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    Day 16 Differential Equations

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    2K views23 pages

    1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics (Day 16 Differential Equations)

    Uploaded by

    maaratjess
    Day 16 Differential Equations

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    402 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Differential Equation (DE)- is an equation containing at least one derivative. Examples: a. (2xy +x) dx + 2y dy =0 2 3 ay @y) ys » (23) 2] +0 ©. &= ty" tay ty=0 x xX toa ‘Types of Differential Equations (DE): @. Ordinary DE — an equation containing only one independent variable, thus having only ordinary derivatives in the equation, (Examples a, b & c) b. Partial DE ~an equation containing two or more independent variables, thus having partial derivatives in the equation. (Example d) Order of a DE: ‘The order of a DE is the order of the highest ordered derivative which appears in the equation. Degree of a DE: ‘The degree of a DE is the degree (exponent) of the highest ordered derivative which appears in the equation. Example: a — First order, First degree b— Third order, Second degree c— Second order, First degree d—First order, First degree Types of solutions of a DE: a. General solution — the solution has at least on rbitrary constant. Example: x°—3y = C, where: C = arbitrary constant Differential Equations 403 b. Particular solution — the solution has no arbitrary constant. Example: 2xy +y*-2=0 Solutions to first order DE: a. Variable scparable type Standart fom: | PBS | b. Homogeneous type Standard torn sar ENE | General solution: a Test for homogeneity of degree n: Let: foxy) = Mox, hax Ne vay (rx, ry) = 1 fy) ©. Exact type sino: (I rw cn: a where: Foxy) = JMOxy)2« + ky Foxy) = [Nowy)oy + ke Test for exactness: rr 404 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas d. Linear type See ee Bonen | where: integrating factor = @!°) e. Bemoulli’s equation type Bee ae Sorrento peers Pipes ie, Applications of first order DE a. Population growth problems where: fe rate of change of the population number of inhabitants at any time t constant of proportionality b. Decay problems where: BR) Beeson cinennsnes Q = amount of the substance present at any time t k = constant of proportionality c. Continuous compound interest problems where: = rate of change ofthe account P= money present in the account at any time t nominal rate of interest per year Differential Equations 405 . Flow problems where: Q = concentration of the mixture at any time t 90 rate of change of the concentration of the mixture dt e. Cooling and heating problems where: a = rate of change of the body temp. T= temperature of the body at any time t t, = surrounding temperature "= Cooling process "© Heating process f. Newton's second law of motion where: m= mass of the body SY = rate of change of velocity g. Geometrical problems (Orthogonal trajectory) ‘A curve which intersects all curves of a given family at the same angles is referred to as a trajectory; if the intersection is at right angle, the curve is called orthogonal trajectory. =) = slope of the orthogonal trajectory (2) = slope of the given family ( ‘9 of curves ha 2 | 406 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Bi6 you now that... The binary number system using 2 as the base, which was investigated and set into serious numerical system by eminent German mathematician, Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, was used by Chinese mathematicians as early as 5 century A.D.! Proceed to the next page for your 16” test. GOODLUCK ! = Differential Equations 407 Time element: 2.0 hours & 30 minutes ee Problem 681: Determine the order and degree of the differential equation 2 x S¥.0¢(24) —xy=0. ‘A.. Fourth order, first degree B. Third order, first degree C. First order, fourth degree D. First order, third degree Problem 682: Which of the following equations is an exact DE? A. (x? +1) dx=xy dy=0 B. xdy + (8x-2y) dx=0 C. 2xy dx + (2+x’) dy=0 D. xydy-ydx=0 Problem 683: ‘Which of the following equations is a variable separable DE? A. (x+x’y) dy = (2x + xy’) dx B. (x+y) dx—2y dy=0 ©. dy dx= (x +1) dy D. y‘dx + 2x-3y) dy=0 Problem 684: ECE Board April 1998 The equation y* = cx is the general solution of: 2y A er x x B. os y ey. cye Be ox D. aX ay 408 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Problem 685: EE Board March 1998 Solve the differential equation: x (y - 1) dx + (x + 1) dy = 0. Ify = 2 when x determine y when x = 2. A 1.80 B. 1.48 C. 1455 D. 163 Problem 686: EE Board October 1997 If dy = x?dx ; what is the equation of y in terms of x if the curve passes through aay? A. x? -3y+3=0 B. x°-3y+2=0 C. x8 +3y?+2=0 OD. 2y+x?+2-0 Problem 687: ECE Board November 1998 \d the equation of the curve at every point of which the tangent line has a slope of 2x. A. x=-y?+C Bo y=-x?4C Cc. y=x2+e D. x=y?+C Problem 688: ECE Board April 1995 Solve (cos x cos y — cot x) dx— sin x sin y dy = 0 sin x cos y = In (c cos x) sin x cos y = In (c sin x) sin x cos y = - In (¢ sin x) sin x cos y = - In (¢ cos x) com> Problem 689: EE Board October 1997 Solve the differential equation dy -xdx = 0, if the curve passes through (1,0)? A. 3x?+2y-3=0 B. 2y+x?-1=0 ©, x?-2y-1-0 D, 2x?+2y-2=0 Differential Equations 409 Problem 690: ME Board April 1996 What is the solution of the first order differential equation y(k+1) = y(k) +5. 5 vik) = 4-2 y(k) = 20+ 5k y(k) = C -k , where C is constant The solution is non-existent for real values of y 90D > Problem 691: EE Board Ap: Solve (v1 fey?) dx-xdy A hey sy=c Basen yea =e CG. yery+y=c pv. fe-y+y=¢ Problem 692: ECE Board November 1994 Find the differential equation whose general solution is y = Cx + Cze* (x= 1)y'=xy ty=0 + 4)y"-xy +y=0 (-t)y"+ xy +y=0 (+1) y' txy ty=0 com> Problem 693: EE Board October 1995 Find the general solution of y' = y sec x (sec x + tan x) (sec x— tan x) sec x tan x (sec’ x tan x) com> Problem 694: EE Board April 1996 Solve xy’ (2y—1) =y (1-x) In (xy) = 2 (x-y) +C In (xy) = x—-2y+C In (xy) = 2y-x+C In (xy) = x4 2y+C pom> 410 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Problem 695: EE Board April 1996 Solve (x + y) dy = (x—y) dx. ¥¢+y¥=C x4 Dxy + =C x -2xy-y=C X-2xyt+y¥=C gop> Problem 696: Solve the linear equation: +2 Problem 697: CE Board May 1997 Find the differential equations of the family of lines passing through the origin. ydx — xdy = 0 _xdy - ydx = 0 xdx + ydy = 0 ydx + xdy = 0 pom> Problem 698: CE Board May 1996 ‘What is the differential equation of the family of parabolas having their vertices at the origin and their foci on the x-axis. A. 2xdy-ydx=0 B. xdy 1 ydx=0 CC. 2ydx—xdy =0 D. gy Dx=0 ax * Differential Equations 411 Problem 699: CE Board November 1995 Determine the differential equation of the family of lines passing through (h, k). (y—k)dx — (x -h)dy = 0 (y-n)=(-")= 2 A B. ax C. (x-hyx-(y-kyy =0 D. (c+ hax — (y —k)dy = 0 Problem 700: Determine the differential equation of the family of circles with center on the y-axis. A P-xi ty =0 B. y’-xyy =0 Oe OS) 8 0: D yy +yFtw_=o Problem 701: EE Board April 1997 Radium decomposes at a rate proportional to the amount at any instant. In 100 years, 100 mg of radium decomposes to 96 mg. How many mg will be left after 100 years? A. 88.60 B. 95.32 Cc. 92.16 D. 90.72 Problem 702: ‘The population of a country doubles in 50 years. How many years will it be five times as much? Assume that the rate of increase is proportional to the number of inhabitants. 100 years 116 years 120 years 98 years som> Problem 703: Radium decomposes at a rate proportional to the amount present. if half of the original amount disappears after 1000 years, what is the percentage lost in 100 years? 6.70% 4.50 % 5.36 % 4.30% gom> 412 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas Problem 704: ECE Board November 1998 Find the equation of the family of orthogonal trajectories of the system of parabolas y? =2x+C. A. y=Ce* B. y=Ce* Cc. y=Ce* D. y=Ce™ Problem 705: According to Newton's law of cooling, the rate at which a substance cools in air is directly proportional to the difference between the temperature of the substance and that of air. If the temperature of the air is 30° and the substance cools from 100° to 70° in 15 minutes, how long will it take to cool 100° to 50°? A. 33.59 min, min 8 min 45.00 min B cc D. Problem 706: An object falls from rest in a medium offering a resistance. The velocity of the object before the object reaches the ground is given by the differential equation dVidt + V/10 = 32, fllsec. What is the velocity of the object one second after it falls? A. 40.54 $ B 3865 C. 3045 D. 34.12 Problem 707: : In a tank are 100 liters of brine containing 50 kg. total of dissolved salt. Pure water is allowed to run into the tank at the rate of 3 liters a minute. Brine runs out of the tank at the rate of 2 liters a minute. The instantaneous concentration in the tank is kept uniform by stirring. How much salt is in the tank at the end of one hour? A. 15.45 kg. B. 19.53 kg. C. 1262kg D. 20.62 kg. Differential Equations 413 Problem 708 ‘A tank initially holds 100 gallons of salt solution in which 50 Ibs of salt has been dissolved. A pipe fills the tank with brine at the rate of 3 gpm, containing 2 Ibs of dissolved salt per gallon. Assuming that the mixture is kept uniform by stirring, a drain pipe draws out of the tank the mixture at 2 gpm. Find the amount of salt in the tank at the end of 30 minutes. A. 171.24 Ibs. B. 124.14 Ibs. C. 143.25 Ibs. D. 105.12 Ibs. Problem 709: ME Board April 1998 If the nominal interest rate is 3%, how much is P5,000 worth in 10 years in a continuously compounded account? A. P5,750 R- PR.750 Cc. P7,500 D. P6,350 Problem 710: ME Board October 1997 Annominal interest of 3% compounded continuously is given on the account, What is the accumulated amount of P10,000 after 10 years? A. P13,620.10 B. P13,500.10 €. P13,650.20 D. P13,498.60 RATING (2) 25-30 topnotcher EA 18-24 Passer (J 05-17 conditional (J 0-15 Faited IfFAILED, repeat the test. A A .D 1 . B B A A 20: 414. 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas SOLUTIONS 10 TEST 16 Ea Fourth order, since the highest derivative in the equation is 4" derivative. First degree, since the exponent or power of the 4” derivative is 1. aN FEEEI 4.0 whose equation is Mi xy Jax + N(xy )dy = 0 is exact if x —— Note: From the choices, choice (c) is an exact DE. 2xydx + 24 x2}ty =0 M= 2xy 2+e a(2xy) + x? Sie 2x nex See ‘A DE is a variable separable if the coefficient of dx shall be functions of x only and the coefficient of dy shall be functions of y only. Note. From Une chivives, chvive (¢) Is a varlable separable DE 2y dx = (x* + 1) dy 2ydx (x? + tydy yOR +1) yO? +1) zs Differentiate: ie o=xew)-¥ xdx dy _ t (te Integrate: fax- Peres BEE gy ryccr ai nayeo 0 Differential Equations 415 xin (x+1)+In(y-1)=C atx=1y=2 41-In(1 +4) +in(2-1) ce atx=2;y=? 2—In (2 +1) + In (y—1) = 0.307 In(y-1) =- 0.594 y-1 seo y= 1.55 | 636.) dy =

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