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Brake by Wire Systems
Brake by Wire Systems
INTRODUCTION
BRAKE BY WIRE SYSTEM is an application of mechatronics, which
is the integration of electronic devices and mechanical systems in order to improve
the performance of the system.
Recent advances in dependable embedded system technology as well
as continuing for improved handling and passive and active safety improvement,
have led vehicle manufactures and suppliers to actively pursue development
programme in computer controlled by wire system. These subsystems include steer
and brake by wire and are composed of mechanically developed sets of actuators
and controllers connected through multiplexed, in making computer network.
There is no mechanical link to the driver. Steer and brake by wire provide a
number of packaging and assembling advantages over conventional subsystems.
For instance electromechanical brake by wire subsystems requires no hydraulic
fluid to store or load at the assembly plant and permit more modular assembly;
thus reducing the number of parts to be handled during production. Steer by wire
systems have no steering column and may also eliminate cross production cost
packaging and traffic safety.
The by wire technology as in drive, brake and steer is gaining
ground and is undoubtedly an automation solution of the future. The argument to
the support such by wire systems include reduced production cost and improved
traffic safety. Emerging drive by wire technologies offer new possibilities for
designing the braking characteristics of road vehicle. When sensors, controllers,
and actuators enormous flexibility is achieved in terms of control devices applied
and in terms of transfer functions of the braking systems replace the mechanical
link between the brake pedal and disc brake. This offers new possibilities for
optimizing the braking systems for mass produced vehicle. However the flexibility
is of even greater advantage in the area of car adjustment for drivers with the
physical disabilities.
Development and production of next generation of electrical
braking systems up to purely electric braking systems.
If there is a leak in one of the circuits, that circuit will not be able to
maintain pressure. Here you can see what happens when one of the circuits
develops a leak. When the first circuit leaks, the pressure between the primary and
secondary cylinders is lost. This causes the primary cylinder to contact the
secondary cylinder. Now the master cylinder behaves as if it has only one piston.
The second circuit will function normally, but you can see from the animation that
the driver will have to press the pedal further to activate it. Since only two wheels
have pressure, the braking power will be severely reduced.
COMPONENTS
Electronic controller
Electronic pedal module with pedal feel simulator and sensors for
monitoring driver settings
Sensors; triple redundancy is needed for the pedal sensors to get one valid
pedal measurement by the loss of one sensor.
WORKING OF EMB
EMB is considered to brake by wire because it does away with
hydraulic link between the brake pedal and brake pad. EMB put a motor driven
caliper separated by 42V power at each wheel (42V technology refers to the
system voltage being embraced by car makers and suppliers who see the standard
12V battery as insufficient to supply the power. Whether the 42V system voltage
will be supplied by second lead acid battery and existing 12V battery remains
uncertain). Electronic control and caliper operate through a multiplex signal send
by a sensor in the brake pedal. Micro controllers on each wheel are connected to
the master controller with the ability to interrupt the signal between the pedal and
caliper that seeks the brake pad against the brake disc to produce the friction that
slows the car.
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With the FILO, driver input (steering, accelaration, braking and gear
shifting) is translated into electric signals that go by wire to electromechanical
control unit. Electric motors take over the conventional mechanical or hydraulic
functions with integrated sensors and measurement systems determining the
position, force and displacement. The electronic logic between the actuators and
driver controls offers vehicle designers an easier way of making the vehicle feel
the programmable to suit the different drivers.
The FILO concept uses the drive by wire technology engineered by
SKF, enabling a radical re-evaluation of the man-machine interface and the
architectural of a cars interior. STILE BERTONE has created a living space inside
a car devoid of the traditional constraints imposed on position and freedom of
movement.
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ADVANTAGES
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CONCLUSION
This paper presents various types of electrical braking systems and
their system structure starting from the conventional to new brake by wire systems
(EMB). EMB is the fully brake by wire systems without hydraulic back up. The
goal of brake by wire is to make the average driver as skilled as professional
driving in stabilizing the car. The electric controllers instead of hydraulic linkages
is used, yielding energy saving and flexibility of installation. Electric braking
system by wire pursues this trend and offers additional advantages since no
hydraulic system is required. EMB by wire systems without hydraulic back up is
purely brake by wire were discussed. It has been stated that redundant fail safe
structure for electrical and electronic components to be established due to the fact
that no mechanical or hydraulic linkages between he braking system are available.
Future innovative braking function such as vehicle dynamic
intervention, collision avoidance, tracking assistance, automatic lateral guidance
and finally autonomous driving functions will be implemented in a systems
compound of various vehicles. Future braking systems thus have to be integrated
into a system compound of in terms of interfaces and functions. The brake by wire
principle becomes absolutely necessary when this innovative function is to be
achieved. The customer will produce transition to the purely electric braking
system step by step, both for safety reasons and acceptance. The path will be lead
from electrical braking via brake by wire system with hydraulic or mechanical
backup system towards purely electromechanical brake by wire systems.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
www.wikipedia.org
www.howstuffworks.com
www.delphi.com
www.bmw.com
www.diseno-art.com