Application and developments of

FACTS devices in power system

Guided By
Reader.Mrs A.S. Deshpande

11/24/2011

Prepared By
Ekta Shah ME(EPE-III)
Roll NO:80

Scope of Work

Study of sim power system FACTS models of

MATLAB 7.1 version
Comparison of sim power system FACTS models
Testing and evaluation of following circuits of
sim power system with Different FACTS models.
Transient stability of Power system with SVC and
PSS

11/24/2011

Scope of work (continue)

Control of power flow using a UPFC and PST.

Three phase systems and machines
GTO based STATCOM

Development of application strategies

Implementation of Fact devices with respect to
optimum placement ,voltage control etc
Conclusion
3

11/24/2011

Basic introduction

What is FACTS devices ?

The Power System of today are mechanically controlled &

there is a widespread use of micro-electronics, computers &
high-speed communication for control & protection of present
transmission systems.
However, the switching devices are mechanical & there is a
little high-speed control & another problem with mechanical
devices is that control cannot be initiated frequently.
In effect, from the point of view of both dynamic & steadystate operation, the system is really uncontrolled.

11/24/2011

Basic introduction (continue)

This problem can be effectively solved with use of

FACTS technology.

DEFINITION of FACT DEVICES

Alternating current transmission system

incorporating power electronic based & other static
controllers to enhance controllability, increase power
transfer capability & the lower system losses.

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LIST OF FACT MODELS (in MATLAB 7.1)

HVDC transmission system- Thyristor based

(detailed model)
HVDC transmission system- VSC based (detailed
model)
STATCOM (phasor model)
STATCOM (detailed model)
SSSC (phasor model)
SVC (phasor model)
SVC (detailed model)

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LIST OF FACT MODELS (CONTINUE)

TCSC (phasor model)

TCSC (detailed model)
SVC & PSS (phasor model)
UPFC (phasor model)
UPFC (detailed model)
OLTC Phase Shifting Transformer (phasor model)
OLTC Regulating Transformer (phasor model)

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Basic definition and circuit of fact devices

11/24/2011

Static Var Compensator (SVC): A shunt-connected static var

generator or absorber whose output is adjusted to exchange
capacitive or inductive current so as to maintain or control specific
parameters of the electrical power system.

Basic definition and circuit of fact devices

The Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is one of the key

FACTS devices. Based on a voltage-sourced converter, the
STATCOM regulates system voltage by absorbing or generating
reactive power.

Basic definition and circuit of fact devices

The Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC), one of the key

FACTS devices, consists of a voltage-sourced converter and a
transformer connected in series with a transmission line. The SSSC
injects a voltage of variable magnitude in quadrature with the line
current, thereby emulating an inductive or capacitive reactance.
This emulated variable reactance in series with the line can then
influence the transmitted electric power

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10

Basic definition and circuit of fact devices

Unified power flow Controller (UPFC) is A combination of static
synchronous compensator and a static series compensator which are
coupled via a common dc link, to allow bidirectional flow of real
power between the series output terminals of the series
compensator and the shunt output terminals of the shunt
compensator, and are controlled to provide real and reactive series
line compensation and shunt reactive compensation.

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11

Basic definition and circuit of fact devices

Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC): A capacitive reactance

compensator which consist of a series capacitor bank shunted by a
thyristor-controlled reactor in order to provide a smoothly variable
series capacitive reactance

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12

Model of STATCOM

A
B
C

aA
bB
cC

B1

aA
bB
cC

B2

L1 300 km

A
B
C

B3

L2 300 km

Equiv . 500 kV
2500 MVA

A
B
C

Equiv . 500 kV
3000 MVA

aA
bB
cC

300 MW

Vref

Fault
Brk

A
B
C

a
b
c

A
B
C

A
B
C

Trip

100 MW

STATCOM m

m1

2 MW
A
B
C

100 MVA
STATCOM1

Zfault
Step Vref

Vm
Vref
Q
Qref

Vm Vref (pu)
Qm Qref (pu)

VQ_STATCOM

Signals
& Scopes
Vm

Vm (pu)

SVC
Power System
Phasors
powergui

Qm (pu)

SVC (magenta )
vs
STATCOM (yellow )

Reactive shunt compensation using a STATCOM

?
info

Wave form of STATCOM

Vm Vref(pu)

1.05

0.95

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

600

700

800

900

Qm Qref(pu)

0.5

-0.5

100

200

300

400

500

SSSC used for Power oscillation damping

2100 MVA
13 .8 kV/500 kV

P_B2

Pref

Vf

Reg _M2

Pm
Vf _

m
A
B
C

1400 MVA
M2

B1

C1
C2

100 MW

P_B2 (MW)

Scope 1

L1
(280 km)

L2-2
(150 km)

L3_50 km
A
B
C

a
b
c

aA
bB
cC

1400 MVA
13 .8 kV/500 kV

B3
A
B
C

-CPref 2

Pm

50 MW

A
B
C

Three -Phase
Dynamic Load

Phasors
powergui

11/24/2011

B4

Vqinj Vqref (pu)

Signals
& Scopes
m

B2

A
B
C

Step Vqref

Cc

Bb

POD Controller

Vq

A
B
C
Three -Phase Fault

P_B2
Aa

P_MW

L2-1
(150 km)

SSSC

Cc

Iabc _B2

100 -MVA
SSSC

Vqref *

B2

Vabc
Iabc
Vqref

Vabc_B2

A1

Bypass

250 MW

Bb

2100 MVA
M1

aA
bB
cC

Vqref

Vf _

Reg _M1

a
b
c

A
B
C

A2

Vf

B1

m
A
B
C

Aa

Pref

Pm

Bypass

-CPref1

Pm

A
B
C

Static Synchronous Series Compensator

(SSSC) used for power oscillation damping

Double click
to see SSSC operation
with and without POD

?
info

15

Wave form of SSSC without POD

4

x 10-3

Vqinj Vqref(pu)

2
0
-2
-4

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

8000

10000

12000

P (MW)

1000
800
600
400
200

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2000

4000

6000

16

Wave form ofVqinjSSSC

Vref(pu) with POD

0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
-0.2

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

6000

8000

10000

12000

P MW

1200
1000
800
600
400
200
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2000

4000

17

TCSC Model
TCSC phasor
N

A
B
C

Programmable
Voltage Source 1

A
B
C

aA
bB
cC

A
B
C

A1
B1
C1

TCSC
A
B
C

aA
bB
cC

[Itcsc]

Itcsc
Vtcsc
Itcsc

TCSC
alpha

zref

alpha

TCSC impedance

zref
Control System
impedance for capacitive mode 120 <zref<136
impedance for inductive mode 19<zref<60

Ptcsc

Power [MW]

ztcsc

ztcsc [Ohms]

alpha

11/24/2011

Phasors

Dragan Jovcic
University of Aberdeen ,
Scotland , UK

Thyristor controlled series capacitor

phasor model

alpha [deg]

Scopes

Programmable
Voltage Source 2

transmission line

[Vtcsc]

A
B
C

main variables

(TCSC)

?
Double click for info

18

Waveform
of TCSC
Power(MW)

1000
500
0

1000

1000

2000

1000

2000

150

2000
3000
TCSC impedance(ref and measured)

4000

5000

6000

4000

5000

6000

4000

5000

6000

100
50
0
90

3000
alphg(deg)

85
80
75

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3000

19

UPFC model
500 MW
500 MW
------>

95 MW
197 MW
<------

A
B
C

230 kV

Aa
Bb
Cc

Power Plant #1
Pnom =1000 MW

A
B
C

500 kV

aA
bB
cC

B2

[Vdqref ]
aA
bB
cC

L2_50km

B_UPFC

powergui

11/24/2011

Aa

Bb

Cc

C
c

587 MW -27 Mvar

687 MW -27 Mvar
------>

1279 MW
1277 MW
------>

aA
bB
cC

aA
bB
cC

B5

L3_50km

B3

Pref (pu)
-0.27
Qref (pu)

UPFC
Measurements

[PQref ]

Vdqref

[Vdqref ]

P Pref (pu)
Q Qref (pu)
Vconv _mag (pu)
Vconv _phase (deg.)

VPQ
Measurements

Vpos. seq. B1 B2 B3 B4 B5
P B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 (MW)
Q B 1 B2 B3 B4 B5 (Mvar )

Control of Power Flow using a Unified Power Flow Controller

VPQ Lines

(UPFC)

A
B
C

Equivalent
500 kV
15 000 MVA

196 .6
689 .7
687
796
1277

Vdqref

UPFC
Phasors

Tr2: 800 MVA

230 kV/500 kV

200 MW

Natural power flows

(Bypass breaker closed )
are shown in red notes .
Power flows with UPFC
(Pref=687MW, Qref=-27 Mvar)
are shown in blue notes .

[PQref ]

m
Trip
Bypass
A2
PQref
VdqrefUPFC
B2
A1
B1
C2
C1

B4

A
B
C

589 MW
690 MW
------>

Power Plant #2
Pnom = 1200 MW

Bypass

Double click to plot

UPFC
Controllable Region

899 MW 28 Mvar II
796 MW 15 Mvar V

Shunt 500 kV, 100 MVA

Series 100 MVA,10% injection
UPFC

L1_65km
double circuit

B1

Tr1: 1000 MVA

230 kV/500 kV

1000 MW
1000 MW
<------

Active Powers (MW)

B1 B2 B3 B4 B5

?
info

20

Waveform of Power control with UPFC

7
6
5
-0.26
-0.28
-0.3

P Pref(pu)

0.5

1.5

2.5
x 104

1.5

2.5
x 104

Q Qref (pu)

0.5

1
Vconv mag(pu)

0.1
0.05
0
100
95
90

0.5

1.5
Vconv phase (deg)

2.5
x 104

0.5

1.5

2.5
x 104

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21

Model of SVC
B1
A
B
C

aA
bB
cC

3000 MVA
X/R = 10

A
B SVC m
C

SVC
(Phasor type )

<B (pu)> 2
<Vm (pu)>

Bus
Selector

pu/100 MVA

Vactual
Vm (pu)

Scope

V1

Three -Phase
V-I Measurement
A

500 kV

A
B
C

A
B
C

Bactual
Bcontrol (pu/100 MVA)

10 MW

Signal Processing

Phasors
powergui
11/24/2011

Double click
to plot
V-I characteristic

Phasor Simulation of a Static Var Compensator

?
info
22

Wave form of SVC

Bactual Bcontrokl(pu/100MVA)

1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

800

1000

1200

Vatctual Vm (pu)
1.1
1.05
1
0.95

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200

400

600

23

Model of SVC with PSS

B1

B2

B3

aA

aA

aA

bB

bB

bB

cC

cC

L2 350 km
Load
5000 MW

Vf

Pref

SVC
(Phasor type )

0.95

Fault Breaker

Pm

cC

L1 350 km

A
B
C

1000 MVA
13 .8 kV/500 kV
C
C

M 1 1000 MVA

A
A
B

Vf _

SVC

Pm

m
Pm

Vf _

Pref 1
Turbine &
Regulators M 1

<B (pu)>

M 2 5000 MVA

<Vm (pu)>

Bus
Selector
Scope
V pos , seq.
B1 B2 B3 (pu)

V
P

d_theta 1_2
w1 w2
Vt 1 Vt 2

-CGeneric

stop

-CMulti -Band

PSS

-Cno PSS

Phasors
powergui

11/24/2011

Machine
Signals

Vf

Pref

0.809094
Pref 2

Line power (MW)

System

PV Measurements

Pm

5000 MVA
13 .8 kV/500 kV

Turbine &
Regulators M 2

d_theta 1_2 (deg)

Show comparison
Detailed vs Phasor
simulation

w1 w2 (pu)
Vt 1 Vt 2 (pu)

Show impact of SVC

for 3-phase fault

Machines
STOP
Stop Simulation
if loss of synchronism

Show impact of PSS

for 1-phase fault

Transient stabilty of a two-machine transmission system

with Power System Stabilizers (PSS) and Static Var Compensator (SVC )
This demo requires the Control System Toolbox

?
info

24

Wave form of SVC with PSS

Vm (pu)

1.1
1
0.9
0.8
0.7

6
5

x 10

Qm (pu)

1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1

6
x 105

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25

Model when SVC replaced with STATCOM

B1

B2

B3

aA

aA

aA

bB

bB

bB

cC

cC

1000 MVA
13 .8 kV/500 kV

Pm

cC

L1 350 km

L2 350 km

A
B
C

M 1 1000 MVA

C
C

Vf _

AA
B

Pm

Load
5000 MW

Step Vref

0.95
100 MVA
STATCOM 1

Pref 1

m
Pm

STATCOM

Vm

Vm Vref (pu)

Vref

Pm

m1
V pos , seq.
B 1 B2 B3 (pu)

VQ_STATCOM

Signals
& Scopes

V
P

w1 w2
Vt 1 Vt 2

-CGeneric

stop

-CMulti -Band

PSS

-Cno PSS

Phasors
powergui

11/24/2011

Machine
Signals

Vf

5000 MVA
13 .8 kV/500 kV

Pref

0.809094
Pref 2

Line power (MW)

System

PV Measurements
d_theta 1_2

M 2 5000 MVA

Qm Qref (pu)

Qref

Vf _

Turbine &
Regulators M 1

Trip
Pref

Vf

Vref

Fault Breaker

Turbine &
Regulators M 2

d_theta 1_2 (deg)

Show comparison
Detailed vs Phasor
simulation

w1 w2 (pu)
Vt 1 Vt 2 (pu)

Show impact of SVC

for 3-phase fault

Machines
STOP
Stop Simulation
if loss of synchronism

Show impact of PSS

for 1-phase fault

Transient stabilty of a two-machine transmission system

with Power System Stabilizers (PSS) and Static Var Compensator (SVC )
This demo requires the Control System Toolbox

?
info

26

Waveform when SVC replaced with STATCOM

Vm Vref(pu)
1.1

0.9

0.8

0.7

3
Qm Qref (pu)

6
4

x 10

1.5
1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1

6
4

x 10

11/24/2011

27

Transient stability of a transmission system with

(PSS) and (SVC)
B1

B2

B3

aA

aA

aA

bB

bB

bB

cC

cC

A
B
C

Fault Breaker
Pref

SVC
(Phasor Type )

Load
5000 MW

SVC

0.95

m
Pm

Vf

L2 350 km

cC

L1 350 km

Pm

1000 MVA
13 .8 kV/500 kV

A
B

M 1 1000 MVA

Vf _

m
Pm

Pref 1

Trip
Vref

A1
B1
C1

TCSC

M 2 5000 MVA

<B (pu)>
STATCOM

Vf _

<Vm (pu)>

Turbine &
Regulators M 1

5000 MVA
13 .8 kV/500 kV

SVC
Pm

100 MVA
STATCOM1

V pos , s eq.
B 1 B2 B3 (pu)

Vf

Pref

0.809094
Pref 2

-CGeneric

Line power (MW)

System

PV Measurements
d_theta 1_2

-CMulti -Band

PSS
w1 w2

-Cno PSS

Vt 1 Vt 2
s top

Machine
Signals

Turbine &
Regulators M 2

d_theta 1_2 (deg)

Show comparison
Detailed vs Phasor
simulation

w1 w2 (pu)
Vt 1 Vt 2 (pu)

Show impact of SVC

for 3-phase fault

Machines
STOP

Show impact of PSS

for 1-phase fault

Stop Simulation
if loss of synchronism

Phasors
powergui

11/24/2011

Transient stabilty of a tw o-machine transmission system

w ith Pow er System Stabilizers (PSS) and Static Var Compensator (SVC)
This demo requires the Control System Toolbox

?
info

28

Control of power flow using UPFC & PST (proposed work)

11/24/2011

29

Three phase systems & machines

11/24/2011

30

GTO based STATCOM

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31

REFRENCES

Books
Understanding FATCTS Concepts and Technology of
Flexible AC Transmission Systems
By Narain G. Hingorani & Laszio Gyugui
Software MATLAB 7.1

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32

THANKING YOU

11/24/2011

33