, 2014

kvleva momzadda tolerantobis da mravalferovnebis institutis (TDI)

mier aRmosavleT-dasavleTis marTvis institutis (EWMI) programis
saqarTveloSi sajaro politikis, advokatirebisa da samoqalaqo
sazogadoebis ganviTareba (G-PAC) farglebSi.
kvlevis Catareba SesaZlebeli gaxda amerikeli xalxis gulisxmieri
mxardaWeris Sedegad, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso
ganviTarebis saagentos (USAID) dafinansebiT.
kvlevis Sinaarsze mTlianad pasuxismgebelia tolerantobis da
mravalferovnebis instituti (TDI). is SesaZloa ar gamoxatavdes USAIDis, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis mTavrobis an EWMI-is Sexedulebebs.
mkvlevarTa jgufi:

samarTlebrivi analizi
ekaterine lomTaTiZe
mediis monitoringi maia wiklauri

eqsperti:

beqa mindiaSvili

proeqtis xelmZRvaneli:

ekaterine WiTanava

redaqtori:

lia SarvaSiZe

Targmani:

ekaterine lomTaTiZe
sofio tyemalaZe

dizaini:
yda:

natalia Rlonti
paul klee,
cecxli savse mTvaris dros, 1933

tolerantobis da mravalferovnebis instituti (TDI)

tiraJi:

400

beWdva:

Sps universali

ISBN: 978-9941-0-6951-2
akrZalulia aq moyvanili masalebis gadabeWdva, gamravleba an
gavrceleba komerciuli mizniT, tolerantobis da mravalferovnebis
institutis (TDI) werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe.

sekularobisa da diskriminaciis Sesaxeb ........................................... 5

kvlevis mizani ................................................................................................... 6
kvlevis meTodologia .................................................................................. 7

1. sekularizmi da rwmenisa da aRmsareblobis
Tavisufleba saqarTveloSi ...................................................................... 11
1.1. konstituciuri debulebebi da marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis dominanturi mdgomareoba ..................................................... 12
1.2. religiis sakiTxTa saxelmwifo saagento ................................. 14
2. preferenciuli mopyroba saqarTvelos avtokefaluri
samociqulo marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mimarT .......................... 18
2.1. konstituciuri SeTanxmebis analizi da instituciuri
uzrunvelyofa .................................................................................................. 19
2.2. samxedro valdebuleba ....................................................................... 24
2.3. sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi .................................................................... 25
2.4. sabWoTa kavSiris dros miyenebuli zianis
anazRaureba da sakulto nagebobebis dabruneba .......................... 30
2.5. marTlmadidebeli eklesiis privilegiebi
sajaro ganaTlebis sferoSi ..................................................................... 33
2.6. saxelmwifo qonebis privatizeba ................................................... 36
3. sabWoTa kavSiris memkvidreoba religiur
organizaciebTan dakavSirebiT ................................................................ 39
3.1. sabWoTa kavSiris dros miyenebuli
zianis anazRaureba ......................................................................................... 39
3.2. sabWoTa kavSiris dros CamorTmeuli
qonebis restitucia ....................................................................................... 41
3.2.1. sinagogis saqme .................................................................................. 43
3.2.2. laTin kaTolikeTa eklesiis saqme ........................................ 45
4. religiuri Seuwynareblobis motiviT Cadenili
samarTaldarRvevebi da marTlmsajulebis aRsruleba ............ 50

4.1. iehovas mowmeTa qristianuli organizaciis

mier aRricxuli samarTaldarRvevebi da
maTi samarTlebrivi Sedegebi .................................................................. 51
4.2. muslimTa Temis winaaRmdeg 2012-2013
wels Cadenili samarTaldarRvevebi .................................................. 57
4.3. devnis dawyebisa da msjavrdadebis statistikis
analizi saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlosa da mTavari
prokuraturis informaciis safuZvelze ........................................... 62
4.4. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis analizi ................................... 66
5. sakulto nagebobebis mSeneblobis nebarTva .............................. 69
5.1. iehovas mowmeTa qristianuli organizacia:
Terjolis SemTxveva ..................................................................................... 70
5.2. meSvide dRis qristian-adventistTa
organizaciis mier nagebobis mSenebloba manglisSi.................... 72
5.3. laTin kaTolikeTa eklesia rusTavSi ........................................ 73
5.4. iehovas mowmeTa qristianuli organizaciis
samefo darbazebis mSenebloba xaSursa da suramSi..................... 74
6. religiuri institutebis avtonomiis sakiTxi .......................... 76
6.1. saqarTvelos muslimTa sammarTvelos
Seqmna da marTva .............................................................................................. 77
7. rekomendaciebi xelisuflebisadmi .................................................. 78

1. religiis Temaze sajaro gancxadebebis mimoxilva ................. 81
1.1. 17 maisis movlenebi............................................................................... 82
1.2. sofel samTawyaroSi mimdinare movlenebi .............................. 87
1.3. minareTis demontaJi sofel WelaSi ............................................ 90
1.4. incidenti xanuqas dResaswaulze................................................ 94
1.5. TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqsis miReba ............................................ 95
1.6. patriarqis 2014 wlis saSobao epistole ..............................100
1.7. mTavrobis iniciativa oTxi konfesiis
dafinansebasTan dakavSirebiT ...............................................................102
1.8. antidiskriminaciuli kanonproeqtis ganxilva .................103
daskvna ................................................................................................................113



Seuwynarebloba qarTveli sazogadoebis fundamenturi problemaa. is aris indikatori imisa, Tu ramdenad axerxeben an
ver axerxeben saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi Tanamedrove sazogadoebad Camoyalibebas. Tanamedrove sazogadoeba adamianis individualuri Tavisuflebis princips efuZneba, nebismier adamians unda hqondes sakuTari Tavis gamoxatvis da sakuTari
pirovnebis ganviTarebis saSualeba. Tanamedrove sazogadoeba
swored aseTi, Tavisufali adamianebis erTobliobaa.
Seuwynareblobas, erTi mxriv, arqauli, premodernuli cnobiereba kvebavs, romelic nebismier gansxvavebul adamianSi
ucxosa da mters xedavs, meore mxriv ki totalitaruli
memkvidreoba, romelic sazogadoebas uniformulad, erTsaxovanad warmoidgenda. umravlesoba, romelic yovelTvis
marTali swored imitom iyo, rom umravlesoba iyo, dawesebuli normidan nebismier gadaxvevas pirdapir Tu iribad danaSaulad acxadebda. saqarTveloSi Seuwynarebloba Zaladobis, Cagvris da aqedan gamomdinare konfliqtebis uSualo
wyaroa.
tolerantobis principi adamianebis Tanasworobaa. is ar auqmebs gansxvavebebs adamianebs Soris, aramed am gansxvavebas
legitimurad aRiarebs. saqarTvelos konstitucia am mxriv
sazogadoebriv cnobierebaze winaa. is aRiarebs adamianebis Tanasworobis universalur principebs, romlebic saqarTveloSi
irRveva sakanonmdeblo doneze, yoveldRiur praqtikasa da sajaro diskursSi.

winamdebare kvleva Seuwynareblobis ramdenime mniSvnelovan

sakiTxs eZRvneba. pirveli nawili ikvlevs, ramdenad aris saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia sxva aRmsareblobebTan SedarebiT upirates mdgomareobaSi Cayenebuli da iZleva rekomendaciebs, rogor SeiZleba aRmovfxvraT saqarTvelos aramarTlmadidebel moqalaqeTa uflebebis aqedan gamomdinare Selaxva. es
sakiTxi mniSvnelovania ara marto sazogadoebrivi, aramed saxelmwifo TvalsazrisiTac. Tanamedrove saxelmwifo, sxvaTa Soris,
rwmenis da aRmsareblobis Tavisuflebis princips efuZneba da
Sesabamisad, saxelmwifos mkacrad mijnavs eklesiisagan. bolo
wlebSi vxedavT, rom saqarTvelos saxelmwifos sekularul safuZvlebs marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mzardi gavlenis fonze
saxelmwifos iseTi mniSvnelovani sferoebis klerikalizaciiT
eqmneba safrTxe, rogoricaa, magaliTad, ganaTleba, Tavdacva,
sajaro administracia.
kvlevis meore nawili, romelic sajaro diskursis jer mxolod
zedapirs exeba, ikvlevs politikosTa da sajaro pirTa ritorikas. miuxedavad imisa, rom politikosebi, sasuliero pirebi, moqalaqeebi, eTnikuri, religiuri an seqsualuri Tanasworobis
konstituciur principebs aRiareben, isini garkveul daTqmebs
akeTeben, romlebic sabolood am principebis nivelirebas axdens da pirdapir Tu iribad Zaladobis legitimacias iZleva.
zaal andronikaSvili

saqarTvelos 1995 wlis konstitucia,1 iseve rogorc qvemdgomi
kanonmdebloba,2 erTmniSvnelovnad aRiarebs rwmenisa da aRmsareblobis Tavisuflebasa da Tanasworobas ganurCevlad religiisa.
1
saqarTvelos konstitucia, 24 agvisto, 1995, muxli 9, punqti 1, muxli 14, muxli 19,
punqti 1.
2
magaliTisTvis ix. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi, 22 ivlisi, 1999, muxli
53, nawili 31; saqarTvelos Sromis kodeqsi, 12 dekemberi, 2010, muxli 2, nawili 3,4;
saqarTvelos kanoni diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb, 2 maisi, 2014.

miuxedavad imisa, rom sakanonmdeblo CarCo unda uzrunvelyofdes sxvadasxva religiisadmi Tanaswor mopyrobasa da sekularul sivrces mTeli sazogadoebisTvis mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebebis misaRebad, bolo dros Catarebuli kvlevebi da
ganviTarebuli movlenebi adasturebs saqarTvelos avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiis gavlenis radikalur
zrdas mosaxleobaze, rac misdami preferenciul mopyrobas ganapirobebs religiuri gaerTianebebis funqcionirebis yvela
sferoSi.
meore mxriv, arcTu iSviaTia sxva religiebis an umciresobebisadmi marTlmadidebeli umravlesobis Seuwynareblobis aqtebi, rac umeteswilad efeqturi reagirebis gareSe rCeba.3
religiuri diskriminaciisa da konstituciuri sekularizmis winamdebare kvleva miznad isaxavs: sakanonmdeblo CarCos, Seuwynareblobis niadagze Cadenil samarTaldarRvevebze saxelmwifos reagirebis, religiur umravlesobasa da
umciresobebTan xelisuflebis sxvadasxva Stosa da struqturebis damokidebulebis, politikosebis, saxelmwifo
da sajaro moxeleebis religiis konteqstSi gamovlenili
poziciebis kritikul analizs; am kuTxiT arsebuli xarvezebisa da naklovanebebis identificirebasa da Sesabamisi
rekomendaciebis SemuSavebas, rac xels Seuwyobs religiis
safuZvelze diskriminaciis aRmofxvras da ufro myar garantiebs Seqmnis saqarTvelos sekularuli ganviTarebisTvis.

kvlevis farglebSi religiuri niSniT diskriminaciis gamomwvevi qcevis modelebis identificirebisa da maTze saTanado
reagirebis meqanizmebis SemuSavebisTvis Caiwera da damuSavda interviuebi religiuri umciresobebis warmomadgenlebTan.
kvlevis avtorebma gaaanalizes sakanonmdeblo aqtebi; gamoiTxoves sajaro informacia sasamarTloebidan, Sinagan saqmeTa
3
saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis angariSi saqarTveloSi adamianis uflebebisa da
Tavisuflebebis dacvis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, 2013, gv. 293-317.

saministrodan, mTavari prokuraturidan, saqarTvelos mTavrobidan da sxva Sesabamisi uwyebebidan. amasTan, gaanalizda
politikosebis, saxelmwifo da sajaro moxeleebis gancxadebebi, romlebic mediaSi gamoqveynda.
kvlevis pirveli nawilisTvis Catarda interviuebi religiuri umciresobebis warmomadgenlebTan: evangelur-protestantuli eklesiis xuces Smagi WankvetaZesTan, saqarTvelos
saxarebis rwmenis eklesiis warmomadgenel lela xoneliZesTan, qarTvel muslimTa kavSiris Tavmjdomaris moadgile
tariel nakaiZesTan, saqarTveloSi kaTolike eklesiis (amierkavkasiis laTinuri wesis kaTolikeTa samociqulo administracia) mRvdel akaki WeliZesTan, meSvide dRis qristian-adventistTa organizaciis sasuliero pirebTan, boris Waraiasa da aleqsandre SvarcTan, iehovas mowmeebis qristianuli
organizaciis warmomadgenel iurist manuCar cimintiasa da
asiriul-qaldeuri kaTolike eklesiis moZRvarTan, beniamin
beTiadegarTan.
am interviuebze dayrdnobiT da religiuri umciresobebis
mier mowodebuli masalebis (sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebi, administraciuli warmoebis dokumentebi, sajaro moxeleebTan mimowera, a.S.) safuZvelze kanonmdeblobis is
sferoebi gamovlinda, romlebic, savaraudod, uSvebs sajaro
moxelTa mier TviTneburi da diskriminaciuli gadawyvetilebebis miRebas da ar uzrunvelyofs religiuri umciresobebis
jerovan dacvas Zaladobis an uTanasworo mopyrobisgan.
Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis Semdgomi analizisTvis sajaro informaciis moTxovna gaegzavnaT saqarTvelos yvela saerTo
sasamarTlos, Sinagan saqmeTa saministros, mTavar prokuraturas, saqarTvelos mTavrobasa da ssip saxelmwifo qonebis
erovnul saagentos, agreTve, 70-mde sajaro skolas saqarTveloSi, religiis sakiTxTa saxelmwifo saagentosa da sxva
organoebs.
mopovebuli informacia saSualebas iZleva, gamovyoT saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobisa da saxelmwifo praqtikis is sferoe8

bi, sadac religiuri umciresobebi dausabuTebel dabrkolebebs awydebian, rasac isini gansxvavebul da diskriminaciul
mopyrobad aRiqvamen. amgvaria:

sabWoTa kavSiris dros miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis

wesi;

saxelmwifo qonebis privatizebis sferoSi religiuri

gaerTianebebis diskriminacia;

sabWoTa kavSiris dros CamorTmeul sadavo eklesiebze

sakuTrebis uflebis dadgena;

religiuri SeuwynareblobiT motivirebul danaSaulebze

samarTlebrivi devnis dabali maCvenebeli da efeqturi
reagirebis nakleboba;

mSeneblobis

nebarTvis

gacemasTan

dakavSirebuli

warmoeba;

marTlmadidebluri religiis indoqtrinacia sajaro

skolebSi;

Careva religiuri institutebis avtonomiaSi;

sagadasaxado da sabaJo kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili
privilegiebi.

Sesabamisad, samarTlebrivi kvleva warmodgenilia aRniSnul

sakiTxebze kanonmdeblobisa da masTan dakavSirebuli praqtikis analizis saxiT, rac efeqturi rekomendaciebis SemuSavebis saSualebas iZleva identificirebuli sakanonmdeblo
xarvezebis aRmosafxvrelad, religiuri niSniT diskriminaciasTan brZolisa da sekularizmis principis ganmtkicebis TvalsazrisiT.

kvlevis meore, mediis nawilSi mimoxilulia 2013-sa da 2014

wlis pirvel naxevarSi politikosebisa da xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTa mier religiuri niSniT neitralurobis darRvevisa da Seuwynarebeli ritorikis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebi.
kvlevis obieqtebi iyvnen xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi:
prezidenti, premier-ministri, ministrebi, ministris moadgileebi, departamentebis xelmZRvanelebi; adgilobrivi xelisuflebisa da TviTmmarTvelobis wevrebi; parlamentarebi;
sxva sajaro uwyebebis gadawyvetilebebis mimRebi pirebi, saparlamento da arasaparlamento opoziciis warmomadgenlebi.
kvlevis farglebSi gaanalizda politikosTa sajaro gancxadebebi im mediasaSualebebSi, romlebic fokusirebulia religiuri sakiTxebis, siZulvilis enisa da diskriminaciis problematur aspeqtebze. esenia: veb-gamocemebi netgazeTi da
tabula. aseve monitoringi ganxorcielda saerTo-erovnuli
dafarvis mqone arxis, rusTavi 2-is toqSouebSi: arCevansa da poziciaSi gakeTebul gancxadebebze. amasTan, mkvlevarebma Seiswavles gazeT asaval-dasavalSi gamoqveynebuli
masalebi, radgan am gamocemas umciresobebisadmi aSkarad Seuwynarebeli da diskriminaciuli saredaqcio politika aqvs,
garda amisa, monitoringSi SemTxveviTi SerCevis wesiT moxvda
is mediac, sadac sajaro pirebis rezonansuli gancxadebebi
gamoqveynda.
monitoringis periodSi sul mimovixileT veb-gverdebze
tabula da netgazeTi gamoqveynebuli 160 statia, 10 masala
gazeT asaval-dasavlidan da telekompania rusTavi 2-is 7
gadacema.

10


1. sekularizmi da rwmenisa da aRmsareblobis
Tavisufleba saqarTveloSi
sekularizmis idea gulisxmobs gansazRvruli tipisa da intensivobis instituciur gamijvnas saxelmwifosa da religias
Soris da saero sajaro sivrcis uzrunvelyofas religiis privatizebis gziT.4 adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos
praqtikidan erTmniSvnelovnad gamomdinareobs moTxovna, rom
saxelmwifo iyos neitraluri religiebTan mimarTebaSi:

regulaciis uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebisas am

sferoSi da sxvadasxva religiebTan, denominaciebTan
da sarwmunoebebTan urTierTobisas saxelmwifos aqvs
valdebuleba iyos neitraluri da miukerZoebeli
miukerZoebeli... rac
SeuTavsebelia saxelmwifos mier religiuri rwmenis
legitimurobis SefasebasTan... xelisuflebis organoebis
roli... imaSi ki ar mdgomareobs, rom dapirispireba
aRmofxvran pluralizmis ganadgurebis gziT, aramed maTi
rolia, uzrunvelyon Semwynarebloba... saxelmwifos amgvari
roli xels uwyobs sajaro wesrigs, religiur harmonias da
Semwynareblobas demokratiul sazogadoebaSi... da nakleb
warmosadgenia, rom aman daamciros im eklesiis an rwmenis
roli, romelTanac konkretuli qveynis mosaxleoba
istoriulad da kulturulad asocirdeboda...5
qvemoT gaanalizebuli iqneba saqarTvelos konstituciis
relevanturi debulebebi, romlebic gansazRvraven saxelmwifosa da eklesiis urTierTobis models saqarTveloSi da
amasTan, adgenen rwmenis Tavisuflebis garantiebs. agreTve,
gaanalizebuli iqneba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesi4
R. Palomino, Legal Dimensions of Secularism: Challenges and Problems, 4 Contemp. Readings L. & Soc.
Just 208 2012, gv. 208, 2011.
5
iehovas mowmeTa gldanis kongregaciis 97 wevri da oTxi sxva piri saqarTvelos
winaaRmdeg, ganacxadi no. 71156/01, 2007 wlis 3 maisi, par. 131-132.

11

is dominanturi mdgomareoba da privilegiebi sxva religiur

gaerTianebebTan mimarTebiT da religiis sakiTxTa saxelmwifo
saagentos Seqmna da misi perspeqtivebi arsebul viTarebaSi.

1.1. konstituciuri debulebebi da marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis dominanturi mdgomareoba
saqarTvelos konstituciis me-9 muxli acxadebs:
1. saxelmwifo acxadebs rwmenisa da aRmsareblobis srul
Tavisuflebas. amasTan erTad, aRiarebs saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiis gansakuTrebul rols saqarTvelos istoriaSi da mis damoukideblobas
saxelmwifosagan.
2. saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da saqarTvelos samociqulo
avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiis urTierToba ganisazRvreba konstituciuri SeTanxmebiT. konstituciuri SeTanxmeba srulad unda Seesabamebodes saerTaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod aRiarebul principebsa da normebs, kerZod,
adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa sferoSi.6
amdenad, saqarTvelos konstitucia, erTi mxriv, aRiarebs
rwmenisa da aRmsareblobis srul Tavisuflebas da amasTan,
adamianis uflebebisTvis primatis miniWebis Semdeg xazs usvams saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiis [SemdegSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
eklesia] gansakuTrebul rols saqarTvelos istoriaSi. am
tipis midgoma saqarTvelos aqcevs saxelmwifosa da eklesiis urTierTobis modelSi, romelsac waxalisebuli eklesiis
modeli ewodeba.7
6
saqarTvelos konstitucia, 24 agvisto, 1995 weli, muxli 9.
7
qoul durhemis ganmartebiT: waxalisebuli eklesia sargeblobs aRiarebiT, magram
qveynis konstitucia adgens, rom yvela jgufi Tanasworia. zogjer mxardaWera SedarebiT
uvnebelia da Semoifargleba mxolod da mxolod imis aRiarebiT, rom konkretulma
religiurma tradiciam mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula qveynis istoriasa da kulturaSi.
sxva SemTxvevebSi, mxardaWera funqcionirebs rogorc organizaciisTvis miniWebuli
prerogativebis SenarCunebis cudad SeniRbuli meTodi, Tumca, formalurad ufro
liberaluri reJimis saxes inarCunebs. amdenad, eklesiisa da saxelmwifos urTierTobis

12

TumcaRa, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis gansakuTrebuli rolis

aRiarebasTan erTad, saqarTvelos konstituciis me-9 muxli
or mniSvnelovan daTqmas Seicavs: erTi mxriv, is upirvelesad
rwmenisa da aRmsareblobis srul Tavisuflebas acxadebs da
amiT gansazRvravs konteqsts, romliTac aRiarebulia marTlmadidebeli eklesiis gansakuTrebuli roli. rwmenisa da aRmsareblobis Tavisufleba damatebiT ganmtkicebulia saqarTvelos konstituciis me-19 muxlSic. meore mxriv ki, is miuTiTebs
eklesiis damoukideblobaze saxelmwifosgan, rac saxelmwifosa da eklesiis gancalkevebis, damoukidebel subieqtebad gamocxadebisa da maTi Sesabamisi sferoebis gamijvnis garantiaa
da warmoadgens kidec sekularobis arss.
saxelmwifosgan eklesiis damoukideblobaze yuradRebis gamaxvilebas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs saxelmwifosTan
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mWidro kavSiris istoriis gaTvaliswinebiT. saqmeSi kedrofi da sxvebi CrdiloeT amerikaSi
ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wminda nikolozis kaTedralis winaaRmdeg, amerikis uzenaesma sasamarTlom aRniSna,
rom rusuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis ganviTareba istoriulad caris Zalauflebis gafarToebis proporciuli iyo,
radgan eklesia sajaro samsaxuris mzard nawils warmoadgenda.8 es dakvirveba, romelic miuTiTebs marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis msaxurebis sajaro samsaxurTan asocirebaze, simarTles warmoadgens saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiasTan
dakavSirebiTac, gansakuTrebiT, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom
es ukanaskneli 1811 wlidan ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis nawili gaxda. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelma eklesiam
avtokefaluri statusis dabruneba mxolod 1917 wels SeZlo.
dResdReobiT, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis privilegirebis umniSvnelovanesi gamoxatuleba da safuZvelia
konstituciuri SeTanxmeba saxelmwifosa da marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis sapatriarqos Soris, romliTac sapatriarqom miiRo
modelebis wrfeze, romlis erT boloSi saxelmwifo religiis modelia, meoreSi ki
saxelmwifosa da eklesiis mkacri gamijvnis modeli, saqarTvelo ufro axlos dgas
saxelmwifo eklesiis modelTan. ix. W. Cole Durham, Perspectives on Religious Liberty: A Comparative
Framework, krebulSi Religious Human Rights in Global Perspective, J.D. van der Vyver and J. Witte, Jr. (eds.),
1996 Kluwer Law International, gv. 1-44.
8
KEDROFF v. ST. NICHOLAS CATHEDRAL, 344 U.S. 94 (1952) 344 U.S. 94.

13

avtonomiisa da samarTlebrivi da qonebrivi problemebis

gadawyvetis garantiebi, rac qvemoT iqneba detalurad ganxiluli.
samarTlebrivi statusis gansazRvra, sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi, sabWoTa kavSiris dros miyenebuli zianis anazRaureba,
sakulto nagebobebis sakuTrebis sakiTxebi sasicocxlod
mniSvnelovani iyo sxva religiuri organizaciebisTvisac,
Tumca, maTi problemebis mosagvareblad zomebis miReba zog
SemTxvevaSi konstituciuri SeTanxmebis dadebidan TiTqmis
aTi wlis Semdeg moxda (mag. religiuri organizaciebis statusis Taobaze), zog SemTxvevaSi ki, sakiTxi jerac gadasawyvetia (mag. sabWoTa kavSiris mier CamorTmeuli sakulto nagebobebis sakiTxi).
saqarTveloSi Catarebuli kvlevebi adasturebs marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mimarT mosaxleobis ndobisa da mxardaWeris
maRal maCvenebels.9 aRniSnuli, erTi mxriv, ganapirobebs dominanturi religiisadmi xelisuflebis mkafio keTilganwyobasa da mis privilegirebas rogorc sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi
CarTulobis, ise sazogadoebrivi resursebiT uzrunvelyofis
TvalsazrisiT; meore mxriv ki, adgili aqvs marTlmadidebeli
umravlesobis mxridan ukiduresi Seuwynareblobis aqtebs sxva
religiebis an umciresobebis mimarT, rac xSirad samarTaldamcavi organoebis efeqturi reagirebis gareSe rCeba.10

1.2. religiis sakiTxTa saxelmwifo saagento

religiur gaerTianebebTan dakavSirebuli sakanonmdeblo bazis uzrunvelyofisa da maTTvis aqtualuri sxva sakiTxebis
mogvarebis mandatiT, saqarTvelos mTavrobam 2013 wlis 29
9
ix. mag. 2013 wlis kavkasiis barometris monacemebi: gamokiTxulTa 72% srulad
endoba marTlmadidebel eklesias (xelmisawvdomia: http://caucasusbarometer.org/en/cb2013ge/
TRUGOCH/ ), xolo gamokiTxulTa 8% Tavs marTlmadidebel religias ganakuTvnebs. (http://
caucasusbarometer.org/en/cb2013ge/RELGION/ ).
10 saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis angariSi saqarTveloSi adamianis uflebebisa da
Tavisuflebebis dacvis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, gv. 293-317.

14

noembers N305 dadgenilebis Tanaxmad Seqmna religiur gaerTianebebTan dakavSirebuli calkeuli sakiTxebis Semswavleli uwyebaTaSorisi komisia.11 komisiis Tavmjdomared dainiSna saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ministri reintegraciis sakiTxebSi paata zaqareiSvili. komisiis SemadgenlobaSi Sevidnen
mxolod saxelmwifo Tanamdebobis pirebi da arc erTi religiuri organizaciis warmomadgeneli. komisiis debulebis Tanaxmad, mis ZiriTad amocanebs warmoadgenda religiur-sakulto nagebobebis mSeneblobis maregulirebeli da religiur
gaerTianebebTan dakavSirebuli sxva kanonmdeblobis analizi
da SemuSaveba, aRniSnuli gaerTianebebis sakuTrebis Seswavla da a.S.
tolerantobisa da mravalferovnebis institutma (TDI) komisiis saqmianobis Sesaxeb informacia gamoiTxova Serigebisa
da samoqalaqo Tanasworobis sakiTxebSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ministris aparatidan.12 rogorc mowodebuli informaciiT13 irkveva, komisiam 2013 wlis 29 noembridan 2014 wlis
10 Tebervlamde Caatara 5 sxdoma da SeimuSava saqarTveloSi
arsebuli religiuri gaerTianebebisTvis sabWoTa totalitaruli reJimis dros miyenebuli zianis nawilobriv anazRaurebasTan dakavSirebuli zogierTi RonisZiebis ganxorcielebis
wesis damtkicebis Taobaze saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenilebis proeqti da agreTve sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli
piris religiis sakiTxTa saxelmwifo saagentos Seqmnisa da
debulebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenilebis proeqti. pirveli saqarTvelos mTavrobam miiRo
2014 wlis 27 ianvars,14 meore ki 2014 wlis 19 Tebervals.15
11 saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenileba no. 305, religiur gaerTianebebTan
dakavSirebuli calkeuli sakiTxebis Semswavleli uwyebaTaSorisi komisiis Seqmnisa da
misi debulebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb, 2013 wlis 29 noemberi.
12 iqve, debulebis muxli 2.
13 Serigebisa da samoqalaqo Tanasworobis sakiTxebSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifo
ministris aparatis werili no. 153-g, 20.02.2014.
14 saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenileba no. 117, saqarTveloSi arsebuli religiuri
gaerTianebebisTvis sabWoTa totalitaruli reJimis dros miyenebuli zianis nawilobriv
anazRaurebasTan dakavSirebuli zogierTi RonisZiebis ganxorcielebis wesis damtkicebis
Taobaze, 2014 wlis 27 ianvari.
15 saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenileba no. 177, sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris
religiis sakiTxTa saxelmwifo saagentos Seqmnisa da debulebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb, 2014
wlis 19 Tebervali.

15

religiis sakiTxTa saxelmwifo saagentos Seqmnis Semdeg,

komisiam 2014 wlis 30 ivniss arseboba Sewyvita.16
debulebis Tanaxmad, religiis sakiTxTa saxelmwifo saagento
(SemdegSi saagento) warmoadgens mTavrobisa da premier-ministris sakonsultacio organos religiis sferoSi da mis uflebamosilebebs ganekuTvneba: religiis sferoSi arsebuli mdgomareobis gaanalizeba, samarTlebrivi aqtebis proeqtebisa da
rekomendaciebis momzadeba, konstituciuri SeTanxmebiT gansazRvruli miznebis SesrulebisTvis rekomendaciebis momzadeba,
agreTve, sakulto nagebobebis mSeneblobasa da religiis sferoSi ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebuli rekomendaciebis momzadeba, religiur gaerTianebebs Soris konfliqtis SemTxvevaSi Suamavlis
rolis Sesruleba, tolerantuli garemos mxardaWera da a.S.
aRsaniSnavia, rom marTlmadidebel eklesiasTan konstituciuri
SeTanxmebis aRsrulebis mizniT damatebiT arsebobs 2012 wels
Seqmnili samTavrobo komisia, romlis Semadgenloba da funqciebi Semdeg TavSi iqneba ganxiluli. aRniSnuli komisia jer
gauqmebulad ar gamocxadebula da konstituciur SeTanxmebasTan
mimarTebiT adgili aqvs uflebamosilebebis dublirebas saagentosa da komisias Soris.
2014 wlis 24 ivnisis saagentos werilSi17 miTiTebulia, rom am
etapze strategiul samoqmedo gegmas da calkeul proeqtebs
amzadeben da jerjerobiT saagentos arc erTi rekomendacia ar
gaucia mis kompetencias mikuTvnebul sakiTxebze.
2014 wlis TebervalSi Catarebul interviuebSi religiuri
gaerTianebebis warmomadgenlebi miuTiTebdnen, rom religiuri sakiTxebisTvis saagentos Seqmna sabWoTa kavSiris dros
arsebuli religiur saqmeTa sabWos istoriul asociacias
iwvevda. religiur saqmeTa sabWo 1965 wels Seiqmna ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakiTxTa sabWosa da religiuri kultebis sakiTxTa sabWos gaerTianebis gziT: sabWos
Camoyalibeba ganixileboda... rogorc sarwmunoebis mimarT
16 saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenileba no. 423, religiur gaerTianebebTan
dakavSirebuli calkeuli sakiTxebis Semswavleli uwyebaTaSorisi komisiis Seqmnisa da
misi debulebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2013 wlis 29 noembris no.
305 dadgenilebis Zaladakargulad gamocxadebis Taobaze, 2014 wlis 30 ivnisi.
17 ssip religiis sakiTxTa saxelmwifo saagentos werili no. 1/129, 24.06.2014.

16

saxelmwifo politikis gadasvla religiebis mdgomareobisa da

religiuri organizaciebis saqmianobis zedamxedvelobidan
maT kontrolze.18
religiis sakiTxebis organosTan dakavSirebuli mZime istoriuli gamocdilebis garda, am organos mimarT undoblobas
iwvevs isic, rom mTavrobas saxalxo damcvelTan arsebul religiaTa sabWosTan an Sesabamis arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan
raime konsultacia ar gauvlia.19 rac mTavaria, Seqmnili organo ar aris dafuZnebuli warmomadgenlobaze, rac religiuri
gaerTianebebis avtonomiaSi saxelmwifos TviTneburi Carevis
riskebs warmoSobs, naTqvamia saxalxo damcvelTan arsebul religiaTa sabWosa da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis erTobliv gancxadebaSi.20
aRsaniSnavia, rom evropuli komisia rasizmisa da Seuwynareblobis winaaRmdeg rekomendacias uwevs saxelmwifoebs, raTa
Seqmnan rasizmisa da Seuwynareblobis sakiTxebze specializebuli organo. TumcaRa, saqarTvelos Sesaxeb evropuli komisiis 2010 wlis moxsenebis Tanaxmad, komisia rekomendacias uwevda mxolod rasizmTan brZolis specializebuli organos Seqmnas da xazs usvamda saxalxo damcvelTan arsebuli religiaTa
sabWoebisa da tolerantobis centris miRwevebs religiuri Semwynareblobis xelSewyobis TvalsazrisiT: 2005 wels saxalxo
damcvelTan daarsda eTnikuri umciresobebisa da religiaTa
sabWoebi, romlebic asruleben mniSvnelovan sakonsultacio
funqcias... saxalxo damcvelTan muSaobs agreTve tolerantobis centri, romelic axorcielebs situaciis monitorings da
pasuxobs eTnikuri, religiuri da sxva umciresobebis mimarT
gamovlenil Seuwynareblobis faqtebTan dakavSirebul problemebs... rasizmisa da rasobrivi diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg
brZolaSi saxalxo damcvelis sakvanZo rolis gaTvaliswinebiT,
ECRI urCevs saqarTvelos xelisuflebas kvlavac ganagrZos am
institutis mxardaWera. ECRI rekomendacias uwevs saqarTvelos
18 .. , : ,
.
19 saxalxo damcvelTan arsebuli religiaTa sabWosa da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
erToblivi gancxadeba religiis sakiTxTa saxelmwifo saagentosTan dakavSirebiT,
xelmisawvdomia: http://www.tolerantoba.ge/index.php?news_id=600.
20 iqve.

17

xelisuflebas, ganagrZos dialogi religiur umciresobaTa

warmomadgenlebTan, kerZod, saxalxo damcvelTan arsebul religiaTa sabWosTan TanamSromlobis farglebSi.21
saagentosTan dakavSirebiT problemuria is, rom misi mandati gamWvirvale ar aris. gaugebaria misi rekomendaciebis
samarTlebrivi da politikuri mniSvneloba, gansakuTrebiT
maSin, rodesac rekomendaciis adresati iqneba ara mTavroba,
romelic misi damfuZnebeli organoa, aramed adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTvelobis organoebi an sxva organoebi; gaugebaria,
agreTve, rogor SemuSavdeba rekomendaciebi, ramdenad samarTliani da inkluziuri iqneba procedurebi dainteresebuli
mxareebis azris mosmenisa da gaTvaliswinebis TvalsazrisiT,
rodis Seasrulebs Suamavlis rols gaerTianebebs Soris konfliqtisas saagento roca mxareebi miiwveven Tu rodesac
TviTon gadawyvets, aseve ramdenad savaldebulo da SemboWavi
iqneba religiuri gaerTianebebisTvis saagentos miTiTebebi da
moTxovnebi.
am droisTvis, rodesac saagentos arc erTi rekomendacia ar
arsebobs, ar iqneba marTebuli daskvnis gakeTeba imis Taobaze,
Tu rogor gamoiyenebs saagentos Tavmjdomare zaza vaSaymaZe
misTvis miniWebul uflebamosilebas. Tumca, Tavad is faqti,
rom organos mandatis farglebi bundovania da ar aris gamWvirvale im qveyanaSi, romelsac religiuri umciresobebis
devnis istoria aqvs, SeSfoTebis safuZvels iZleva.

2. preferenciuli mopyroba saqarTvelos

avtokefaluri samociqulo
marTlmadidebeli eklesiisadmi
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis dominanturi mdgomareobis mniSvnelovani gamovlinebaa ara mxolod saxelmwifos mier calke
instituciuri struqturis Seqmna misi problemebis mosagvare21 evropuli komisia rasizmisa da Seuwynareblobis winaaRmdeg, moxseneba saqarTvelos
Sesaxeb (monitoringis meoTxe cikli), 28 aprili, 2010, gv. 21, 22, 37.

18

blad, aramed konstituciuri SeTanxmebiT miniWebuli araerTi

sxva privilegia, romlebiTac saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
eklesia eqskluziurad sargeblobs: calkeuli sagadasaxado
SeRavaTebi, saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze arsebul marTlmadideblur taZrebze, monastrebze, maT nangrevebsa da miwis
nakveTebze da saeklesio saganZurze sakuTrebis uflebis aRiareba, didi saeklesio dResaswaulebis dasvenebis dReebad
gamocxadeba. konstituciuri SeTanxmebis safuZvelze saxelmwifom aiRo agreTve valdebuleba, aenazRaurebina XIX-XX saukuneebSi, gansakuTrebiT 1921-1990 wlebSi, miyenebuli qonebrivi
ziani, Seeqmna moZRvris instituti sajariso formirebebsa da
Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi da erToblivi saganmanaTleblo programebi ganexorcielebina marTlmadidebel eklesiasTan. am sferoebSi preferenciuli mopyrobis arsi qvemoT
detalurad iqneba ganxiluli.

2.1. konstituciuri SeTanxmebis analizi da

instituciuri uzrunvelyofa
saqarTvelos konstituciis me-9 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli
konstituciuri SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesias Soris gaformda 2002
wlis 14 oqtombers.
konstituciuri
SeTanxmebiT
ganisazRvra
saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis statusi is istoriulad Camoyalibebul sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirad gamocxadda.
religiuri gaerTianebisTvis, maT Soris dominanturi religiuri gaerTianebisTvis, samarTlebrivi statusis miniWeba rwmenisa da aRmsareblobis Tavisuflebidan gamomdinare
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani garantiaa religiuri gaerTianebis
avtonomiurobisTvis. TumcaRa, konstituciuri SeTanxmebis
dadebisas es warmoadgenda marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mimarT
preferenciuli mopyrobis aSkara magaliTs da udides upiratesobas aniWebda mas, radgan sxva religiur gaerTianebebs
araTu sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirad, aramed saerTod,
19

iuridiul pirad registracia ar SeeZloT, Tu religiuri

miznebis deklarirebas moaxdendnen.
2005 wlamde, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1509-e muxlis pirveli punqtis Tanaxmad, sajaro miznebis misaRwevad
kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze Seqmnili arasaxelmwifoebrivi
organizaciebi (politikuri partiebi, religiuri gaerTianebebi da sxv.) sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirebad iTvlebodnen. am muxlis safuZvelze religiur gaerTianebebs ar
SeeZloT kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirebad (im dros moqmedi kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, kavSirebad an fondebad)
registracia. Tumca, problema is iyo, rom maT arc sajaro
samarTlis iuridiul pirad registracia SeeZloT, radgan
saxelmwifom Sesabamisi kanonmdebloba ar miiRo, romliTac
religiuri organizaciebis registraciis wesi da statusi
ganisazRvreboda.
swored amgvarad ganmarta saqarTvelos uzenaesma sasamarTlom samoqalaqo kodeqsis Sesabamisi muxlebi: vidre kanoniT
ar gansazRvrula religiuri organizaciebis, rogorc sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli pirebis Seqmnis, organizaciisa da
saqmianobis wesi, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1509-e muxlis pirveli
nawilis e qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, dauSvebelia kerZo samarTlis
iuridiuli pirebis organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formebis
gamoyeneba.22 am safuZvliT 2001 wels gauqmda iehovas mowmeTa
gaerTianebis registracia kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirad.
samoqalaqo kodeqsis amgvari ganmarteba religiuri gaerTianebebs saxelmwifos mier Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis miRebamde
iuridiuli piris statusis mopovebis SesaZleblobas arTmevda.
regulireba Seicvala 2005 wels, rodesac religiurma gaerTianebebma miiRes kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli pirebis formiT (kavSirebisa da fondebis, SemdgomSi arakomerciuli iuridiuli pirebis formiT) registraciis ufleba. sabolood,
konstituciuri SeTanxmebiT Seqmnili privilegirebuli mdgomareoba aRmoifxvra 2011 wlis 5 ivliss saqarTvelos samo22 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa
palatis ganCineba 3k/599, 22 Tebervali 2001 weli.

20

qalaqo kodeqsSi cvlilebis Setanis gziT kodeqss daemata

15091 muxli, romlis pirveli nawili acxadebs: religiuri
gaerTianebebi SeiZleba daregistrirdnen sajaro samarTlis
iuridiul pirebad. Sesabamisad, sxva religiur gaerTianebebsac miecaT SesaZlebloba, samarTlebrivi statusis TvalsazrisiT gaTanasworebodnen saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel
eklesias.
konstituciuri SeTanxmebiTve (muxli 11) iqna gaTvaliswinebuli, rom unda Seqmniliyo sabWoTa kavSiris dros
miyenebuli zianis nawilobriv anazRaurebis sakiTxebze
paritetuli komisia. marTlac, saqarTvelos prezidentis 2003
wlis 7 ianvris .1 brZanebulebiT23 ganisazRvra saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefalur
marTlmadidebel eklesias Soris konstituciuri SeTanxmebiT gaTvaliswinebul RonisZiebaTa uzrunvelmyof komisiaTa
Semadgenlobebi. brZanebuleba iTvaliswinebda xuTi komisiis
Seqmnas: 1. jvrisweris saxelmwifo aRiarebasTan dakavSirebiT;
2. samxedro-sajariso formirebebsa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis
adgilebSi moZRvris (kapelanis) institutis SeqmnasTan dakavSirebiT; 3. saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoebis swavlebis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT; 4. kulturuli memkvidreobis sferoSi samarTlebrivi da qonebrivi
urTierTobebis mowesrigebis RonisZiebebTan dakavSirebiT; 5.
saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis dakargvis periodSi eklesiisTvis miyenebuli materialuri zianis nawilobrivi kompensaciis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT.
miuxedavad imisa, rom am brZanebulebis mixedviT, TiToeul
komisias or TveSi unda waredgina prezidentisTvis Sesabamisi komisiis debuleba, amgvari debulebebi ar momzadebula.
tolerantobisa da mravalferovnebis institutma (TDI) saqarTvelos prezidentis administraciasa da saqarTvelos mTavrobas aRniSnuli komisiebis saqmianobis Sesaxeb informaciis
misaRebad mimarTa. saqarTvelos prezidentis administraciis
pasuxis Tanaxmad, am komisiaTa sxdomis oqmebi saqarTvelos
23 saqarTvelos prezidentis brZanebuleba no. 1, saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da
saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefalur marTlmadidebel eklesias Soris konstituciuri
SeTanxmebiT gaTvaliswinebul RonisZiebaTa uzrunvelmyof komisiaTa Seqmnis Sesaxeb,
2003 wlis 7 ianvari.

21

prezidentis administraciaSi daculi ar aris.24 saqarTvelos

mTavrobam aRniSnuli komisiebis saqmianobis Sesaxeb informaciis gamosaTxovad tolerantobisa da mravalferovnebis institutis werili raime dasabuTebis gareSe gadaugzavna ssip
saxelmwifo qonebis erovnul saagentos, romlis oficialuri pasuxis Tanaxmad, maT ar gaaCniaT informacia komisiebis
saqmianobis Sesaxeb.25 aqedan SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom maRali
albaTobiT, komisiebs ar dauwyiaT saqmianoba da amiT aris
ganpirobebuli informaciis ararseboba Sesabamis saxelmwifo
dawesebulebebSi.
prezidentis no. 1 brZanebuleba gauqmda 2012 wlis 21 Tebervlis no. 125 prezidentis brZanebulebiT. sanacvlod, saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2012 wlis 21 Tebervlis no. 63 dadgenilebiT
Seiqmna saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefalur marTlmadidebel eklesias Soris konstituciuri SeTanxmebiT gaTvaliswinebuli sakiTxebis ganmxilveli samTavrobo komisia, ganisazRvra misi samuSao jgufebis
Semadgenloba da debuleba. dadgenilebaSi bolo cvlileba Sevida 2013 wlis 21 maiss. 2014 wlis 5 ivlisis mdgomareobiT, am
dadgenilebis me-3 muxlis Tanaxmad, arsebobs 8 samuSao jgufi:
1. qonebrivi sakiTxebis ganmxilveli da eklesiis ekonomikuri
saqmianobisaTvis Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi bazis Semqmneli; 2.
XIX da XX ss-Si (saqarTvelos damoukideblobis dakargvis periodSi) eklesiisaTvis miyenebuli zaralis damdgeni; 3. saxelmwifo muzeumebSi daculi saeklesio saganZurisa da istoriuli
mniSvnelobis taZrebis movla-patronobis reJimis damdgeni;
4. kanoniT dadgenili wesiT jvrisweris aRiarebis ganmsazRvreli; 5. samxedro-sajariso formirebebSi, sapatimroebsa
da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi moZRvris institutis
ganmsazRvreli; 6. ganaTlebis sferoSi urTierTTanamSromlobis ganmsazRvreli; 7. sazRvargareTis qveynebSi saqarTvelos
sapatriarqos samarTlebrivi statusisa da iq arsebuli qarTuli eklesia-monastrebis movla-patronobisa da sakuTrebis
ganmsazRvreli; 8. religiuri daniSnulebis nagebobaTa warmomavlobis damdgeni.
24 saqarTvelos prezidentis administraciis werili no. 3493 tolerantobisa da
mravalferovnebis instituts, 28.04.2014.
25 ssip saxelmwifo qonebis erovnuli saagentos werili no. 14/10899, 26 marti, 2014.

22

aRsaniSnavia, rom religiuri daniSnulebis nagebobaTa warmomavlobis sakiTxi uSualod exeba saqarTveloSi arsebuli sxva
religiuri gaerTianebebis, gansakuTrebiT somexTa marTlmadidebeli samociqulo wminda eklesiisa da laTin kaTolikeTa
eklesiis interesebs. Tumca, am jgufis, iseve rogorc yvela sxva
jgufisa, wevrebi arian mxolod saqarTvelos xelisuflebisa
da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis warmomadgenlebi,
miuxedavad imisa, rom maTma gadawyvetilebebma sxva religiebis
sakuTrebis sakiTxi SeiZleba gadawyvitos maTi monawileobis
gareSe.
rogorc Cans, am samuSao jgufebis arseboba isev nominaluria
da sakiTxebis Seswavlisa da Sesabamisi winadadebebis momzadebisTvis muSaoba ar mimdinareobs. komisiisa da misi samuSao
jgufebis Sesaxeb informaciis gamoTxovis Semdeg, saxelmwifo
qonebis erovnulma saagentom tolerantobisa da mravalferovnebis instituts (TDI) moawoda konstituciuri SeTanxmebiT gaTvaliswinebuli sakiTxebis ganmxilveli samTavrobo
komisiis mxolod erTi sxdomis oqmi, romelic 2012 wlis 29
marts Catarda.26 sxdomis oqmiT irkveva, rom komisia SeTanxmda, intensiurad emuSava samuSao jgufebSi, kerZod, qonebrivi
sakiTxebis ganmxilveli samuSao jgufi unda Sekrebiliyo
saorientaciod 2 kviraSi erTxel, danarCeni jgufebi ki TveSi
erTxel. saagentom sxva informaciis mowodeba ver SeZlo, rac
isev saSualebas iZleva, davaskvnaT, rom zemoxsenebuli komisiis saqmianobis Sesaxeb sxva informacia sajaro dawesebulebebSi
daculi ar aris.
rogorc wina TavSi, religiis sakiTxTa saxelmwifo saagentoze
msjelobisas, aRvniSneT, mis erT-erT uflebamosilebas warmoadgens rekomendaciebis momzadeba konstituciuri SeTanxmebiT gansazRvruli miznebisa da amocanebis Sesasruleblad. aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT samTavrobo komisiasa da saagentos
kompetenciebs Soris arsebobs dublireba.

26

saxelmwifo qonebis erovnuli saagentos werili no. 14/15481, 01/maisi/2014.

23

2.2. samxedro valdebuleba

konstituciuri SeTanxmebis me-4 muxlis Tanaxmad, sasuliero piri, rac terminTa ganmartebiT niSnavs marTlmadidebel
eklesiaSi kanonikuri wesiT xeldasxmul pirs, Tavisufldeba
samxedro valdebulebisgan.
aRsaniSnavia, rom sasuliero pirebis gaTavisuflebas saerTo araferi aqvs keTilsindisier winaaRmdegobasTan, radgan
marTlmadidebel eklesias samxedro valdebulebis moxdis
sawinaaRmdego raime doqtrina ar gaaCnia; religia arc eklesiis mimdevrebs da arc sasuliero pirebs am safuZvliT samxedro samsaxurze uaris Tqmas ar sTxovs.
samxedro valdebulebisa da samxedro samsaxuris Sesaxeb
saqarTvelos kanonis 30-e muxlis Tanaxmad, samxedro samsaxurSi gawveva gadauvaddebaT mRvdelmsaxurebs da maT, vinc sasuliero saswavlebelSi swavloben. samxedro-sarezervo samsaxuris Sesaxeb kanonis me-8 muxlis pirveli punqtis l qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, sasuliero pirebi Tavisufldebian sarezervo samsaxuris gavlisgan. rogorc uzenaesi sasamarTlos
gadawyvetilebebiT ikveTeba, sasuliero pirSi moiazreba ara
mxolod saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis, aramed sxva
religiebis, magaliTad, iehovas mowmeTa mRvdelmsaxuric. Tumca, isev uzenaesi sasamarTlos praqtikaze dayrdnobiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sxvadasxva formaluri mizezis gamo (mag. droulad gamoucxadebloba gamwvev komisiaSi) sasuliero pirebsac
SeiZleboda dahkisrebodaT administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis 1973 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli pasuxismgebloba
sarezervo samsaxurSi gamoucxadeblobis gamo.27
religiis mimdevrebi, romlebsac keTilsindisieri winaaRmdegoba aqvT samxedro valdebulebis moxdis mimarT, araTu ar
Tavisufldebodnen samxedro savaldebulo samsaxuris Sesrulebisgan, aramed 2011 wlamde alternatiuli samsaxuris
samxedro-sarezervo samsaxuris moTxovnis SesaZleblobac ar
hqondaT. 2006 wlis samxedro-sarezervo samsaxuris Sesaxeb
27 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos administraciul saqmeTa palatis gadawyvetileba
bs-1599-1575(k-11), 9 Tebervali, 2012.

24

saqarTvelos kanoni iTvaliswinebda saqarTvelos yvela moqalaqis valdebulebas, gaevloT samxedro-sarezervo samsaxuri
da ar uSvebda gamonakliss im pirebisTvis, visac keTilsindisieri winaaRmdegoba hqonda rezervis mimarT.28 sarezervo samsaxurze uaris Tqma, Tundac keTilsindisieri winaaRmdegobis
safuZvelze, administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis
1973 muxlis Tanaxmad (samxedro-sarezervo samsaxurSi gamoucxadebloba samxedro-sarezervo samsaxurisTvis Tavis aridebis
mizniT), samarTaldarRvevas warmoadgenda da 500-lariani
jarimis an administraciuli patimrobis safuZveli SeiZleboda gamxdariyo. es norma rwmenisa da aRmsareblobis TavisuflebasTan Seusabamobis safuZvelze saqarTvelos sakonstitucio
sasamarTlom 2011 wlis 22 dekembers arakonstituciurad
cno.29 am gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdeg miRebuli uzenaesi
sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi adasturebs, rom qvemdgom sasamarTloebs damkvidrebuli hqondaT praqtika, romlis mixedviTac keTilsindisieri winaaRmdegoba ar iTvleboda sarezervo samsaxurisgan gaTavisuflebis samarTlebriv safuZvlad.30

2.3. sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi

konstituciuri SeTanxmebis me-6 muxlis Tanaxmad, eklesiis
mier warmoebuli saRvTismsaxuro produqcia misi damzadeba, Semotana, miwodeba da Semowiruloba, aseve araekonomikuri mizniT arsebuli qoneba da miwa gaTavisuflebulia
gadasaxadebisgan.
amdenad, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis araekonomikuri mizniT
arsebuli qoneba da miwa, Semowiruloba da saRvTismsaxuro
produqciis warmoeba da miwodeba ar SeiZleba daibegros.
religiuri organizaciis, maT Soris dominanturi religi28 saqarTvelos kanoni samxedro-sarezervo samsaxuris Sesaxeb, 2006 wlis 27 dekemberi,
muxli 2, punqti 2.
29 saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba saqmeze `saqarTvelos
saxalxo damcveli saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRmdeg, 1/1/477, 2011 wlis 22 dekemberi.
30 ix. mag. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos administraciul saqmeTa palatis
gadawyvetileba bs-1599-1575(k-11), 9 Tebervali, 2012; saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos
administraciul saqmeTa palatis gadawyvetileba bs-477-471(2k-12), 20 seqtemberi, 2012.

25

uri organizaciis, gadasaxadebisgan gaTavisufleba TavisTavad

ar qmnis problemas sekularobis TvalsazrisiT. kiTxva imaSi
mdgomareobs, sargebloben Tu ara imave sagadasaxado SeRavaTebiT is religiuri organizaciebi, romlebic saqarTveloSi
religiur saqmianobas ewevian.
ganvixiloT saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsis31 Sesabamisi
muxlebi. sagadasaxado kodeqsis me-9 muxli adgens, rom religiuri saqmianoba ar warmoadgens ekonomikur saqmianobas.
amasTan, religiuri organizaciebis sawarmoTa saqmianobac,
rac dakavSirebulia religiuri literaturis an sagnebis warmoebasTan an realizaciasTan, agreTve warmoadgens religiur
saqmianobas.32 es ganmarteba exeba TavisTavad yvela religiur organizacias da ara mxolod marTlmadidebel eklesias.
ramdenadac religiuri organizaciebi ar ewevian ekonomikur
saqmianobas, isini ar warmoadgenen sawarmos sagadasaxado kodeqsis gagebiT.33
aRniSnuli gamijvna religiur da ekonomikur saqmianobas Soris
aTavisuflebs registrirebul religiur organizaciebs mogebis gadasaxadisgan. sagadasaxado kodeqsis 96-e muxlis mixedviT,
mogebis gadasaxadis gadamxdelebi arian mxolod sawarmoebi da
ara organizaciebi. Sesabamisad, religiur organizacias mogebis gadasaxadi ver daekisreba im nawilSi, sadac ekonomikuri
saqmianoba dakavSirebulia religiuri daniSnulebis sagnebisa
da religiuri literaturis warmoebasTan, realizaciasa da
am saqmianobiT miRebuli Semosavlis gamoyenebasTan. rogorc
aRvniSneT, me-11 muxlis Tanaxmad, es yvelaferi religiur da
Sesabamisad, araekonomikur saqmianobad kvalificirdeba sagadasaxado kodeqsis miznebisTvis.
miuxedavad, imisa, rom normis rogorc teqstobrivi, ise miznobrivi analiziT cxadia, rom religiuri organizacia ar aris
sawarmo da ver daibegreba mogebis gadasaxadiT, gaurkvevelia
99-e muxlis Sinaarsi, romelic CamoTvlis, Tu ra Tavisufldeba mogebis gadasaxadisgan. gaTavisuflebulTa Soris moxse31
32
33

26

saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsi, 3591II s, 2010 wlis 17 seqtemberi.

iqve, muxli 11, nawili 2.
iqve, muxli 21.

niebulia saqarTvelos sapatriarqos mier religiuri daniSnulebiT gamoyenebuli jvrebis, sanTlebis, xatebis, wignebisa
da kalendrebis realizaciiT miRebuli mogeba. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom religiuri organizaciis mier religiuri daniSnulebis produqciis realizaciiT miRebuli mogeba isedac
Tavisufldeba me-11 muxlis (religiuri saqmianoba) da 96-e
muxlis safuZvelze, gaurkvevelia, ratom iyo saWiro sapatriarqosTan mimarTebiT amis gameoreba. aman SeiZleba gamoiwvios
bundovaneba da kiTxvebi, Tumca, religiuri organizaciebisa
da sawarmoebis mkacri gamijvnis pirobebSi, erTmniSvnelovania,
rom kodeqsi ar utovebs sagadasaxado organizaciebs sivrces
religiuri saqmianobis dasabegrad.
mogebis gadasaxadisgan gansxvavebuli situaciaa dRg-sTan dakavSirebiT. sagadasaxado kodeqsis 168-e muxlSi pirdapir aris
miTiTebuli, rom CaTvlis uflebis gareSe dRg-isgan gaTavisuflebulia saqarTvelos sapatriarqos mier jvris, sanTlis,
xatis, wignis, kalendrisa da sxva saRvTismsaxuro sagnebis
miwodeba, romlebic gamoiyeneba mxolod religiuri mizniT
(nawili 1, v qvepunqti) da CaTvlis uflebis gareSe dRg-isgan gaTavisuflebulia saqarTvelos sapatriarqos dakveTiT
taZrebisa da eklesiebis mSenebloba, restavracia da moxatva
(nawili 2, b qvepunqti). amdenad, dRg-iT dabegvris nawilSi
aSkaraa preferencirebuli mopyroba sapatriarqos, anu saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mimarT, radgan misi dakveTiT sxva subieqtebis mier ganxorcielebuli operaciac ki
Tavisufldeba dRg-sgan. es TavisTavad mniSvnelovan finansur
upiratesobas aniWebs sapatriarqos yvela sxva religiur organizaciasTan SedarebiT.
qonebis gadasaxadTan dakavSirebiT, saqarTvelos sagadasaxado
kodeqsis 206-e muxli Seicavs daTqmas, rom qonebis gadasaxadisagan gaTavisuflebulia organizaciis qoneba, agreTve, organizaciaze lizingiT gacemuli qoneba, garda miwisa da organizaciis mier ekonomikuri saqmianobisaTvis gamoyenebuli
qonebisa. radgan 30-e muxlis pirveli punqtis a qvepunqtis
Tanaxmad organizacia moicavs religiur organizaciasac, unda
vivaraudoT, rom yvela religiuri organizacia Tavisufldeba
27

qonebis gadasaxadisgan, garda miwisa da lizingiT gacemuli

qonebisa.
rac Seexeba miwis gadasaxads, saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsi ar iTvaliswinebs dabegvris gansxvavebul reJims da
arc aTavisuflebs religiur organizaciebs misgan. dRg-is
SemTxvevisgan gansxvavebiT, sagadasaxado kodeqsi ar Seicavs
gamonakliss saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisTvisac.
Tumca, aq saqmeSi erTveba konstituciuri SeTanxmeba, romelic am sakiTxze calsaxa debulebas Seicavs: eklesiis... miwa
gaTavisuflebulia gadasaxadebisgan. Sesabamisad, marTalia,
sagadasaxado kodeqsi ar aTavisuflebs marTlmadidebel eklesias, magram es uzrunvelyofilia zemdgomi, normatiuli Zalis
mqone aqtiT konstituciuri SeTanxmebiT da miwis gadasaxadTan dakavSirebiTac marTlmadidebeli eklesia sargeblobs
mniSvnelovani finansuri upiratesobiT sxva religiuri organizaciebisgan gansxvavebiT, romlebic miwis gadasaxads ixdian.
konstituciuri SeTanxmebis me-6 muxlSi laparakia agreTve
marTlmadidebeli eklesiisTvis gakeTebuli Semowirulobis gaTavisuflebaze gadasaxadisgan. am nawilSi saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli eklesia da sxva religiuri organizaciebi
Tanaswor mopyrobas eqvemdebarebian, radgan sagadasaxado kodeqsis 99-e muxlis pirveli nawilis b qvepunqtis Tanaxmad,
Semowiruloba (anu usasyidlod miRebuli saqoneli, momsaxureba da fuladi saxsrebi) gaTavisuflebulia mogebis gadasaxadisgan.
amdenad, sagadasaxado kodeqsisa da konstituciuri SeTanxmebis analizis safuZvelze SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom konstituciuri SeTanxmeba oTx sferoSi (Semowirulobebi, miwa,
qoneba, saRvTismsaxuro produqcia) marTlmadidebel eklesias
gadasaxadebisgan aTavisuflebs. aqedan mogebis gadasaxadsa da
SemowirulobebTan dakavSirebiT yvela religiuri organizacia Tanabar mdgomareobaSia saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsis Sesabamisi debulebebis wyalobiT. qonebis gadasaxadisgan
marTlmadidebeli eklesia Tavisufldeba srulad, xolo sxva
religiuri organizaciebi ixdian gadasaxads qonebis mxolod
28

konkretul saxesTan dakavSirebiT (mag. lizingiT gacemuli

qoneba). rac Seexeba miwis gadasaxadsa da saRvTismsaxuro produqciis miwodebis an dakveTis dabegvras dRgiT, am sferoSi
marTlmadidebeli eklesia erTmniSvnelovnad privilegirebulia da sargeblobs finansuri SeRavaTiT, razec ar miuwvdebaT
xeli sxva religiur organizaciebs, rac udavod uTanasworo
mopyrobis magaliTia.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia uTanasworo mopyrobiT sargeblobs agreTve sabaJo kontrolis sferoSi. saqarTvelos sabaJo teritoriaze saqonlis gadaadgilebisa da gaformebis Sesaxeb instruqciis damtkicebis Taobaze saqarTvelos
finansTa ministris brZanebis 90-e muxlis Tanaxmad, oqros siaSi Seyvanis pirobebis dakmayofilebis gareSe, xelisuflebis
umaRles organoebTan erTad oqros siis monawilea saqarTvelos sapatriarqoc (muxli 90, punqti 2, z qvepunqti).34 saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsis Tanaxmad, oqros siis monawiles
saSualeba aqvs saqarTvelos sabaJo teritoriaze saqonlis Semotanis an gatanisas isargeblos gamartivebuli procedurebiT da gadasaxadebi gadaixados gansxvavebul vadebSi.
imavdroulad, religiurma organizaciebma tolerantobisa
da mravalferovnebis instituts (TDI) miawodes informacia
im biurokratiuli sirTuleebis Sesaxeb, rac xvdebaT religiuri literaturisa da religiuri daniSnulebis saqonlis
saqarTveloSi Semotanisas. evangelurprotestantuli eklesiis pastorma Smagi WankvetaZem aRniSna, rom maT didi xnis
ganmavlobaSi ver SeZles saqarTveloSi gamogzavnili wignebis
sawyobebSi ganTavseba im mizeziT, rom sabaJo kontrolis organoebi ver axerxebdnen gamomgzavni piris identifikacias.
agreTve, sistemuri problema aqvs somxur kaTolikur eklesiasac saqarTveloSi. rogorc aRniSnuli eklesiis arqiepiskoposi rafael minasiani aRniSnavs reintegraciis sakiTxebSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ministrTan gagzavnil werilSi: somxuri
kaTolikuri eklesia yovel wels awydeba erTsa da imave problemas. saqme is aris, rom Cveni saeklesio kalendrebi ibeWdeba
34 saqarTvelos finansTa ministris brZaneba 290 saqarTvelos sabaJo teritoriaze
saqonlis gadaadgilebisa da gaformebis Sesaxeb instruqciis damtkicebis Taobaze, 2012
wlis 26 ivlisi.

29

somxeTSi da gviCndeba problema kalendrebis saqarTveloSi

Semotanis dros. sazRvarze ar atareben araviTar literaturas arc kalendrebs, arc wignebs, albaT, imis SiSiT, rom aris
separatistuli literatura...35 am biurokratiuli sirTuleebisgan saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia dazRveulia
ara mxolod Sesabamisi sajaro moxeleebis keTilganwyobis
gamo am eklesiis mimarT, aramed normatiulad ganmtkicebuli
statusis wyalobiTac is oqros siis monawilea da samarTlebrivad miuwvdeba xeli gamartivebul procedurebze.

2.4. sabWoTa kavSiris dros miyenebuli zianis anazRaureba

da sakulto nagebobebis dabruneba
konstituciuri SeTanxmebis me-11 muxlis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelom aRiara XIX-XX saukuneebSi eklesiisaTvis materialuri da
moraluri zianis miyenebis faqti da materialuri zianis nawilobrivi kompensaciis valdebuleba ikisra. konstituciuri
SeTanxmebis dadebis Semdeg, 2002 wlidan, saxelmwifo yovelwliurad afinansebs saqarTvelos sapatriarqos. arasamTavrobo organizaciis saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba saqarTvelos
kvlevis Tanaxmad, 2002-2013 wlebSi finansTa saministros mier
saqarTvelos sapatriarqosaTvis gamoyofilma pirdapirma dafinansebam 160 672 200 lari Seadgina.36 amasTan, saxelmwifo
biujetSi sapatriarqosTvis gamoyofili daxmarebis odenoba,
ZiriTadad, zrdis tendenciiT xasiaTdeba (2011-2012 wlebis
gamonaklisis garda). damatebiT, tolerantobisa da mravalferovnebis institutis kvlevam cxadyo, rom saqarTveloSi
arsebuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiebi yovelwliurad da
sakmaod mniSvnelovani odenobis TanxiT finansdebian agreTve
municipaluri biujetebidanac.37 aRniSnuli Tanxis miznobriobasTan dakavSirebiT raime samarTlebrivi wyaro ar ar35 aRmosavleT evropis somex kaTolikeTa ordinari, arqiepiskopos rafael minasianis
werili saqarTvelos reintegraciis sakiTxebSi saxelmwifo ministrs paata zaqareiSvils,
r. 03.13, 24.12.2013.
36 saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba saqarTvelo, mokle mimoxilva saqarTvelos
sapatriarqos dafinansebis Sesaxeb, 4 ivlisi, 2013.
37 tolerantobisa
da
mravalferovnebis
instituti,
saxelmwifo
dafinanseba
marTlmadidebluri rwmenis ganmtkicebisTvis, 18 Tebervali, 2014.

30

sebobs. arsad aRiniSneba, es Tanxa konstituciuri SeTanxmebiT

nakisri zianis anazRaurebis valdebulebis Sesrulebis saxiT
ericxeba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesias Tu misi anazRaurebis valdebulebis Sesruleba gadaido da mTeli es wlebi
gaurkveveli daniSnulebisTvis xarjavs saxelmwifo sabiujeto
Tanxis mniSvnelovan odenobas.
rac Seexeba sabWoTa kavSiris dros miyenebuli zianis meore
nawils, CamorTmeuli eklesiebis, miwebisa da moZravi qonebis
saxiT, amasTan dakavSirebiTac konstituciuri SeTanxmeba mniSvnelovan garantias Seicavs: saxelmwifo eklesiis sakuTrebad
cnobs saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze arsebul marTlmadideblur taZrebs, monastrebs (moqmeds da aramoqmeds), maT nangrevebs, agreTve, miwis nakveTebs, romlebzec isinia ganlagebuli.
Tumca, konstituciuri SeTanxmebis miRebamde gacilebiT adre,
1990 wlis 12 aprils, saqarTvelos sabWoTa socialisturi respublikis ministrTa sabWom miiRo dadgenileba N183, romlis
me3 punqtis Tanaxmadac, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos yvela
sakulto nageboba, uZrav-moZrav qonebasTan erTad, qarTuli
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakuTrebad gamocxadda.38
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia aqtiurad iyenebs
orive aqts rogorc misTvis CamorTmeuli sakulto nagebobebisa da maTTan dakavSirebuli qonebis dasabruneblad, ise sxva
religiuri organizaciebis sakulto nagebobebze sakuTrebis
uflebis registrirebisTvis, rogorc es Semdeg TavSi iqneba
naCvenebi.
ilustrirebisTvis SegviZlia ganvixiloT anCisxatis eklesiis ezoSi arsebul SenobasTan dakavSirebuli dava. TbilisSi
arsebul anCisxatis eklesiaSi 1988 wlidan ganaxlda RvTismsaxureba, magram eklesiis ezo (miwa) da ezoSi mdebare saxli
rCeboda istoriisa da kulturis ZeglTa dacvis sazogadoebis
balansze 1981 wlis Tbilisis saxalxo deputatTa saqalaqo
38 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos administraciuli da sxva kategoriis saqmeTa
palata, gadawyvetileba no. bs-470-408-k-04, 10 noemberi, 2004.

31

sabWos aRmasrulebeli komitetis gadawyvetilebiT. 1990 wels

ssr ministrTa sabWos N183 dadgenilebiT yvela marTlmadidebeli eklesia da maTi uZrav-moZravi qoneba sapatriarqos sakuTrebad gamocxadda. 2001 wels ki sazogadoebis samarTalmemkvidre fondma Senoba Tavis sakuTrebad daaregistrira. sapatriarqo moiTxovda miwis nakveTsa da Senoba-nagebobaze
fondis sakuTrebis baTilad cnobas, radgan amtkicebda, rom
sakuTrebis aRiareba kanonis darRveviT moxda. kerZod, fonds
ar gaaCnda miwaTsargeblobis damadasturebeli sabuTi, rac
aucilebeli iyo sakuTrebis uflebis registraciisTvis. meore
mxriv, fondi miuTiTebda, rom sadavo Senoba-nageboba ar warmoadgenda sakulto nagebobas da ar unda mikuTvneboda N183
dadgenilebis safuZvelze sapatriarqos.
miuxedavad imisa, rom Senoba 1981 wlidan kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis sazogadoebis balansze iyo, rogorc saapelacio, ise
sakasacio sasamarTlom39 motivacia daafuZnes ssr ministrTa
sabWos 1986 wlis 14 noembris dadgenilebaze, romlis Tanaxmadac sadavo nageboba saepiskoposo saxli anCisxatis ganuyofel
nawils warmoadgenda. argumentad moyvanil iqna isic, rom 1981
wels arsebuli kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, Senobis gadacema
balansze masze sakuTrebis uflebis warmoSobis safuZvels ar
warmoadgenda. Sesabamisad, fondis sakuTrebis registracia
gauqmda da sapatriarqos moTxovna dakmayofilda.
aRniSnuli saqme cxadyofs, ramdenad privilegirebulia sapatriarqo Tavisi sakuTrebis uflebis aRdgenis TvalsazrisiT,
ara mxolod uSualod sakulto nagebobebze, aramed mimdebare
Senobebzec, Tu raimenairad dadgindeba am Senobebis kavSiri
sakulto nagebobasTan, Tundac es ukanaskneli sxva organizaciis sakuTreba iyos. rogorc Semdgom TavSi vnaxavT, sxva religiuri organizaciebis mier sakulto nagebobaze mesakuTreobis
aRsadgenad istoriuli warmoSobis mtkiceba ar aris sakmarisi.
gansakuTrebiT rTuldeba saqme, Tu sadavo nageboba ukve sapatriarqos sakuTrebad aris registrirebuli, rogorc es Cans
kaTolikeebis eklesiis saqmeSi.
39

32

iqve.

2.5. marTlmadidebeli eklesiis privilegiebi

sajaro ganaTlebis sferoSi
konstituciuri SeTanxmebis me-5 muxlis safuZvelze marTlmadidebelma eklesiam mniSvnelovani privilegiebi miiRo sajaro ganaTlebis sferoSi: marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoebis
nebayoflobiTi swavleba saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi,
eklesiis saswavlo dawesebulebebis ganaTlebis damadasturebeli dokumentebis, samecniero xarisxebisa da wodebebis aRiareba, erToblivi programebis ganxorcieleba da eklesiis
saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis xelSewyoba.
aRniSnuli garantiebi asaxulia zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonSi40 da umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb
saqarTvelos kanonSi41. zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanoni
aRiarebs rwmenis Tavisuflebas, magram, imavdroulad, me-18
muxlis me-4 punqti uSvebs sajaro skolis moswavleebis mier
saskolo droisgan Tavisufal dros religiis nebayoflobiT
Seswavlas an religiuri ritualis Catarebas. me-18 muxlSi
aSkarad igulisxmeba daSveba, rom religiuri rituali an
religiis Seswavla moxdeba isev skolis teritoriaze, sxvagvarad am daTqmas azri ar eqneboda, radgan skolis gareT skolis moswavleebs isedac aqvT ufleba, monawileoba miiRon
maTTvis sasurvel religiur msaxurebaSi. es debuleba konstituciuri SeTanxmebiT nakisri valdebulebis SesrulebisTvis qmnis sivrces da sajaro skolaSi marTlmadidebluri
religiis swavlebis saSualebas iZleva. marTalia, marTlmadidebeli eklesia arsad aris dakonkretebuli, magram maswavlebelTa da moswavleTa umravlesobis aRmsareblobis gaTvaliswinebiT TavisTavad cxadia, rom nebayoflobiT mxolod
am religiis Seswavla moxdeba.
meSvide dRis qristian-adventistTa eklesiis warmomadgenlebma interviuSi aRniSnes, rom marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis
swavleba oficialurad nebayoflobiTia, magram cxrilSi es gakveTilebi sxva gakveTilebs Soris aris moqceuli da sxva aRm40
41

saqarTvelos kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, 1330-Is, 2005 wlis 8 aprili.

saqarTvelos kanoni `umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, 688-rs, 2004 wlis 21 dekemberi.

33

sareblobis moswavleebic iZulebulni xdebian, daeswron am

gakveTilebs. sxva aRmsareblobis moswavlis daswreba marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis swavlebaze iwvevs imas, rom erTi
mxriv, es swavleba aRar gamodis nebayoflobiTi, meore mxriv
ki es moswavleebi, bunebrivia, ver erTvebian religiur aqtivobebSi da Sesabamisad, xdeba maTi segregacia danarCeni
klasisgan.
tolerantobisa da mravalferovnebis institutma (TDI) saqarTvelos 74 sajaro skolas mimarTa religiis swavlebis modelis gasarkvevad; skolebs vTxoveT agreTve religiis gakveTilebis cxrilis warmodgenac. miRebuli pasuxebis umravlesoba uaryofda skolaSi nebayoflobiT religiis Seswavlas,
Sesabamisad, ver moxerxda saswavlo cxrilis miReba, romelic daadasturebda an uaryofda religiis swavlebis Sesaxeb
informacias. Tumca, gamokiTxuli sajaro skolebis nawilma
aRiara, rom skolaSi ganTavsebulia religiuri simboloebi an samlocveloebi, miuxedavad imisa, rom araakademiuri
miznebisTvis religiuri simboloebis ganTavseba akrZalulia zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanonis me-18 muxlis me-3
punqtiT. skolis direqtorebis mtkicebiT, es xdeba moswavleTa da mSobelTa surviliT. nebismier SemTxvevaSi, gamofenili religiuri simboloebi aris mxolod marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis religiuri simboloebi, xatebi da samlocveloebi,
anu kanoni eqskluziurad erTi religiis waxalisebisTvis irRveva, rac ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros reagirebis gareSe rCeba.
marTlmadidebeli eklesia calsaxa upiratesobiT sargeblobs umaRlesi ganaTlebis sferoSic. umaRlesi ganaTlebis
Sesaxeb kanonis me-9 muxlis me-3 punqtis Tanaxmad, marTlmadidebluri saRvTismetyvelo umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo
dawesebuleba SeiZleba arsebobdes saqarTvelos sapatriarqos struqturuli erTeulis an calke kerZo samarTlis
iuridiuli piris saxiT. damatebiT, kanonis 311 muxlis Tanaxmad, marTlmadideblur saRvTismetyvelo umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas afuZnebs, mis wesdebas amtkicebs
da kanoniT gaTvaliswinebulisagan gansxvavebul struqtura34

sa da marTvis organoebs gansazRvravs, agreTve, akademiuri

xarisxis miniWebis wess adgens sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi. marTlmadidebluri saRvTismetyvelo saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis Semdgomi privilegirebisTvis 894 muxlis Tanaxmad, es dawesebulebebi 2015 wlis 1-el
ianvramde iTvlebian avtorizebulad da mxolod amis Semdeg
moeTxovebaT avtorizaciis gavla saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT, rac rTuli procesia da qveyanaSi arsebuli yvela sxva sajaro da kerZo saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebisTvis savaldebuloa.
kanonis doneze ganmtkicebul privilegiebsa da uTanasworo
mopyrobas emateba sajaro skolebis maswavlebelTa damokidebulebac,42 romelic orientirebulia marTlmadidebluri
sarwmunoebis prozelitizmisken, miuxedavad imisa, rom es
akrZalulia zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis me-18 muxliT. religiuri umciresobebis iehovas mowmeTa
qristianuli organizaciis, meSvide dRis qristian-adventistTa eklesiis, laTin kaTolikeTa eklesiis, qarTvel muslimTa
kavSiris warmomadgenlebi interviuebSi miuTiTebdnen maswavlebelTa mier gakveTilebze agresiuli prozelitizmis,
gansxvavebuli sarwmunoebis moswavleebis gakicxvisa da maTze
zewolis faqtebze.
am mxriv gansakuTrebiT mZime darRvevas hqonda adgili simon
sxirtlaZis saxelobis onis sajaro skolaSi, sadac biologiis maswavlebelma mSobelTan SeuTanxmeblad da arasrulwlovanze xangrZlivi zemoqmedebis Semdeg 13 wlis n. g. monaTla
marTlmadidebluri wesiT, miuxedavad imisa, rom moswavlis
ojaxis wevrebis iehovas mowme qristianebi iyvnen da cnobili iyo, rom ojaxi marTlmadidebluri naTlobis winaaRmdegi iqneboda. am faqtma arasrulwlovans mZime fsiqologiuri
stresi miayena, TumcaRa, skolis maswavlebels pasuxismgebloba daekisra mxolod skolis Sinaganawesis darRvevisTvis
skolidan moswavlis TviTneburi gaTavisuflebisTvis; direqtoris gadawyvetilebiT religiuri niSniT diskriminaci42 ix. adamianis uflebebis swavlebisa da monitoringis centris kvleva religia sajaro
skolebSi, 2014, gv. 11

35

isa da indoqtrinaciis gamo maswavlebels raime pasuxismgebloba ar dakisrebia.43

saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros
debulebis Tanaxmad, Sida auditis departamentis uSualo pasuxismgeblobaa saministros struqturuli qvedanayofebis,
maT Soris sajaro skolebis saqmianobis saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobasTan Sesabamisobis Sefaseba/monitoringi.44 rodesac
zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoni ase aSkarad
irRveva, mxolod formaluri axsna-ganmartebiT Semofargvla
da samarTaldarRvevis Sinaganawesis darRvevad dakvalificireba erTmniSvnelovnad niSnavs, rom Sida auditis departamenti Tavis movaleobas ar asrulebs.
aRniSnuli SemTxveva miuTiTebs, rom Sida auditis departamenti ar asrulebs misi mandatiT gaTvaliswinebul uflebamosilebebs da ar uzrunvelyofs moswavleebis kanoniT garantirebul uflebas, daculni iyvnen indoqtrinaciisa da prozelitizmisgan.

2.6. saxelmwifo qonebis privatizacia

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis kidev erTi sivrce, sadac saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia sargeblobs calsaxa upiratesobiT sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris formiT registrirebul sxva religiur organizaciebTan SedarebiT, aris
saxelmwifo qonebis privatizacia. saxelmwifo qonebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifo qonebis SemZeni
SeiZleba iyos fizikuri piri an kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli
piri da saqarTvelos mTavrobis gadawyvetilebiT pirdapiri
miyidvisas aseve saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefaluri
43 saqarTvelos ganaTlebis da mecnierebis saministros Sida auditis departamentis
ufrosis movaleobis Semsruleblis, giorgi qoCiSvilis werili saqarTvelos saxalxo
damcvelis aparatis marTlmsajulebis departamentis ufross, irakli mJavanaZes, no. 07
219/26267, 24/07/2012.
44 saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenileba no. 37 saqarTvelos ganaTlebis da mecnierebis
saministros debulebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb, 2004 wlis 21 maisi, muxli 41, punqti 3,
qvepunqti g.

36

marTlmadidebeli eklesia.45 aRniSnuli praqtikulad niSnavs

imas, rom sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris formiT registrirebul arc erT sxva religiur organizacias ar SeuZlia
pirdapiri miyidvis wesiT saxelmwifo qonebis SemZeni iyos,
garda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa, romlisTvisac specialuri gamonaklisia daSvebuli. damatebiTi garantiis
saxiT amave muxlSi xazgasmulia, rom marTlmadidebel eklesias aqvs ufleba, usasyidlod moaxdinos saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli sasoflo-sameurneo miwis privatizeba.46 igive
garantia gvxvdeba kanonis me-11 muxlSic, romelic damatebiT
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakuTrebad acxadebs
mis sargeblobaSi arsebul sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis
miwas.
tolerantobisa da mravalferovnebis institutis (TDI) mier
qonebis marTvis erovnuli saagentodan gamoTxovili informacia cxadyofs, ra aqtiurad iyeneben zemoaRniSnul sakanonmdeblo privilegiebs saxelmwifo qonebis praqtikulad usasyidlod, erT larad marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakuTrebaSi
gadasacemad.
mowodebuli informacia adasturebs, rom 2011 wels prezidentma gamosca 6 gankarguleba marTlmadidebeli eklesiisTvis
pirdapiri miyidvis wesiT qonebis gadacemis Sesaxeb da sul
mas gadaeca daaxloebiT 12 ha (120 511, 5 kvm) saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli miwa, maTze arsebuli Senoba-nagebobebis
farTis gareSe; 2012 wels gamoica kidev 15 msgavsi Sinaarsis
gankarguleba da sapatriarqos sakuTrebaSi gadaeca daaxloebiT 29 ha miwa (299553,8 kvm), isev maTze ganlagebuli Senoba
nagebobebis farTis gareSe; 2013 wels gamoica mxolod 3 gankarguleba da sapatriarqom sakuTrebaSi miiRo daaxloebiT 0.6
ha (6207 kvm) miwa saqarTvelos sxvadasxva raionSi, xolo 2014
wels am gankargulebebis odenoba isev gaizarda gamoica 8
gankarguleba da manqanebTan, avtobusebTan, Senoba-nagebobebsa
da sxva inventarTan erTad sapatriarqom miiRo sakuTrebaSi
daaxloebiT 12 ha (120 633 kvm) miwa.
45
saqarTvelos kanoni saxelmwifo qonebis Sesaxeb, 3512rs, 2010 wlis 21 ivlisi,
muxli 2, punqti 1.
46 iqve, muxlis 2, punqti 2.

37

maSin, rodesac yovelwliurad saqarTvelos yvela regionSi

yovelgvari dasabuTebis, saprivatizacio pirobebis dadgenisa
da sasyidlis gareSe sapatriarqos didi Rirebulebis saxelmwifo qoneba gadaecema, sxva religiuri organizaciebi ver
axerxeben saxelmwifosgan sakuTrebaSi miiRon miwis mcire nakveTebi maTze ganlagebuli SenobebiT, romlebic wlebis ganmavlobaSi am religiuri organizaciebis sargeblobaSia da
maTi sakulto nagebobebis funqcias asrulebs.
magaliTad, evangelur-protestantulma eklesiam mimarTa
ekonomikisa da ganviTarebis saagentos mis sargeblobaSi arsebuli miwis nakveTisa da masze ganTavsebuli saxelmwifo
sakuTrebaSi arsebuli Senobis privatizebis TxovniT, razec
2014 wlis ianvarSi ssip saxelmwifo qonebis erovnuli saagentosgan uari miiRo. uaris safuZvels warmoadgenda zemoxsenebuli saxelmwifo qonebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis me-3
muxlis pirveli punqti, romlis Tanaxmadac, sajaro samarTlis
iuridiul pirs pirdapiri miyidvis wesiT saxelmwifo qoneba
ver gadaecema. saxelmwifo qonebis erovnulma saagentom mniSvnelovnad ar CaTvala is, rom saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis
Tanaxmad, sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris formiT registrirebul religiur organizaciebze sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoni ar vrceldeba da
Tavisi arsiTa da samarTlebrivi reJimis TvalsazrisiT aseTi
religiuri organizaciebi kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirTan
gaTanabrebuli pirebi arian.
saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli 576 kvm miwis nakveTis
privatizeba surs saqarTvelos saxarebis rwmenis eklesiasac quTaisSi, radgan is am nakveTiT 1998 wlidan sargeblobs
da aqve atarebs RvTismsaxurebas. maTac mimarTes privatizebis TxovniT ekonomikisa da ganviTarebis saministros, Tumca,
maRali albaTobiT maTi samarTlebrivi statusis gamo isinic
ver SeZleben am qonebis sakuTrebad registrirebas.

38

3. sabWoTa kavSiris memkvidreoba religiur

organizaciebTan dakavSirebiT
3.1. sabWoTa kavSiris dros miyenebuli zianis anazRaureba
saqarTvelos mTavrobam 2014 wlis 27 ianvris dadgenilebis Tanaxmad, miiRo gadawyvetileba, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis sapatriarqos garda, damatebiT oTxi religiuri jgufisTvis aenazRaurebina sabWoTa periodSi miyenebuli materialuri da moraluri ziani. ziani nawilobriv aunazRaurdebaT
2014 wlis 27 ianvramde sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris
samarTlebrivi formiT registrirebul islamuri, iudeuri,
romaul-kaTolikuri da somxuri samociqulo aRmsareblobis
mqone religiur gaerTianebebs. Tumca, gaurkvevelia, ra kriteriumis gamoyenebiT an ra istoriul monacemebze dayrdnobiT SeirCa mxolod es oTxi konfesia maSin, roca sabWoTa kavSirSi analogiurad idevnebodnen sxva religiuri jgufebic
(iezidebi, luTerelebi, kriSnaitebi da sxv.). dazaralebulTagan mxolod oTxi konfesiis SerCeva diskriminaciuli mopyrobis kidev erTi magaliTia.
sazogadod, samarTlebrivad zianis anazRaureba emsaxureba konkretuli pirisTvis samarTlebrivad daculi interesis Selaxvis gamosworebas. amisTvis, saWiroa ganisazRvros
konkretuli istoriuli movleniT an movlenebiT dazaralebuli piri an pirebi, qmedebebi, romlebmac uSualod gamoiwvies ziani da bolos, dadgindes zianis odenoba. mTavrobis
gansaxilveli dadgenileba arc erT am elements ar Seicavs.
mTavroba ar dainteresebula imis garkveviT, kerZod, romel religiur gaerTianebebs miadgaT ziani sabWoTa reJimis
dros da TviTneburad SearCia oTxi religiuri aRmsarebloba
anu dazaralebul pirTa wre ganisazRvra istoriuli kriteriumebis gverdis avliT. aseve, ganmartebidan gamomdinare,
gaurkvevelia gamowveuli zianis odenobac: ucnobia... zianis
zusti odenoba da amdenad, zianis anazRaureba ganxorcieldeba
simbolurad saxelmwifo biujetidan Tanxis yovelwliurad
gamoyofis gziT. amasTan, Tu erTi religiuri aRmsarebloba
warmodgenilia ramdenime sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris
39

mier, maT moeTxovebaT erT iuridiul pirad gaerTianeba, sakoordinacio sabWos Seqmna, an erT-erTi gaerTianebis sasargeblod anazRaurebis uflebis daTmoba, imisTvis, rom religiur
gaerTianebaze Tanxis gacema moxdes.
yovelive
zemoaRniSnulis
gaTvaliswinebiT,
SeiZleba
davaskvnaT, rom adgili aqvs ara sabWoTa kavSiris mier miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebas, aramed gaurkveveli da gaumWvirvale procesis Sedegad SerCeuli religiuri gaerTianebebis
dafinansebis gegmas, rac, erTi mxriv, SeiZleba ganpirobebuli
iyos uSualod am religiuri gaerTianebebis dafinansebis motiviT, meore mxriv ki, miznad isaxavdes saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTvis wlebis ganmavlobaSi miniWebuli sabiujeto saxsrebis Semdgom legitimacias imis warmoCinebiT, rom saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis garda sxva religiuri gaerTianebebic sargebloben sajaro resursebiT. Sesabamisad, SeiZleba
davaskvnaT, rom maRali albaTobiT zianis anazRaurebis dadgenileba mimarTulia ara uTanasworo mopyrobis aRmofxvrisken,
aramed arsebuli uTanasworo mopyrobis SenarCunebisken da,
imavdroulad, qmnis uTanasworobis axal talRas CamoTvlil
oTx aRmsareblobasa da sabWoTa kavSiris dros dazaralebul
sxva religiur gaerTianebebs Soris, romlebic amis miuxedavad
daxmarebas ver miiReben.
2014 wlis 13 marts saqarTvelos mTavrobam miiRo N437 gankarguleba saqarTveloSi arsebuli religiuri gaerTianebebisTvis sabWoTa totalitaruli reJimis dros miyenebuli
zianis nawilobriv anazRaurebasTan dakavSirebuli zogierTi
RonisZiebis Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli gankargulebis mixedviT, anazRaurebis mizniT 2014 wels saqarTvelos mTavrobis sarezervo
fondidan gamosayofi Tanxa ganisazRvra 3 500 000 (sami milion
xuTasi aTasi) laris odenobiT. aRniSnuli Tanxis ganawilebis
pirobebis gansazRvra, iseve rogorc anazRaureba, daevala ssip
religiis sakiTxTa saxelmwifo saagentos. am mimarTulebiT
sxva nabijebi jerjerobiT ar gadadgmula.

40

3.2. sabWoTa kavSiris dros CamorTmeuli qonebis restitucia

20 welze metia, rac religiuri gaerTianebebi, somexTa samociqulo eklesiis eparqia saqarTveloSi, kaTolike eklesia, evangelur-luTeruli eklesia, muslimTa Temi da iudauri Temis
warmomadgenlebi sabWoTa reJimis dros CamorTmeuli qonebis
restitucias sxvadasxva mizezis gamo ver axerxeben.
sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg, sapatriarqom sargeblobisa
da sakuTrebis uflebiT marTlmadidebluri taZrebi daibruna, Tumca sapatriarqosTvis gadacemul qristianul sakulto
nagebobebs Soris, marTlmadideblurTan erTad, is eklesiebic
aRmoCnda, romlebic istoriulad sxva religiur gaerTianebebs ekuTvnoda. amasTanave, daubrunebeli darCa sabWoTa periodSi CamorTmeuli is religiuri daniSnulebis nagebobebi,
romlebic sapatriarqos interess ar warmoadgenda, saxelmwifo an kerZo mflobelobaSi iricxeboda da sazogadoebrivi
daniSnulebiT funqcionirebda (mag. Teatri, sportuli darbazi, biblioTeka da a.S.).
amJamad, somexTa samociqulo marTlmadidebeli eklesia
saxelmwifosgan eqvsi taZris dabrunebas iTxovs. maTgan xuTi
TbilisSi da erTi axalcixis municipalitetSi mdebareobs.
restituciis gaWianurebis gamo, somxuri taZrebi, romlebic
saqarTvelos kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglebs warmoadgens,
droTa ganmavlobaSi, mniSvnelovnad ziandeba an/da ingreva.
zog SemTxvevaSi ki, maTi iersaxe mizanmimarTulad icvleba da
maxinjdeba. kaTolike eklesia ver ibrunebs quTaisis, goris,
baTumis, ivlitasa (axalcixis municipaliteti) da udes (adigenis municipaliteti) eklesiebs. evangelur-luTeruli eklesia
iTxovs sofel asureTis moqmedi sakulto nagebobisa da bolnisSi eklesiis Senobis dabrunebas, romelSic amJamad sportuli darbazia ganTavsebuli.
religiuri umciresobebisTvis aRniSnuli sakulto nagebobebis restituciis problema mougvarebelia, radgan maTze
sakuTrebis pretenzias saqarTvelos sapatriarqo acxadebs, an

41

saxelmwifom es taZrebi marTlmadidebel eklesias sakuTrebis

uflebiT ukve gadasca.
saqarTveloSi ufunqcio meCeTebisa da sinagogebis sakuTrebis
uflebiT dabrunebis sakiTxi problemuria muslimuri da iudauri TemebisTvisac.
religiurma umciresobebma istoriuli samarTlianobis aRdgenisa da Senobebis kanonieri mesakuTrisTvis dabrunebis
mizniT sasamarTlos or SemTxvevaSi mimarTes. qvemoT, aRniSnul saqmeebze sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis analizia warmodgenili.

42

3.2.1. sinagogis saqme

religiuri organizaciebisTvis sabWoTa kavSiris dros CamorTmeuli qonebis dabrunebis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba ebraelTa
sinagogis saqmeze, romelic 2001 wlis 10 aprils iqna miRebuli.47
saqme exeboda TbilisSi arsebul Senobas, romelic Tbilisis
ebraelTa religiuri sazogadoebis mtkicebiT warmoadgenda
ebraelTa Temis samlocvelos da romelic maT CamoarTves gasuli saukunis 30-ian wlebSi. saqarTvelos premier-ministris
1994 wlis gankargulebis Tanaxmad, adgilobriv organoebs unda
uzrunveleyoT sxva kulturul-istoriul obieqtebTan erTad,
ebraelTa salocavebis dabruneba kanonieri mflobelebisTvis. Sesabamisad, qalaq Tbilisis municipalitetis kabinetis
1995 wlis 22 ivnisis dadgenilebiT, TbilisSi, aTonelis q.
10-Si mdebare Senoba sakuTrebis uflebiT gadaeca ebraelTa
religiur sazogadoebas. Tumca, 1988 wlidan Senoba flobisa da sargeblobis uflebiT gadacemuli hqonda saxelmwifos
axalgazrdul dramatul Teatr-studia m.T.-s, romelmac, Tavis mxriv, saijaro xelSekrulebis safuZvelze Senoba gadasca
j.b.-is saxelobis Tbilisis ... instituts. Teatr-studiam da
institutma jer saarbitraJo, xolo am ukanasknelis gauqmebis Semdeg, saerTo sasamarTloebSi daiwyes dava ebraelTa
religiuri sazogadoebisTvis Senobis gadacemis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis baTilad cnobis moTxovniT. sapasuxo moTxovnis saxiT,
ebraelTa religiuri sazogadoeba moiTxovda maT gamosaxlebas sadavo Senobidan. m. T. da j.b.-is saxelobis Tbilisis ...
institutis erT-erTi argumenti, ris gamoc unda gauqmebuliyo q. Tbilisis municipalitetis kabinetis 1995 wlis 22 ivnisis
dadgenileba, imaSi mdgomareobda, rom sadavo Senoba ar warmoadgenda ebraelTa sakulto nagebobas, xolo ebraelTa religiuri sazogadoeba ar warmoadgenda samarTalsubieqts da
47 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos administraciuli da sxva kategoriis saqmeTa
palatis gadawyvetileba no. 3b/ad132, 10 aprili, 2001.

43

Sesabamisad, misTvis Senobis gadacemas ar hqonda raime samarTlebrivi safuZveli.

saqarTvelos uzenaesma sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom sadavo Senobis sakulto xasiaTi ar warmoadgenda davis sagans, magram am
sakiTxis garkveva mniSvnelovani iyo imis dasadgenad, hqonda Tu
ara faqtobrivi safuZveli ebraelTa religiur sazogadoebas
sadavo Senobis dabrunebis moTxovnisTvis. sasamarTlom Seafasa istoriuli mtkicebulebebi Senobis warmoSobis Taobaze da
miiCnia, rom sadavo Senobis dabrunebis moTxovnas faqtobrivi
safuZveli hqonda da Sesabamisad, ZalaSi datova municipalitetis kabinetis dadgenilebis is nawili, romelic exeboda sadavo Senobis yofili samlocvelo darbazis gadacemas ebraelTa
religiuri sazogadoebisTvis, xolo dadgenilebis is nawili,
romelic exeboda Senobis sxva nawilis gadacemas, baTilad cno.
qvemoT ganxiluli kaTolikuri eklesiis saqmeze gadawyvetilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa
uzenaesi sasamarTlos msjeloba imis Taobaze, iyo Tu ara
qarTvel ebraelTa kavSiri procesSi monawileobis uflebis
mqone piri, miuxedavad imisa, rom is ar warmoadgenda iuridiul pirs: marTalia, kanoniT dRemde ar aris gansazRvruli
religiur organizaciaTa samarTlebrivi statusi, magram es
ar niSnavs imas, rom is gamocxadebulia kanongareSed da rom
aseT organizaciebs (morwmune pirebis gaerTianebebs) ara aqvT
TavianTi konstituciuri uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis garantiebi... sadavo dadgenilebiT... Tbilisis morwmune qarTvel
ebraelTa sazogadoebas warmoeSva uflebebi da movaleobebi,
romelic mas saproceso uflebaunarianobiT aRWuravs. [maTi]
monawileoba ganpirobebuli iyo ara maTi damoukidebeli
sarCeliT, aramed maTi konstituciuri uflebebis dacviT.48
ebraelTa religiuri sazogadoebis moTxovna nawilobriv dakmayofilda da mas daudginda sakuTrebis ufleba sadavo Senobis im nawilze, sadac sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom dadasturda
sakulto nagebobis arseboba (wilobrivi TanasakuTreba).
amdenad, am saqmeSi religiurma organizaciam sakuTrebis aRdgena moaxerxa, miuxedavad imisa, rom samarTlebrivad ar war48

44

iqve.

moadgenda religiur organizacias da amisTvis gadamwyveti iyo

Senobis warmomavlobis istoriuli mtkicebulebebi da ebraelTa religiuri sazogadoebisTvis Senobis dabrunebis Sesaxeb
municipalitetis kabinetis gadawyvetileba. rogorc vnaxavT,
kaTolikeTa eklesiis mier quTaisSi eklesiis dabrunebis mcdelobisas sasamarTlom gansxvavebuli, bevrad formalisturi
midgoma airCia.

3.2.2. laTin kaTolikeTa eklesiis saqme

laTin kaTolikeTa eklesia erT-erTia saqarTveloSi maT
Soris, vinc ver axerxebs sabWoTa kavSiris dros CamorTmeuli taZrebis dabrunebas. quTaisSi kaTolikuri eklesiis
dabrunebisTvis gamarTuli samarTalwarmoeba naTels fens
samarTlebrivi problemebis mTel rigs, rasac awydeba religiuri umciresoba Tavisi sakuTrebis aRdgenis gzaze, gansakuTrebiT, rodesac marTlmadidebeli eklesia sadavo qonebas eufleba da masze pretenzia uCndeba.
2000 wels dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTolikurma mrevlma
sabWoTa kavSiris dros quTaisSi CamorTmeuli eklesiis dasabruneblad daafuZna kavSiri savardi.
2001 wlis 21 dekembers kavSirma savardi saqarTvelos
prezidentis mier administraciuli aqtis gamocemis moTxovniT Tbilisis saolqo sasamarTlos sarCeliT mimarTa. sasamarTlom sarCeli ar daakmayofila da ganmarta, rom sadavo nageboba 1990 wlidan marTlmadidebel eklesias gadaeca,
xolo 2002 wlis konstituciuri SeTanxmebis me-7 muxlis pirveli punqtis mixedviT, sapatriarqos sakuTrebas warmoadgens. damatebiT, sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom kavSiri savardi
ar warmoadgenda kaTolike eklesiis samarTalmemkvidres.
kavSirma savardi saolqo sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba sakasacio wesiT gaasaCivra. saqarTvelos uzenaesma sasamarTlom
imsjela Semdeg samarTlebriv sakiTxebze:
45

2000 wels dafuZnebuli kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli

piri kavSiri savardi warmoadgenda Tu ara XIX-XX
saukuneebSi saqarTveloSi moRvawe romis kaTolike
eklesiis religiuri sazogadoebis samarTalmemkvidres.

1939 wels qarTvel kaTolike morwmuneTa

sazogadoebisTvis CamorTmeuli taZari warmoadgenda
Tu ara saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefaluri
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis qonebas saqmis ganxilvis
momentisTvis.

arsebobda Tu ara samarTlebrivi safuZveli, raTa

prezidents Tavisi aqtiT gadaeca sadavo eklesia
savardisTvis, rodesac eklesia 2003 wlis 6
martidan registrirebuli iyo sajaro
reestrSi saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefaluri
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saxelze.
sasamarTlom samive kiTxvaze uaryofiTi pasuxi gasca. uzenaesma sasamarTlom CaTvala, rom kavSiri savardi ar iyo XIX-XX
saukuneebSi saqarTveloSi romis kaTolike eklesiis religiuri sazogadoebis samarTalmemkvidre, radgan es ar dasturdeboda misi sadamfuZneblo dokumentaciiT. amierkavkasiaSi
kaTolike eklesiis samociqulo administratoris, monsinior
juzepe pazotos werili adasturebda, rom savardi iyo romis
wminda saydris mier aRiarebuli, warsulSi moqmedi kaTolike
religiuri gaerTianebebis erTaderTi memkvidre organizacia.
aRniSnuli mtkicebuleba sasamarTlom ugulebelyo rogorc
gaurkveveli samarTlebrivi statusis mqone, im mizeziT, rom
saqarTveloSi vatikanis warmomadgenlobas ar mouxdenia am institutebis legitimacia.
erTi mxriv, gaurkvevelia, ratom ar moiTxova sasamarTlom am
tipis legitimaciis mtkicebulebis warmodgena vatikanis warmomadgenlobisgan an Tavad mxarisgan, maSin rodesac administraciuli procesis mTavari ganmasxvavebeli niSani inkviziciurobaa da sasamarTlos sakuTari iniciativiT SeuZlia mtkicebulebebis mopoveba. amis nacvlad, sasamarTlo Semoifargla
46

mxolod mxaris mier wardgenili mtkicebulebis gaqarwylebiT

da sxva ufro rTuli kriteriumebis SemuSaveba ar ucdia imis
gamosarkvevad, SeiZleboda Tu ara kavSiri savardi istoriulad arsebuli kaTolike religiuri organizaciebis samarTalmemkvidred CaTvliliyo. es midgoma kontrasts qmnis zemoganxiluli sinagogis gadawyvetilebasTan, sadac samarTalmemkvidre ebraelTa religiuri sazogadoeba agreTve ar warmoadgenda araTu religiur organizacias, iuridiul pirsac ki.
amisda miuxedavad, sasamarTlom CaTvala, rom sakanonmdeblo
regulirebis ararsebobas am sakiTxze ar unda SeeSala xeli
organizaciis konstituciuri uflebebis dacvisTvis. laTin
kaTolikeTa saqmeSi savardis, rogorc kaTolike Temis interesebis damcveli organizaciis, konstituciur uflebebze
sadavo eklesiaze msjeloba saerTod ar gamarTula da sakiTxi
misi samarTlebrivi statusis formaluri SefasebiT amoiwura.
damatebiT, uzenaesma sasamarTlom CaTvala, rom sadavo eklesia,
romelic 1939 wlamde kaTolikeTa religiuri RvTismsaxurebis adgils warmoadgenda, davis momentSi marTlmadidebluri
eklesia iyo. dadginda, rom 1988-1989 wlebSi q. quTaisis kaTolikurma sazogadoebam 1939 wels CamorTmeuli eklesiis Senobis
dabrunebis moTxovniT quTaisis xelmZRvanelobas ramdenjerme
mimarTa SuamdgomlobiT. maTi Txovnis dakmayofilebis nacvlad, ssr kavSiris ministrTa sabWos religiis saqmeTa sabWom
1989 wels eklesia sargeblobisTvis gadasca marTlmadidebel
morwmuneTa sazogadoebas. amasTan, saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa
sabWos 1990 wlis 12 aprils miRebuli dadgenilebiT, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos sargeblobaSi arsebuli yvela sakulto nageboba mis sakuTrebad gamocxadda. rogorc uzenaesma sasamarTlom aRniSna, zemoaRniSnuli administraciuli aqtebi aravis
gauuqmebia, dResac kanonier ZalaSia da amdenad, 1989-1990
wlebidan quTaisis RvTismSoblis xarebis eklesia qarTuli
marTlmadidebeli eklesiaa. damatebiT, sasamarTlom miuTiTa 2002 wlis oqtomberSi saxelmwifosa da sapatriarqos Soris dadebuli konstituciuri SeTanxmebis me-7 muxlis pirvel
punqtze: saxelmwifo eklesiis sakuTrebad cnobs saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze arsebul marTlmadideblur taZrebs,
monastrebs.... aRniSnulis safuZvelze gakeTda daskvna, rom
47

radgan sadavo eklesia quTaisi-gaenaTis saxelze iyo registrirebuli sajaro reestrSi, sadavo eklesia sapatriarqos
sakuTrebas warmoadgenda.
aq marTebuli iqneba Sedareba anCisxatis taZris ezoSi arsebul Senobaze miRebul gadawyvetilebasTan (zemoT, II.4 nawili).
iqac oficialurad Senoba kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis fondma dairegistrira, magram sasamarTlom gaiTvaliswina istoriuli mtkicebulebebi, rom is sakulto nagebobis anCisxatis
nawils saepiskoposo saxls warmoadgenda da gaauqma fondis
sakuTrebis registracia. am SemTxvevaSi, Tavad is faqti, rom
eklesia ukve sapatriarqos sakuTrebad iyo registrirebuli,
kaTolikeTa moTxovnaze uaris Tqmis avtomaturi safuZveli
gaxda da sasamarTlos arc ucdia Seefasebina, ramdenad kanonieri da safuZvliani iyo marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mier aRniSnul taZarze sakuTrebis uflebis registracia.
rac Seexeba konstituciuri SeTanxmebis me-7 muxlis arguments, iq sakmaod naTladaa gadmocemuli midgoma: eklesia an
monasteri upirvelesad marTlmadidebluri unda iyos da es
aris piroba misi sapatriarqos sakuTrebad gamocxadebisTvis. amis nacvlad, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebSi mocemulia
sapirispiro msjeloba: iqidan gamomdinare, rom konkretuli
eklesia saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saxelzea registrirebuli, amitom unda
CaiTvalos marTlmadideblurad. es aris konstituciuri SeTanxmebis me-7 muxlis diskriminaciuli interpretaciis naTeli magaliTi. savardis mier warmodgenili istoriuli
mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze sasamarTlos swored imaze
unda emsjela, iyo Tu ara eklesia marTlmadidebluri, rac
meore etapze misi amJamindeli mesakuTris sapatriarqos
kanonierebis Semowmebis saSualebas Seqmnida. amis nacvlad,
sakuTrebis registracia eklesiis marTlmadidebluri warmomavlobis damadasturebel mtkicebulebad iqna gamoyenebuli
da TavisTavad amoiwura eklesiaze sakuTrebis uflebisTvis
davis SesaZlebloba, rac kaTolike Temis interesebis sruli
ugulebelyofiT moxda.

48

es gadawyvetileba sinagogisa da anCisxatis eklesiis saqmisgan

imiTac gamoirCeva, rom wina or SemTxvevaSi eklesiis warmomavlobis Sesaxeb istoriul mtkicebulebebs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba hqonda sakuTrebis sakiTxis gadasawyvetad, gansaxilvel
SemTxvevaSi ki sasamarTlos saerTod ar umsjelia eklesiis
warmomavlobaze. Tumca, am mxriv, arc aravis gauxdia sadavod
is faqti, rom saqme namdvilad 1939 wels CamorTmeul kaTolikur eklesias exeboda.
sakasacio sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom mosarCelis moTxovna, rom
prezidents gamoeca aqti, romliTac mas sargeblobaSi gadaecemoda sadavo eklesia, safuZvels moklebuli iyo, radgan sadavo sakuTreba aRar warmoadgenda saxelmwifo sakuTrebas.
sadavo qoneba ukve sapatriarqos sakuTreba iyo da Sesabamisad, prezidents ar hqonda uflebamosileba am eklesiis gamo
davaSi Carevisa.
imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom sapatriarqos sadavo eklesiaze
sakuTrebis ufleba efuZneboda Tanaswori mopyrobis principebis ugulebelyofiT miRebul ramdenime administraciul
aqts, gamosavali swored am aqtebis gauqmebasa da axali administraciuli aqtis gamocemis gziT sakuTrebis sakiTxis xelaxla gadawyvetaSi mdgomareobda. Sesabamisad, bolo sakiTxze
sasamarTlos pasuxi warmoadgenda davis arsis ignorirebas, kaTolike sazogadoebis Selaxuli sakuTrebis da religiuri interesis gamo saxelmwifosTvis pasuxismgeblobis moxsnis mcdelobasa da axali mesakuTrisken sapatriarqosken mosarCelis
gadamisamarTebas.
am gadawyvetilebam cudi precedenti Seqmna marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mier arasworad registrirebuli sakulto nagebobebis dabrunebis perspeqtivis TvalsazrisiT. Tavad laTin
kaTolikeebsac aRar udaviaT maTi sxva eklesiebis dasabruneblad sasamarTlo wesiT. yovelive es miuTiTebs, rom sasamarTlom am tipis davebSi ver SeZlo istoriuli samarTlianobis aRdgenisa da kaTolike Temis konstituciuri uflebebis
damcvelis rolis Sesruleba, riTac religiuri umciresobis
uflebrivi dacvis mdgomareoba kidev ufro gauaresda.
49

4. religiuri Seuwynareblobis motiviT

Cadenili samarTaldarRvevebi da
marTlmsajulebis aRsruleba
2007 wels adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom miiRo
gadawyvetileba saqmeze gldanis kongregaciis 97 wevri da 4 sxva
piri saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg.49 aRniSnul saqmeSi, romelic exeboda mama basilisa da misi momxreebis Tavdasxmasa da Zaladobas
iehovas mowme qristianebze 1999 wels, adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom daadgina konvenciis me-3 muxlis darRveva
kargad dokumentirebul Zaladobis faqtebze xelisuflebis organoebis umoqmedobisa da saTanado da miukerZoebeli gamoZiebis
Catarebis valdebulebis darRvevis gamo. darRveulad CaiTvala
agreTve konvenciis me-9 muxli, radgan xelisuflebam ver uzrunvelyo tolerantuli garemo, sadac mosarCeleebi moaxerxebdnen,
esargeblaT TavianTi rwmenis TavisuflebiT. me-9 da me-3 muxlTan mimarTebiT konvenciis me-14 muxlis darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom xelisuflebis organoebi TavianTi umoqmedobiT mama basilsa da mis momxreebs siZulviliT
motivirebuli gamosvlebisa da religiuri niSniT Zaladobis saSualebas aZlevdnen da praqtikulad misi Zaladobis Tanamonawileebi iyvnen, riTac aSkarad arRvevdnen kanonis winaSe yvela
piris Tanasworobis princips.
amdenad, religiuri diskriminaciiT motivirebuli samarTaldarRvevebis SemTxvevaSi, xelisuflebis organoebis mier
efeqturi zomebis miReba pasuxismgebeli pirebis gamosavlenad da dasasjelad TavisTavad gamomdinareobs adamianis
arasaTanado mopyrobisgan dacvisa da diskriminaciis akrZalvis uflebidan.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba, iseve rogorc administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kanonmdebloba,
Seicavs mTel rig debulebebs religiuri Seuwynareblobis
niSniT Cadenili danaSaulebis aRsakveTad, agreTve, sityvier Seuracxyofaze (ginebaze, Seuracxmyofel gadakidebaze)
administraciuli pasuxismgeblobis dasakisreblad. imis Sesa49 saqme gldanis kongregaciis 97 wevri da oTxi sxva piri saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg,
ganac. 71156/01, 2007 wlis 3 maisi.

50

mowmeblad, Tu ramdenad efeqturad xorcieldeba am religiuri Seuwynareblobis motiviT Cadenil samarTaldarRvevebze marTlmsajuleba, tolerantobisa da mravalferovnebis
institutma sisxlis samarTlis Sesabamis muxlebTan dakavSirebiT devnisa da msjavrdadebis statistika gamoiTxova
saqarTvelos mTavari prokuraturidan da saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlodan, agreTve, Sesabamisi gadawyvetilebebis
misaRebad mimarTa saqarTveloSi arsebul yvela saerTo sasamarTlos. xelisuflebis organoebidan miRebuli informaciis Sedareba iehovas mowmeTa organizaciis mier warmoebul samarTaldarRvevis faqtebis statistikasTan saSualebas
iZleva davaskvnaT, Tu ramdenad efeqturi iyo saqmis gamoZieba da damnaSaveTa samarTlebrivi devna.
bolo nawilSi ganxilulia sasamarTlos Sesabamisi gadawyvetilebebi da samarTlis ganmartebis problemebi.

4.1. iehovas mowmeTa qristianuli organizaciis

mier aRricxuli samarTaldarRvevebi da
maTi samarTlebrivi Sedegebi
iehovas mowmeebTan saubrisas gamoikveTa, rom gasuli wlebis
ganmavlobaSi adgili hqonda mravlobiT SemTxvevas, rodesac
iehovas mowmeebs religiuri wesebis mSvidobiani Sesrulebis
procesSi an religiuri aRmsareblobis gamo ayenebdnen sityvier da fizikur Seuracxyofas, an azianebdnen RvTismsaxurebisTvis gankuTvnil Senobebs samefo darbazebs, amtvrevdnen
fanjrebs an abrebs. rogorc iehovas mowmeebis warmomadgenelma intervius dros ganacxada, amgvari SemTxvevebis ricxvi 2012
wels 10-mde iyo, 2013 wels ki 40-s gadaaWarba. es SeiZleba aixsnas imiT, rom sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna an administraciuli pasuxismgebloba SedarebiT iSviaTad ekisrebaT am tipis
samarTaldarRvevebisTvis, maSinac ki, rodesac Seuracxyofis
mimyenebeli piri identificirebulia da imeorebs kidec danaSaulebriv qmedebas.

51

amis STambeWdavi magaliTia sasuliero piri i. x., romelmac sityvieri da fizikuri Seuracxyofa miayena iehovas mowmeebs, o.
y.-s da i. c.-s 2013 wlis 6 oqtombers kaspis raionis sofel axalqalaqSi. ramdenime wliT adre, 2008 wlis 9 dekembers, imave
pirma iehovas mowmeebis sxva mimdevrebs, kerZod, b. o.-s da p.
m.-s, miayena fizikuri Seuracxyofa, xolo 23 dekembers sityvieri Seuracxyofa; agreTve, daemuqra maT cemiT. b. o.-sa da
p. m.-s mimarT igive gaimeora 2009 wlis 3 ivliss. kidev ufro
adre ki, 2007 wlis 20 marts, i. x. cdilobda iehovas mowmeebis
i. g-sa da i. z.-s eklesiaSi Zalis gamoyenebiT Seyvanas.
2008 wels ganxorcielebuli Seuracxmyofeli da Zaladobrivi
aqtebis pasuxad, Sss kaspis raionul sammarTveloSi daiwyo winaswari gamoZieba sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 155-e muxliT
gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis safuZvelze (religiuri wesis
aRsrulebisTvis ukanono xelis SeSla). Tumca, 2009 wlis 12
apriliT daTariRebuli goris raionuli prokuroris moadgilis pasuxidan Cans, rom winaswari gamoZieba 2009 wlis 30 ianvars Sewyda da i. x.-s mimarT samarTlebrivi devna ar dawyebula.
Ziebis Sewyvetis Taobaze aseTi Sinaarsis dokumenti Sedga:
saqmeze Catarebuli gamoZiebiT gamoirkva, rom... mRvdelma i.
x.-m soflis quCaSi myof b. o.-s xeli Caavlo halstuxSi da ramodenimejer ubiZga, Semdeg zurgis areSi xeli Caartya, ris
Semdeg iehovas mowmeebma gaqceviT uSveles Tavs. 2008 wlis
23 dekembers... i. x.-m saxalxod amxila cru moZRvrebaSi p. m.
da b. o. ... b. o. Seepasuxa mas, ra drosac mRvdelma i. x.-m xeli
Semoartya saxeSi da Seagina dedis misamarTiT...
mowmeTa dakiTxviT dadgenilia, rom iehovas mowmeebs i. x.
xvdeboda mxolod quCaSi. maTTvis janmrTelobis dazianebebi
ar miuyenebia da Zaladoba an Zaladobis muqara ar ganuxorcielebia. igi arasodes ar misula iehovas mimdevrebisTvis specialurad gamoyofil saxlSi da xeli ar SeuSlia maTi religiuri wesis aRsrulebisTvis.

52

2009 wlis 30 ianvars sisxlis samarTlis N028090017 saqmeze

Sewyda winaswari gamoZieba sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis ararsebobis gamo.50
aRniSnuli dokumenti, erTi mxriv, ucnaurad gamoiyureba
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 155-e muxlis Sinaarsis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlis mixedviTac dasjadia RvTismsaxurebis an
sxva religiuri wesisa Tu Cveulebis aRsrulebisaTvis ukanonod xelis SeSla ZaladobiT an Zaladobis muqariT, anda Tu
mas axlda morwmunis an RvTismsaxuris religiuri grZnobis
Seuracxyofa. gaugebaria, saidan daaskvna goris prokuraturam, rom quCaSi ar SeiZleba religiuri wesis Sesrulebas SeuSalon xeli 155-e muxlis miznebisTvis da ra nawilSi moiTxovs 155-e muxli specialurad gamoyofil saxlSi misvlas am
mizniT? gaugebaria isic, fizikuri Zaladobis (zurgis areSi
xeli Caartya, ramodenimejer ubiZga, xeli Semoartya saxeSi) qmedebebis aRweris Semdeg, rogor daaskvna prokuraturam,
rom dazaralebulebis mimarT adgili ar hqonia Zaladobas,
an Tu 155-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis niSnebi ar
iyo, ratom ar gadakvalificirda Cadenili danaSauli sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis 125-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul cemis danaSaulad.
2009 wels sruliad dausabuTebeli gadawyvetilebis miRebiT
SeiZleba aixsnas is, rom i. x. 2013 welsac agrZelebda iehovas mowmeebis fizikur da sityvier Seuracxyofas da sxvebsac
aZlevda imaves gakeTebis magaliTs, rac dasturdeba kaspis
raionis policiis raionul sammarTveloSi iuridiuli firmis,
amxanagobis kanoniereba da samarTali kavkasiaSi 2013 wlis
24 oqtombers gagzavnili N13-028 weriliT. Sinagan saqmeTa
saministros sapasuxo werilSi naTqvamia, rom am saqmeze mimdinareobs gamoZieba sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 156-e muxliT
(devna).51
50 goris raionuli prokuroris moadgilis werili saqarTvelos mTavari prokuraturis
Ss saministros regionul teritoriul organoebSi gamoZiebis saproceso xelmZRvanelobis
sammarTvelos ufros prokurors, Tamila papavas, g10.04.200 9/16, 10.04.2009.
51 saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sapasuxo werili MIA 8 14 00949196 iehovas
mowmeTa qristianul organizacias, 20/05/2014.

53

2014 wlis 25 marts iehovas mowmeTa qristianulma organizaciam 2013 wels momxdari incidentebis gamo weriliT mimarTa
saqarTvelos iusticiis ministrs, saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa
ministrs, saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvels, saxalxo damcvelTan
arsebul tolerantobis centrsa da saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacias, raTa yuradReba gaemaxvilebinaT im
faqtze, rom iehovas mowmeebis fizikuri da sityvieri Seuracxyofis Tu maTi Senobebis dazianebis faqtebis umravlesoba
rCeba efeqturi gamoZiebis gareSe, an gamoZiebis Sedegebi ar
aris cnobili dazaralebulebisTvis maTi mcdelobis miuxedavad.52 rogorc aRniSnuli werilidan Cans, gamoZieba umetesad
sruldeba danaSaulebrivi qmedebis Camdeni pirebis mier bodiSis moxdiTa da xelwerilis daweriT, sisxlissamarTlebrivi
devnis dawyebis gareSe.
am werilSi moyvanili samarTaldarRvevis faqtebis dajgufeba Sinaarsis mixedviT saSualebas gvaZlevs, davaskvnaT,
rom 2013 wlis ganmavlobaSi adgili hqonda iehovas mowmeTa qristianuli organizaciis Senobebis an stendebis dazianebis, an literaturis daxevis 21 SemTxvevas, sityvieri
Seuracxyofis 19 SemTxvevas, fizikuri Seuracxyofis 21
SemTxvevas, policielis muqaris erT SemTxvevas, saxlSi SeWris 2 SemTxvevas.
aRniSnul werilze saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros
pasuxiT53 irkveva, rom sityvieri Seuracxyofis an literaturis daxevis SemTxvevaSi (Tu es ar iwvevs qonebriv zians da
religiuri wesis aRsrulebisTvis xelis SeSlas) samarTaldarRvevis Camden pirs awerineben xelwerils an aZleven werilobiT gafrTxilebas. erT SemTxvevaSi piri dajarimda 100
lariT wvrilmani xulignobisTvis. qonebis dazianebis SemTxvevebis umetesobaSic, imis gamo, rom gamowveuli ziani mcire
moculobis iyo (zianis moculoba ar aRwevda 150 lars54) an
52 iehovas mowmeTa qristianuli organizacia saqarTveloSi, werili 15/14 saqarTvelos
iusticiis ministrs, saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa ministrs, saqarTvelos saxalxo
damcvels, saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacias, saxalxo damcvelTan arsebul
tolerantobis centrs, 2014 wlis 25 marti.
53 saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sapasuxo werili MIA 8 14 00949196 iehovas
mowmeTa qristianul organizacias, 20/05/2014.
54 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 187-e muxlis Tanaxmad, danaSaulia qonebis
dazianeba, romelmac gamoiwvia mniSvnelovani ziani. amave kodeqsis 177-e muxlis Tanaxmad
ki, mniSvnelovania ziani, romlis Rirebuleba aRemateba 150 lars.

54

Sesabamisi pirebi iyvnen arasrulwlovanebi, pasuxismgebloba dgeba mxolod xelwerilis daweris an gafrTxilebis saxiT. Tumca, erT SemTxvevaSi CaiTvala, rom qonebis dazianeba
qmnida devnis danaSaulis Semadgenlobas da pirs gauformda saproceso SeTanxmeba, meore SemTxvevaSi ki mimdinareobs gamoZieba qurdobis danaSaulze. rac Seexeba fizikuri
Seuracxyofis SemTxvevebs, Sinagan saqmeTa saministros monacemebis mixedviT, erT SemTxvevaSi mimdinareobs gamoZieba
cemis danaSaulze (sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi, muxli 125),
sxva SemTxvevaSi mimdinareobs gamoZieba janmrTelobis ganzrax naklebad mZime dazianebaze (muxli 118), oTx SemTxvevaSi
mimdinareobs gamoZieba devnis danaSaulze (muxli 156), xolo
kidev erT SemTxvevaSi religiuri wesis aRsrulebisTvis
xelis SeSlaze (muxli 155). fizikuri Seuracxyofis SemTxvevebis mniSvnelovan nawilSi, rac iehovas mowmeTa organizaciis werilSia aRwerili, Sinagan saqmeTa saministrom ver
daadgina, rom fizikur Seuracxyofas hqonda adgili.
imisTvis, rom xelisuflebis organoebma gaataron efeqturi RonisZiebebi religiuri Seuwynareblobis niSniT Cadenili samarTaldarRvevebis aRsakveTad, ra Tqma unda, ar aris
aucilebeli yvela SemTxvevaSi sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis
dawyeba an pasuxismgeblobis umkacresi zomebis moTxovna.

TumcaRa, gamomdinare iqidan, rom religiuri

umciresobebi am tipis samarTaldarRvevebis siWarbeze
miuTiTeben, marTebuli iqneba, sisxlissamarTlebrivi
politika iyos ufro mkacri. religiuri wesis
aRsrulebisTvis xelis SeSlis an devnis
danaSaulebze pirebs, gamonaklisi SemTxvevebis garda,
ar unda gauformdeT saproceso SeTanxmeba da miT
umetes, ganrideba, raTa maTma qcevam sajaro
sasamarTlo procesze miiRos samarTlebrivi Sefaseba.

amasTan, miuxedavad imisa, rom sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsi ar uSvebs qonebrivi zianis gamo devnis
dawyebas, rodesac zarali ar aRemateba 150 lars,
mniSvnelovania yuradReba gamaxvildes qmedebis
55

Camdeni pirebis motivze. roca adgili aqvs qonebrivi

zianis miyenebas mxolod religiuri Seuwynareblobis
motiviT da qoneba ziandeba konkretuli pirTa
jgufis Seviwroebis mizniT, marTebuli iqneba, qonebis
dazianebisTvis pasuxismgebloba dadges devnis
danaSaulis gamo. rodesac am tipis darRvevas aqvs
sistematuri xasiaTi, is erTianobaSi qmnis
konkretuli religiis mimdevrebisTvis devnis
atmosferos.

yvela konkretul SemTxvevaSi unda SeirCes

pasuxismgeblobis zoma, romelic imave an sxva pirebis
mier msgavsi qmedebis aRkveTas SeZlebs samomavlod.
iehovas mowmeTa mimarT Cadenili samarTaldarRvevebi,
maTi raodenobis zrdisa da sistematuri xasiaTis gamo
ar tovebs imis saSualebas, rom aqamde maT
mimarT gatarebuli zomebi efeqturad CaiTvalos
religiuri SeuwynareblobiT motivirebuli
samarTaldarRvevebis prevenciis TvalsazrisiT.

saqarTvelos mTavar prokuraturaSi kvlevis winaswari Sedegebis ganxilvisas migviTiTes, rom ganrideba aRniSnul pirebTan
gaformda mxolod mas Semdeg, rac konsultacia gaiares
dazaralebulebTan danaSaulebrivi qmedebis Camdeni pirebisTvis ganridebis gaformebis Taobaze; aseve, ganridebulma pirebma dazaralebulis TandaswrebiT gamoxates sinanuli Cadenili
qmedebis gamo da gaswies sazogadoebrivad sasargeblo Sroma.
rac mTavaria, dazaralebulebs hqondaT saSualeba, aReweraT
maTTvis miyenebuli ziani da CarTulni yofiliyvnen prokuraturis mier warmoebul procesSi.
prokuraturis poziciis Tanaxmad, saproceso SeTanxmebis gaformebac calsaxad ar gulisxmobs braldebulisTvis SeRavaTebis gawevas, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im garemoebasac, rom
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 155-156-e muxlebi
naklebad mZime danaSaulebs warmoadgens da am danaSaulebze
sasamarTlosac SeuZlia sasjelis saxiT daadginos jarima an
daniSnos pirobiTi msjavri. amdenad, aramarTebulia religi56

uri motivebiT Cadenili qmedebebisTvis braldebul pirebTan

saproceso SeTanxmebis gaformeba aRqmul iqnes rogorc prokuraturis mier msubuqi sisxlissamarTlebrivi politikis gatarebis maniSnebeli.
TumcaRa, winamdebare kvlevis farglebSi yuradReba maxvildeba ara sasjelis simkacreze, aramed danaSaulis Camdeni pirebis sajaro gasamarTlebasa da maTi qmedebis sajaro samarTlebriv Sefasebaze, rasac danaSaulis prevenciis TvalsazrisiT
didi Rirebuleba aqvs rogorc am piris mier, ise sxva pirebis mier identuri danaSaulis Cadenis aRsakveTad. aRniSnuli
miznis uzrunvelsayofad sajaro sasamarTlo ganxilva, sadac detalurad ganixileba mtkicebulebebi da Sefaseba eZleva piris qcevas, metismomcemia, vidre saproceso SeTanxmebis
damtkicebis Sekvecili warmoeba sasamarTloSi.

4.2. muslimTa Temis winaaRmdeg 2012-2013 wels

Cadenili samarTaldarRvevebi
2012-2013 wlebSi adgili hqonda muslimTa Temis uflebebis
uxeSi darRvevis ramdenime faqts, romlebic msgavsi scenariT
viTardeboda saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi da gulisxmobda adgilobrivi muslimebisTvis RvTismsaxurebis CatarebaSi agresiuli formiT xelis SeSlas marTlmadidebeli umravlesobis mier, ris mimarTac xelisuflebis, gansakuTrebiT
adgilobrivi xelisuflebis organoebi iCendnen Semgueblur
damokidebulebas da zogjer xelsac uwyobdnen.
muslimTa uflebebis masStaburad Selaxvas hqonda adgili
2012 wlis miwuruls lanCxuTis municipalitetis sofel nigvziansa da mogvianebiT TeTriwyaros municipalitetis sofel
winwyaroSi,55 2013 wels56 ki dedofliswyaros municipalite55 saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis angariSi saqarTveloSi adamianis uflebaTa da
TavisuflebaTa dacvis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, 2012, gv. 520-523; ix. agreTve, adamianis
uflebebis swavlebisa da monitoringis centri, sekularizmis krizisi da loialoba
dominanti jgufis mimarT, 2013.
56 muslimTa religiur niadagze devnis SemTxvevas hqonda adgili qobuleTis sofel
cixisZirSi, Tumca, es SemTxveva gansxvavdeba Tavisi SinaarsiT da masStabiT am TavSi

57

tis sofel samTawyaroSi.57 am soflebSi mcxovrebi marTlmadidebeli mosaxleoba ewinaaRmdegeboda qarTveli muslimebis mier meCeTis amoqmedebas da sityvieri Seuracxyofis,
muqarisa da gadaadgilebis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis gziT
maT tradiciuli RvTismsaxurebis Catarebis saSualebas ar
aZlevda.
rogorc saxalxo damcvelis 2013 wlis angariSSia aRniSnuli, nigvziansa da winwyaroSi locvasTan dakavSirebuli
problema xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebis Carevis Sedegad
religiuri umravlesobisa da umciresobis liderebs Soris
molaparakebisa da SeTanxmebis gziT... amoiwura da 2013 wels
am soflebSi locva daubrkoleblad mimdinareobda.58 Tumca,
is faqti, rom religiur umciresobaze Zaladobisa da xelis
SeSlis faqtis gamo aravin dasjila da am tipis samarTaldarRvevebis zogadi prevenciisTvis saTanado zomebi ar miiReba,
kidev erTxel SegviZlia davakavSiroT imasTan, rom uflebebis Selaxvis msgavsi Sinaarsis, Tumca, kidev ufro mwvave
SemTxveva moxda 2013 wels samTawyarosa da WelaSi.
2013 wlis maisidan sofel samTawyaroSi adgili hqonda ramdenime epizods, rodesac samTawyarosa da mezobeli soflebis
mosaxleoba fizikuri da sityvieri Seuracxyofis, gzis gadaketvisa da muqaris meSveobiT xels uSlida muslimTa Tems
religiuri msaxurebis CatarebaSi. ramdenime SemTxvevaSi
marTlmadidebel mosaxleobasTan erTad imyofeboda sofel
samTawyaros rwmunebuli g. n., romelic ar uSlida xels maT
Zaladobriv aqtebs. saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros
warmomadgenlebma, kerZod, sapatrulo policiis TanamSromlebma ver uzrunvelyves muslimi sasuliero pirebisTvis
samlocvelosTan misasvleli gzis gaxsna da sazogadod, muslimebisTvis RvTismsaxurebis uflebis uzrunvelyofa, rac
saxelmwifos pozitiuri movaleobis darRvevas warmoadgenda.
ganxiluli sxva SemTxvevebisgan da qvemoT sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis analizis
TavSia (me-4 Tavi) detalurad ganxiluli.
57 saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis angariSi saqarTveloSi adamianis uflebaTa da
TavisuflebaTa dacvis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, 2013, gv. 297-304.
58 iqve, gv. 296.

58

saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelisTvis miwodebuli informaciiT, daiwyo gamoZieba dedofliswyaros raionis sofel samTawyaroSi religiuri wesis aRsrulebisaTvis ukanonod xelis
SeSlis faqtze (danaSauli gaTvaliswinebuli ss kodeqsis 155-e
muxlis I nawiliT) da dedofliswyaros raionis sofel samTawyaros mosaxleobis mier muslimi sasuliero piris ojaxis mimarT ganxorcielebul muqaraze (kodeqsis 151-e muxliT).
2013-2014 wlebSi (2014 wlis pirveli kvartali) gamoZiebis
farglebSi gatarebuli RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos
saxalxo damcvelis aparatma saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa
saministrosgan damatebiTi informacia ver miiRo. saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis winadadebis pasuxad mas acnobes, rom
dedofliswyaros rwmunebulis movaleobis Semsrulebel g.n.-s
disciplinuri gadacdomisTvis gamoecxada gafrTxileba.59
zemoganxilul SemTxvevebTan SedarebiT, uflebaTa Selaxvis
kidev ufro mZime faqts hqonda adgili adigenis municipalitetis sofel WelaSi, radgan damrRvevebi uSualod sajaro moxeleebi iyvnen: 2013 wlis 26 agvistos Semosavlebis samsaxurma daSala minareTi, rogorc qvemoT iqneba ganmartebuli, saTanado samarTlebrivi safuZvlis gareSe; imavdroulad, Sss-s
TanamSromlebma Zala gamoiyenes im muslimebis mimarT, vinc
demontaJis gaprotesteba scada.
am SemTxvevaSic, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom
demontaJs win uswrebda mediaSi gavrcelebuli marTlmadidebeli mosaxleobis ukmayofileba sofel WelaSi minareTis
konstruqciis dadgmis Taobaze. marTlmadidebeli mosaxleobis protesti aRwerili iyo agreTve saxalxo damcvelisadmi
adigenis municipalitetis sakrebulos Tavmjdomaris mimarTvaSic.60
situacia, rodesac marTlmadidebeli mosaxleobis protests
religiuri umciresobis agebuli an mSeneblobis procesSi
myofi sakulto nagebobis mimarT mosdevs sajaro moxeleebis
mier kanoniT dadgenili procedurebiT manipulireba marTlmadidebeli mosaxleobisTvis sasurveli Sedegis misaRwevad,
59
60

iqve, gv. 300.

iqve, gv. 302.

59

erTmniSvnelovnad aerTianebs Welas SemTxvevas qvemoT ganxilul Terjolis mSeneblobis SemTxvevasTan, sadac adgilobrivma xelisuflebam mSeneblobis nebarTva SeaCera kanonieri safuZvlis gareSe, marTlmadidebeli mosaxleobis mier
iehovas mowmeTa kavSiris mSeneblobis gaprotestebis Semdeg.
es miuTiTebs saqarTveloSi sajaro moxeleTa qcevis modelze, sadac isini sajaro uflebamosilebas iyeneben religiuri
umciresobis araxelsayrel mdgomareobaSi Casayeneblad, rac,
erTi mxriv, religiuri umravlesobis dakveTis dakmayofilebaa, meore mxriv ki, religiuri umciresobis uflebis arsebiT
SezRudvas iwvevs da Sesabamisad, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
142-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis (adamianTa Tanasworuflebianobis darRveva) Semadgenlobas qmnis.
sajaro moxeleebis danaSaulis Cadenis mtkicebis safuZvels
gvaZlevs is, rom maT mier sajaro uflebamosilebis ukanono gamoyenebas hqonda adgili, rac mkafiod aris saxeze Welas
SemTxvevaSi. Semosavlebis samsaxuris mtkicebiT, TurqeTidan
Semotanili minareTis demontaJi ganxorcielda imis gamo,
rom sabaJoze Semotanili saqonlis araswori klasificirebis gamo SeiZleboda Semcirebuliyo importis gadasaxdelis
odenoba da amis gamorkveva gasvliTi Semowmebisa da liTonis
konstruqciis fizikuri daTvalierebisa da Sesabamisi eqspertizis daskvnis gareSe SeuZlebelia.61
aq gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs imas, rom ganbaJebisas minareTs
Tavad Semosavlebis samsaxuris uflebamosilma pirma mianiWa
sasaqonlo kodi, romelic Tavisufldeboda importis gadasaxadisgan,62 rogorc TurqeTSi warmoebuli saqoneli. Sesabamisad, konstruqciis fizikuri maxasiaTeblebi da eqspertizis
Sedegebi, romelic TavisTavad, proceduris uxeSi darRveviT
Catarda,63 ver Secvlida importis gadasaxadisTvis mniSvnelovan im garemoebas, rom warmoSobis qveynis gamo, saqoneli gaTavisuflebuli iyo importis gadasaxadisgan. Sesabamisad, importis gadasaxadis odenobis dadgenis sababi Semosavlebis samsax61 arasamTavrobo organizaciebis erToblivi gancxadeba sofel WelaSi ganviTarebuli
movlenebis Sesaxeb, 29 agvisto, 2013.
62 saxalxo damcvelis 2013 wlis angariSi, ix. zemoT SeniSvna 58, gv. 303.
63 detalebi ixileT arasamTavrobo organizaciebis erTobliv gancxadebaSi, SeniSvna 62.

60

uris calsaxad yalbi argumentia da kidev erTxel Catarebuli

RonisZiebis ukanonobasa da Sesabamisi sajaro moxeleebis savaraudo danaSaulze miuTiTebs.
muslimTa Temis darRveul uflebebze pasuxismgeblobis aRebisa da Welas SemTxvevaSi Tanamdebobis pirebis qmedebebis
miukerZoebeli da efeqturi gamoZiebis nacvlad, saxelmwifom problemis mogvarebis uflebamosilebis araformaluri
delegireba ganaxorciela saqarTvelos sapatriarqoze. 2013
wlis 28 agvistos sapatriarqoSi gaimarTa Sexvedra marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mesveurebsa da muslimTa sammarTvelos
xelmZRvanelobas Soris moWrili minareTis sakiTxis Taobaze.
am Sexvedraze miRebuli gadawyvetilebiT, minareTi ar unda
aRmarTuliyo manam, sanam ar mowesrigdeboda sakanonmdeblo
baza, da ar Sedgeboda molaparakeba sapatriarqosa da muslimTa sammarTvelos Soris.
rodesac saxelmwifo, sakmaod gamokveTili religiuri umravlesobis moTxovnebis gavleniT, arRvevs religiuri umciresobis kanonier uflebebs da ayenebs maT araxelsayrel mdgomareobaSi, dazaralebulebis uflebebis aRdgenisa da damnaSave pirebis dasjis nacvlad, molaparakebebis gamarTvis xelSewyoba religiur umravlesobasa da umciresobas Soris konstituciisa da kanonmdeblobis ignorirebas warmoadgens. es
aris kanonis darRvevis konkretuli SemTxvevis samarTlebriv
Sefasebasa da Sesabamis reagirebaze uaris Tqma samarTlisTvis sruliad ararelevanturi safuZvliT religiur gaerTianebebs Soris molaparakebis gamo. molaparakeba, da Tundac SeTanxmeba, ver Secvlis im faqts, rom sajaro moxeleebma
daarRvies kanoni, savaraudod, religiuri diskriminaciis motiviT, rac saSiSi precedentia sekularuli da samarTlebrivi
saxelmwifos principis gadasaxedidan da swraf da efeqtur
gamoZiebas saWiroebs. Tumca, aRniSnuli SemTxvevis gamoZieba
saqarTvelos mTavar prokuraturas ar dauwyia.

61

4.3 . devnis dawyebisa da msjavrdadebis statistikis analizi

saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlosa da mTavari
prokuraturis informaciis safuZvelze
imis gasarkvevad, Tu ramdenad adekvaturad pasuxobs saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi religiuri niSniT pirebis devnisgan dacvis amocanas, tolerantobisa da mravalferovnebis institutma sajaro informaciis moTxovniT mimarTa saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros, mTavar prokuraturas, uzenaes da saapelacio sasamarTloebs, iseve rogorc 26
raionul sasamarTlos.
saqarTvelos mTavari prokuraturis mier mowodebuli informaciis64 Tanaxmad, devnis dawyebasa da SewyvetasTan dakavSirebiT sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulebis mixedviT statistika
iwarmoeba 2012 wlidan, Sesabamisad, tolerantobis da mravalferovnebis instituts miawodes 2012-2013 wlisa da 2014 wlis
3 Tvis statistikuri informacia.

64

62

saqarTvelos mTavari prokuraturis werili 13/27279, 30 aprili, 2014 w.

rogorc aRniSnuli informaciiT irkveva, 155-e muxlTan dakavSirebiT 2012 wels da 2014 wels gamoZieba Sewyda TiTo-TiTo
SemTxvevaze, orivejer danaSaulis niSnebis ararsebobis gamo,
2013 wels ki gamoZieba Sewyda, radgan 155-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis amnistireba moxda, rogorc naklebad mZime
danaSaulisa. 2012-2014 (2014 wlis pirveli sami Tve) wlebSi
156-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulze gamoZieba Sewyda 7
SemTxvevaSi, devna Sewyda an ar daiwyo 5 SemTxvevaSi. 156-e muxlis safuZvelze am wlebSi devna daiwyo 19 SemTxvevaSi, Tumca,
2013 wels or SemTxvevaSi Sewyda dawyebuli devna. aRniSnuli statistika miuTiTebs, rom religiuri Seuwynareblobis
danaSaulebidan yvelaze aqtiurad gamoiyeneba ara religiuri
wesis aRsrulebisTvis xelis SeSlis muxli (muxli 155), aramed devnis muxli (muxli 156). Tumca, aq gasaTvaliswinebelia,
rom devnis danaSauli SeiZleba Cadenil iqnes ara mxolod religiuri, aramed sxva niSniT Seuwynareblobis safuZvelzec
da radgan konkretulad religiur niadagze devnasTan dakavSirebuli statistika ar iwarmoeba, am niSniT Cadenili danaSaulebis zusti ricxvis dadgena SeuZlebeli iyo.
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlosgan tolerantobisa da
mravalferovnebis institutma gamoiTxova Semdegi statistikuri informacia:

saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis mier

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 53-e muxlis
31 punqtis safuZvelze gamotanili yvela
gadawyvetileba, rac miRebul iqna 2012 wlis 27
martidan [53-e muxlis 31 punqtis miRebis TariRi] 2014
wlis 25 martamde;

2009 wlis 1-eli ianvridan 2014 wlis 25 martamde

saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis mier
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 109-e muxlis
me-2 nawilis d qvepunqtis [ganzrax mkvleloba
rasobrivi, religiuri, erovnuli an eTnikuri
Seuwynareblobis gamo;], 117-e muxlis me-5 nawilis
d qvepunqtis [janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime dazianeba
63

Cadenili rasobrivi, religiuri, erovnuli

an eTnikuri Seuwynareblobis gamo;], 126-e muxlis me-2
nawilis z qvepunqtis [Zaladoba rasobrivi,
religiuri, erovnuli an eTnikuri Seuwynareblobis
gamo], 142-e muxlis [adamianTa Tanasworuflebianobis
darRveva], 1441 muxlis me-2 nawilis v qvepunqtis
[wameba adamianebis Tanasworuflebianobis darRveviT],
1443 muxlis me-2 nawilis v qvepunqtis adamianebis
Tanasworuflebianobis darRveviT], 155-e muxlis
[religiuri wesis aRsrulebisTvis ukanonod xelis
SeSla], 156-e muxlis [devna], 166-e muxlis [politikuri,
sazogadoebrivi an religiuri gaerTianebis xelis
[micvalebulis upativcemuloba rasobrivi, religiuri,
erovnuli an eTnikuri Seuwynareblobis gamo]
safuZvelze braldebuli pirebis saqmeebze miRebuli
gadawyvetilebebi, maT Soris saproceso
SeTanxmebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos
ganaCenebi;

religiuri Seuwynareblobis motiviT Cadenil

danaSaulebTan dakavSirebuli gadawyvetilebebi.

saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos mier 2014 wlis 7 aprils

mowodebuli informaciis Tanaxmad, pirveli instanciis sasamarTloebis mier 156-e muxlze (devna) 2009-2013 wlebSi ganaCeni gamotanil iqna 11 piris mimarT, 3 pirs ki prokuraturam
2013 wels gauforma ganrideba; 2010 wels ssk-s 142-e muxliT
gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis saqmeze (adamianTa Tanasworuflebianobis darRveva) gamotanil iqna 1 ganaCeni; 2013 wels
ssk-s 1441 muxlis me-2 nawilis v qvepunqtis (wameba adamianis Tanasworuflebianobis darRveviT, maT Soris religiuri
niSniTac) safuZvelze ki gamotanil iqna ori ganaCeni. uzenaesi
sasamarTlos mier mowodebuli informaciis Tanaxmad, tolerantobisa da mravalferovnebis institutis gancxadebaSi
CamoTvlili sxva danaSaulebis saqmeebi 2009-2014 wlebSi ar
ganxilula.
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania is, rom saqarTvelos uzenaesi
sasamarTlo Tavis sapasuxo werilSi aRniSnavs: msjavrdadebu64

lis pasuxismgeblobis damamZimebel garemoebad ssk 53-e muxlis 31 nawilis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb monacemebi sasamarTloebSi
moqmedi statistikuri angariSgebis formebSi ar aRiricxeba.
igive informacia daadastura Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlomac.65
ssk 53-e muxlis 31 nawili 2012 wlis 27 marts iqna Setanili sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi da diskriminaciis romelime niSniT,
maT Soris religiuri niSniT, Seuwynareblobis motiviT danaSaulis Cadena pasuxismgeblobis damamZimebel garemoebad gamocxadda yvela im danaSaulisTvis, romlis Semadgenlobac ar
iTvaliswinebs Seuwynareblobis motivs danaSaulis erT-erT
elementad. aRniSnuli niSnavs, rom sasamarTlom yovel individualur SemTxvevaSi, roca Seuwynareblobis motiviT aris
65 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos werili N47-k tolerantobisa da mravalferovnebis
institutis 2014 wlis 26 martis N66 werilis pasuxad, 7.04.14; Tbilisis saqalaqo
sasamarTlos werili 1-04118/10620, 16.04.2014.

65

Cadenili danaSauli, es niSani pasuxismgeblobis damamZimebel

garemoebad unda Seeracxos pirs. garda imisa, rom Seuwynareblobis motivs sasjelis gansazRvrisTvis mieniWa mniSvneloba,
amgvari muxlis arseboba kodeqsSi mniSvnelovania analitikuri TvalsazrisiT da saSualebas iZleva Seuwynareblobis motiviT Cadenil danaSaulebze zusti statistikuri informaciis
Sekrebisa. Tumca, im faqtis gamo, rom am niSniT sasamarTloebi
statistikas ar awarmoeben, normis resursi am TvalsazrisiT
gamouyenebeli rCeba.
baTumis saqalaqo sasamarTlos mier mowodebuli gadawyvetilebis teqstiT Tu vimsjelebT, romelic klasikuri
SemTxvevaa, roca sasamarTlos sasjelis gansazRvrisas unda
gamoeyenebina 53-e muxlis 31 nawili, SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom
am normis samarTlebrivi mniSvnelobac gamouyenebeli rCeba.

4.4. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis analizi

tolerantobisa da mravalferovnebis institutis (TDI) gancxadebis pasuxad, romelic exeboda religiuri Seuwynareblobis
motiviT Cadenil danaSaulebs, baTumis saqalaqo sasamarTlom
mogvawoda 2013 wlis 20 agvistos miRebuli gadawyvetileba.
personaluri informaciis dacvis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad,
gadawyvetileba warmodgenil iqna daStrixuli saxiT, Tumca,
is exeba saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis 2013 wlis saparlamento angariSSi ganxilul gaxmaurebul SemTxvevas, romelsac
adgili hqonda cixisZirSi.66 kerZod, 2013 wlis 14 aprils saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministros SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gaerTianebuli Stabis samxedro policiis departamentis me-2 regionuli sammarTvelos me-2 ganyofilebis ufrosma o.x.-m, amave
ganyofilebis ufrosma inspeqtorebma, p.g.-m da m.m.-m, religiuri Seuwynareblobis niadagze fizikuri da sityvieri Seuracxyofa miayenes sofel cixisZirSi mcxovreb muslimuri aRmsareblobis pirebs da maT dasaSineblad cecxlsasroli iaraRi
66 saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis angariSi saqarTveloSi adamianis uflebebisa da
Tavisuflebebis dacvis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, gv. 296-297.

66

ramdenjerme haerSi isroles. baTumis saqalaqo sasamarTlom

m.m. damnaSaved cno 160-e muxlis me-2 nawilis a qvepunqtiTa da
amave muxlis me-3 nawilis a da b qvepunqtebiT [binis an sxva
mflobelobis xelSeuxeblobis darRveva ZaladobiT an Zaladobis muqariT, jgufurad da samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis
gamoyenebiT] da 239-e muxli me-2 nawilis a qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulisTvis [xulignoba winaswari SeTanxmebiT jgufis mier]; xolo p.g. da o.x. cnobil iqnen damnaSaveebad
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 160-e muxlis me-2
nawilis a qvepunqtiTa da amave muxlis me-3 nawilis a da
b qvepunqtebiT [binis an sxva mflobelobis xelSeuxeblobis
darRveva ZaladobiT an Zaladobis muqariT, jgufurad da samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT].
TavisTavad is faqti, rom Tanamdebobis pirebis mier Cadenil
danaSaulze efeqturi gamoZieba Catarda, maT sasjeli daekisraT da sajaro samsaxurSi saqmianobis ufleba CamoerTvaT
erTi wliT, udavod misasalmebeli faqtia.
Tumca, es gadawyvetileba samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT kiTxvebs aCens da zemoxsenebuli 53-e muxlis 31 nawilis sruli
ugulebelyofiTaa miRebuli. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, baTumis saqalaqo sasamarTlom es gadawyvetileba mogvawoda
rogorc religiuri Seuwynareblobis motiviT Cadenili danaSauli. Tumca, gadawyvetilebis aRwerilobiT nawilSi arsad aris naxsenebi danaSaulis Camdeni pirebis mier Cadenili
xulignuri qmedebebis konkretuli Sinaarsi. sruliad SeuZlebeli iqneboda daskvnis gamotana, raSi gamoixata religiuri Seuwynareblobis motivi, rom ara saxalxo damcvelis
angariSidan xelmisawvdomi incidentis Sinaarsi. rac yvelaze
mniSvnelovania samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, sasamarTlom
sasjelis Sefardebis etapze miiCnia, rom danaSaulis Camdeni
arc erTi piris saqmeSi ar hqonda adgili pasuxismgeblobis
damamZimebel garemoebebs, miuxedavad imisa, rom 53-e muxlis
31 nawili pirdapir miuTiTebs religiuri Seuwynareblobis
motivze, rogorc pasuxismgeblobis damamZimebel garemoebaze.
amasTan, es muxli swored im dros unda iqnes gamoyenebuli,
rodesac inkriminirebuli qmedeba (xulignoba da binis an sxva
67

mflobelobis xelSeuxeblobis darRveva am SemTxvevaSi) ar iTvaliswinebs religiur Seuwynareblobas, rogorc danaSaulis

Semadgenlobis elements. ra Tqma unda, sasamarTlos SeeZlo
garemoebebis Sefasebis Sedegad daedgina, rom am pirebs ar
hqondaT religiuri Seuwynareblobis motivi, magram faqtia,
rom maT Rirsebis damamcirebeli qmedebebi Caidines islamis
aRmsarebeli pirebis mimarT da swored imis gamo, rom dazaralebulebi islamis mimdevrebi iyvnen. aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlos, sul mcire, unda emsjela, hqondaT Tu
ara damnaSaveebs religiuri Seuwynareblobis motivi da Semdeg gadaewyvita 53-e muxlis 31 nawilis gamoyenebis sakiTxi, am
normis mdumare ugulebelyofis nacvlad.
aRsaniSnavia, rom Tavad baTumis saqalaqo sasamarTlom, iseve,
rogorc saqarTvelos yvela sxva saerTo sasamarTlom, Tbilisis, goris da mcxeTis saqalaqo sasamarTloebis garda, tolerantobisa da mravalferovnebis institutis kiTxvaze upasuxes,
rom maT ar ganuxilavT saqme 53-e muxlis 31 nawilis gamoyenebiT.
ganxiluli magaliTis gaTvaliswinebiT gaurkvevelia, saerTo
sasamarTloebis mier ganxilul saqmeebSi obieqturad ar iyo am
normis gamoyenebis pirobebi Tu sasamarTloebi ar axdenen mis
utilizebas sasjelis Sefardebis procesSi daudgeneli mizezebiT. calke problemaa isic, rom am muxliT statistikas ar
awarmoeben da SesaZloa, Sesabamisi saqmeebis identificireba
ver moxerxda wminda teqnikuri problemis gamo.
zestafonisa da TeTriwyaros sasamarTloebma mogvawodes gadawyvetilebebi, sadac pirebs sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba daekisraT 156-e muxlis safuZvelze, adamianis aRmsareblobis, rwmenis an mrwamsis gamo. orive SemTxvevaSi adgili
hqonda iehovas mowmeebis devnas. TeTriwyaros raionulma sasamarTlom 2013 wlis 1-eli noembris gadawyvetilebiT daamtkica saproceso SeTanxmeba da pirs devnis danaSaulisTvis
daekisra erT wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTa pirobiT da 1000
lari jarima damatebiTi sasjelis saxiT. zestafonis raionuli sasamarTlos 2011 wlis 25 Tebervlis gadawyvetilebiT
dadginda, rom pirma Caidina adamianis devna rwmenis, aRmsareblobisa da mis religiur moRvaweobasTan dakavSirebiT, Zal68

adobiTa da Zaladobis muqariT 156-e muxlis meore nawilis

a qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba da miesaja Tavisuflebis aRkveTa erTi wliT, rac CaeTvala pirobiT ori wliT
gamosacdeli vadiT.
2009-dan 2014 wlis Tebervlamde periodSi saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebs ar gamoutaniaT arc erTi gadawyvetileba
ssk-s 155-e muxlis safuZvelze (religiuri wesis aRsrulebisTvis ukanonod xelis SeSla). aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom 156-e muxliT braldebis SemTxvevaSi saqmis
gamamtyunebeli ganaCeniT dasrulebis ufro maRali albaToba
arsebobs, vidre im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Zieba an devna iwyeba
155-e muxlis safuZvelze.

5. sakulto nagebobis mSeneblobis nebarTva

mSeneblobis nebarTvis gacemis wesisa da sanebarTvo
pirobebis Sesaxeb mTavrobis 2009 wlis 24 martis 57 dadgenileba67 aregulirebs saqarTvelos teritoriaze mSeneblobis nebarTvis gacemis, sanebarTvo pirobebis Sesrulebisa
da Senoba-nagebobis eqspluataciaSi miRebis process. mSeneblobis nebarTvis miReba rTuli da droSi gawelili procesia, romelic nebarTvis gamcem administraciul organos
(ZiriTadad, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis aRmasrulebel
organos) aniWebs did diskrecias procesis yvela etapze. mSeneblobis procesze aqtiuri zedamxedveloba da regulireba
saxelmwifo organoebis mxridan gamarTlebulia mSeneblobis
mometebuli saSiSroebiT adamianis sicocxlisa da janmrTelobisTvis. Tumca, meore mxriv, regulirebis procesi qmnis
administraciuli organos mier TviTneburi gadawyvetilebebis miRebis safrTxes, rac aSkaraa qvemoganxilul saqmeebSi,
sadac religiuri umciresobebis warmomadgenlebs sakulto
67 saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenileba N57 mSeneblobis nebarTvis gacemis wesisa da
sanebarTvo pirobebis Sesaxeb, 2009 wlis 24 marti.

69

nagebobebis mSeneblobisTvis nebarTvis misaRebad SeeqmnaT

sxvadasxva intensivobis biurokratiuli winaaRmdegobebi.

5.1.

iehovas mowmeTa qristianuli organizacia:

Terjolis SemTxveva

TerjolaSi iehovas mowme qristianebis araregistrirebuli

kavSir Terjolis warmomadgenlebi aSeneben sacxovrebel
saxls 2014 wlis 19 Tebervals Terjolis municipalitetis
sakrebulos Tavmjdomaris mSeneblobis sanebarTvo mowmobis miRebis safuZvelze. 2014 wlis 2 ivniss mSeneblobis
teritoriaze Seikriba daaxloebiT 200-mde kaci, romlebmac
moiTxoves samSeneblo saqmianobis Sewyveta. aRniSnuli gamosvlebis pasuxad Terjolis municipalitetis sakrebulos
Tavmjdomarem gamosca brZaneba da SeaCera iehovas mowmeTa
kavSiris mSeneblobis nebarTva. mSeneblobis SeCerebis oficialur safuZvels warmoadgenda mezoblis, k. m.-s administraciuli saCivari, romlis Tanaxmadac, mimdinare mSenebloba xorcieldeboda mewyrul zonaSi da safrTxes uqmnida
da azianebda mimdebared aSenebul mis saxlsac. mSeneblobis
nebarTvis SeCerebis gadawyvetilebas safuZvlad daedo ara
eqspertis daskvna, aramed municipalitetis ramdenime TanamSromlis, maT Soris arqiteqturuli samsaxuris TanamSromlis mier mSeneblobis adgilis daTvalierebisas Sedgenili
oqmi, romliTac gruntisa da mezoblis saxlze arsebuli dazianebebis mixedviT daadgines, rom mSeneblobis adgili SeiZleboda yofiliyo mewyruli zona da SeiZleboda safrTxe
Seeqmna rogorc mezoblis saxlisTvis, ise gverdze gamavali
saavtomobilo gzisTvis.
naTelia, rom Tu adgili namdvilad mewyruli zona iyo, Tavidanve ar unda gaeca sakrebulos mSeneblobis nebarTva. Tumca, rogorc araregistrirebuli kavSiris moTxovniT momzadebuli geologiuri daskvna adasturebs, miwis Sefasebisas
raime uaryofiT fizikur-geologiuri movlenebi ar gamovlenila da miwa ar warmoadgens mewyrul zonas. Terjolis
70

sakrebuloSi 2014 wlis 3 ivliss gamarTulma k. m.-s administraciuli saCivris ganxilvamac daadastura, rom dazianeba,
romelic mis saxls aReniSneba, ar aris gamowveuli mimdebare
nakveTze mSeneblobiT, aramed iqamde warmoqmnili dazianebebia. formaluradac ki ar arsebobs safuZveli, rom nebarTvis SeCereba ZalaSi datovos municipalurma organom, Tumca,
2014 wlis 5 ivlisisTvis gadawyvetileba jer kidev ar iyo
miRebuli.
mSeneblobis SeCerebas win uZRoda adgilobrivi marTlmadidebeli sasuliero piris (dekanozi s. c.-s) mier organizebuli
mosaxleobis saprotesto gamosvla, rac motivirebuli iyo
mxolod da mxolod religiuri SeuwynareblobiT da saerTo
ar hqonda mSeneblobis pirobebTan. iehovas mowmeTa qristianuli organizacia amtkicebs, rom aqvT videoCanaweri, sadac
Cans, piri rogor gadascems mSeneblobis SeCerebis brZanebas
Sekrebil xalxs da ulocavs maT am Sedegs. savaraudod, es piri
adgilobrivi sajaro mosamsaxurea, radgan mas xeli miuwvdeboda brZanebaze.
saTanado safuZvlis ararsebobis pirobebSi da mosaxleobis
protestisa da muqaris fonze mSeneblobis SeCereba iZleva
eWvis safuZvels, rom adgilobrivma xelisuflebam religiuri niSniT diskriminaciis Sedegad SezRuda adamianis ufleba,
rac sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT akrZaluli qmedebis, samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT adamianTa Tanasworuflebianobis darRvevis (muxli 142, nawili 2, a qvepunqti)
niSnebs atarebs da saWiroebs am sakiTxze dauyovnebliv gamoZiebis dawyebas. rogorc mSeneblobis nebarTvis mimRebTa
advokats, manuCar cimintias acnobes, amJamad sisxlissamarTlebrivi gamoZieba mimdinareobs araregistrirebuli kavSiris
erT-erTi wevris, T. c.-s devnasTan dakavSirebiT (sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis 156-e muxli). Tumca, sajaro moxeleebis
mier religiur niadagze SesaZlo danaSaulis Cadenis gamokvleva mometebuli sajaro interesis sagans warmoadgens da
samarTaldamcavi organoebis efeqturobis Sefasebis kriteriumi swored am tipis qmedebebis gamoZiebaa, maTi ignorirebisa da ufro msubuqi danaSauliT gadafarvis nacvlad.
71

aRniSnul sakiTxze saqarTvelos mTavar prokuraturaSi

ganmartes, rom SesaZloa gamoZieba sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze
daiwyos erTi muxlis kvalifikaciiT, magram gamoZiebis procesSi ganxiluli da gadamowmebuli iqneba saCivarSi moyvanili yvela faqti. Tu gamoZiebis Sedegad mopovebuli mtkicebulebebiT gamovlinda sajaro mosamsaxureebis mier danaSaulis Cadenis faqti, maT qmedebas miecema Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi Sefaseba.

5.2. meSvide dRis qristian-adventistTa organizaciis mier

nagebobis mSenebloba manglisSi
meSvide dRis qristian-adventistebs aqvT rogorc religiuri,
ise arareligiuri socialuri miznebi, rogoricaa sazogadoebis problemebis mogvarebaSi CarTva religiuri dRis wesrigis gareSe. am mizniT, maT surdaT sanatoriumis aSeneba sofel
algeTSi, manglisTan axlos, romelic xelmisawvdomi iqneboda
yvelasTvis, maTi religiuri mrwamsis miuxedavad. mSeneblobis
nebarTvisTvis maT mimarTes TeTriwyaros municipalitets.
2013 wlis gazafxulze waradgines pirveli etapis mSeneblobiTi pirobebis dadgenisTvis saWiro sabuTebi. me-2 etapisTvis saWiro dokumentebis wardgenisas maT municipalitetSi
acnobes, rom manglisis daaxloebiT 400 mcxovrebi moiTxovda,
ar miecaT maTTvis sofel algeTSi sareabilitacio-sportuli centris mSeneblobis ufleba, Tumca, es iyo mxolod zepirsityvieri informacia da raime werilobiT ganmarteba am
sakiTxze ar miuRiaT.
nebarTvis miRebis me-2 etapze, romelic gulisxmobs samSeneblo proeqtis SeTanxmebas, municipalitetis arqiteqtorma
daadgina, rom maTi proeqti ar Seesabameboda kanonmdeblobis
moTxovnebs. im arqiteqtorma, romelmac proeqti moamzada,
miuTiTa, rom yvela imave tipis proeqtisTvis nebarTva gasca
adgilobrivma organom da am konkretul SemTxvevaSi uari adventistebis winaaRmdeg arsebuli mikerZoebis Sedegi iyo da
ara proeqtis obieqturi problema. amis miuxedavad, proeqti
72

Secvales. imavdroulad, gamoirkva, rom is miwis oTxi nakveTi, sadac centris mSeneblobas apireben, sasoflo-sameurneo
daniSnulebis miwaa da aucilebelia miwis statusis Secvla,
raTa maT mSeneblobis nebarTva miiRon. miwis statusis Sesacvlelad maT mimarTes janmrTelobis dacvis saministros, raTa
daesabuTebinaT miwis statusis Secvlisa da sareabilitacio
centris aSenebis saWiroeba. winamdebare kvlevis momzadebis
momentisTvis isini elodebodnen sajaro reestris pasuxs miwis statusis Taobaze.
aRsaniSnavia, rom mSeneblobis nebarTvis SeCereba an nebarTvis gacemis gaWianureba msgavsi scenariT xdeba Terjolisa
da manglisis saqmeebSi: adgilobrivi sasuliero piri, romelic, savaraudod, nebarTvis maZiebeli pirebis aRmsareblobis
Sesaxeb informirebulia adgilobrivi sajaro moxeleebisgan,
axdens mosaxleobis mobilizebas mSeneblobis gasaprotesteblad, rasac Semdeg etapze mosdevs biurokratiuli sirTuleebis Seqmna nebarTvis mimRebi pirebisTvis. xazgasmiT unda
aRiniSnos, rom adgilobrivi mosaxleobis damokidebuleba,
negatiuri iqneba Tu pozitiuri, ar warmoadgens mSeneblobis nebarTvis gacemis an mSeneblobis dabrkolebis samarTlebriv safuZvels. aRniSnuli mizeziT mSeneblobaze uaris Tqma
iqneba Sesabamisi piris sakuTrebis uflebis gaumarTlebeli
SezRudva, rac konstituciisa da kanonmdeblobis darRvevaa.

5.3. laTin kaTolikeTa eklesia rusTavSi

laTin kaTolikeTa eklesias surs eklesiis aSeneba rusTavSi
da saamisod 2013 wlis 24 maiss daiwyes samzadisi. kerZod, gaiares mSeneblobis nebarTvis gacemis pirveli ori stadia da
elodebian mesame stadiis dasrulebas samSeneblo nebarTvis miRebas. 2013 wlis oqtomber-noemberSi elodnen pasuxs,
magram veranairi pasuxi ver miiRes. savaraudod, erTaderTi
gamosavali iqneba sasamarTlosTvis mimarTva nebarTvis misaRebad.

73

amgvari gaWianurebis winaaRmdeg, rac mSeneblobis regulirebis procesSi uflebamosili administraciuli organos
TviTnebobis saxes warmoadgens, mTavrobis N57 dadgenileba iTvaliswinebs umniSvnelovanes garantias: mSeneblobis
nebarTvis gacemis TiToeuli stadiisTvis gansazRvrulia
gadawyvetilebis miRebis vada da Tu organo ar miiRebs gadawyvetilebas dadgenilebiT gansazRvrul vadaSi da werilobiT ar acnobebs gadawyvetilebas, maT Soris, uars, nebarTvis
maZiebel pirs, CaiTvleba, rom miRebulia nebarTvis maZiebeli pirisTvis sasargeblo gadawyvetileba.68 aRniSnuli garantia mniSvnelovan rols Seasrulebda rusTavSi kaTolikeTa
eklesiis mSeneblobis gaWianurebis msgavsi SemTxvevebis aRsakveTad, magram rogorc momdevno nawilSi vnaxavT, saerTo
sasamarTloebma CaTvales, rom aRniSnuli normebi ewinaaRmdegeba zogadi administraciuli kodeqsiT, anu zemdgomi aqtiT, dadgenil wesebs da Sesabamisad, praqtikuli mniSvneloba daekarga aRniSnul garantias.

5.4. iehovas mowmeTa qristianuli organizaciis samefo

darbazebis mSenebloba xaSursa da suramSi
iehovas mowmeebma mimarTes xaSuris municipalitets samefo
darbazebis mSeneblobisTvis nebarTvis misaRebad xaSursa da
suramSi. pirvel stadiaze xaSuris municipalitetis gamgeobas unda daedgina miwis nakveTis samSeneblod gamoyenebis
pirobebi. dadgenil vadaSi ar iqna miRebuli gadawyvetileba, rac mTavrobis N57 dadgenilebis Tanaxmad CaiTvala
moTxovnis dakmayofilebad. Sesabamisad, nebarTvis maZiebelma proeqtis SeTanxmebisa da samSeneblo nebarTvis gacemis
moTxovniT mimarTa adgilobriv organos, razec dadgenil
vadaSi isev ar gasces pasuxi. iehovas mowmeTa araregistrirebulma kavSirma Tavisi moTxovna isev dakmayofilebulad
CaTvala da sanebarTvo mowmobebis gacema moiTxova, gamgeobam ki am etapze daudgina xarvezi, risi uflebac mTavrobis
dadgenilebis mixedviT ukve aRar hqonda. Sesabamisad, ieho68

74

iqve, muxli 45, punqti 12, muxli 52, punqti 5, muxli 54, punqti 7.

vas mowmeTa kavSirma gaasaCivra gadawyvetileba sasamarTloSi.

xaSuris raionulma sasamarTlom Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi69 aRniSna, rom mTavrobis dadgenilebis 42-e, 52-e da 57-e
muxlebis Tanaxmad, dadgenilebiT gansazRvrul vadaSi gadawyvetilebis miuRebloba mSeneblobis nebarTvis gacemis
moTxovnis dakmayofilebad unda CaTvliliyo. Tumca, sasamarTlom mniSvnelovnad CaTvala is, rom zogadi administraciuli kodeqsis 177-e muxlis Tanaxmad, administraciul-samarTlebrivi aqtis gamocemisTvis dadgenili vadis
darRveva iTvleba uaris Tqmad da gasaCivrebis safuZvels
warmoadgens. sasamarTlom CaTvala, rom mTavrobis dadgenileba da zemdgomi normatiuli aqti zogadi administraciuli kodeqsi gansxvavebul samarTlebriv Sedegebs ukavSireben gadawyvetilebis miRebis vadis darRvevas da gadawyvita,
rom unda exelmZRvanela zemdgomi administraciuli aqtiT.
am ganmartebiT vadis darRveva moTxovnis dakmayofilebad
aRar CaiTvleba, mxolod administraciuli organos uaris gasaCivrebis safuZvels Seqmnis.
aRniSnuli ganmarteba ZalaSi datova Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos administraciul saqmeTa palatamac.70 am ganmartebis
dasasabuTeblad sasamarTlom miuTiTa, rom mSenebloba mometebuli saSiSroebis Semcvelia sicocxlisa da janmrTelobisTvis da ar SeiZleba misi ganxorcielebis safuZvels warmoadgendes administraciuli organos umoqmedoba:
saapelacio sasamarTlo dauSveblad miiCnevs mSeneblobis nebarTvisa Tu sanebarTvo mowmobebis formaluri tipis aqtebamde dayvanas da mSeneblobis Taviseburebis, misi
specifikis, konstruqciuli mdgradobis, mometebuli saSiSroebis gaTvaliswinebiT gamoricxavs sanebarTvo pirobebis
kanonSesabamisad aRiarebas im safuZvliT, rom administraciuli organos mxridan adgili aqvs umoqmedobas71.
69 xaSuris raionuli sasamarTlo, gadawyvetileba saqmeze N3-11-2013, 30 aprili, 2013
weli, samotivacio nawili, punqti 6.11.
70 Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos administraciul saqmeTa palatis ganCineba saqmeze
N3b/1025-13, 29 noemberi, 2013.
71 iqve.

75

aRniSnuli sajaro interesi, rom mSenebloba mxolod saTanado pirobebis arsebobisas ganxorcieldes maqsimaluri usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad, udavod gasaziarebelia. Tumca, marTebuli iqneboda, sasamarTlos isic gaeTvaliswinebina, rom amgvari ganmartebiT moqalaqeebs TviTnebobisgan
Tavis dacvis mxolod grZeli sasamarTlosTvis mimarTvis
gza dautova da arsebiTad waaxalisa administraciuli organoebis umoqmedoba da TviTneboba. mSeneblobis uSiSroebis sajaro interesTan erTad, TviTnebobis aRkveTis sajaro
interesic wonian arguments warmoadgens, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi (dedofliswyaro, TeTriwyaro, xaSuri, surami, Terjola, rusTavi) administraciuli organoebi aWianureben da abrkoleben arapopularuli umciresobebis mSeneblobebs mSeneblobis usafrTxoebasTan sruliad daukavSirebeli mizezebiT.

6. religiuri institutebis avtonomiis sakiTxi

adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom saqmeSi hasani da
CauSi bulgareTis winaaRmdeg72 xazgasmiT aRniSna, rom religiuri organizaciis avtonomia da Sida saqmeebSi Caurevloba
me-9 muxliT garantirebuli religiis Tavisuflebis umniSvnelovanesi aspeqtia:

rodesac religiuri Temis organizebaze midgeba saqme,

konvenciis me-9 muxli unda ganimartos me-11 muxlis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic icavs asociaciebis arsebobas
saxelmwifos gaumarTlebeli Carevisgan. am gadasaxedidan
morwmuneTa religiis Tavisufleba moicavs im molodinsac, rom Tems saSualeba eqneba mSvidad iarsebos,
saxelmwifos TviTneburi Carevis gareSe. marTlac, religiuri Temebis avtonomiuri arseboba demokratiul sazogadoebaSi pluralizmis arsebobis aucilebeli pirobaa
72

76

Case of Hasan and Chaush v Bulgaria, ganacx. 30985/96, 26 oqtomberi, 2000.

da me-9 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli dacvis birTvs qmnis...

rodesac Temis organizaciuli arseboba ar aris daculi,
individis religiis Tavisuflebis yvela aspeqti safrTxis qveS dgeba.73
aRniSnul saqmeSi bulgareTis saxelmwifos mier muslimTa
Temis lideris SerCevaSi Careva da mufTis daniSvna TemSi arsebuli SeuTanxmeblobis pirobebSi CaiTvala religiis Tavisuflebis Selaxvad. rogorc qvemoT ganxiluli SemTxvevidan
Cans, saqarTvelos saxelmwifos Careva muslimTa Temis organizaciul cxovrebaSi ufro Sorsmimavali da yovlismomcvelia
da ar Semoifargleba mxolod mufTebis daniSvniT, Tumca, am
funqciasac iTavsebs.

6.1. muslimTa sammarTvelos Seqmna da marTva

2011 wlis 15 ivliss sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris formiT dafuZnda sruliad saqarTvelos muslimTa sammarTvelo
(saidentifikacio kodi: 401960794) [SemdgomSi sammarTvelo].
misi wesdebis 1.9. punqtis a qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, sammarTvelos iurisdiqciaSi Sedis: saqarTveloSi moqmedi yvela meCeTi, muslimi sasuliero pirebi, maTi mrevli da sxva islamuri
religiuri dawesebulebebi.
qarTvel muslimTa kavSiris warmomadgenlis, tariel nakaiZis
mier mowodebuli informaciiT, saqarTveloSi muslimTa Temi
imarTeboda amierkavkasiis sruliad muslimTa sammarTvelos
mier da muslimebi 2001 wlidan mimarTavdnen saxelmwifos, rom
saqarTvelos muslimTa sammarTvelo Seqmniliyo. TumcaRa,
tariel nakaiZis azriT, sruliad saqarTvelos muslimTa sammarTvelos damfuZneblebi arian ara muslimTa TemisTvis sasurveli da sando adamianebi, aramed saxelmwifos mier SerCeuli pirebi. sammarTvelos reorganizaciac mxolod saxelmwifos
SeuZlia damfuZneblebis meSveobiT. tariel nakaiZis azriT,
sammarTvelos saxelmwifos mier erTpirovnulad dafuZnebam
73

iqve, par. 62.

77

gamoiwvia is, rom xelisuflebis Seqmnilma organizaciam ver

moipova Temis aRiareba.
2012 wels xelisuflebis cvlilebis Semdeg, muslimurma organizaciebma SesTavazes xelisuflebas, rom maTi monawileobiT
momxdariyo sammarTvelos reorganizacia. amis nacvlad 2014
wlis 9 ianvars miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba, rom sammarTvelo
daSliliyo sam nawilad: dasavleTis muslimTa sammarTvelo,
aRmosavleTis muslimTa sammarTvelo da Seixis instituti, rasac eTnikuri niSniT muslimebis dayofis efeqti hqonda.
damatebiT saxelmwifos miTiTebiT gadadga Siitebis Seixi v. a..
mis nacvlad dainiSna ramin igidovi. sunit muslimebs ar misces
saSualeba, Tavad aerCiaT mufTi. rogorc tariel nakaiZem aRniSna, mufTi realurad ar aris gadawyvetilebis mimRebi piri
da sammarTvelos saxelmwifos miTiTebebis Sesabamisad marTavs resan gogitiZe, romelic oficialurad organizaciis aRmasrulebeli direqtoria.
saxelmwifos mier yvela meCeTsa da sasuliero pirze iurisdiqciis mqone organizaciis Seqmna da am organizaciis erTpirovnuli marTva muslimTa Temisgan damoukideblad da
warmomadgenlobis principebis ugulebelyofiT SerCeuli
damfuZneblebisa da aRmasrulebeli direqtoris meSveobiT
warmoadgens muslimTa Temis avtonomiis ugulebelyofas, rac,
erTi mxriv, muslimTa Temis wevrebis religiis TavisuflebaSi
gaumarTlebeli Carevaa da, meore mxriv, muslimTa TemSi ganxeTqilebisa da dapirispirebis realur safrTxes qmnis.

7. rekomendaciebi xelisuflebisadmi
saqarTvelos parlaments, saqarTvelos mTavrobas:
1. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis preferencirebuli mopyrobis aRmosafxvrelad sxva religiuri gaerTiane78

bebisTvis msgavsi sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis uzrunvelyofa

an sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis, iseve rogorc sxva finansuri
daxmarebis axleburi politikis SemuSaveba, romelic yvela
religiuri gaerTianebis Tanaswor mopyrobaze iqneba dafuZnebuli da, imavdroulad, sajaro resursebs gonivrulad
da gamWvirvaled gamoiyenebs naTlad deklarirebuli sajaro miznebisTvis;
2. sabWoTa kavSiris dros miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis
erTiani politikis SemuSaveba, romelic ar iqneba mimarTuli gaurkveveli kriteriumebiT SerCeuli ramdenime aRmsareblobisTvis Tanxis gaurkveveli vadiT gadaxdaze da amis
nacvlad daefuZneba istoriulad miyenebuli zianis kvlevis
obieqtur Sedegebs;
3. saxelmwifo qonebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis me-3
muxlis safuZvelze arsebuli diskriminaciis aRmofxvra, rac
gulisxmobs sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris formiT
arsebuli nebismieri religiuri gaerTianebisTvis uflebis
miniWebas, mTavrobis gankargulebis safuZvelze pirdapiri
miyidvis wesiT SeiZinon qoneba, rac amJamad mxolod saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis privilegias warmoadgens.
4. religiis saqmeTa saagentos arsebobis aucileblobisa da mandatis Sesaxeb sajaro diskusiis inicireba dainteresebuli mxareebis CarTulobiT.

saqarTvelos ganaTlebis saministros:

zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis mier indoqtrinaciisa da prozelitizmis akrZalvis sakanonmdeblo moTxovnebis Sesrulebaze kontrolis gamkacreba da saministros
sistemaSi Semavali TanamSromlebis mier am moTxovnebis
darRvevebze efeqturi reagireba saTanado pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebis saxiT.

79

saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros, saqarTvelos

iusticiis saministros, saqarTvelos prokuraturas:
sisxlis samarTlis politikis gamkacreba religiuri Seuwynareblobis motiviT Cadenil danaSaulebze, rac uzrunvelyofs
samarTaldamrRvevi pirebis identuri qcevis gameorebis prevencias, gansakuTrebiT, rodesac saqme exeba sajaro moxeleebis mier religiuri niSniT diskriminaciasa da adamianTa Tanasworuflebianobis darRvevas.

saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebs:

1. sabWoTa kavSiris mier CamorTmeuli sakulto nagebobis
dabrunebasTan dakavSirebul davebSi identuri testis gamoyeneba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa da yvela
sxva religiuri gaerTianebis mimarT, ise, rom maqsimalurad
uzrunvelyon Senobebis istoriuli warmomavlobis gamokvleva da sakulto nagebobebis Sesabamisi religiuri TemebisTvis
dabruneba, rac maTi rwmenisa da aRmsareblobis konstituciuri Tavisuflebis dacvis interesiTaa uzrunvelyofili;
2. religiuri Seuwynareblobis motiviT Cadenil danaSaulebSi motivis sasjelis damamZimebel garemoebad Seracxva da
statistikis warmoeba sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 53-e muxlis 31 nawilis mixedviTac, raTa religiuri Seuwynareblobis motiviT Cadenili danaSaulebis intensivobasa da masTan
brZolis saWiroebebze sruli suraTi arsebobdes rogorc sasamarTloebisTvis, aseve sxva gadawyvetilebis mimRebi pirebisTvis.
3. samSeneblo nebarTvis gacemis procesSi administraciuli
organoebis mier Cadenili darRvevebis mkacri kontroli da
maT mier TviTnebobis riskis saTanadod Sefaseba da Sesabamisi meqanizmebis SemuSaveba, raTa nebarTvis maZiebels ar daekisros administraciuli organos umoqmedobis mTeli tvirTi.

80


1. religiis Temaze sajaro
gancxadebebis mimoxilva
saangariSo periodSi gaanalizda politikosTa sajaro gancxadebebi 10 gansxvavebuli movlenis Taobaze bolo erTi wlis
(2013 wlis maisi - 2014 wlis aprili) ganmavlobaSi.
religiis Tema pirdapir an iribad dakavSirebuli iyo Semdeg
movlenebTan:

2013 wlis 17 maisis aqcia, homofobiasa da

transfobiasTan brZolis saerTaSoriso dRe; (2013
wlis 16 - 31 maisi)

dedofliswyaros raionis sofel samTawyaroSi

muslimebis uflebebis darRveva (2013 wlis 31 maisi 10 ivlisi)

sofel WelaSi minareTis demontaJi;

(2013 wlis 26 agvisto - 2 seqtemberi)

adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis kanonproeqti

(2013 wlis noemberi-dekemberi)

incidenti xanuqas dResaswaulze (2013 wlis 4 - 11

dekemberi)

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

avtokefaluri eklesiis patriarqis 2014 wlis saSobao
epistole (2014 wlis 6-10 ianvari)

oTxi religiuri konfesiis dafinansebis iniciativa

(2014 wlis 27 ianvari - 10 Tebervali)

81

kanonproeqtis diskriminaciis yvela formis

aRmofxvris Sesaxeb ganxilva/kanonis miReba
(2014 wlis 16 aprili - 5 maisi)

kvlevis periodSi mimovixileT 42 politikosis 75 gancxadeba. 42

politikuri subieqtidan 14 maTgani (koalicia qarTuli ocneba 12, nacionaluri moZraoba 2) mTavrobas warmoadgenda,
20 maTgani (koalicia qarTuli ocneba 15, nacionaluri moZraoba - 5) saparlamento umravlesobas da umciresobas, 8 politikuri subieqti arasaparlamento partiebs (nacionaluri
moZraoba 2, qarTuli ocneba 2, qarTuli dasi 1, nino
burjanaZe erTiani opozicia 1, Tavisufali saqarTvelo - 1,
qristian-demokratiuli moZraoba 1).
monitoringis Sedegad gamovlinda, rom religiasa da religiur instanciebTan ama Tu im saxiT dakavSirebuli mniSvnelovani
movlenebis komentirebisas politikosebi, saxelmwifo da sajaro
moxeleebi xSirad ar icaven religiuri neitralurobis princips
da movlenas, situacias afaseben mikerZoebulad, piradi religiuri poziciidan anda meinstrimuli religiuri koniunqturidan
gamomdinare, Tumca, amasTanave, mniSvnelovania imis aRniSvnac,
rom, rogorc xelisuflebis zogierTi lideri, aseve saparlamento opoziciis warmomadgenlebi ar eridebian sakiTxebisadmi
principuli, Tanasworuflebianobis, tolerantobisa da sekularobis principebze dafuZnebuli poziciebis gamoxatvasac.

1.1. 17 maisis movlenebi

2013 wlis 17 maiss homofobiasa da transfobiasTan brZolis
saerTaSoriso dRisadmi miZRvnili demonstraciisas marTlmadidebeli sasuliero pirebisa da maTi mxardamWeri mrevlis
fizikuri Zaladoba aqciis monawileebze da samarTaldamcavebis reagireba aRniSnul faqtebze politikosTa nawilma
adekvaturad Seafasa, nawilma ki, sajaro gancxadebebSi dagmo
Zaladobis aqti, Tumca, marTlmadidebeli sasuliero pirebis
pasuxismgeblobis Taobaze mwvave gancxadebebi ar gaukeTebia.
82

aseve xSiri iyo politikosTa mxridan homofobiuri gamonaTqvamebi da seqsualuri orientaciis niSniT adamianTa diskriminaciis SemTxvevebi. seqsualuri umciresobebis aqtiuroba zogierTma politikurma subieqtma yofil mmarTvel Zalas, erTian nacionalur moZraobas daukavSira da am gziT mosaxleobis im nawilSi, vinc marTlmadidebeli eklesiis Rirebulebebs
iziarebs, politikuri opoziciis diskreditacias Seecada.
17 maisis movlenebs gamoexmaura 14 politikuri subieqti.
maTgan 3 subieqtis gancxadebebi ar Seesabameboda sekularuli saxelmwifos principebs (1 warmoadgens arasaparlamento
opozicias partia Tavisufal saqarTvelos, 2 koalicia
qarTul ocnebas); 11 politikuri subieqtis gancxadeba Seesabameboda sekularobis principebs (5 maTgani warmoadgens mTavrobas, 2 nacionalur moZraobas, 3 subieqti saparlamento
umravlesobas koalicia qarTul ocnebas, 2 saparlamento
umciresobas nacionalur moZraobas, 1 ki arasaparlamento
subieqtia koalicia qarTuli ocnebidan).

sekularobis principebs Seesabameba Semdegi

politikuri subieqtebis gancxadebebi:

saqarTvelos prezidenti mixeil saakaSvili:

saqarTveloSi cxovrobs mravali eTnikuri jgufisa da religiuri konfesiis warmomadgeneli, sxvadasxva orientaciis
xalxi da maT aerTianebs is, rom moqmedebs kanonebi, romelTa winaSe yvela Tanasworia da, maT Soris, roca arRveven, am
SemTxvevaSic aris Tanaswori... (21 maisi, 2013 weli, tabula,
mixeil saakaSvili: saqarTveloSi arasdros iqneba fundamentalizmis farTo problema).

saqarTvelos mTavroba
premier-ministri biZina ivaniSvili 17 maisis movlenebs 10
dRis ganmavlobaSi samjer gamoexmaura. ivaniSvilis TqmiT,
83

nebismieri moqalaqe, maT Soris sasuliero piri, bralis

damtkicebis SemTxvevaSi pasuxs agebs kanonis winaSe (26 maisi
2013; netgazeTi, ivaniSvili: eklesiis saxelmwifosgan damoukidebloba unda gavaRrmaoT).
msgavsi Sinaarsis gancxadebebi gaakeTes ganaTlebis ministrma
giorgi margvelaSvilma da Tavdacvis ministrma irakli alasaniam, maT dagmes Zaladoba da aRniSnes, rom kanonis winaSe
pasuxi yvelam unda agos.
mTavrobidan yvelaze mwvave da kritikuli gancxadeba 17 maisis
movlenebze uSiSroebis sabWos mdivanma giga bokeriam gaakeTa.

nebismieri sasuliero piri, romelic Zaladobas Caidens an

aSkara safrTxisSemcvel viTarebaSi Zaladobisken mouwodebs,
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT sCadis danaSauls da yvelam
unda agos pasuxi. imedi maqvs, eklesiaSic aRmoCndebian adamianebi, vinc amas ityvis. Tumca, samwuxarod, dRes rac vixileT,
moraluri iniciativa sasuliero pirebSi hqondaT maT, vinc
siZulvils qadagebs da sCadis TviTon Zaladobas. es adamianebi unda iyvnen dasjilni kanonis safuZvelze (17 maisi, 2013;
tabula, giga bokeria: damnaSaveebi unda daisajon).

saparlamento umravlesoba
sekularobis principebs Seesabameboda koalicia qarTuli ocnebis wevris, daviT usufaSvilis gancxadeba, romelmac yuradReba gaamaxvila kanonis uzenaesobaze da aRniSna, rom arc
erTi Sexedulebis, organizaciis Tu religiuri mrwamsis warmomadgenels ara aqvs imuniteti (18 maisi 2013 weli; netgazeTi, daviT usufaSvili: policiam airCia absoluturad swori
gamosavali).
levan berZeniSvilis TqmiT, xelisuflebam sekularuli saxelmwifos principebi unda daicvas da samarTaldamrRvevma sasuliero pirebma pasuxi unda agon. berZeniSvilma aseve gaakritika
patriarqis mowodeba 17 maisis RonisZiebis akrZalvis Taobaze.

84

rogorc ki mRvdeli iqneba Tu sxva taburets xels daavlebs

da im taburets Cems Tavze daamxobs, mama RmerTi ver uSvelis,
qarTuli kanonebi gaasamarTlebs mas (29 maisi 2013; netgazeTi, levan berZeniSvili: Cven unda miviyvanoT sekularizaciis
sakiTxebi bolomde).
TinaTin xidaSeli

...reagireba aq unda iyos calsaxa da yvela moZaladem, romlis identificirebac SesaZlebelia, unda agos pasuxi (17 maisi, 2013 weli; rusTavi 2, gadacema pozicia).

saparlamento umciresoba
partia nacionaluri moZraobis wevrebma zurab jafariZem da
giorgi gabaSvilma satelevizio gadacemebSi kritikuli gancxadebebi gaakeTes samarTaldamrRvevi sasuliero pirebis Taobaze da damnaSaveebis dasja moiTxoves.

arasaparlamento partiebi
koalicia qarTuli ocnebis wevrma daviT zurabiSvilma saqarTveloSi religiuri nacionalizmis aRmavlobas gausva xazi,
romelic kidev erTi Znelad da mtkivneulad mosaSorebeli
saxadia (2013 wlis 13-19 maisi, asaval-dasavali, me-19 nomeri,
gv. 14-15).

sekularobis principebs ar Seesabameba Semdegi

politikuri subieqtebis gancxadebebi:
saqarTvelos mTavroba
energetikis ministrma kaxa kalaZem Sss-s muSaoba aqciis dRes
dadebiTad Seafasa, gancxadebaSi kalaZem aseve xazi gausva sakuTar religiur mrwamss da aRniSna, rom nebismieri Zaladoba an mowodeba Zaladobisken aris araqristianuli (17 maisi
85

2013; tabula, kalaZe: Zaladobisa da kanondarRvevis gareSe

moxda situaciis kontrolireba).

saparlamento umravlesoba
koalicia qarTuli ocnebis wevrma, parlamentarma zviad
ZiZigurma 2013 wlis 21 maiss rusTavi 2-is gadacema arCevanSi ganacxada, rom kanonis winaSe yvela Tanasworia da moZalade unda daisajos. Tumca, ZiZigurma aseve aRniSna, rom
ar emxroba seqsualuri umciresobebis reklamirebas sazogadoebaSi (21 maisi 2013; rusTavi 2, gadacema arCevani).

arasaparlamento opozicia
aRsaniSnavia, rom RonisZiebamde erTi dRiT adre saqarTvelos
patriarqma ilia meorem saqarTvelos mTavrobasa da Tbilisis merias parlamentis win aqciis gamarTvisTvis gacemuli
nebarTvis gauqmebisa da lgbt Temis uflebebis SezRudvisken
mouwoda.74 swored aRniSnuli mowodebis gauTvaliswineblobis gamo gaakritika saqarTvelos imdroindeli premier-ministri biZina ivaniSvili partia Tavisufali saqarTvelos liderma kaxa kukavam. kukavam gaamarTla Zaladoba lgbt Temis
warmomadgenlebze da liberaluri Rirebulebebis mqone saparlamento partiebi geiaRlumis mowyobaSi daadanaSaula. man
aseve gaamarTla sasuliero pirebis Zaladoba lgbt jgufis
mxardamWerTa gamomwvevi qcevis gamo.
kaxa kukava: patriarqma xom sagangebod ganacxada, dapirispirebis Tavidan asacileblad gadavdoT da nu CavatarebT am
homoseqsualebis mxardamWer aqciaso? ratom ar daugdo yuri
ivaniSvilma patriarqis moTxovnas? imitom, rom mas surda
amerikisTvis eCvenebina, naxeT, rogor vicav adamianis gamoxatvis Tavisuflebaso! (asaval-dasavali, 2013 wlis 13-19
maisi, me-19 nomeri, gv. 14-15).

74

86

http://www.netgazeti.ge/GE/105/News/19650/.

1.2. sofel samTawyaroSi mimdinare movlenebi

sofel samTawyaroSi 2013 wlis mais-ivnisSi gamovlenili religiuri konfliqtis dros adgilobriv muslimebs ar miecaT
tradiciuli paraskevis locvis Catarebis saSualeba. marTlmadidebeli qristianebi samlocvelos ramdenjerme daesxnen
Tavs da xojas sakuTrebis warTmeviTa da sicocxlis ganadgurebiT daemuqrnen.
samTawyaros movlenebs gamoexmaura 4 politikuri subieqti.
yvela maTgani warmoadgenda mTavrobas, romelic koalicia qarTulma ocnebam daakompleqta. maTgan mxolod reintegraciis
sakiTxebSi saxelmwifo ministris, paata zaqareiSvilis, erTi
gancxadeba Seicavda muslimebis dacvisken mowodebas. Tumca,
mogvianebiT zaqareiSvilma Jurnal tabulasTan interviuSi
uaryo qarTvel muslimebze Zaladobisa da religiuri ritualebis SesrulebisTvis xelis SeSlis faqti da ganacxada, rom
muslimebs sajaro sivrcis nacvlad, SeuZliaT privatulad, Sin
ilocon.
premier-ministr biZina ivaniSvilis, sofel samTawyaros rwmunebulis, gulo nadiraSvilis, da dedofliswyaros municipalitetis gamgeblis, irakli SiolaSvilis, gancxadebebi ar
Seesabameboda sekularuli saxelmwifos principebs. 2 subieqtis, gulo nadiraSvilisa da irakli SiolaSvilis, gancxadebebi gamoxatavda mxolod sapatriarqos interesebs.
rogorc mediaSi gamoqveynebuli gancxadebebis mimoxilvidan
Cans, sajaro pirebi muslimebis uflebebis darRvevis aSkara
faqtebis miuxedavad, ar aRiarebdnen problemis simwvaves, konfliqts xelovnurad provocirebuls uwodebdnen, arRvevdnen
religiuri neitralitetis princips da umravlesobis uflebebis dacvis aucileblobaze miuTiTebdnen. metic, soflis rwmunebuli adgilobrivi qristianebis mier muslimebis uflebebis
SezRudvas emxroboda.
muslimTa devnis dawyebidan ori kviris Semdeg, 2013 wlis 14
ivniss, sofelSi Cavida reintegraciis sakiTxebSi saxelmwifo
87

ministri paata zaqareiSvili. Tumca, misma stumrobam viTareba

ver ganmuxta. ministris vizitis dRes samTawyaroeli muslimebi sofelSi arsebuli daZabulobis gamo, tradiciul locvas ar
daswrebian. ori kviris Semdeg, 2013 wlis 28 ivniss, adgilobrivi
qristianebis jgufi SeiWra s. x.-s saxlSi da samlocvelos gauqmeba moiTxova, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, xojas saxlis dawviTa da
soflidan gaZevebiT daemuqrnen. 2013 wlis 3 ivniss premier-ministri biZina ivaniSvili muslimebze Zaladobis faqts preskonferenciaze gamoexmaura. man konfliqtis simwvavidan gamomdinare,
muslimebisTvis miyenebuli ziani araadekvaturad Seafasa. premier-ministrma konfliqts xelovnurad inspirirebuli da wina
mTavrobis 9-wliani mmarTvelobis gadmonaSTi uwoda.

umciresobebis uflebebis
dacvis gamomxatveli gancxadebebi:
saqarTvelos mTavroba
reintegraciis sakiTxebSi saxelmwifo ministri paata zaqareiSvili sofelSi Sexvda rogorc muslim, ise marTlmadidebel mosaxleobas. man marTlmadidebel mosaxleobasTan saubrisas aRniSna, rom erTi muslimic rom cxovrobdes sofelSi,
mas unda hqondes locvis ufleba (netgazeTi, muslimebis
locvas samTawyaroSi paata zaqareiSvili daeswro, 14 ivnisi,
2013 weli).

gancxadebebi, romlebic mxolod erTi konfesiis

interesebs gamoxatavs:
saqarTvelos mTavroba
reintegraciis sakiTxebSi saxelmwifo ministri paata zaqareiSvili:

axali xelisuflebis amocana ar unda iyos, brmad dasajos vinme

mxolod imitom, rom sazogadoeba amas moiTxovs. mTeli Tvea,
88

viTarebaSi garkvevas vcdilob da jerjerobiT, erTi ojaxis

garda veravin vnaxe, vinc namdvilad ambobs, rom masze zewola
xdeba. es aris adgilobrivi xojas ojaxi...
jerjerobiT, ar gamokveTila, unda daisajos Tu ara vinme da
vin. im sazogadoebisTvis, romelic ar aris adgilze arasamTavrobo organizaciebisTvis, presisTvis, iseTi suraTia Seqmnili, rom iq aSkarad viRacas xels uSlian locvaSi. adre mec
viyavi am stereotipis qveS, magram rom Cavedi, ver vnaxe adamianebi, romlebsac locvis saSualebas ar aZleven.
erT adamians ar sWirdeba paraskevis sajaro locva, misTvis
Sin locvac sakmarisia (Jurnali tabula, samTawyaroSi veravin vnaxeT iseTi, visac locva undoda da amis saSualebas ar
aZlevdnen, 1-eli agvisto, 2013 weli).

adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba
sofel samTawyaros rwmunebulis, gulo nadiraSvilis, gancxadebaSi Cans, rom adgilobrivi xelisufleba konfliqtis dros
umravlesobis nebis gaTvaliswinebaze damyarebul diskriminaciul praqtikas axorcielebda. rwmunebulma yvela konfesiis
warmomadgenlisTvis religiis Tavisuflebis uzrunvelyofis
sakiTxSi sakuTari pasuxismgebloba arasaTanadod Seafasa. misi
TqmiT, adgilobrivi qristiani mosaxleoba ewinaaRmdegeboda
muslimur salocavSi religiuri ritualis Catarebas da mosaxleobis dapirispirebis procesSi misi roli umniSvnelo iyo.

...qristianuli sofelia, hereTidan wamosuli ingiloebi arian,

romlebmac SeinarCunes qristianoba, ar gvinda Cveno. arc TviTon aWarel axalgazrdebs ar undaT muslimanuri samlocvelo,
mere soflidan gareT rom gavalT, ar gvinda, vinmem muslimano
aWarelo dagviZaxono, Torem aq arafer SuaSia dapirispireba.
mosaxleoba uwevs winaaRmdegobas, me ra ufleba maqvs, me var
saxelmwifo moxele (netgazeTi, soflis rwmunebuli uaryofs, rom Tavadac uSlis xels muslimebs locvaSi, 2013 wlis 31
maisi).

89

dedofliswyaros municipalitetis gamgebelma irakli SiolaSvilma muslimebisTvis religiuri wesis aRsrulebisTvis

ukanonod xelis SeSla da maTTvis Sekrebis Tavisuflebis SezRudva legitimurad miiCnia.

sofelma gamoxata Tavisi neba, soflis neba aris uzenaesi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobisTvis da xalxs rac unda, ise iqneba
da xalxis neba aris is, rom ar gakeTdes samlocvelo saxli.
rac Seexeba konstituciur uflebas, vin sad ilocos da rogor
ilocos, im sam adamians, romlebic am sofelSi cxovroben da
surT, rom samlocvelo saxli hqondeT, maT samlocvelo aqvT
sakuTar saxlSi mowyobili da 37 wlis ganmavlobaSi loculoben.

1.3. minareTis demontaJi sofel WelaSi

26 agvistos adigenis municipalitetis sofel WelaSi finansTa saministros Semosavlebis samsaxuris sabaJo departamentis
mier meCeTis minareTis moSliTa da Zalovnebis mier muslimi
mosaxleobis fizikuri SeuracxyofiT uxeSad dairRva muslimTa uflebebi. movlenebis ganviTarebaze negatiuri gavlena
iqonia saxelmwifo moxeleebisa da politikosTa upasuxismgeblo gancxadebebma. am TvalsazrisiT, gansakuTrebiT SemaSfoTebeli iyo saqarTvelos premier-ministris, koalicia qarTuli
ocnebis prezidentobis kandidatis, giorgi margvelaSvilis,
iusticiis ministr Tea wulukianis, reintegraciis sakiTxebSi
saxelmwifo ministr paata zaqareiSvilisa da adamianis uflebaTa dacvisa da samoqalaqo integraciis komitetis Tavmjdomaris eka beselias gancxadebebi.
saerTo jamSi, sofel WelaSi minareTis demontaJs gamoexmaura 8 politikuri subieqti, romelTagan mxolod 2 Seicavda
muslimebis uflebebis dacvisken mowodebas (nacionaluri moZraobis wevrebi saparlamento umciresobidan Ciora TaqTaqiSvili da arasaparlamento subieqtia prezidentobis kandidati daviT baqraZe.), 6 politikuri subieqtis gancxadeba ki
90

SinaarsiT diskriminaciuli iyo (koalicia qarTuli ocnebis

warmomadgenlebi: 3 maTgani mTavrobidan, 1 saparlamento umravlesobis wevri da 2 arasaparlamento politikuri subieqti, prezidentobis kandidati qarTuli ocnebidan da partia
qarTuli dasis xelmZRvaneli).
gancxadebebis analizi cxadyofs, rom xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi uaryofdnen religiuri niSniT diskriminacias
da muslimTa uflebebis uxeSi darRvevis faqtebs politikur
ZalTa Soris dapirispirebis WrilSi ganixilavdnen. mTavrobis
wevrebi ver axerxebdnen religiuri grZnobebis gamoxatvisas
piradi Sexedulebebisa da Tanamdebobrivi pasuxismgeblobis
gamijvnas da sajarod ayenebdnen eWvqveS religiuri umciresobis sakulto nagebobebis, konkretul SemTxvevaSi ki, minareTis
arsebobis saWiroebas. arasaparlamento opoziciis warmomadgenelma, politikuri partia qarTuli dasis xelmZRvanelma
jondi baRaTuriam minareTis aRmarTva TurqeTis eqspansias
daukavSira da es faqti politikuri mowinaaRmdegis winaaRmdeg gamoiyena.

religiuri umciresobis mimarT diskriminaciuli

Sinaarsis an konteqstis mqone gancxadebebi:
saqarTvelos mTavroba
minareTis demontaJs 3 da 4 seqtembers saqarTvelos premier-ministri biZina ivaniSvili gamoexmaura. premier-ministrma ganacxada, rom minareTis mSenebloba kanondarRveviT
moxda da, Sesabamisad, TviTnebobasa da ukanonobaze xelisufleba Tvals ver daxuWavs. ivaniSvilma aseve uaryo minareTis
demontaJis religiuri sarCuli. rogorc mTavrobis meTauri
aqcents gavakeTeb kanonze. ar SeiZleba ise moviqceT, rom erT
RameSi, diliT gaviRviZoT da minareTi dgas, romelic aravisTan SeTanxmebuli ar aris, proeqti ar arsebobs, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba saqmis kursSi ar aris.

91

iusticiis ministri Tea wulukiani: ar aris gamoricxuli,

msgavsi SemTxvevebi [minareTis] sxvaganac dafiqsirdes, magram
es ar unda iyos tabudadebuli Tema da saqarTvelos sazogadoebas unda SeeZlos isteriisa da dapirispirebis gareSe
gadawyvitos, unda iyos Tu ara saqarTveloSi minareTebi. es
sakiTxi sxvadasxva qveyanam sxvadasxvanairad gadawyvita. zogma qveyanam referendumis saxiT Tqva minareTebze uari (netgazeTi, sazogadoebam isteriis gareSe unda gadawyvitos, unda
iyos Tu ara minareTebi, 2013 wlis 27 agvisto).
reintegraciis sakiTxebSi saxelmwifo ministri paata zaqareiSvili: es minareTi, rogorc Cans, damontaJda ori Tvis
ukan. Sesabamisad, es moxda ukve im eskalaciis fonze, rac zogadad arCevnebisa da axali xelisuflebis gamarjvebis Semdeg
xelovnurad iqmneba islamsa da saxelmwifos Soris (26 agvisto 2013 weli; netgazeTi, adigenSi aqciis monawileebi unda
daiSalon interviu paata zaqareiSvilTan).

saqarTvelos parlamenti
adamianis uflebaTa dacvisa da samoqalaqo integraciis komitetis Tavmjdomarem eka beseliam aseve uaryo muslimTa konstituciuri uflebebis darRveva da sakiTxi mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebuli samarTlebrivi problemebis WrilSi ganixila.

sofel WelaSi momxdar faqts religiuri mimdinareobis an

aRmsareblobisTvis xelis SeSlasTan kavSiri ara aqvs. es aris
samarTlebrivi tipis problemebi, romlebic ukavSirdeba mSeneblobas. taZris mSeneblobas, meCeTis mSeneblobas aqvs Tavisi
wesi. Zalian bevr evropul qveyanaSi aris eseTi precedenti,
rodesac xdeba swored sazogadoebrivi azris gamokiTxva da
maTi survilis gaTvaliswinebiT gadawyvetilebebis miReba.
Cven ratom ar unda vkiTxoT Cvens xalxs azri?

arasaparlamento partiebi
religiuri diskriminaciis motivi uaryo koalicia qarTuli
ocnebis prezidentobis kandidatma giorgi margvelaSvilma.
92

adigenis raionis sofel Welas Tema, romelic arsebobs da

romelic realurad ar arsebobs, Zalian male gadawydeba...
(27 ivlisi, axali ambebis saagento).
me mixaria, rom umaRlesi sasuliero pirebi nergaven tolerantobis kulturas da, bunebrivia, maT mihyveba mrevlic.
saxelmwifo am procesebSi, bunebrivia, imuSavebs mxolod
rogorc religiuri tolerantobis da... ZiriTadad, agreTve
samarTlebrivi procesebis garantad (30 agvisto, tabula,
margvelaSvili: mixaria, rom umaRlesi sasuliero pirebi nergaven tolerantobas).
qarTuli dasis liderma jondi baRaTuriam minareTis aRmarTvis faqti da regionSi daZabuloba TurqeTis interesebs daukavSira. misi gancxadeba muslimi moqalaqeebis Seuracxmyofeli da
diskriminaciuli iyo.

Turquli specsamsaxurebi Zalian aqtiurad muSaoben. maTi

agentura daverbovkebuli moRalate qarTvelebi arian, romlebsac religiur niadagze daZabulobebis Seqmna surT. isini amis gakeTebas gansakuTrebuli mondomebiT aWaraSi da
samcxe-javaxeTSi cdiloben, jondi baRaTuria (www.sazogadoeba.ge; TurqeTis jaSuSurma qselma lamis aaoxra da aayirava
saqarTvelo, 28 noemberi, 2013).
baRaTuriam respublikuri partiis wevrebi gaakritika, radgan
adigenis sakrebuloSi misi fraqciis warmomadgenlebma WelaSi
minareTis aRmarTvas mxari dauWires. maT qmedebas baRaTuriam samSoblos Ralati uwoda. masalaSi gamoikveTa baRaTurias
negatiuri pozicia minareTis aRmarTvasTan dakavSirebiT.

samarcxvino politikosebis dro unda damTavrdes saqarTveloSi! vinc samSoblos RalatiT aris dakavebuli, xalxma maT
mimarT siZulvili Riad unda gamoxatos, jondi baRaTuria
(www.sazogadoeba.ge; TurqeTis jaSuSurma qselma lamis aaoxra
da aayirava saqarTvelo, 28 noemberi, 2013).

93

muslimTa uflebebis dacvisken mowodebis

Semcveli gancxadebebi:
saparlamento umciresoba
Welas minareTis demontaJis gamo SeSfoTeba gamoTqves erTiani nacionaluri moZraobis warmomadgenlebma, prezidentobis kandidatma daviT baqraZem da saparlamento umciresobis
warmomadgenelma Ciora TaqTaqiSvilma.
daviT baqraZem ZalovanTa pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxze gaamaxvila yuradReba: Semosavlebis samsaxuris gauazrebelma da ugunurma nabijma qveyanaSi daZabulobis axali keris
Sesaqmnelad pirdapiri maprovocirebeli roli iTamaSa (30
agvisto, 2013; tabula, baqraZe: Semosavlebis samsaxuris
nabijma maprovocirebeli roli iTamaSa).
umciresobis wevri Ciora TaqTaqiSvili: samarcxvinoa! sapatriarqo, marTlmadidebeli umravlesoba da xelisufleba
SeTanxmdnen, SeTanxmebulad SeuzRudon muslimebs aRmsareblobis Tavisufleba, minareTi manamde ar daabrunon Tavis
adgilze, sanam kanoniT ar akrZalaven saerTod minareTebis
dadgmas. Tan sapatriarqosTvis madloba vaTqmevinoT muslimTa mufTis problemis umtkivneulod mogvarebis gamo. amaze
didi cinizmi Tu gaxsovT saerTod? premiers ki isev sZinavs,
ra Tqma unda! (29 agvisto, 2013 weli, tabula, verbatimi).

1.4. incidenti xanuqas dResaswaulze

kvlevis farglebSi SerCeul mediasaSualebebSi ar gamoqveynebula arc erTi politikosis sajaro gancxadeba, romelic 2013 wlis 4 dekembers Tavisuflebis moedanze ebrauli
dResaswaulis, xanuqas darbevis faqts dagmobda.
xanuqas dResaswaulis sazeimo aRniSvna Tavisuflebis moedanze
20-mde moqalaqem gaaprotesta, maT Soris iyvnen marTlmadidebeli sasuliero pirebic. orma moqalaqem plakatebi Camo94

xia da damontaJebuli tribuna daaziana. saprotesto aqciis

monawileebis gancxadebiT, dResaswaulis sajaro sivrceSi
aRniSvna marTlmadidebel mrevls Seuracxyofas ayenebda.
rodesac saqarTvelos prezidenti giorgi margvelaSvili sapatio stumris rangSi xanuqas sanTlebs anTebda, moqalaqeTa
nawilma mas mouwoda, ar aenTo sanTlebi. protestis miuxedavad, prezidentma ganacxada, rom misTvis didi pativi iyo
xanuqas dResaswaulis aRniSvnaSi monawileoba.
1.5. TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqsis miReba
sapatriarqosadmi xelisuflebis mikerZoebuli damokidebuleba gamoikveTa TviTmarTvelobis kodeqsis miRebis
Taobaze gakeTebul sajaro gancxadebebSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom
farTo politikur speqtrSi kanonproeqtis calkeuli punqtebis Sesaxeb diskusia mas Semdeg daiwyo, rac saqarTvelos
patriarqma kanoni uaryofiTad Seafasa. patriarqma ilia meorem 4 dekembers sveticxovlis sakaTedro taZarSi qadagebisas
ganacxada, rom Tu saqarTvelos parlamenti TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqss arsebuli formiT miiRebs, es qveyanas daSlamde
miiyvans.
am mimarTvis Semdeg parlamentSi kodeqsis sakomiteto ganxilvebi ramdenime dRiT gadaido. deputatebis nawilma aRniSna,
rom patriarqis mosazreba maTTvis yovelTvis sayuradRebo
da mniSvnelovania.
sapatriarqosTan konsultaciis Semdeg, 2013 wlis 10 dekembers, kanonmdeblebma Secvales kodeqsis is muxli, romelic sapatriarqos problemurad miaCnda. deputatebis gadawyvetilebiT, TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqsSi arsebuli municipalitetTa regionuli gaerTianebebi samxareo sakonsultacio sabWoebad gardaiqmneba.
kodeqsis ganxilvis Semdeg, partia qristian-demokratebis
wevrma levan vefxvaZem dadebiTad Seafasa is faqti, rom xelisuflebam sapatriarqos azri gaiTvaliswina da konkretuli muxli mis miTiTebiT Secvala.
95

saerTo jamSi TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqsis Sesaxeb diskusias gamoexmaura 11 politikuri subieqti. maTgan mxolod 4
politikuri subieqtis gancxadeba Seesabameboda sekularuli
saxelmwifos principebs, 7 ki ara.
sekularuli saxelmwifos principebs Seesabameboda koalicia
qarTuli ocnebis 2 warmomadgenlis (saparlamento umravlesoba), aseve nacionaluri moZraobis 2 warmomadgenlis gancxadebebi (1 saparlamento umciresoba, 1 arasaparlamento
opozicia). sekularuli saxelmwifos principebis Seusabamo
gancxadeba gaakeTes koalicia qarTuli ocnebis 5-ma wevrma
saparlamento umravlesobidan da arasaparlamento opoziciis 2-ma warmomadgenelma (qristian-demokratebi, qarTuli
dasi).

sekularuli saxelmwifos principebs ar Seesabameba

Semdegi politikuri subieqtebis gancxadebebi:
saparlamento umravlesoba
adamianis uflebaTa dacvisa da samoqalaqo integraciis
komitetis Tavmjdomarem eka beseliam aRniSna, rom uwmindesis
pozicia sayuradReboa (netgazeTi, 2014 wlis 4 dekemberi).
sapatriarqos avtoritetze yuradReba gaamaxvila aseve koalicia qarTuli ocnebis wevrma, parlamentis vice-spikerma manana
kobaZixem: patriarqis pozicias Cven yurs vugdebT, yuradsaRebia da mniSvnelovania (2013 wlis 4 dekemberi; netgazeTi).
saqarTvelos parlamentis dargobrivi ekonomikisa da ekonomikuri politikis komitetis Tavmjdomare zurab tyemalaZem
aRiara, rom sakomiteto ganxilvis gadadebis mizezi patriarqis pozicia iyo (tabula, tyemalaZe: sakomiteto ganxilvis
gadadebis erT-erTi mizezi patriarqi iyo, 5 dekemberi, 2013
weli).
patriarqTan Sexvedra da TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqsis gadaxedva dadebiTad Seafasa umravlesobis wevrma irakli sesiaSvil96

mac: rodesac sapatriarqom gancxadeba gaakeTa TviTmmarTvelobis reformaze, mTavroba, bunebrivia, ecdeboda Sexvedras
(tabula, tyemalaZe: sakomiteto ganxilvis gadadebis erT-erTi mizezi patriarqi iyo, 5 dekemberi, 2013 weli).
saparlamento umravlesobis wevrma viqtor doliZem presasTan ganacxada, rom xelisufleba sazogadoebis nebismieri warmomadgenlis, miT ufro, kaTolikos-patriarqis mosazrebebs
aucileblad gaiTvaliswinebs.

Cven vusmenT uwmindess da unda vusmendeT kidec, imitom, rom

Zalian bevr saintereso da Wkvianur ideas gvTavazobs xolme
(5 dekemberi, 2013, sainformacio saagento pirveli).
sekularuli saxelmwifos principebs ar Seesabameboda koalicia qarTuli ocnebis deputatis, soso jaWvlianis gancxadebebi:

mandati ki ara, patriarqi yvela mandatze didia... yvela

sakiTxs patriarqs unda vuTanxmebdeT sulierebis gadasarCenad... (6 dekemberi, 2013 weli, tabula, citatebi).
jaWvlianma gaakritika deputati Tamar korZaia, radgan man
patriarqis gancxadeba xelisuflebis funqciebSi Carevad Seafasa. rogorc korZaiam aRniSna, patriarqis gancxadebas erTaderTi mizani aqvs, rom TviTmmarTvelobis reforma ar ganxorcieldes, korZaiam socialur qsel feisbuqSi dawera: xom ar
jobda erTi saparlamento mandati gadagveca patriarqisTvis?!

arasaparlamento opozicia
partia qarTuli dasis liderma jondi baRaTuriam gazeT
asaval-dasavalTan interviuSi aRniSna, rom patriarqis kritikis gamo korZaia mosaxleobam parlamentidan unda gamoiyvanos. baRaTuriam politikur Zalebs, romlebmac TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb kodeqss mxari dauWires, antiqarTuli Zalebi
uwoda (asaval-dasavali, 2013 wlis 9-15 dekemberi, gv. 7).

97

qristian-demokratiuli moZraobis lideri levan vefxvaZe:

kargia, rom xelisufleba wavida daTmobaze da sabWoebi im
formiT, ra formiTac Tavidan iyo gaTvaliswinebuli, aRar
Seiqmneba, ar iqneba es sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli pirebi
da qveynis separaciis safrTxe aRar iarsebebs (2013 wlis 10
dekemberi; for.ge; TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqsi rogor iqmneba
produqti).

politikuri subieqtis gancxadeba

Seesabameba sekularuli saxelmwifos principebs:
koalicia qarTuli ocnebis warmomadgenelma Tamar korZaiam patriarqis gancxadeba eklesiis saxelisuflebo funqciebSi Carevad
Seafasa (2013 wlis 4 dekemberi, tabula, korZaia: xom ar jobda
erTi saparlamento mandati gadagveca patriarqisTvis?!).
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sasuliero ierarqis mowodebis deputatiseuli Sefaseba gadaWarbebulia. sekularizmi saeklesio da
saero xelisuflebis separacias gulisxmobs. am dros xelisufleba icavs religiur neitralitets, ar ereva religiuri institutebis saqmianobaSi da arc sasuliero liderebs aZlevs
politikuri Zalauflebis ganxorcielebis saSualebas. Tumca, sasuliero pirs, iseve, rogorc nebismier moqalaqes, aqvs sityvisa
da azris gamoxatvis Tavisufleba.

ar SeiZleba patriarqi akeTebdes gancxadebas imis Taobaze, rom

riskebs Seicavs TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqsi, romelic, darwmunebuli var, naxevarze mets wakiTxuli ara aqvs Tavidan bolomde. amitom, Tu patriarqi mouwodebs sazogadoebas aqtiuri
diskusiisaken, man Sefaseba ar unda gaakeTos, ra riskebs Seicavs
es kodeqsi (2013 wlis 4 dekemberi, netgazeTi, Tamar korZaia:
sapatriarqo zedmetad ereva saxelisuflebo saqmianobaSi).
aRniSnul konteqstSi, saparlamento umravlesobis wevris,
daviT usufaSvilis Sefaseba yvelaze adekvaturia da sekularuli saxelmwifos principebs Seesabameba.
98

daviT usufaSvili: Tu gvinda, rom civilizebuli qveyana

avaSenoT, maSin unda SeveguoT imas, rom saqarTvelo aris
yvelasi maT Soris, religiuri moRvawisac. patriarqi midis
arCevnebze da xmas aZlevs, amitom mas aqvs sruli ufleba da
Tavisufleba gamoxatos Tavisi mosazrebebi. Careva mxolod
maSin iqneba, Tu xelisufleba Carevs vinmes Tavis saqmeSi
(2013 wlis 6 dekemberi, telekompania rusTavi 2, gadacema
pozicia).

saparlamento umciresoba
saparlamento umciresobis erT-erTma liderma, pavle
kublaSvilma, telekompania rusTavi 2-is gadacema poziciaSi xazi gausva religiisa da saxelmwifos separaciisa da
sekularobis principebis dacvis mniSvnelobas.
pavle kublaSvili: ver gavige, saerTod rom araferi Tqmuliyo patriarqisgan, es kanonproeqti ar unda waekiTxaT, Tu naklebad aqtualuri iyo is reforma, romelic xorcieldeba?
TavisTavad es gancxadebebi arabunebrivia, rom ai, radgan patriarqma mogviwoda, amitom wavikiTxavT am kanonproeqts...
me vfiqrob, rom mTavari problema aris politikisa da religiis, politikisa da eklesiis gamijvna da es ase unda moxdes (2013 wlis 6 dekemberi, rusTavi 2, gadacema pozicia).
kublaSvilis msgavsad, erTiani nacionaluri moZraobis mdivanma sagareo sakiTxebSi giga bokeriamac isaubra patriarqis gancxadebaze da religiisa da saxelmwifos urTierTgamijvnis aucileblobas gausva xazi.
giga bokeria: saubari separatizmis gaRvivebasa da qveynis
daSlis gegmaze ukeTes SemTxvevaSi aris sruli gauazrebloba
da CemTvis kategoriulad miuRebelia. unda gvesmodes, rom
saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo da eklesia gayofilia... (2013 wlis
7 dekemberi, tabula, bokeria: unda gvesmodes, rom saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo da eklesia gayofilia).

99

1.6. patriarqis 2014 wlis saSobao epistole

patriarqis 2014 wlis saSobao epistoles, romelic bavSvTa da
qalTa uflebebisa da sazogadod, umciresobebis jgufebisa
da maTi uflebebis damcveli organizaciebis winaaRmdeg iyo
mimarTuli, gamoexmaura 10 politikosi. maTgan 7 subieqtis
(3 mTavroba, koalicia qarTuli ocneba, 2 saparlamento
umravlesoba, koalicia qarTuli ocneba, 2 saparlamento
umciresoba, nacionaluri moZraoba) gancxadeba Seesabameboda sekularuli saxelmwifos principebs, 3 ki ara. maT
Soris iyo mTavrobis warmomadgeneli 1 subieqti koalicia
qarTuli ocnebidan, 1 koalicia qarTuli ocnebis wevri saparlamento umravlesobaSi da 1 arasaparlamento opoziciis
warmomadgeneli partia Tavisufali saqarTvelo.
mTavrobis 1-ma warmomadgenelma gamoiyena seqsualuri orientaciis niSniT diskriminaciuli terminebi.
xelisuflebis zogierTma warmomadgenelma gamoxata patriarqis sawinaaRmdego mosazreba, zogierTma ki sajaro gancxadebisgan Tavi Seikava. magaliTad, saqarTvelos premier-ministrma irakli RaribaSvilma Jurnalistebis kiTxvaze, eTanxmeba Tu ara epistoleSi gamoTqmul mosazrebebs, aRniSna, rom
am sakiTxSi ufro kompetenturi adamianebis rCeva sWirdeba
(netgazeTi, 16 ianvari, 2014 weli).

politikuri subieqtebis gancxadeba ar Seesabameba

sekularuli saxelmwifos principebs:
saqarTvelos mTavroba
sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis ministrma sozar subarma Tavis gancxadebaSi mxari dauWira qadagebas, TviTidentificireba
moaxdina dominant religiur jgufTan da xazi gausva patriarqis moralur upiratesobas.

100

rodesac Cven vambobT, rom erTi mxriv, es aris qveyana, sadac TiTqmis 90% am eklesiis Svilia da am eklesiis mrevlia,
am dros es sityvebi, romelic modis misi mRvdelmTavrisgan,
unda miviRoT imitom, rom es aris safuZveli qveynis simtkicis
(netgazeTi, 2014 wlis 7 ianvari, sozar subari: ojaxis siwmindeze aseTi aqcentebis gakeTeba ar aris SemTxveviTi).

saparlamento umravlesoba
adamianis uflebaTa dacvisa da samoqalaqo integraciis
komitetis Tavmjdomare eka beseliam ganacxada, rom Zalian
didi sifrTxilea saWiro iseT Temebze saubrisas, rogoricaa
patriarqis saSobao epistole. beseliam aRniSna, rom kritikiT
xSirad patriarqs daumsaxureblad guls stkenen. beseliam
dadebiTad Seafasa patriarqis epistoleSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi, misi TqmiT, eklesiis winamZRolma isaubra qristianul
swavlebaze, ojaxur tradiciebze da mas ar mouwodebia surogaciis gziT gaCenili bavSvebis uflebebis Selaxvisken.

patriarqs ar uTqvams, rom SevlaxoT uflebebi am bavSvebis

an ar gviyvardes, ar miviRoT isini da xeli vkraT daumorCilebel colebs... netav SevZloT iseTi mimtevebloba, iseTi
siyvaruliT da sikeTiT erTi dRe cxovreba, rogorc es patriarqma SeZlo(2014 wlis 9 ianvari, tabula, eka beselia: surogacia CvenTan biznesi da trefikingis wyaro gaxda).

arasaparlamento opozicia
partia Tavisufali saqarTvelos liderma kaxa kukavam
asaval-dasavalTan saubrisas sapatriarqosTan gamarTul
aqcias, romlis monawileebi xelovnuri ganayofierebis gziT
gaCenili bavSvebis Sesaxeb epistoleSi gamoTqmul mosazrebas
kritikulad afasebdnen, saxelmwifo usafrTxoebis winaaRmdeg gadadgmuli nabiji uwoda.
kaxa kukava: diax, saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan aqciis gamarTva da siZulviliT gaJRenTili is plakatebi, romlebic ninia
kakabaZesa da mis damqaSebs eWiraT, aris saqarTvelos kaTo101

likos-patriarqze xelis aRmarTva (2014 wlis 13-19 ianvari,

asaval-dasavali, N2, gv. 9, interviu kaxa kukavasTan).

politikuri subieqtebis gancxadeba Seesabameba

sekularuli saxelmwifos principebs:
saqarTvelos prezidenti giorgi margvelaSvili gamoexmaura
sapatriarqosTan aqciis darbevis faqts da aRniSna, rom Rirseuli, Tavisufali adamianebis sazogadoebaSi sruliad gaumarTlebelia Zaladoba nebismieri sababiT (2014 wlis 9 ianvari; netgazeTi: prezidenti sapatriarqosTan momxdar incidents exmaureba).
patriarqis epistole kritikulad Seafases iusticiis ministrma Tea wulukianma da premier-ministris TanaSemwem Tamar
CugoSvilma, saparlamento umciresoba erTiani nacionaluri
moZraobidan daviT darCiaSvilma da zurab jafariZem, koalicia qarTuli ocnebis warmomadgenelma Tamar korZaiam.
umravlesobis wevrma zviad kvaWantiraZem kritikuli SeniSvnebi gamoTqva epistoles Sinaarsobriv nawilze, Tumca, dasZina, rom ar sjera, rom es yvelaferi patriarqis surviliT
gaJRerda (2014 wlis 7 ianvari; tabula, zviad kvaWantiraZe:
ar mjera, rom es yvelaferi patriarqis surviliT gaJRerda).

1.7. mTavrobis iniciativa oTxi konfesiis

dafinansebasTan dakavSirebiT
2014 wlis 27 ianvris dadgenilebis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos mTavrobam pirdapiri, dotaciuri dafinanseba gamouyo saqarTvelos sapatriarqos garda, kidev oTx religiur gaerTianebas.
aRniSnuli iniciativis mixedviT, dafinansebis gareSe darCnen
sxva religiuri gaerTianebebi, rac TavisTavad konfesiebis
ranJirebis mankier praqtikas warmoadgens.

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dafinansebis aRniSnul modelSi arsebuli xarvezebisa da sxva

religiuri gaerTianebebis mimarT diskriminaciuli politikis miuxedavad, zogierTma politikosma oTxi religiuri
gaerTianebis dafinansebis Sesaxeb kritikuli mosazreba gamoTqva.
magaliTad, arasaparlamento opoziciis warmomadgenelma dimitri lorTqifaniZem iniciativas xelisuflebis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli qmedeba uwoda. misi
TqmiT, saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso liberaluri sazogadoebis
winaSe aqvs aRebuli valdebulebebi yvelanairi umciresobis
(maT Soris seqsualuri da religiuri) dacvis Sesaxeb, Tundac sakuTari religiis dakninebis, Seuracxyofis xarjze.
dimitri lorTqifaniZe: laparakia ukve ara konfesiebis, aramed sxva religiuri mimarTulebebis dafinansebaze, rac yvelafers Tavi rom davaneboT, saxelmwifosa da eklesias Soris
gaformebuli konkordatiT ukanono faqtia. vinmem dasva kiTxva: Tu Cven somxur grigorianul eklesias davafinansebT,
amiT somxuri eklesia uars ityvis sadavo taZrebze? am kiTxvas aravin svams da modi, Cven davsvaT asaval-dasavalSi
(asaval-dasavali, 2014 wlis 3-9 ianvari, N5, gv. 35).

1.8. antidiskriminaciuli kanonproeqtis ganxilva

diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb kanonproeqtis ganxilvisas sajaro diskursSi kidev erTxel gamoikveTa saxelmwifoSi sekularizmis kuTxiT arsebuli gamowvevebi.
parlamentma kanoni pirveli mosmeniT 2014 wlis 17 aprils miiRo, Tumca, sapatriarqos moTxovniT, masSi Sevida cvlilebebi, romlebic kanonis interpretacias dominanti religiuri
jgufis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT gvTavazobs. magaliTad,
ararelevanturia specialuri miTiTebis gakeTeba imis Taobaze, rom kanonis arc erTi debuleba ar SeiZleba ganimartos
ise, rom igi ewinaaRmdegebodes saxelmwifosa da saqarTvelos
samociqulo avtokefalur marTlmadidebel eklesias Soris
konstituciur SeTanxmebas.
103

kanonis damtkicebamde, saqarTvelos sapatriarqom uaryofiTad Seafasa kanonproeqtSi umciresobaTa jgufebis dacvis Sesaxeb konkretuli miTiTebebi. marTlmadidebeli sasuliero
pirebisa da arasaparlamento opoziciis nawili moiTxovda,
rom kanonmdeblebs diskriminaciis safuZvlebis niSnebis CamonaTvalidan seqsualuri orientacia amoeRoT.
aRsaniSnavia, rom kanonproeqtis ganxilvas arasaparlamento
opoziciis warmomadgenlebsa da arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan erTad, sasuliero pirebi da marTlmadidebel mSobelTa
kavSiris wevrebi eswrebodnen. dekanozi daviT isakaZe im deputatebs, romlebic kanonproeqts mxars dauWerdnen, anaTemaze gadacemiT daemuqra.75 miuxedavad imisa, rom politikosebis
umravlesoba aRniSnavda, rom kanons mxari dauWira, maTi gancxadebebi xSir SemTxvevaSi erTi konfesiis midgomebs gamoxatavda da sapatriarqo sxva umciresobaTa jgufebTan SedarebiT preferencirebul konteqstSi iyo moxseniebuli. aseve,
politikur narativSi gamoikveTa nacionaluri da religiuri
identobebis gaigivebis tendencia.
antidiskriminaciuli kanonproeqtis Sesaxeb gancxadeba gaakeTa 21-ma politikurma subieqtma, romelTagan mxolod 8 maTganis gancxadeba Seesabameboda sekularuli saxelmwifos principebs, 13-is ki gamoxatavda sapatriarqos interesebs.
subieqtebi, visi gancxadebac Seesabameboda sekularuli saxelmwifos principebs: mTavroba qarTuli ocneba (1), saparlamento umravlesoba qarTuli ocneba (4), saparlamento umciresoba nacionaluri moZraoba (2), arasaparlamento politikuri
subieqti qarTuli ocneba (1).
sekularuli saxelmwifos principebs ar Seesabameboda Semdegi
subieqtebis gancxadebebi: mTavroba qarTuli ocneba (4), saparlamento umravlesoba (8), arasaparlamento opozicia Tavisufali saqarTvelo (1).

75

104

http://cp.ge/ge/statiacci.php?ID=14905.

amasTan, 3 SemTxvevaSi politikosebi axdendnen diskriminacias

seqsualuri orientaciis niSniT: saparlamento umravlesoba
qarTuli ocneba (1), mTavroba qarTuli ocneba (1), arasaparlamento opozicia qarTuli dasi (1).
saqarTvelos prezidentma giorgi margvelaSvilma ganacxada,
rom antidiskriminaciuli kanonis miuRebloba saqarTvelos
evropaSi integracias Seaferxebs. gadacema pirvel studiaSi
prezidentma xazi gausva sakuTar religiur kuTvnilebas da
kanonis mniSvneloba qristianuli msoflmxedvelobis prizmidan ganixila.

me im religias vekuTvni, romelic ambobs, rom vinc ucodvelia, man pirvelma isrolos qva, es is religiaa, romelSic
macxovari ambobs, rom sakuTar TvalSi dires ver xedavT da
sxvaTa TvalSi xedavT bewvs. es is religiaa, romelmac mTavari
aqcenti ara ubralod moyvasis siyvarulze, aramed mtris Seyvarebaze gadaitana. Sesabamisad, nebismieri Cagvra, misi legitimacia CemTvis ara ubralod rogorc Tanamedrove samyaros
warmomadgenlisTvis, rogorc politikosisTvis, rogorc adamianisTvis, romelsac unda rom saqarTvelo evropuli gziT wavides, aramed rogorc qristianisTvis miuRebelia (30 aprili,
2014, axali ambebis portali new posts, giorgi margvelaSvili:
antidiskriminaciuli kanonis miRebiT aravin dazaraldeba).

gancxadebebi gamoxatavs sapatriarqos interesebs:

saqarTvelos mTavroba
premier-ministri irakli RaribaSvili gamoexmaura saqarTvelos patriarqis gancxadebas da aRniSna, rom ilia meore brZeni adamiania da man kargad icis, rasac akeTebs. misi TqmiT, kanonproeqti ar uqmnis safrTxes qveynis tradiciebsa da faseulobebs (30 aprili 2014, tabula, RaribaSvili: ar miviRebT
kanons, romelic qveynis interesebs safrTxes Seuqmnis).

105

iusticiis ministrma Tea wulukianma saero da sasuliero xelisuflebis erTianobas gausva xazi da dasZina, rom yvelas
movaleobaa, Cveni sazogadoebis yvelaze TvalSi sacemi, pativsacemi piri, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ar
anerviulos (30 aprili, 2014, tabula, wulukiani: iseTi araferia, ramac erSi Tu berSi, vinme SeiZleba, SeaSfoTos).
afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis kulturisa da ganaTlebis ministrma dimitri jaianma asaval-dasavalTan interviuSi antidiskriminaciul kanonproeqtze saubrisas aRniSna, rom
saqarTveloSi umravlesobis uflebebi ilaxeba da marTlmadidebeli mrevli preferencirebul konteqstSi moixsenia.
dimitri jaiani: ager, batono Cemo, mama gabrielis wminda
nawilebs milionamde adamianma miago pativi! am xalxs ra vuTxraT? am xalxs ara aqvs aTaswlovani rwmenisa da kulturis,
tradiciebisa da ojaxis dacvis ufleba?! yvela gamokiTxviT,
98 procenti emxroba da ndobas ucxadebs Cvens uwmindessa
da dedaeklesias! sad gagonila, rom orma procentma Tavis
Wkuaze ataros qveyana! RvTismSoblis wilxvedri miwa! Tanac
es ukuRmarT dReze gaCenilebi da maTi kudebi xom is 2 procentic ar arian?! (2014 wlis 21-27 aprili, asaval-dasavali,
N16, gv. 16).

saparlamento umravlesoba
saqarTvelos parlamentis vice-spikerma, umravlesobis wevrma
manana kobaxiZem parlamentis iuridiuli komitetis sxdomaze,
sadac marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sasuliero pirebsa da arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan erTad antidiskriminaciul kanons ganixilavdnen, aqcenti umravlesobis uflebebis dacvaze
gaakeTa.

weRan mamaom brZana, Tu Cemi ufleba dairRveva, vin daicavso. davicavT, mamao, namdvilad Tqvens uflebas, Tuki am kanonis miRebis Semdeg, Tqven dagemuqrebaT raime, imis gamo, rom
Tqven iqadageT da TqviT, rom es [homoseqsualoba] aris codva.
eklesiam unda Tqvas, rom es [homoseqsualoba] aris codva da
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RmerTma nu qnas, rom eklesiam es ar Tqvas (29 aprili, 2014,

tabula, verbatimi).
adamianis uflebaTa dacvisa da samoqalaqo integraciis komitetis Tavmjdomarem eka beseliam aRniSna, rom kanonis Sinaarsobrivi nawilis dasaxvewad konsultaciebs sasuliero pirebTan gadis (27 aprili, 2014, netgazeTi). misive TqmiT, SesaZloa
kanonmdeblebma ar asaxon kanonSi is punqtebi, romlebsac sasuliero pirebi safrTxis Semcvelad miiCneven.
eka beselia: Cven mzad varT gavagrZeloT dialogi sasuliero pirebTan da vesaubroT im adamianebs, romlebic kanonSi
xedaven iseT safrTxeebs, romelic ar Caideba. ar iqneba iseTi
Sedegebic, romelzec gancxadebebi sajarod keTdeba. mniSvnelovania, erTmaneTis poziciebi davaaxlooT da gavigoT (30
aprili 2014, tabula, eka beselia: mzad varT, gavagrZeloT
dialogi sasuliero pirebTan).
adamianis uflebaTa dacvisa da samoqalaqo integraciis komitetis Tavmjdomaris moadgilem gedevan fofxaZem 16 aprils
telekompania tabulas eTerSi, gadacema fokusSi ganacxada,
rom misTvis misi religiuri kuTvnileba ufro mniSvnelovania,
vidre deputatis mandati.

SeiZleba me vcdebi da am kanoniT rame zaraldeba moralis

TvalsazrisiT. me mgonia, rom piriqiT es antidiskriminaciuli kanonmdebloba adamianebis uflebebis standarts ufro
maRal safexurze ayenebs. magram Tu vinme ityvis, rom amiT
zaraldeba sayovelTaod aRiarebuli moraluri standartebi,
esec aris samarTlebrivi kategoria da unda SevjerdeT amaze, dasabuTeba bolomde unda movisminoT (tabula, gedevan
fofxaZe: CemTvis Cemi religiuri kuTvnileba deputatobaze
ufro mniSvnelovania, 16 aprili, 2014 weli).
koalicia qarTuli ocnebis warmomadgenelma ivane kiRuraZem
aRniSna, rom rogorc yvela normalur qarTvels, masac Zalian
uyvars patriarqi da swored amitom dauWira mxari kanons (2014
wlis 5-11 maisi, asaval-dasavali, me-18 nomeri, gv. 10).
107

koalicia qarTuli ocnebis warmomadgenlis, soso jaWvlianis ganmartebiT, man kanonproeqts mxari mas Semdeg dauWira,
rac darwmunda, rom masSi eklesiisTvis miuRebeli punqtebi
ar arsebobs.
soso jaWvliani: Cveni dedaeklesiis warmomadgenlebi ise
laparakoben, rogorc unda laparakobdnen... vidre kanons miviRebdiT, iuristebsac vesaubre da damarwmunes, rom am kanonSi
eklesiisTvis miuRebeli da sagangaSo araferia (2014 wlis 5-11
maisi, asaval-dasavali, me-18 nomeri, gv. 10).
koalicia qarTuli ocnebis wevrma gubaz sanikiZem 1-el maiss
parlamentis plenarul sxdomaze sityviT gamosvlisas antidiskriminaciuli kanonis miRebis aucileblobaze isaubra da
aseve gaakritika arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, romlebic
eklesias dartymis qveS ayeneben.

eklesia aris Cveni sindisi, xandaxan Segvawuxebs da SevwuxdeT,

araferi ar gviWirs da dartymis qveS nu vayenebT amas. eklesia
da xelisufleba ganwiruli varT TanamSromlobisTvis, sxva
gza ara gvaqvs, imitom, rom dagvemxoba es qveyana (netgazeTi,
sanikiZe: ruis-urbnisis ganCinebaSi weria seqsualur umciresobebze, 1 maisi, 2014).
koalicia qarTuli ocnebis wevrma, saparlamento umravlesobis warmomadgenelma nukri qanTariam, gazeT asaval-dasavalTan saubrisas ganacxada, rom xelisufleba ar dauSvebs
im Rirebulebebis propagandas, rasac eklesia ewinaaRmdegeba
(asaval-dasavali, me-18 nomeri, gv. 10, 2014 wlis 5-11 maisi).
koalicia qarTuli ocnebis warmomadgenelma zviad kvaWantiraZem feisbuqis pirad gverdze ganmarta, rom marTlmadidebeli eklesiis moTxovniT kanonSi Sevida me-5 muxli, romlis
Tanaxmadac, srulad aris daculi eklesiis damoukidebloba.
kanoni maqsimalurad morgebulia qarTul realobas da yvela
niuansi maqsimalurad gaTvaliswinebulia (28 aprili, 2014).

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arasaparlamento opozicia
burjanaZe erTiani opoziciis Tbilisis merobis kandidati
dimitri lorTqifaniZe saparlamento ganxilvebis dros antidiskriminaciuli kanonproeqtis avtorebs akritikebda imis gamo,
rom parlamentSi inicirebamde dokumentis ganxilva sapatriarqosTan ar momxdara. misi azriT, kanonproeqtis miRebisas mniSvnelovani iyo saxelmwifos sapatriarqos mosazreba gaeziarebina.
dimitri lorTqifaniZe: zustad es aris diskriminacia. iseT
mniSvnelovan institutTan, rogoric aris eklesia, ar yofila
ganxiluli es kanonproeqti. netgazeTi, isakaZe: antidiskriminaciuli kanoni ilia meoresTan da qorepiskoposebTan ar
ganxilula, 2014 wlis 16 aprili).
partia Tavisufali saqarTvelos xelmZRvanelma kaxa kukavam
antidiskriminaciul kanonproeqts mxari ar dauWira da ganacxada, rom aRniSnul sakiTxSi sapatriarqos pozicias iziarebs.
kaxa kukava: me asi procentiT viziareb eklesiis pozicias da
vacxadeb, rom es antidiskriminaciuli kanoni pirdapir ewinaaRmdegeba Cvens erovnul da saxelmwifoebriv interesebs! saqarTveloSi diskriminaciis momxre aravin aris da Zaladobas
aravin amarTlebs, arc eklesia da arc opozicia. saqme isaa,
rom pirvelad saqarTvelos istoriaSi am xelisuflebam qarTul kanonmdeblobaSi Cawera terminebi seqsualuri orientacia da genderuli identoba (asaval-dasavali, me-18 nomeri,
gv. 15, 2014 wlis 5-11 maisi).

gancxadebebi Seesabameba sekularuli

saxelmwifos principebs:
saqarTvelos mTavroba
Serigebisa da samoqalaqo Tanasworobis sakiTxebSi saxelmwifo ministrma paata zaqareiSvilma kanonproeqti dadebiTad
109

Seafasa da aRniSna, rom gadamwyveti sityva kanonmdeblebs

unda ekuTvnodeT.

kanonproeqti, romelic mTavrobam daamtkica, CemTvis misaRebia. veTanxmebi da mgonia, rom unda gavides zustad ise,
rogorc Cven vTvliT, magram parlamenti aris ufro maRali organo, Sesabamisad, mas aqvs Tavisi xedvebi. aqvs ufleba,
garkveulwilad Secvalos proeqti da koreqtivebi Seitanos.
sazogadoebaSi arsebuli sxvadasxva damokidebuleba ki bunebrivia. saboloo jamSi, vfiqrob, politikuri gadawyvetileba
unda iyos miRebuli (1 maisi, 2014, tabula, zaqareiSvili:
antidiskriminaciuli kanonproeqti CemTvis misaRebia).

saparlamento umravlesoba
parlamentis Tavmjdomarem daviT usufaSvilma oponentebis
sapasuxod, romlebic kanonmdeblebs geipropagandaSi adanaSaulebdnen, ganucxada, rom antidiskriminaciuli kanoni
gansxvavebuli seqsualuri orientaciis propagandas ar emsaxureba da kanonis amocana umciresobaTa jgufebis Zaladobisgan dacvaa. man aseve xazgasmiT aRniSna, rom diskriminaciis
safuZvlebis niSnebis CamonaTvalidan seqsualur orientacias
ar amoiReben, radgan es principuli sakiTxia da saxelmwifo
Zaladobas ar dauSvebs (tabula, usufaSvili: ar wamoegoT
spekulaciebs antidiskriminaciul kanonTan dakavSirebiT).
TinaTin xidaSelma gadacema poziciaSi mTavrobasa da eklesias Soris antidiskriminaciuli kanonis gamo dapirispirebis faqti uaryo.

is faqti, rom aseTi tipis kanoniT bednieri ar aris sasuliero pirebis nawili. es normaluria... diskriminaciis akrZalva sWirdeba qarTul saxelmwifos. iseTebi unda miviRoT
adamianebi, rogorebic arian... (2 maisi 2014, rusTavi 2 ,
gadacema pozicia).
koalicia qarTuli ocnebis deputatma Tamar korZaiam aRiara, rom xelisufleba garkveul daTmobebze wavida sapatriar110

qosTan, Tumca, am kompromisis Sedegad miRebul cvlilebebs

Tavad deputati ar iziarebs.

warmodgenil kanonproeqtSi, romelsac Cven ganvixilavT,

me-5 muxlis me-2 punqti, romelic exeba imas, rom konstituciur SeTanxmebas am kanonis arc erTi debuleba ar unda ewinaaRmdegebodes, aris sruliad zedmeti debuleba. magram am
debulebas ar vaprotesteb, rogorc parlamentisa da umravlesobis wevri, imitom, rom es iyo SeTanxmeba da es iyo im
molaparakebis Sedegi, rac swored sapatriarqosTan mimdinareobda, rogorc erT-erT instituciasTan qveyanaSi... swored
maTi moTxovna rom iyo aseTi, Cven es davafiqsireT. Tumca,
vTvli, rom am kanonSi is ar unda iyos (28 aprili 2014, tabula, korZaia: kanonproeqti dacvis meqanizmebis kuTxiT cota
unda gamovacocxloT).
levan berZeniSvilma antidiskriminaciuli kanonproeqtis
gamo sapatriarqos winaaRmdegoba Seafasa, rogorc ganaTlebasTan gaunaTleblobis dapirispireba.

instituti, romelic sabWoTa periodSi diskriminaciis sagani

TviTon iyo, diskriminaciisTvis ar unda ibrZodes. piriqiT,
mxarSi unda gvedges da gvexmarebodes, rom aravis diskriminacia ar moxdes, maT Soris religiuri motiviT (30 aprili
2014, tabula, levan berZeniSvili: ganaTlebas gaunaTlebloba upirispirdeba).

saparlamento umciresoba
erTiani nacionaluri moZraobis warmomadgenelma pavle kublaSvilma gadacema poziciaSi aRniSna, rom politikosebma
dominanti religiuri jgufisadmi kuTvnileba sakuTari legitimaciis wyarod ar unda gamoiyenon.
pavle kublaSvili: konsesusi, pirvel rigSi, politikur
Zalebs Soris unda iyos, rom ar arsebobdes problemebi adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebiT, gansxvavebuli adamianis,
gansxvavebuli mrwamsis gamo CagvrasTan dakavSirebiT, sxva111

dasxva mizezis gamo diskriminaciasTan dakavSirebiT. es problemebi unda gadawyviton politikosebma. zogierTi politikosi cdilobs, gamoiyenos garkveuli religiuri grZnobebi, rom Tavisi pozicia daamkvidros (2 maisi 2014, rusTavi
2, gadacema pozicia).
nacionaluri moZraobis warmomadgenelma parlamentSi giorgi gabaSvilma gadacema poziciaSi xazi gausva umciresobaTa
jgufebis dacvis mniSvnelobas.
giorgi gabaSvili: saqarTvelo Sedgeba sxvadasxva eTnikuri,
religiuri, seqsualuri warmomadgenlebisgan, Cven unda vicxovroT erTad da unda viswavloT, rom arc erT jgufs, miT
umetes, yvelaze dids, eTnikurad qarTvelebs, marTlmadideblebs, ar gvaqvs ufleba sxvisi uflebebis xarjze Cveni uflebebi davicvaT (2 maisi, 2014, rusTavi 2, gadacema pozicia).

arasaparlamento opozicia
sekularobis principebs Seesabameboda arasaparlamento opoziciis warmomadgenlis, daviT zurabiSvilis gancxadeba, romelmac xazi gausva saeklesio da saero xelisuflebis gamijvnis aucileblobas.
daviT zurabiSvili: saqarTvelo aris sekularuli saxelmwifo da, bunebrivia, eklesias SeuZlia, gamoTqvas mosazreba
konkretul sakiTxebze, magram prerogativa aqvs saqarTvelos
parlaments da erTiani poziciaa, rom es kanoni unda iyos
swrafad miRebuli (29 aprili, 2014, rusTavi 2, gadacema
arCevani).

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religiis safuZvelze diskriminaciis aRkveTisa da sekularizmis TvalsazrisiT, saqarTvelos sagadasaxado da sabaJo,
zogad da umaRles ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebul kanonmdeblobaSi, saxelmwifo qonebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonSi, religiis sakiTxTa saxelmwifo saagentos mandatsa da religiuri
gaerTianebebisTvis sabWoTa kavSiris dros miyenebuli zianis
anazRaurebis wesSi arsebobs xarvezebi. es sakanonmdeblo CarCosa da religiis Tavisuflebis dacvis kuTxiT saxelmwifo
praqtikis analizma aCvena. Tumca, religiuri umciresobebis
mwvave problemebi ganpirobebulia ara normatiuli aqtebiT,
aramed am aqtebis diskriminaciuli aRsrulebis wesiT. es ikveTeba sxvadasxva sferos sajaro moxeleebis qcevaSi mSeneblobis nebarTvebis gacema, sisxlissamarTlebrivi da administraciulsamarTlebrivi marTlmsajulebis aRsruleba religiuri
SeuwynareblobiT motivirebul danaSaulebsa Tu sabWoTa kavSiris dros CamorTmeul sakuTrebaze, gansakuTrebiT, sakulto nagebobebze uflebebis aRdgena.
mediaSi gamoqveynebuli sajaro gancxadebebis mimoxilvidan
Cans, rom religiasa da religiur instanciebTan ama Tu im
saxiT dakavSirebuli mniSvnelovani movlenebis komentirebisas, politikosebi, saxelmwifo da sajaro moxeleebi, zogjer
ar icaven religiuri neitralurobis princips da situacias
afaseben mikerZoebulad, piradi religiuri poziciidan an
meinstrimuli religiuri koniunqturidan gamomdinare.
kvlevaSi gamoikveTa, rom sajaro moxeleebi umravlesobis
dakveTiT religiuri umciresobebisadmi xSirad diskriminaciul politikas axorcieleben. es religiuri gaerTianebebis
uflebebis uxeS darRvevasa da saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mimarT preferen113

ciul mopyrobaSi vlindeba. Sesabamisad, religiur gaerTianebebs ar eZlevaT saSualeba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT
garantirebuli uflebebiT Tanabrad isargeblon. aRniSnuli
mdgomareoba saqarTvelos xelisuflebis yvela Stos, da gansakuTrebiT prokuraturasa da sasamarTlos gamowvevis winaSe
ayenebs. am struqturebma religiuri umciresobebis interesebze msjelobisas yuradReba unda gaamaxvilon sajaro moxeleTa da yvela sxva piris SesaZlo religiuri Seuwynareblobis
motivze, mkacri kontroli gauwion da efeqturad aRkveTon
religiuri Seuwynareblobis niSniT Cadenili samarTaldarRvevebi gansakuTrebiT, aRniSnuli motiviT uflebamosilebis
borotad gamoyenebis an gadametebis faqtebi. es aucilebeli
nabijia saqarTvelos sekularuli ganviTarebis, tolerantuli garemos damkvidrebisa da religiuri gaerTianebebisTvis
Tanasworobis uzrunvelyofis gzaze.

114