营养学基础

1 2 3 4
1 2 3
4 5
1 2
3

1
2
3
4
1.60
2.
3.
1. 206
2.
;
,
99%
3.600
1.
(
)()
1
1
3 20 6
32 20 8 4
2
3
4
5 3-4
6
5-7M 200-400M2 3-8
7
2
1)
2
3
2.
1500g
2
1.
2. 3-4 90M2
3.
4.
1.
()
()
CO2 O2
(2
3
11
2
3
4
2
PH
7.35
7.45
60-70%
1-4%
45%
20-30%
0.5-1%
0.5%1%
2.
2
3
8090
4
4
T B
B T
1.

B
T
TB
2.
3.
4.
B IgA

1.
1
2 3 (
1.25 D3
)
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.

1.
2.

1.
2.
5

1.
2. T3T4
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.

3.
90%-95%

PH 7.0
()
pH 7.4
1
2
3
4 ( AD
K
5
6
4.
3090 17
6
.
1
60

20

2.
3.

4.
B2 B6
10 15
2g
1
5.
10
20
30
40
300
1500
3300
20
170
430
650
30
250
600
800
135
585
819
900
24
180
360
405
100
600
1300
1250
330
1900
3500
5200
654
3985
8509
12505
20 70
12.5kg 0.9kg
7.5kg 6kg
BMI
6.
0.63MJ150kcal
1.
2.
1. 2.
600~800mL

B1
28 1
12
1.
1) 6 1
2) 12 3 (9kg)
kg=+*0.6
kg=+3.6+-6*0.5
2.
1
23
2 4 4
3)
(1 )
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1 1.5 2 2
1820 20 2.5
2 =-6
2
4050gd
3 67
1.
1)
5.5kg( 2kg) 21cm(
5cm)
cm=7+70
kg=2+7 8
2)
2.
370g 251 900g 603
46
8690
3.3 20 6
10
40
3
4.
56 15
36
612 13 18
1.
2.
3.
9-11 5-7cm
11-13 7-9cm
4.
1.
DNARNA
1.
15%~20%
2.
11
3.
4.
5.
6.
40 10~20
12
6
7
8.(DRIs)
(DRIs)
(EAR) (RNI)
(AI) (UL)
(EAR)
EAR 50%
50EAR RNI
RNI RNI RDA
9798 RNI
RNI
AI EAR RNI
AI RNI AI
4~ 6
AI AI
UL UL
UL
UL
RNI AI
EAR
RNI
AI
UL
13
1
1
2
3
2.
1
2
3
4
3.
(1)
2
3
4
5
1934
15%
17% 8%
60%
14

.
1.
1
2
1 4kcal(16.81kJ)
1 9kcal(37.56kJ)
1 4kcal(16.74kJ)
3 10%20% 20%30% 55%65%

2. Kcal KJ
1 4.184 KJ
3.
+++
60%-70%
15%-30%
6%-7%
3%-4%
118
25
1BMR,
0.006590.0126 0.1603
24
(BMR)
kJ/(m*m*h)
1115 1617 1819 2030 3140 4150 51

195.5
193.4
166.2
157.8
158.7
154.1
149.1
46.7
46.2
39.7
37.7
37.9
36.8
36.6
172.5
181.7
154.1
146.5
146.4
142.4
138.6
41.2
43.4
36.8
35.0
35.0
34.0
33.1
2

10
2 45
15
78 1415
3TEF

(SDA)
5%~6% 45
1 30
1012 10
4

23 36
1523 1 4.78

4.
=BMR() PAL()
30 56kgBMR 1316kcal(8.7+829)
PAL 1.8
=13161.8=2368kcal
BMR
=kg
Kcal/
MJ/
Kcal/
MJ/
0~
60.9-54
0.2550-0.226
61.0-51
0.2550-0.214
3~
22.7+495
0.0949+2.07
22.5+499
0.9410+2.09
10~
17.5+651
0.0732+2.72
12.2+746
0.0510+3.12
18~
15.3+679
0.0640+2.84
14.7+496
0.0615+2.08
30~
11.6+879
0.0485+3.67
8.7+829
0.0364+3.47
23 PAL
PAL
16
1.0~2.5
2.6~3.9
>4.0
5.
1.
2.
16%
6.25g 100/16 6.25
1.
--
2.

3.2
3.4
4.4
4.3
3.8
4.0
4.0
5.1
6.8
6.8
5.7
6.4
6.3
7.0
4.1
5.6
7.2
4.9
1.8
2.3
5.5
17
3.4
2.4
3.2
1.2
2.8
2.8
2.3
5.5
7.3
6.2
3.2
7.2
7.2
3.8
2.8
3.1
3.6
2.8
2.5
2.5
2.0
3.9
4.6
4.6
3.2
3.8
3.8
4.8
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
3.
4.
1
2
3
12g
2-4g
4
Nitrogen Balance
=-(++)
B=I-(U+F+S)
5%
18
2
28
1/3
250 /
100
4
5
6--
1
2
1
19
%=-/
*100%
2
%=--/
*100%
1PER--
1g
PER=g/g
PER
PER 2.5
PER 2.5PER
PER=/ *2.5
3.92 3.09 4.55 2.3
2.32 0.6 2.16
2BV--
BV=/ *100
96
77
76
94
67
72
85
64
72
83
60
59
83
57
58
76
57
67
74
52
20
3AAS
AAS =(mg)/(mg)*100
23mg
25mg
13mg
1g
58mg
34mg
11mg
0.4
0.74
1.2
1g
0.4 40
1 23mg,25mg,13mg,
583411
AAS=23/58100=0.4100=40
AAS=25/34100=7.35100=73.5
AAS=13/11100=1.18100=118
PDCASS=*

605764 40%40%
20% 73.
WHO
5.5
3.5
4.0
1.0
100
2.4
3.8
3.0
1.1
44()
7.2
2.4
4.2
1.4
68()
21
8.0
2.9
3.7
1.3
83()
5.1
3.2
3.5
1.2
88()
1.
1
2
3
4
2.
60%. 90%.
(1)
30g/ pro
0.8g/kg( pro )1.16g/kg( pro )
10%-15
75g
80g
90g
65g
70g
80g
30%50%
(g/100g)
21.3
20.2
8.0
19.8
21.2
10.9
17.1
18.2
9.2
19.1
17.4
35.6
17.2
16.5
11.0
17.3
12.2
20.1
22.7
4.0
20.6
15.2
28.2
26.6
12.1
3.0
20.1
13.3
3.1
12.4
2
22
3--
3555g/L,
200500mg/L
24.0 g/L
200~280mg/L
40~70g/L
()
--
-Protein energy Malnutrition, PEM
21234
56
PEM
PEM
1 --
23
(1)
(2)1
(3)
(4)Monkey face
5)
(6)
(7)
2 PEM
1
213
3
4Moon face
5
6
(7)
(8)
(9)
3.
PEM

--
1.
1
2
14 812
26
1 C=C
MUFA 1 C=C, PUFA)C=C
, SFA

n n-3 n-6 n-7 n-9

n-6 d-n-3
24
14
8-12
2-6
95%
2.
0.91.5 PH 5
2.
.
1.

2.

7- D3
3.EFA
25

EFA
EFA a-< ,
>
-3 ()
EPADHA
1EFA
2
3
4
5 d-
6
4.
1
AI
SFA
MUFA
PUFA
n-6:n-3
20-30 %
10 %
10 %
10 %
(4-6):1
300mg
SFA
MUFA
PUFA
2
3(g/100g)

8 8 3 1 6. 4. 5 1 9 2 4 9 6 5 5 5 4 1 2 4.6 7 1
7. 9. 0. 0. 3 0 . 0 . . 1. . 5. 8. 2. 1. 8. 9. 6.
. .
6 9 9 5
7 0 1 9 3 6 6 5 8 9 0 0 2
1 0
50%
1-1.2g
80%
(mg/100g)
26
2591
2110
1510
1132
871
647
608
585
515
476
466
460
354
341
295
290
288
285
267
226
193
168
165
162
161
158
158
()
1.
FAO WHO
Degree of polymerization
(1-2)
(3-9)
(10)
2.
1
2
1
2
3
1
2
3.
27
55%-65% 1/3
4.
1 55%65%
2
(g/100g)
7
8.
6
7
5.
8
7
4.
8
7
1.
9
7
0.
4
6
7.
5
6
0.
2
5
9.
6
5
7.
1
1
9.
5
9
8.
6
8
0.
2
2
8.
2
1
9.
4
1
5.
3
13.
9
5
8.
9
4
4.
4
2
1.
2
5. Glycemic Index, GI
GI

55 GI
5575 GI
75 GI
GI
GI
GI
105.05.7
65.06.3
100
49.08.0
28
83.812.1
46.03.2
73.513.3
23.04.6
GI
GI
GI
GI
88.1
76.7
72.0
87.9
75.0
66.0
83.2
71.0
52.0
81.6
66.4
52.0
79.6
54.0
43.0
78.5
54.0
43.0
74.9
51.0
36.0
71.0
38.0
36.0
68.0
27.2
28.0
66.0
27.0
25.0
59.3
14.0
47.1
34.5
48.0
40.3
18.0
27.6
32.6
100mg Na Mg Ca K P Cl
0.01%
///////
1
..
.
2 ..
3 .....
5
6

1.Ca-- 1.2kg 2% 99%
29
1%
11.
Ca10(PO4)6
Ca3(PO4)2
1-2 10-12 35
40 0.7%

20-30%>50% 15-20%
2.
3.
3.
2
AI 800mg/>50 1000mg/UL2000mg/
(
) ;(
D
)
3
(mg/100g)
1037
295
284
161
172
332
207
()
152
814
236
()
366
1394
()
445
148
179
422

30
2.Mg 25g 60%65%27%

ATP
2
:
2 3
300-350mg
4

158
147
258
382
mg/100g

199
119
167
152
147
1257

,,
31
3.P
1
3

1.21 21
PTH
4.K
1
1 ATP ,
1g 6mg 1g 18mg
3
4
6
3

4 1600g.
35g
///DRIs
/
///// 300 ,
///
,
25g
AI:350mg
///// ++++
///
, D
400-800g, 1%
AI:700mg
//// 98%,
50mmol/kg,AI:200mg
,.
3.5-5.3mmol/L //
82-100g,
0.15%,
//
32
AI:3.4g
96-106mmol/L
4. Cl
1
80%
2
3 CO2
CO2 H2CO3
H+ HCO3-
CO2
4HCL VB12
6.Na
1
1.
90
2.
3.
4. 6g 0.5g
5.
2
6g(1 400mg)
NaCl 0.1-0.2% 10
0.01%
1.Fe 45
1Fe
1
33
4
5- A

1
2
3
35% 62%
(mg/100g)
17.6
8.3
6.3
16.5
5.6
2.1
7.9
2.7
5.9
3.9
1.5
8.5
10.1
2.3
1.2
34
2.I
1
1
2
3
---

10%
60%
90%
100%
3515mg/kg
3.Zn--
1
1 200
3:
35

1
2
3
4
5
6 T
7 VA
2g
1
2
3 ,.
RNI
15.5mg/
11.5mg/
UI
45mg/
37mg/

VD
4

1000mg/kg

100mg
25mg
80%

4
E
3-20mg 13mg
1
1
; ; ;
36
.
2
3
4
5
6
7
1)
2
E
3-4
1
100 (ug)

10.6
13.7
23.3
30.7
33.6
2
RNI 50ugUL 400ug750ug/!!!
EC A

50-100ug/
1. 10-15mg/kg 10g 100ug
2.
3. E C

37

1
1
2

2
3
4
5
2

AI2mg/UL8mg/
40%-60%
6
VC
1
1:
2 : DNA RNA
3:
2 RNI

AI 50ug/UL500ug/
C
7.-- 1.1mg
B12
B12
1
1 B12
B12 B12 B12
B12
38
B12
2
2
60g/100g
8. 23g 90%
1-2mg/l
A
B1
B2
PP
B6
400ug/day.
VB12--
B3
B7
D
K
39

1. A
A A1 A2 A1
. A A2
-
A1
A A , A ,,
, A
1
1): 1.
2.: A
,
,
2)
()
, ,,,
,,,,,
,,
3)
4). A
5) A
A
(2)
/RE(g)=1/3 A (IU)+1/6-(g)
RNI800 g UL3000 g .
Na
2.5-5.0 mg
1gRE 1g
3.33IU
6g
12g
3
A (ug/100g)
40

VA
15270 8970 5490 2670 2610

(mg/100g

13. 5. 4. 2. 2. 2. 0. 0.
32 33 81 63 42 40 72 71
1788
910
310
68
41
1042
66
26
0.
62
0.
21
12.
00
0.
92
0.
82
.
0.
75
0.
45
0.
38
0.
52
0.
19
A A
1 200 IU
2 56 IU 3
2. D D2
D2D3
D
D
D
1 VD3
1
2VD+PTH

1.
2.
3.
4.

1. 40%
2.
3.
4.

41
VD
VD
5 g/d 5 g/d 35 60 50
2 150
VD3 VD2
VD

D 6 2-4
D
D
10 g/d
D
3. E
E ,( A
20%-40%
1 E
1,
E , E ,
, E
E ,
2 E E
,, E
E
3 Q E Q
,
4 RNA
5 VE
6 E
42
7 E ,
,
8 E E
, C
2
.
E E
E
14mg/
3 13mg/kg
E -(-TE)
; =(1mg-)+(0.5mg-)+(0.1mg-)+(0.02
mg-) + (0.3mg-)
1. B1
B1
1 B1
1
2
3
B1
1
2
3
4
5
6 B1
A).--
1:
,
43
3.
4.
B).--
1.
2.
3.
4.
C) --
2 B1
1.5mg 1.3mg
1.5mg 1.6mg
4 B1
V
B
1
B1 (mg/100g)

0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
8 7 7 6 4 4 3 2 2
3 8 4 7 3 0 0 5 2

0.
1
8
0.
5
4
0.
4
6
0.
3
2
0.
2
0
0.
1
5
0.
0
2
0.
1
7
0.
1
3
0.
1
1
0.
1
0
0.
0
5
5
B1 B1
B1
B1
2. B2
B2
B1 B2
1 B2
1
2
3
4 B6 PP
5 B2
B2
1
2
3
44
4
3
6
B2

2
B2 (mg/100g)
B2
B2
B2
2.41
0.30
1.10
1.39
0.29
0.92
0.34
0.26
0.20
0.26
0.16
0.26
0.12
0.26
0.10
0.24
0.20
0.14
B2
3. B6
B6
B6
B 12 B6 B6 B6
,
1 B6
1
2
3

B6

2 B6
1.52 B6
45
B6
100
5 B6
4.VB5 PP)
1
1.
DNA
DNA VB6
2.
D
3.
4..
A
1.
2.
(B)
1.
2.
(C
1.
2
(D.
3D
Diarrhea(DermatitisDementia
(a).()
(b).
46
2
. ,
.....
5.
2 8
1
1. DNA DNA
2.
3
3
DFE DFE g =g+1.7
g
250ug 200ug
DFE=250+1.7200=590ugDFE
RNI400ugDFE/UL1000ugDFE/
(85%)
6. B12
B12
B12
B12
1 B12
1
2 DNA
3
4
5
47
6
7
B12
1
2
3
4
5
2 B12
B
B12

3RNI
B12 12g
7. C
C ,
C
C
190192
(1) C
C
, C
C
C : C ,
, C
(2) C
50100mg75 90 2
150 1 125 150 200
RNI100mgUL1000mg
g
500mg/
C C
C
C 1000
(3)
C (mg/100g)
297
125
48
35
73
22
40
19
33
29
27
21
17
15
;
2000mg/100g
8 K
1 K
K

K
K K
K

K
K1 500 RDA( 0.5mg/kg). K
K3
. K3 K .
2 120g
3 K
1. 50-60%
2. 40-50%
2070%
1
1
49
2
3
4
5
2.
:,,
.

2030
11
26 91.2
86.7 2830
3
1800kcaL 25g/d
2400kcaL 30g/d
2800kcaL 35g/d
50
35
15~30 400
25 100 300
60
15%
1.

2.
1kcal 1.5ml
30ml 6 1000ml
3.
4.
2500ml
1200ml
1000ml
300ml
2500ml
500ml
350ml
150ml
1500ml
2500ml
10L
2025
,,
, :, :
,,
51
:0~1 28 )
:1 ~3
:3~6
:6~12
:12~18
:18~60
:60
1.
250400g 50g
B B VE
B1
B2
B6
B12
C
2.
300500g 200400g
2530g
3.
52
300g 3050g
8085%
4.
50g100g 50g75g 25g50g.
300mg 200mg
5.
25 30g 6g
E
3g
20ml 3g 10g 1.5g
6.
7.
8.
9
10
280 =40 --
1018 26
1.
1.,
, .,,. 5 ,
18%,6 4%.
2:
,
3
4
2.
1..
2
3 5
53

3.
1
2
3
0.84 200
2300kCal ,4
=+
+5g
65g
+15g
70g
+20g
80g
20%-30%
20%-30%
+5.5g
925g(440g)
,.
DRIs 75g 5g 15g
20g
3~4kg .
,EPADHA
a-EFA
a-
54
800mg
AI
1000mg
800mg
1200mg
AI
25mg
UL
60mg
20mg
1
, (,,,
30g.
,.
,,,.
2 .
1000mg 300mg 450mg
80%, 200mg
. 10% 50%.
DRIs 25mg 35mg
.UL60mg.
:,,,,,,
3
DRIs 200ugd 1000ugd
RNI
200ug
UL
1000ug
150ug
36240
4323
2645
462
10
100mg 60mg
DRIs 16.5mg/d.UL 35 mg/d.

11.5mg/ d
55

15mgd30mgd
15mg/d
ARNI
AUL
DRNI
800ug
900ug/
800ug
2400ug
5ug
10ug/
5ug
DUL
20g
14mg
14mg
2ug/kg
2ug/kg
1 A
VA A
A
A
6
A
DRIs VA 800ugRE 900ugRE
UL2400ugRE
2 D
VD ,
,,.VD
.
VD DRIs 10ugUL 20ugd
3. E
, E,
.
:
E
E K1 K2
4 K
K (
K1
, K2
56
K
; K 2ug/kgd
B1RNI
1.5mg
1.3mg
B2RNI
1.7mg
1.2mg
B6AI
1.9mg
1.2mg
B12AI
2.6ug
2.4ug
CRNI
130mg
100mg
RNI
600ug
400ug
24g
1. B1
VB1 VB1 ;

DRIs 1.5mg
:,,,
2 B2
VB2 ,
. B2 60% B2 15%
DRIs 1.7mg
:,,,. B2.
3 B6
B6
B6
B6 B6, ,
B12 .
DRIs 1.9mg
4
,
: ,,
,,
B6
DRIs 600ug 1000ug
:,,,.
57
C
C
,C ,,
C
C RNI 130mg
.
1997 <>, 4
1.
4
3 400ug
2.
3.
4.
1.
12
2.
B
3.
4.
400ug
ug/100g
58
425.1
9.2
1172.2
70.7
125.4
87.9
61.2
120.9
46.2
57.2
90.9
5.6
69.4
181.7
48.4
39.8
82.6
66.0
49.6
107.5
102.6
5.
1.
50100g
23 1
200kcal 15g 20g

50100g
2.
250ml 300mg
400500ml
3.
4.
4kg
5.
012
150g
e , 400~600ugd
(2) A
1)75 50 50 10
2 150 10
50 50
150 50 10
3 100
100 25
50 50
59
150 100 50
4 25 6 10
88.3 53.0 320 2110
16.7% 22.6% 60.7% 882 28.3 17.1
A3300 B1 1.56 B2 1.75 C140
1
1 , 200kcal(0.8MJ),
400g 400g,
2,
15g ,,
3,,
B1,B2 ,
B12 ,, A C
,,
4 ,,
,
5 100g , 150200g
2
1 250g, 10g ( 50g, 10g )
2 150g ( 70g, 100g )( 100g )
250g 50g
3 100g, 3g 50g
100g,()50g
50g, 10g
100g
28g
97g, 81g, 335g, 10.5MJ(2500kcal), 15%,
29%, 56%
1.8mg,
,,
,(DHA)
, DHA
250 10 100 10
50
150 70 100
60
150 50 10
250 10
150 100 50 150
10 10
100 25
8 -1
250-500ml
1-3
12
1 2 1
500ML,
800ML 3000
2.
25 702595
100
3.
DHA
20%-25%
4.
1
100 30
1200 /
2.
0.05mg100ml
61
25mg
50mg
5.
55%65%
6 .
1
1200g(4000IU)
3000g
2 D
D
D 10g(400IU) 50g
3B
B1 0.02mg100ml B2 0.03mg 100ml
B1 50B1
B1 1.8mg B2
1.7mg
B1
B2
1.
,,,
B D
2.
45
300500g
250g
, 500g
2.
1.
62
100150g
1/3
3.
500ml, 600mg
4.
5.
6.
500700 200 4~6 200250 50100
250 10001500 500 250
012 AI 95kcal(kgd)
95 kcalkg-1 d -1
2.
6 510
,
AI
2.0g(kgd) 3.5 g(kgd). 4.0 g(kgd).
3.
06 800ml
277g 47
5 45~50%612 30
40%
4.
12gkg( 37)( 40
50) 3060 4
63
5.
0.8 1.5~2%
6
23
4 300mg512 400mg
.
4
4
3
10mg/d12mg/d
.
118mgL
45
06 1.5mgd6 8mgd
.
AI 06 1.5mgd6 8mgd
6
. A
150200gd
D
400gd
. D
D 2 1 D
D D
D 10g(400IU)
. E
VE
VE 14.8mgL 8.9mgL, 2.6mgL VE
0.6mgL E
VE 3mg E d
K
K () K15
gL 4
K
K , 30
64
1 K
K
. C
VC VC 14( 11mg
L) VC
VC
VC 4050mgd
0 6
1. 68
2.
7 814
30
3. D
4. 1 6 K
K 16 K
16 K
5.
6.
6 12
1.
2.
3.
4.
78
1012
65

5.
6.
ARADHA D
IgA
2
4 2
2.
3.
1. :
1):1~6
2).:6~12
3):,,
66
1).
2).-
3). -- 46
7
4). Ca P Na KNa 2.53.0 CaP 2
5). AD
6)
7)
2.
1/3 1/2 2/3 1

2
;
3~4 ;
1030
3.
20%~28% 20%~28%
37% 1 89 8
.
4.
5.
4 8

67

23
46
79
1012
VAVD
B
VC
VAVD
B
VC
VAVD
VAVD
RNI
Kcal/d
1350
RNI
g/d
1300
1450
1400
1350
1300
35
40
45
35
40
3540
3035
45
1~3
1.
, 3~4 . 1100 1350 kcal/d

2.:
, 4050gd
3.
1~2 2 9001000g
75 3 3
AI 30%~35%,
1%,,.,
.
4.
,. 2
,,
68
3035
5.
6.
1 A A 1~3
RNI 500gd
2 D D RNI 10gd
D
31 RNI 0.6mg d 0.6mg d 60mg d
13
1.
350ml
A
100g
5080g
350ml
2.
75g 50g 25g VA
12
100g 100125g 20g
150g
23
100g 125150g 2025g
150200g
3.
4.
5.
6. 12502000ml
7. ()
8.
2.
4 5
3.
69
50 1
9.30 250
25 50 50
100
50 25
250
200ml
50g
1 17g
15g
20g
50g
30g
30g
25g
15g
25g
50g
20g
15g
50g
50g
30g
150ml
10g
20g
200ml
50g
15g
10g
200ml
50g
30g
15g
30g
5g
50g
40g
20g
20g
50g
40g
25g
25g
10g
80g
40g
20g
30g
25g
10g
10g
60g
40g
20g
30g
30g
30g
150ml
10g
20g
30g
10g
15g
20g
3 67
36 104kJ(44kcal) 60%36
1300~1700kcal. :
70
30%~35%, 14%~15%. 50%~60%.
1kg 160g
36 4560g/
50% 6.5 , 300 9 100
, 17 , .
RNI
Kcal/d
1350
RNI
g/d
1300
1450
1400
1600
1500
1700
45
50
55
1600
55
45
50
3035
3035
55
3035
55
3035
36 RNIs

3035
3% 0.5%
)
5060
800mg
d 2000mgd
300mld 600mld

WHO 8 4
50gd
800gd
1
1mg
12mgd 30mgd
C
71
2330g
12mgd
RNI 500600gd 1
UL 2000gd
B
B1 B2
3 B B1
B2
B2 B2
B1 B2 0.7mgd
C
C
C
C 2000
3 60mgd46 70mgd
1.
1
2
3
4 (300600ml)
5
30% 10
40%(
3 ) 30% 8 1000
1500ml/d
6
1 12
(2)
(3)
(4)
72
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8) 30
(9)
(10)
8
2.
1) 1 :
200~300 ( 600 ) 1 100~125 ,,
150 150~200 .
2).
:8~8.30
30%
:11.30~12. 40%( 3 )
:18.0 30%( 20 )
3).
1.

2.

73
()
1.
Kcal/
Kcal/
1700
1600
10
2100
2000
1800
1700
11
2400
2200
1900
1800
14~18
2900
2400
12%~14%. 55%~65%, 25%~30%
g/d
g/d
55
55
10
70
65
60
60
11
75
75
65
65
14~18
85
80
74
3.
, 25%~30% S:M:P<1:1:1
4.
55%~65%
5.
11~18
1000mg/d.
AI(mg/d)
UL(mg/d)
AI(mg/d)
UL(mg/d)
12
30
12
30
16
50
20
50
25
50
14
18
11
18
50
AI(mg/d)
UL(mg/d)
12.0
23
7~
18.0
37
15.0
34
14
18
6
11
AI(mg/d)
UL(mg/d)
13.5
28
19.0
42
15.5
35
RNI 6~10 90g/d;

11~13 120g/d;
14~18 150g/d;
UL800g/d;
6.
A
A RNI6 600gRE/d7~13 700 gRE/d
14~18 800 gRE/d700 gRE/d
UL2000 gRE/d
,<>:
1.
75
25%30% 1/41/3
30%40% 30%~40%
2. C
VC
3.
4.
2
3
4
5 1020
6) 10
7
23
76
5. 710
350g 100125g 50g2030g
300g 50100g 1015g 15g 250g
6. 1113
400g 125150g 5075g3040g
400g 50100g 1015g 15g 250g
3. 14~18
400660g 150175g 5075g50g
300550g 50100g 250g l0g 1020g
.
1.
,.
2.
kcal
(g)
60~
1900
1800
75
65
60~
2200
2000
75
65
70~
1900
1700
75
65
70~
2100
1900
75
65
77
80~
1900
1700
75
65
3.
20%( 1 )
4.
65,
810
1.
1
RNI 800~1000mg/d 2g
(2)
A

C
6.
1 A
2 D
D
( 3 ) E
E
12 10
4 VB1:
B
1 B 2 C

RNI 1.3mg/d,
78

5 VB2

RNI 1.3mg/d
(6) C
130mg/d.
B12B6
B
7.
,,..
.
4
1
B
85g
100g
2.
b-
3.
1
2
3
4
6
7
1
2 45
3
4
5
79

1
2
5
6
1 B12
2
VC
3
4
5
4.
.
.
1. 1000mg/g
2.
3.80mg/d
4.
5. D
80
1.
1
2

7%12% 12.7% 7%
77%
16%19% E
4
2.
1
81
4
B VB1 VB2
VE
2.
1
2
20% 36%
15%
B VE
1.
1
16%20%
2%
2
4
VE VB1
100g 8mgVC
5
100g 7~8mg
2.
82
1. ABCD
A B C D
2. A
A B C D
C
1.
1 VC
2
3 VC
4
5
VB1VB2
2.
1
2
3
1.
1
VC
VC
2
30%
VE B VE
83
3.
1.
1
20%
3
4
B VA VA
VB2VA VB2
VE
5
84
2.
28%33%
1%1.5%
1.
1
2
98%
3
4
5
2.
15%22% 1%10%
1 10 1.5% D H AVA VD VE B2
1.
1
1
85
85%90%
2
3
4
VA VD2
1 1
5
2
2.
1
1.
1
1
80
2
3
4
5
2

2/3
86

15 45
2
7080
8
12
12 1
2.
3.0% 80%
20% 85.
1.
2.
3.
4.
87

5.
1.
99 VE
99%
VE VA
2.
50%
1.
1
2
1
2
3 50 100
2 20%
20%40%40%
3
3.
7kcal
B VB1 VB2
88
1.
2.
89
3.

1.
2.
1
2
3
4
5
4.
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.
2.
1
90
2
3
3.
4
E
5
6
1
2
3
4
1.
1 VDVk
2
3 VAB
2.
1
2 VAVE
3 VE
3.
1
VE DNA
2
3 =
4.
1
5-5-HT6
1 12
91
2
DNA RNA
3
4 DHA<226>EPA<205>
5.
1 GI
2
3
6.
1
2
7.
1
2
3
8.
1
2
3
4
9.
1
2 L
3
10.
1
2
92
1.2.3.4.
1.
2. 3.
1.
1
1
2
2
2.
1
2
3
1.
1
2
2.
93
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
94
.
1.
2

3
95
1
a
b
c
PH
P
P0 Aw=P/P0
3
2
CuFeNi
96

CO2
4.
A.
.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
2.
1A....
B...
C.
2

1(Pseudomonas)PH 5.05.1
2(Micrococcus)(Staphylococuss)
3(Bacillus)(Clostridum)
4(Enterobacteriaceae)
5(Vibrio)(Flavobacterium)
5%
6(Halobacterium)(Halococcus) 12%
7(Lactobacillus)
3
1
gmlcm2
97

4
A.
B.
C.
D.
E..
F.
5
A.
B.
C.
D...
E.
6
.
.
7
3.
200
280 26
70%
98
1.
280
AFB1
2.
1 10
2 AFT
1963
3AFT AFT
3.
1
10
70%
99
Vb1
AFB1
1.
2.
3.
T2
4.

3
5
1
112~121 0.56Kg/cm2~
1Kg/cm2 20~30
62.830
71.7 15
.
3 120~150 1~3
4 1mm 1m
4.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
100

5.
N
.
1.
1
1605
2.
3.
4.
5.
1
101
10
2-3
500
5-10 5-15 3-5
2
15
4
2-5 1-2
2.
3.
4.
102
5.
6.
<>
()
1
Bt
1
2
40-60%
1
2
3
45.
103
1
2
3
4
80

<>
1.
(1)
(2)
(3)
2
(1)
(2)
(3)
3
(1)
(2)
(3)
1.Hg
2.ge)
3Pb
(1)
(2)
104

4As
(1)
(2)
<>N-
N-
N-NOC 300
90% : N- N-
1N-

2N-
N-
1
NaNO3---NaNO2---NO---
2
3-NO3-NO2
4
5
6
:
PH
SCN SCN()
().N-
1.
1)N-
105
3 N-
5 NOC
NOC
2
3
N-
1
2

VC
3 VC
4
5MnMo
6 ADI
7
SCN
<>
PAH
200
a B(a)P
190
aB(a)P
1 5 178 310~312
2
B(a)P AHH
DNARNA
3B(a)P
106
4 B(a)P
B(a)P
B(a)P
>190
AFB1 N-
<>
1.
1PEPP
H
LD50
2PS
(3(PVC)
HCl
107
4
FDA
2.
(1
2
3
1.
2.
(1)
40K 226Ra228Ra210Po
40 (K)
226 (Ra)
210 (Po )
(2)
1.
2.
3.
131I90Sr89Sr137Cs
4.
5.
108

1.
.
2.
3.
4 .
1)..
2)
3),,
4).
5),,,.
6),,.
7)..
8),..
1.
2.
3.
109

4.
5.
6.
7.
1. 12%~14%
10%~13%
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3..
4..
5.
6..
1.
4.
3.
0 60Co
1..
110
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
p7.0~7.4
pH 5.4
pH
1
2
1
2
10 5~15 -25 6~9
111
62.8 30
71.7 15 80~85
10~15
137.8 2
10
85
3.
112
1
2
3
4
0.2%
1. 2. 3. 4.
5.
6. 7. 8.
113

.
1.:.
.
WHO
2.

3.

114
a.
b.
c.
d..
4.
1)
2)
3)
4)
.
:
()
1.
12-36
3-7
1.
2.
2.
1 69
2
3:
(1)
(2)
(3)
()
() 6 10
38

115
3..
1
2

2-4 ,
, 1-3

4.
6~10
1-5 8-16
5.
10 8
A BE
4~5
-
30%~70% 10%
~10
116
2
3
4
5
6
7 70
8 15
9
10 5
1-5
0.5-1

5
3
10
117
4

10 3
2~5
10 5
4~6 40%~60%
5
300 80 10
0.5-6
1
3-4
2 10
14000
3 1mg
160mg
12 312
23

6.
118
0.5-3
7.
01-02 50-100
8.
10-50
9.
12
:
10.
11.
1
512
1030
2.
119
A A A
A
3.
10-24
4.
14% 7%
5.
6.
0.2-0.5 3
1%
25%~50% 20 1~2 /
C
7.
120
8 .
(1)
(2)
(3)
()
121

1.
2.
3.
122

1.
2.
3.
4.
DRIs
DRIs
1.EAR
2. UL
DRIs
1. EAR
2. (AI)
3. UL
4.
5. RNI
6.
7.

1.
2.

1.
2.
123
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

1.
1
220020
325
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
2.
1
1
2
3
2
124

1.
2.
1
1.
2.
1800kcal
2600kcal
1
50g100g 57
2
300500g
3
200400g
4
5075g
50100g
6
2550g 1
7
300g 360g 45g
3050g 40g 80g 120g

240g 650g
125
510g
9
25g 30g
10
6g
20ml 3g 10g 1.5g
1.
2.
7 g/d
1600kcal 1800kcal 2000kcal 2200kcal 2400kcal
225
250
300
300
350
30
30
40
40
40
300
300
350
400
450
200
200
300
300
400
50
50
50
75
75
300
300
300
300
300
25
25
25
50
50
50
50
75
75
75
20
25
25
25
30
6
6
6
6
6
3.
50g
(g)
50
50
60
150 110
375
80
80
100g
105
100
100
120
110
126
2600kcal
400
50
500
400
75
300
50
100
30
6
2800kcal
450
50
500
500
75
300
50
100
30
6
g
70
60
45
55
40
350
190
120
115
115
150
120
110
125
110
100g
130
120
120
115
115
105
115
120
160
115
g
130
170
150
145
150
120
180
50g
50
50
85
75
30
60
55
50
85
90
35
80
50
70
35
50
30
55
23
50g
85
75
90
65
80
60
95
70
85
130
85
80
80
105
70
50g
g
50
80
145
105
280
35
350
730
110
127

100g
g
100
15
100
4.
5.
10
Nutritional Deficiency Diseases
1
2
3
B5, C B
C B12
B6 E
Protein energy Malnutrition,

PEM
2123
456
PEM
PEM
128
1 --
(1)
(2)1
(3)
(4)Monkey face
(5)
(6)
(7)
2 PEM
1
213
3
4Moon face
5
6
(7)
(8)
(9)
3.
PEM
1.
2.
3.
4.
A D
A A
D
A
A A
A Vitamin A Deficiency WHO
A
1.
1
2
129
4
b- A
5
A
6
2.
1.
2.: A
,
,
3.
2)
()
, ,,,
,,,,,
,,
3)
4)
A
5) A
A
3.
1 A
4 A (ug/100g)
VA 15270 8970 5490 2670 2610 1788

(mg/100g
130
910
310
68
41
1042
66
26
13. 5. 4. 2. 2. 2. 0. 0. 0. 0. 12. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
32 33 81 63 42 40 72 71 62 21 00 92 82 75 45 38 52 19
2 A
3
A 1 30
4 A
D D
1.
1
2 D
3 D
4 D
2.
1Rickets
2 1 2
3.
1 3 7
9 D
79 D
12 D
131
AD
B1
VB1B2
B1
B2
B1 Vitamin B1 deficiency
B1
1.
1
2
3
B1
4
5
2.
1
VB1 3
Wernicke B1
4
3.
1
2
3
B1 (mg/100g)

V 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0.
132
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
B
1
8
3
7
8
7
4
6
7
4
3
4
0
3
0
2
5
2
2
1
8
5
4
4
6
3
2
2
0
1
5
0
2
1
7
1
3
1
1
1
0
0
5
4 B1
B2
1.
1
2
3
2.
1
2
3
4
3
6
B2

4.
1 B2
2
3
B2 (mg/100g)
B2
B2
B2
2.41
0.30
1.10
1.39
0.29
0.92
0.34
0.26
0.20
0.26
0.16
0.26
0.12
0.26
0.10
0.24
0.20
0.14
133
C
C
1.
1
2
3
4
2.
1
VC 34
3
4
3.
VC
1.
2.
1 5
2
134
3 8
3.
ug/100g
425.1
9.2
1172.2
70.7
125.4
87.9
61.2
120.9
46.2
57.2
90.9
5.6
69.4
181.7
48.4
39.8
82.6
66.0
49.6
107.5
102.6
400ug
1.
1
2 VD
2.
1
1
2
3.
135
1.
1
2
3
4
2.
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.
1
2
3
4
VAVB2VB12
5
6 (mg/100g)
17.6
8.3
6.3
16.5
5.6
2.1
7.9
2.7
5.9
3.9
1.5
8.5
10.1
2.3
1.2
136
1.
1
2
3
4
5
2.
1
2
3
4.
(mg/100g)
13.25
3.86
6.47
8.5
3.36
6.24
4.73
2.64
5.49
4.65
2.55
5.00
2.98
2.36
3.79
2.75
2.32
2.62
2.28
137
1.
2.
1
2
3.
1.
2.
1
2
3
4
3.
1
2
1 50100ug/d
2
138
ACE
C
A E A

1.
2.
1 BMI
=/*kg/m*m
18.523.9>=24>=28
2 WC
>90cm80cm
3 WHR
>0.9>0.8
4
1) kg=cm-105
=[/]*100%
2)
10% 20% 2030%
3050% 50% 100%
3.
1
2
3
4.
1
2
3
139
5.
1
lcal=kg*2025kcal/kg
30% 40% 30%
5% 25g
2
1 20%
20% 60% 50%
3 30g 500750g 100g
4
5
6
1.
1
1 >=140mmHg >=90mmHg
2
mmHg
mmHg
<140
<90
140~159
90~99
12
160~179
100~109
1
>=180
>=110
2
1)
50
2)
2040
3)
4)
5)
140

6)
7)
8)
3
1 10%
2
3
4
5 250ml
6 500g 200g
7
8
2.
1
TCTGHDL-C
2
1

TG
HDL-C
2

5
VC TC
VE
3
141
1

50%60% 10%20% 30%
8%10% 7%10% 10%15%
300mg/d

50%60% 10%20% 30%
7% 7%10% 10%15%
200mg/d
2
30kcal/kg

25%
20% 300mg 25g
111
300mg
55%60%
30g

(mg/100g)
2591
2110
1510
1132
871
647
608
585
515
476
466
460
354
341
295
290
288
285
267
226
193
168
165
162
161
158
158
3.
1
1)
2)
142
3)
4)
5)
6)
2
1
2
3
4
5
6VEVB6VB12
3
1

2

25%
300mg
50%60%
15%
2530g

3
800kcal
1200kcal

4.
1)

143

2)

mmol/L
75g 2h
mmol/L
<6.1
<7.8
>=7.0
>=11.1
IGT
<7.0
7.811.1
IFG
6.1~7.0
<7.8
1.
1
2.
1
=*
kcal/kg*
2025 1520 15

35
30
2025
144

40
35
30
4550 40
35
2
55%60% 20%25% 15%
30%
3 30g
4 VCVEVB1VA
5
6
7
8
1.
1
2
3
4
5
6
2.
3.
1
2025kcal/kg
500kcal
0.51kg
2
3
10%15% 25%
111
50g 55%65%
4
2000ml 810
3000ml
145

7
6001000mg/ 150mg/
100g
mg
mg
1
0.4
10.3
0.9
11.1
0.9
11.3
1.1
11.4
1.2
11.8
1.3
12.4
1.4
12.6
1.9
14.4
2.0
14.6
2.2
14.6
2.4
15.7
2.8
17.1
3.2
17.5
3.5
17.7
4.2
18.1
4.3
18.5
4.5
20.0
5.3
22.4
5.4
23.0
5.6
24.4
6.1
24.5
6.6
25.0
7.2
27.7
7.5
28.4
8.0
31.7
8.2
31.7
8.7
32.4
8.8
33.4
9.3
34.6
9.4
44.5
100g
mg
53.2
54.0
57.0
57.0
63.2
146
mg
111.5
122.5
132.4
132.6
137.1

66.6
137.4
75.1
137.7
75.7
140.2
83.7
140.3
87.9
140.6
92.8
113.1
100g
mg
mg
166.5
262.2
175
291.6
160400
295.0
202.4
363.0
233.0
589.1
238.0
825.0
239.0
638.9
120g

1.
1
2
3 80%
4 60%
5
6
7 VD
8 VK
9 VA
10 VC
11
2.
1
2
3
4 15%
5 250ml
147
7 DVAVCVK
8 6g
9
10
11
12

1/3
1.
1
2
3
4 A VA
5 VE
6 VC
7
8
VB1VB12VB2
2.
1
2
3
4
3.
1
2
3
4
5
6
4.
1
2
3 500g
4
45%60%
5
148
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
15%
80g
25%
6g
14
15
149
B1B2B6B12CAEK
150
E A A
2
95%
40 1
mg/dl
2
mg/dl
mg/dl
mg/dl
mg/dl
HDL
mg/dl
mmHg
BMI()
Kg/m 2
BMI()
Kg/m2
<108
<144
<7.0
0
<136
<200
> 42
<140/80
2025
19-24
108-140
144-180
7.0-8.5
0-500
136-200
200-250
42-35
140/90
2527
24-26
>140
>180
>8.5
>500
>200
>250
<35
>140/90
>27
>26
513, p248-250.
100g
100g
1. 10 1 3 30
151
2. 150ml7 3 4
3. 120
60
Nutrition Education)
1.
1. 2. 3. 4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
2.
300 700
152
1.
2.
Community Nutrition
10 -30 5000-50000
1.
153
2.
3.
Community Mobilization
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1.
2.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5. (Input) (Output)
(Output)
Benefit
1.
2.
1
2
3
154
4
5
1.
1
2
3
4
1
2)
3)
4
2.
1
2
3
4
5

1
1.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2.
3.
P292P298
2
1.
155
2.
3.
5.20P300P302
3
1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
(
5 )
4.
P400P407
1.
2.
3.
1
2
3
156
4
4.
5.
P411P416
5
1.
2.
3.
4.
P420P422

1
2
3
4
3
1.
1
2
3Problem StatementsProgress note

S-O-A-PS
Subjective DataO
Objective DataA Asssessment
P
Plan
4Flow Sheet
2
1.
2
157
3
4
P427P434
4
1.
2.
1Proportion
2
3
4
5

4 60
1.
A
6367
658
2433
B
10455
890
3033
C
4778
237
1650
D
4111
213
1503
2.
1
2
3.
4.
5.
A
6367
658
2433
18.9
10.34
38.21
B
10455
890
3033
23.5
8.15
29.01
C
4778
237
1650
12.8
4.96
34.53
D
4111
213
1503
11.6
5.18
36.56
158
1.
1
2
VB12

3 A
A
4 D
D
5VC
8
2.
1
1
2
1.2.3.
2
1.
2.
3.
4.
3.
1.
()
2. ()
A..
B.. W ,when where who what why.
C..,.
3
159

4
1:
1.. 2. 3..
2.
1
2.
3.
3
4

.
1..
2.
3.
6 12
30%
4.
1
2.
3. 612
4.
5
6.
7.
8.
9.
2
1.
10s
6 150-/
170-
2.
3.
10%20% 10%
20%
37 70 170
160
240kCal.
1.
2.
3.
1
2
3
4. ( 10%20%)
5.
1
2
3
4
5
6.
Kcal/kg/
0.115
100-120
0.121
100-120
0.132
120-140
0.158
140-160
30 /
0.170
140-160
100 / 0.067
80-100
90 ,
33 ,,.
:(0.067Kcal//kg33 6 70Kg0.121Kcal//kg70kg90 )/7241.9Kcal/

.
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
26
2001 12 11
2002 7 1 1993 3 15

168
00
169
( 30

170

2002 7 1 1993 3 15
20012010
12 6
20012010
10
171
172

营养学基础

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1 2 3 4

3 10%20% 20%30% 55%65%

1115 1617 1819 2030 3140 4150 51

-Protein energy Malnutrition, PEM

n n-3 n-6 n-7 n-9

2.Mg 25g 60%65%27%

15270 8970 5490 2670 2610

DRIs 200ugd 1000ugd

DRIs 16.5mg/d.UL 35 mg/d.

200kcal 15g 20g

1/3 1/2 2/3 1

, 3~4 . 1100 1350 kcal/d

30%~35%, 14%~15%. 50%~60%.

12%~14%. 55%~65%, 25%~30%

RNI 6~10 90g/d;

10 5~15 -25 6~9

300g 360g 45g

3050g 40g 80g 120g

Nutritional Deficiency Diseases

Protein energy Malnutrition,

VA 15270 8970 5490 2670 2610 1788

3 30g 500750g 100g

3Problem StatementsProgress note

:(0.067Kcal//kg33 6 70Kg0.121Kcal//kg70kg90 )/7241.9Kcal/

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