?
a) Duodenum : Triglycerides Monoglycer-ides b) Small intestine : Starch Disaccharide (Maltose)
 c) Small intestine : Proteins Amino acids d) Stomach : Fats Micelles
19. Although much CO2 is carried in blood, yes blood does not become acidic, because.
a) it is absorbed by the leucocytes b) blood buffers play an important role in CO 2 transport
c) it combines with water to form H2CO3 which is neutralized by NaCO3.
d) it is continuously diffused through tissues and is not allowed to accumulate.
20. The majority of carbon dioxide produced by our body cells is transported to the lungs.
a) as bicarbonates b) as carbonates c)attached to haemoglobin d) dissolbed in the blood
21. The quantity 1500 ml in the respiratory volumes of a normal human adult refers to
a) maximum air that can be breathed in and breathed out b) residual volume
c) expiratory reserve volume d) total lung capacity
22. Name the pulmonary disease in which alveolar surface area involved in gas exchange is drastically reduced due to
damage in the alveolar walls.
a) Emphysema b) Pneumonia c) Asthma d) pleurisy
23. Which of the following are the correct statement for respiration in human ?
a) Cigarette smoking may lead to inflammation of bronchi b) Neural signals from pneumotaxic centre on pons
region of brain can increase the duration of inspiration
c) Workers in grinding and stone –breaking industries may suffer from lung fibrosis
d) About 90% of carbon dioxide (CO2) is carried by haemoglobin as carbamino haemoglobin
24. Blood analysis of patent reveals an unusually high quantity of carboxyhaemoglobin content which of the following
onclusions is most likely to be correct ? The patient has been inhaling polluted air containing unusually high content
of
a) carbon disulphide b) chloroform c) carbon dioxide d) carbon monoxide
25. Which of the following guards the opening of hepatopancreatic duct into the duodenum ?
a) Semilunar valve b) Ileocaecal valve c) Pyloric sphincter d) Sphincter of Oddi
26. Which of the following statements is not correct ?
a) Goblet cells are present in the mucosa of intestine and secrete mucus
b) Oxyntic cells are present in the mucosa of stomach and secrete HCl.
c) Acini are present in the pancreas and secrete carboxypeptidase
d) Brunner’s glands are present in the submucosa of stomach and secrete pepsinogen
27. The primary dentition in human differs from permanent dentition in not having one of the following type of teeth
a) Premolars b) Molars c) Incisors d) Canine
28. Where do certain symbiotic micro-organisms normally occur in human body ?
a) Caecum b) Oral lining and tongue surface
c) Vermiform appendix and rectum d) Duodenum
29. The carbon dioxide is transported via blood lungs as
a) dissolved in blood plasma b) in the form of carbonic acid only
c) in combination with haemoglobin only d) carbaminohaemoglobin and as carbonic acid
30. Oxygen dissociation curve of haemoglobin is
a) Sigmoid b) Hyperbolic c) Linear d) Hypobolic
31. Carbon dioxide is transported from tissues to respiratory surface by only
a) plasma and erythrocytes b) plasma c) erythrocytes d) erythrocytes and leucocytes
32. The contraction of gall bladder is due to
a) Gastrin b) Cholecystokinin c) Secretin d) Enterogastrone
33. Kupffer’s cells occur in
a) spleen b) kidney c) brain d) liver
34. Fructose is absorbed into the blood through mucosa cells of intestine by the process called.
a) Active transport b) facilitated transport c) simple diffusion d) co-transport mechanism
35. Selected the correct match of the digested products in humans given in column – I with their absorption site and
mechanism in column- II
Collumn I Column II
+
a) Fructose, Na Small intestine, passive
b) Glycerol, fatty acids Duodenum, move as chylomicrons
c) Cholestrol, maltose Large intestine, active absorption.
d) Glycine, glucose Small intestine, active absorption.
36. Which one of the following is a matching pair of a substrate and its particular digestive enzyme ?
a) Starch – maltase b) Lactose – rennin c) Maltose – Steapsin d) Casein - chymotrypsin
37. The enzyme enterokinase helps in the conversion of
a) pepsinogen into pepsin b) trypsinogen into trypsin
c)caesinogen into casein d) proteins into polypeptides
38. Renin acts on
a) milk changing casein into calcium paracaseinate at 7.2 – 8.2 pH
b) proteins in stomach c) fat in intestine
d) milk changing casein into calcium paracaseinate at 1- 3 pH
39. Which group of three of the following five statements (a-e) contain is all three correct statement regarding beri-
beri ?
a) a crippling disease prevalent among the native population of sub – Saharan Africa;
b) a deficiency disease caused by lack of thiamine (vitamin B 1)
c) a nutritional disorder in infants and young children when the diet is persistently deficient in essential protein
d) occurs in those countries where the staple diet is polished rice ;
e) the symptoms are pain from neuritis, paralysis, muscle wasting, progressive oedema, mental deterioration and
finally hear failure :
a) B, D and E b) A, B and D c) A, C and E d) B,C and E
40. A patient is generally advised to specially, consume more meat, lentils , milk and eggs in diet only when he suffers
from.
a) Scurvy b) Kwashiorkor c) Rickets d) Anemia
41. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched ?
a) Vitamin B12 - Pernicious anaemia
b) Vitamin B6 - Loss of apetitie
c) Vitamin B1 - Beri –beri
d) Vitamin B3 - Pellagra
42. Which one of the following is the correct matching of a vitamin, its nature and its deficiency disease ?
a) Vitamin A - Fat – Soluble – Night blindness
b) Vitamin K - Fat – Soluble - Beri –beri
c) Vitamin A- Far – Soluble – Beri –Beri
d) Vitamin K - Water –soluble – Pellagra
43. The haemorrhagic disease of new boron is caused due to the deficiency of
a) vitamin A b) vitamin B1 c) vitamin B12 d) vitamin K
44. Which set is correct ?
a) Corpus callosum – Grafian follicle b) Sebum – Sweat
c) Bundle of His – Pace maker d) Vitamin B7 – Niacin
45. Which one is correctly matched ?
a) Vitamin E – Tocopherol b) Vitamin D – Riboflavin
c) Vitamin B – Calciferol d) Radish and potato
46. A person deficient in the rhodopsin should be advised to take more of
a) Guava and ripe banana b) Apple and grapes c) Carrot and ripe papaya d) Radish and potato
47. A patient suffering from cholera is given saline drip because
a) Cl – ions are important component of blood plasma b) Na+ ions help to retain water in the body
c) Na+ ions are important in transport of substances across membrane
d) Cl – ions help in the formation of HCl in stomach for digestion.
48. Which one of the following pairs is mismatched ?
a) Vitamin C – Scurvy b) Vitamin D – Rickets c) Vitamin K – Beri Beri d) Vitamin A – Xeropthalmia
49. Nutrients absorbed by the blood capillaries of intestinal villi first go into
a) Liver through hepatic portal vein b) hepatic artery c) aorta d) posterior vena cava
50. One of the factors required for the maturation of erythrocytes is
a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin B 12 c) Vitamin C d) Vitamin D
51. Prolonged deficiency of nicotinic acid produces
a) Osteomalacia b) Xerophthalmia c) pellagra d) Anaemia
52. Calcium deficiency occurs in the absence of vitamin
a) D b) C c) E d) B
53. Vitamin K is required for
a) change of prothrombin to thrombin b) synthesis of prothrombin
c) change of fibrinogen to fibrin d) formation of thromboplastin
54. Which of the following pairs is characterised by swollen lips, thick pigmented skin of hands and legs and irritability ?
a)Thiamine – Beri -Beri b) Protein – Kwashiorkor c) Nicotinamide – Pellagra d) Iodine – Goitre
55. Secrection of gastric jusice is stopped by
a) Gastrin b) pancreazymin c) Cholecystokinin d) Enterogastrone
56. Most of the fat digestion occurs in
a) Rectum b) Stomach c) Duodenum d) Small intestine
57. Where is protein digestion accomplished ?
a) Stomach b) Ileum c) Rectum d) Duodenum
58. Secretin stimulates production of
a) Saliva b) gastric juice b) Bile d) Pancreatic juice
59. Pancreatic juice and hormones of pancreas are produced by
a) Same cells b) same cells at different times c) statement is wrong d) Different cells
60. Stool of a person is whitish grey coloured due to malfunction of which of the following organ ?
a) Pancreas b) Spleen c) Kidney d) Liver
61. The daily dietary requirement of a moderately active adult individual is approximately
a) 8,000 k cal b) 4, 000 k cal c) 1,000 k cal d) 2, 500 k cal
62. The food having fully undergone mechanical and chemical digestion inside the stomach, is called.
a) Chyle b) Bolus c) Amino acid d) Chyme
63. An adolescent human below 17 years of age normally has dental formula as
3 1 3 1 2 1 3 3 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 2
a) , , , b) , , , c) , , , d) , , ,
3 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 2
64. Which one of the following pairs of food components in humans reaches the stomach totally undigested ?
a) starch and fat b) Fat and cellulose c) starch and cellulose d) protein and starch
65. What will happen if the secretion of parietal cells of gastric glands is blocked with an inhibitor ?
a) Gastric juice will be deficient in chymosin b) Gastric juice will bedeficient in pepsinogen
c) In the absence of HCI secretion, inactive pepsinogen is not converted into the active enzyme pepsin
d) Enterokinase will not be released from the duodenal mucosa and so trypsinogen is not converted to trypsin
66. A person who is one along hunger strike and is surviving only on water, will have
a) less amino acids in his urine b) more glucose in his blood
c) less urea in his urine d) more sodium in his urine
67. Lysozyme that is present in perspiration, saliva and tears, destroys
a) certain types of bacteria b) all viruses c) most virus – infected cells d) certain fungi
68. Epithelial cells of the intestine involved in food absorption have on their surface.
 a) pinocytic vesicles b) microvilli c) zymogen granules d) phagocytic vesicles

69. The hormone that stimulates the stomach to secrete gastric juice is
a) Enterogastrone b) ENterokinase c) Renin d) Gastrin
70. A person had to undergo a surgery in which a major portion of his pancreas was removed. Which of the following
food constituents will he find especially difficult to digest ?
a) Starch b) Proteins c) Fats d) Lactose sugar
71. For persons suffering from high blood cholesterol, the physicians recommend
a) pure ‘deshi ghee’ or butter b) vegetable oil such as groundnut oil
c) red meat with layers of facts d) vanaspati margarine
72. When breast feeding is replaced by less nutritive food low in proteins and calories; the infants below the age of one
year are likely to suffer from.
73. Which one of the following is a fat – soluble vitamin and its related deficiency disease ?
a) Retinol - Xerophthalima
b) Cobalamine - Beri-beri
c) Calciferol - Pellagra
d) A scorbic acid - Scurvy
74. Which one of the following is a matching pair of a vitamin and the deficiency disease related with it ?
a) Riboflavin – beri beri b) Thiamine – xerophthalima c) Niacin – pellagra d) Calciferol – scurvy
75. The vitamin C or ascorbic acid prevents
a) rickets b) pellagra c) scurvy d) antibody synthesis
76. A dental disease characterized by mottling of teeth is due to the presence of a certain chemical element in drinking
water. Which of the following is that element ?
a) Mercury b) chlorine c) fluorine d) boron
77. Carbonic anhydrase occurs in
a) Lymphocytes b) Blood plasma c) RBC d) Leucocytes
78. Skin is an accessory organ of respiration in
a) humans b) frog c) rabbit d) lizard
79. The alveolar epithelium in the lungs in
a) nonciliated coloumnar b) nonciliated squamous c) ciliated columnar d) ciliated squamous
80. Intercostal muscles occur in
a) abdomen b) thigh c) ribs d) diaphragm
81. What is vital capacity of our lungs ?
a) Inspiratory reserved volume plus tidal volume b) Total lung capacity minus expiratory reserve volume
c) inspiratory reserve volume plus expiratory reserve volume d) Total lung capacity minus residual volume
82. Hydrolytic enzymes which act on low pH are called as
a) proteases b) α - amylases c) hydrolases d) peroxidises
83. A person is eating boiled potato, which food component is found in it ?
a) DNA which gets digested by pancreatic DNAase b) Lactose which is indigestible
c) Starch which does not get digested d) Cellulose which is digested by intestinal cellulose.
84. Approximately seventy percent of carbon dioxide absorbed by the blood will be transported to the lungs :
a) as bicarbonate ions b) in the form of dissolved gas molecules c) by binding to R.B.C
d) as carbamino – haemoglobin
85. Brunner’s glands occur in
a) Submucosa of duodenum b) Submucosa of stomach
c) Mucosa of oesophagus d) mucosa of ileum
86. Pancreas produces
a) Three digestive enzymes and one hormone b) three types of digestive enzymes and two hormones
c) Two digestive enzymes and one hormone d) three digestive enzymes and no hormone
87. Emulsification of fat is carried out by
a) Bile pigments b) Bile salts c) HCl d) Pancreatic juice
 88. Fluoride pollution mainly affects
a) Kidney b) brain c) heart d) teeth
89. Which two of the following changes (a-d) usually tend to occur in the plain dwellers when they move to high altitudes
(3,500 m or more ) ?
i) Increase in red blood cell size ii) Increase in red blood cell production
iii) increased breathing rate iv) increase in thrombocyte count change occurring are :
a) (ii) and (iii) b) (iii) and (iv) c) (i) and (iv) d) (i) and (ii)
90. Gastric juice of infants contains :
a) nuclease, pepsinogen, lipase b) pepsinogen, lipase, rennin
c) amylase, rennin , pepsinogen d) maltase, pepsinogen, rennin