Text Find Find: Editing Group Find:-Replace

The efficiency catalyst
Editing group
Find :- blds }kjk izstsUVs'ku esa fdlh text dks find dj ldrs gSA
Replace : - blds }kjk Find fd;s x;s 'kCn ds LFkku ij u;s 'kCn dks izfrLFkkfir
dj ldrs gSA
Select :- blds }kjk
text or object dks
flysDV dj ldrs gSaA

Formatting Slides
and presentations
Font Group
Font :- blds
}kjk ge
flysDV fd;s Font ds
appearances dks change
dj ldrs gSA
Font tab :- blds }kjk Font
style, font size, font color
underline style, preview
vkfn dks flysDV dj ldrs

gSA
Paragraph group :-
bl
xzqi
ds }kjk ge
Paragraph dk vykbuesUV
Change dj ldrs gS tSls
left, right, center, justify.
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Drawing group
Shapes
Home tab esa tkdj Drawing group esa
ls Shapes dks flysDV djsaxsA
Line esa
tkdj curve dks fDyd djsaxsA

ml txg ij fDyd djsaxs tgk ij draw
djuk gS] vkSj fQj ekml ls drag djsaxsA
Arrange :- blds }kjk ge fdlh slide ds
object dks mldh size vkSj position ds
vuqlkj tek ldrs gSA
Shape fill :- blds }kjk flysDV fd;s x;s Shape dks solid color, Gradient,
Picture or textbox ls fill dj ldrs gSaA
Using graphics and charts
Picture :1. ogka ij click djsaxs tgka ij
picture insert djuk gSA
2- Insert tab esa Illustration

group esa tkdj picture option
ij click djsaxsA
3- ml picture dks search djsaxs
tks pkfg, fQj picture ij double click djsaxs multiple picture dks add djus ds fy,
ctrl key dks press djsaxs vkSj picture ij click djsaxs ftls insert djuk gS vkSj fQj
insert button ij click djsaxsA
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Shape
1. blds }kjk ge viuh slide esa shapes dks draw dj ldrs gSA
2- Insert menu esa tkdj illustration group esa tkdj shape ij click djsaxsA
3- ml shape ij click djsaxs tks pkfg, vkSj mouse pointer dks slide ij draw
djsaxsA
Smart Art :- Smart art toolbar esa ge smart art graphics ls lacaf/kr lHkh izdkj
ds tool dks izkIr dj ldrs gSA smart art toolbar dks active djus ds fy, smart art
graphics ij click djsaxsA
Chart
Create a Chart :- Microsoft Power point esa pkVZ dks cukuk cgqr ljy gksrk gSA
,Dly esa dbZ rjg ds pkVZ gksrs gSA bulVZ VSc ds pkVZ xqzi esa ls fuEufyf[kr izf;k
viuk;saA
pkVZ Vkbi ij fDyd djsa vkSj
pkVZ lc Vkbi esa ls pkVZ dks
pqusA
Data Sheet Open gks tkrh
gSA
Sheet esa data type djsaA
Data Sheet esa data type
djus ij data ds vk/kkj ij
Chart Create gks tkrk gSA
Link Group
Hyperlink :- blds }kjk ge ,d application fd file ls nwljh application dh file
dks link dj ldrs gSA
Steps
1. Slide esa ml text ij click djsaxs tgka ij gesa hyperlink djuk gSA
2- Insert tab esa tkdj link group esa hyperlink option dks flysDV djsaxs ;k fQj
flysDV fd, x, VsDLV ij jkbV fDyd djds hyperlink dj ldrs gS ;k fQj
keyboard ds }kjk ctrl+key dks press djds Hkh hyperlink fd;k tk ldrk gSA
3- Link esa create new document ij Click djsaxsA
4- New document name box esa ubZ QkbZy dk uke Vkbi djsaxsA
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Text Group
Text Box :- blds }kjk ge LykbM esa text box yk ldrs gSA
Header and footer
1- ml LykbM ij click djsaxs
ftlesa gesa header and footer
insert djuk gksA
2- Insert tab esa tkdj header and

footer option ij click djsaxs ;fn
ge lHkh LykbM ij header and
footer apply djuk pkgrs gSa rks
apply to all cVu ij click djsaxsA
Word art
1- ml text dks flysDV djsaxs ftls word
art esa convert djuk gSA
2- Insert tab esa tkdj word art
option dks text group esa ls flysDV
djsaxsA
Signature line :- bl option ds }kjk embedded object dks Insert fd;k tk
ldrk gSA
Symbol :- blds }kjk ml character dks Insert
dj ldrs gSa tks fd keyboard esa ugha gksrs gSA
Media clips
Movie
1. ml slide ij click djsaxs ftlesa gesa Movie
insert djuk gSA
2- Insert tab esa tkdj media clip group esa
movie dks flysDV djsaxsA
3- Movie from file option ij fDyd djsaxs ml
folder dks flysDV djsaxs ftlesa movie gSA
Sound
1. slide tab ij fDyd djsaxsA
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2- ml slide ij fDyd djsaxs ftlesa Sound add djuk gSA

3- Insert tab esa tkdj media clip group esa sound dks flysDV djsaxsA OR
4. Sound from file option ij fDyd djsaxs A ml folder dks search djsaxs ftlesa
sound file gks ml file dks double click djsaxs ftls vki add djuk pkgrs gS ;k
sound from clip organizes ij fDyd djsaxs A scroll }kjk clip art task pane esa
add it to slide option ij fDyd djsaxsA
DESIGN TAB
Page Setup Group

Page Setup :- bl vkWI'ku dk
mi;ksx slide dk vkdkj] yackbZ]
pkSM+kbZ] slide number, slide
theme, font and theme effect
vkfn lsV djus esa fd;k tkrk gSA

Slide Orientation :- blds
}kjk ge Slide dk Orientation change dj ldrs gSA (Portrait or landscape)
Theme Group
Theme group :- Theme dbZ lkjs formatting option dk group gksrk gS ftlesa
Theme colour, theme font, theme effect vkfn dk mi;ksx djrs gSA
Design tab esa theme group esa ls theme option dks flysDV djsaxsA
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Change the color :- Design tab esa tkdj theme group esa ls theme color ij
fDyd djsaxs vkSj dyj dks flysDV djsaxsA

Change the font :- Design tab esa ls
theme group esa theme font ij fDyd djsaxs
vkSj font dks flysDV djsaxsA
Effect :- Design tab esa tkdj theme group
esa theme effect option dks flysDV djsaxs vkSj
Effect dks flysDV djsaxsA
Background Group
Background style :- Theme ds fy;s
Background style select djus ds fy;s
Theme ij jkbZV fDyd djsaxsA
Hide background graphics :- bl vkWI'ku dh enn ls background graphic
dks Nqik;k tkrk gSA

ANIMATION TAB
Preview group :- bl vkWI'ku ds
}kjk ge fdlh slide ij mi;ksx fd;s
x;s ,uhes'ku vkSj LykbM VkatsD'ku

dk Preview ns[k ldrs gSA
Animation Group
Custom Animation :- blds }kjk ge
Custom Animation task pane dks vksiu
dj ldrs gaSA ftlds }kjk ge fdlh

Individual slide object ij effect ns ldrs
gSA
Animation :- bl vkWI'ku ds }kjk ge
slide ds fdlh vkWI'ku ij Animation dks
apply dj ldrs gSA
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Transition to This Slide Group

Transition sound :- blds }kjk ge nks LykbM ds chp esa lkmaM ns ldrs gSA
Transition speed :- Current slide and previous slide ds chp esa Animation
dh speed fdruh rst gksxh ;g ge flysDV dj ldrs gSA
Apply to all :- Presentation esa
lHkh slides ij ykxw djus ds fy,A
tks geus current slide esa lsV fd;k
gksrk gSA
Identifying the different types
of views available
VIEW TAB
Presentation view Group :view tab esa Presentation view
group ds vanj lHkh view miyC/k
gSa] ftlesa ls eq[; view bl izdkj
gSA (Normal, Slidesorts and slide
show).
Normal view :- ;g eq[; editing view gS] tgk ij ge vius Presentation dks
design djrs gSaA Normal view esa 4 eq[; working area gSA outline tab, slider
tab, slide pane, notes pane.
Slide sorter view :- Slide sorter view gesa Slide dks Thumbnail ds :i esa
ns[kus dh lqfo/kk iznku djrk gSA bl view dh lgk;rk ls ge slide ds sequence
dks vjsat dj ldrs gSa vkSj lkFk gh lkFk Presentation dks printing ds fy;s Hkh
vjsat dj ldrs gSA

Notes page view :- Notes page slide pane ds Bhd uhps jgrk gS ftlesa ge
current slide ds fy;s notes fy[k ldrs gSA
Master view :- Master view esa slide hand out, notes view vkfn dks 'kkfey
fd;k tkrk gS] ;g Presentation dh eq[; slide gksrh gS ftlesa Presentation ls
lacaf/kr tkudkjh tSls & background color, font, effect and position dks 'kkfey
fd;k tkrk gSA

Master slide dks mi;ksx djus dk Qk;nk ;g gS fd blds }kjk ge ,d slide esa
fd;s x;s changes dks lHkh slide ij ykxw dj ldrs gSA
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Slide show view :- bl O;w ds ek/;e ls ge vius Presentation dks lHkh dks
fn[kk ldrs gSA ;g O;w iwjh dEI;wVj Lhu ij LykbM dks fMLIys djokrk gSA bl O;w
esa ge ;g ns[k ldrs gSa fd fdl izdkj Graphic, timing, movie effect etc.
display gksaxsA
Show/Hide group :- bl xzqi ds ek/;e ls ge Ruler,
Gridlines, Heading, Formula bar, workflow, server
document information and policy manage dks show or
hide djok ldrs gSA
Zoom Group
blds }kjk ge zoom ls lacaf/kr setting dks cny ldrs gSA
View tab esa tkdj Zoom group esa fit to window option dks flysDV djsaxsA
View tab esa tkdj Zoom group esa zoom ij fDyd djsaxs vkSj Zoom ls lacaf/kr
setting dks apply djsaxsA
Color/Grayscale Group
Colours :- blds }kjk ge Presentation dks lHkh jaxksa ds lkFk ns[k ldrs gSA
Gray Style :- blds }kjk ge vius jaxhu Presentation dks Gray style
Presentation esa cny ldrs gSA tSls dark Gray Scale, Light Grayscale etc.
Pure black and White :- blds }kjk ge black and white Presentation cuk
ldrs gSA
Window Group
Arrange all :- blesa lHkh vksiu foaMks dks
side by side, lkFk vjsat dj ldrs gSA
Move split :- bl vkWI'ku ds }kjk ge
viuh foaMks dks nks Hkkxksa esa ckaV ldrs gSA

117
Case Cade :- blds }kjk vksiu foaMks dks Case code style esa ns[k ldrs gSA
Switch Window :- blds }kjk ,d vki
s u foMaks ls nl
w jh vkisu foMaks eas tk ldrs gAS
Running a slide show
SLIDE SHOW TAB
Start Slide Show Group
From beginning :- slide
show igyh Slide ls izkjaHk
djuk A
Current slide :- blds }kjk ge slide show dks current slide ls show djuk
izkjaHk djrs gSA

Custom slide show :1. Slide show tab esa tkdj start
slide show group esa tkdj
Custom slide show dh arrow
next key ij fDyd djsaxs fQj
Custom show ij fDyd djsaxsA
2- rc ,d Custom show dialog

box open gksxk] mlesa new
button ij fDyd djsaxsA
3- Slide okys Presentation esa
igys ftl slide dks custom
show esa 'kkfey djuk gS] ml
ij fDyd djsaxsA fQj add ij
fDyd djsaxsA
Set up group
Set up slide show :- Slide
show esa ,Mokal vkWI'ku tSls kiosk
mode vkfn dks lsV dj ldrs gSA
Hide slide :- Full screen slide
show ds nkSjku current slide
screen ij show ugha gksxhA
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Record Narration
1. Slide show ds normal view esa ml LykbM dks flysDV djrs gSa] ftlesa vki
recording djuk pkgrs gSA slide show ds set up group esa slide show tab esa
record narration ij fDyd djrs gSA
2- Set microphone level ij fDyd djsaxs] fQj iznf'kZr ;k fn;s x;s funsZ'kksa dk
ikyu djrs gq;s vius microphone level dks lsV djsaxsA fQj OK ij fDyd
djsaxsA
3- ;fn vkius first slide ls recording 'kq: fd;k gS rc 6 pj.k ij tkb,A
4- Slide show view esa vius narrative text dks microphone esa cksfy;s] fQj
LykbM ij fDyd djsaxsA
5- Black exit screen ij fDyd djsaxsA
6- Narration vius vki save gks tkrk gSA
Rehearse timings:- blds }kjk vki izR;sd Slide dks ,D'ku Iys djus esa tks
Vkbe ysrs gks] mls fjdkMZ dj ldrs gS rFkk Vkbe dks Hkfo"; esa vius Presentation
dks full screen ij show djus ds fy;s save dj ldrs gSA
How to print slides, handouts, and notes pages
Print :- bl vkWI'ku ds }kjk ge fdlh Hkh QkbZy dk fizaV vkmV fudky ldrs gSA
-Office button ij fDyd djsaA
-Print option ij fDyd djsa ;k key-board ij mifLFkr ctrl+P button dks ,d lkFk
nck;sA
bl vkI'ku esa 3 vkWI'ku gksrs gSA Quick print, Print Preview and Print, tc ge
fizaV vkWI'ku dks flysDV djrs gSaA rks ;g dbZ lkjs vkWI'ku dks nsrk gSA
PowerPoint dk Preview ns[kus ds fy,&
-office button ij fDyd djsaA
-Mouse dk pointer print option ij ys tk;sA
-Print Preview option ij fDyd djsaA
119
Database Management
Lesson 22 : Introduction to Databases
What is a database :- MkVkcsl tkudkjh dk ,d lsV gS tks fd eq[; :I ls
vuqefr x.kuk vkSj fo'kys"k.k djus ds fy, tkuk tkrk gSA ekbkslkWV ,Dlsl eq[;
Lrj ij bLrseky fd;k tkus okyk MkVkcsl gSA
MkVkcsl O;olk;] LokLF;] f'k{kk] ljdkj vkSj iqLrdky; lfgr lHkh izdkj ds
laxBuksa esa MkVk dks LVksj] esfuI;wysV] rFkk fjVkbo djus ds fy, iz;qDr gksrk gSA MkVk
ls vk'k; gS viw.kZ Kkr rF; o vkadMs ftUgsa fjdkMZ fd;k tk ldrk gS] vkSj tks dqN
ifj.kke ns ldrs gSA
Defining a database Management System
MkVkcsl izcU/ku rU= (database management system (DBMS) ,d lkWVos;j gS

tks MsVk ds izcU/ku ,oa mlds n{krkiwoZd mi;ksx ds fy;s fufeZr fd;k tkrk gSA
MkVkcsl esustesaV flLVe fMch,e,l ,d ,slk lkVos;j gS tks MkVkcsl dks
ifjHkkf"kr djrk gS] MkVk dks LVksj djrk gS] DoSjh Hkk"kk dks liksVZ djrk gS] fjiksVZ
cukrk gS vkSj MkVk bUVh dh Lhu cukrk gSA MkVkcsl ds vUrxZr pkj izeq[k Hkkx gksrs
gSA
MkVk %& MkVkcsl flLVe mu e'khuksa ij miyCk gS] tks ;k rks flaxy ;wtj flLVEl gS]
;k eYVh;wtlZ flLVEl gSA
gkMZos;j %& gkMZos;j lsds.Mjh LVksjst okY;we] eqfoax gsM] fMokbl daVksyj]
buiqV&vkmViqV pSuYl vkSj esXusfVd fMLd tks MkVk dks ,d lkFk Fkkes j[kus ds
mi;ksx esa vkrh gS vkfn ls feydj curh gSA
lkVos;j %& fQthdy MkVkcsl vkSj mlds ;wtj ds e/; dh ,d ijr gksrh gS] ftls
Mhch,e,l dgk tkrk gSA ;wtlZ }kjk MkVkcsl dks ,Dlsl djus gsrq] fd;s x;s lHkh
vkxzgksa dks Mhch,e,l gSaMy djrk gSA
;wtj %& ;wtlZ rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA
MkVkcsl ,MfefuLVsVj %& Mhch, MkVkcsl ds mi;ksx dks vf/kd`r djus ds fy,]
lefUor djus ds fy, vkSj blds mi;ksx dks ekWuhVj djus ds fy, ftEesnkj gksrk
gSA
120
,fIyds'ku izksxzkej@flLVe ,ukfyLV %& flLVe ,usfyLV vafre ;wtj dh

vko';drkvksa dks r; djrk gS vkSj bu vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ ds fy, fu/kkZj.kksa dks
fodflr djrk gSA
,UM ;wtj %& vafre ;wtlZ os gSa tks MkVkcsl dk mi;ksx DoSfjax] viMsfVax vkSj fjiksVZ
tujsfVax ds fy, djrs gSA vafre ;wtlZ dh dqN Jsf.k;k vuvkSipkfjd vafre ;wtlZ]
vR;k/kqfud vafre ;wtlZ rFkk LVS.M vyksu ;wtj gSA
Features of database management system
,d
,d lkWVos;j izksxzke gS tks fd vke rkSj ij ,d MsVkcsl loZj ;k

mainframe ij djus ds fy, lajfpr MsVk izca/ku iz.kkyh lapkfyr gksrk gSA
DBMS
Mhch,e,l ds ykHk %&

fjM.Msalh fu;a=.k %& bldk vFkZ gS ,d gh MkVk dks ckj&ckj LVksj djukA blls dbZ
leL;k,sa mRiUu gksrh gS & ,slh gj QkbZy esa flaxy ykWftdy viMsV djus dh
vko';drk gksrh gS tgk ,d gh MkVk LVksj gksrk gSA blls MkVk dk MqIyhds'ku gksrk gSA
tc ,d gh MkVk dbZ ckj LVksj fd;k tkrk gS rks LVksjst Lisl O;FkZ gksrh gSA
vukf/kd`r ,Dlsl izfrca/ku %& tc vusd ;wtlZ] ,d MkVkcsl dks vkil esa ckVrs gSA]
rc laHko gS fd dqN ;wtlZ MkVkcsl ij miyC/k iwjh tkudkjh dks ,Dlsl djus dk
vf/kdkj ugha j[krs gksa A
cSdvi vkSj fjdojh iznku djuk %& Mhch,e,l dk cSdvi vkSj fjdojh lcflLVe]
fjdojh ds fy, ftEesnkj gksrk gSA lkFk gh fjdojh lcflLVe ;g Hkh lqfuf'pr djrk
gS fd izksxzke mlh fcUnq ls nksckjk izkjaHk gks] tgka ij og :dk Fkk rkfd bldk iqjk
izHkko MkVkcsl ij fjdkMZ gks tk,A
,Iyhds'ku MsoyiesaV VkbZe dks de djuk %& ,d ckj tc MkVkcsl rS;kj gks tkrk gS]
rc og u;s MkVkcsl dh fMtkbfuax vkSj bEIyhesafVax dh vis{kk de le; ysrk gSA
ljyrk ysfDlfCyfV %& Mhch,e,l LVksj fd;s tk pqds MkVk ;k mifLFkr ,Iyhds'ku
izksxzke dks izHkkfor fd;s fcuk MkVk ds LVDpj esa dqN cnykoksa dh vkKk nsrk gSA
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Lesson 23: Fundamentals of MS Access Database

Overview of MS Access
ekbZkslkV ,Dlsl foUMkst dk ,d fjys'kuy MkVkcsl flLVe gSA ,Dlsl ds }kjk

fuEu dk;ks dks fd;k tkrk gSA
MkVk dks ljyrkiwoZd izcU/ku djrk gSA
MkVkcsl esa MkVk dks izfo"V djuk] MkVk dks [kkstuk rFkk MkVk dks cnyukA
MkVk dk LiSflfQd kbVsfj;k ds vk/kkj ij lclsV esa ,sDlVsDV djuk A
dLVe QkeZ vkSj fjiksVZ dks cukuk A
MkVkcsl ds dqN dkeu dk;ks dks vkVksesV djuk A
xzkQ vkSj MkVkcsl dh fjys'kuf'ki A
fDyi vkVZ dks QkeZ o fjiksVZ esa tksM+uk A
MkVkcsl ,Iyhds'ku dks cukuk ftlesa esU;w Mk;ykx ckDl vkSj dek.M cVu dk
mi;ksx fd;k x;k gksA
,Dlsl esa MkVkcsl ,d Qkby dh rjg ekuk tkrk gSA ;g Qkby lwpuk dk
laxzg djrh gSA gj ,d ,Dlsl MkVkcsl dbZ vkCtsDVl ls cuk gksrk gSA tSls & Vscy]
fDojh QkeZ] fjiksVZ] eSks vkSj ekM;wYlA
Defining tables in Access
Vscy fMtkbu O;w esa [kqy tk;sxkA
122
fuEufyf[kr QhYMl dks cuk;sA

QhYM dk uke
MkVk Vkbi
uke (Name)
VsDLV (Text)
Mh vks ch (DOB)
MsV (Date)
in (Designation)
VsDLV (Text)
osru (Salary)
uEcj (Number)
Table dks lso djus ds fy, File>>Save As ij fDyd djsaA
Lhu ij lso ,t (Save
As) foUMks fn[kkbZ iM+sxhA
Vscy dk uke Vsfuax
(Training) nhft;sA
OK cVu nck, A
Creating tables in Access

VscYl ds vkCtsDVl vkWi'ku
ij fDyd djsa vkSj U;w dks

lsysDV djsaA
New Table dh foUMks Lhu
ij fn[kkbZ iM+sxhA
fMtkbZu O;w dks lsysDV djsa]
vksds fDyd djsaA
MkVkcsl foUMks esa ls Vsfuax
uke ds Vscy dks lsysDV djsaA
fMtkbZu vkWi'ku dks lsysDV
dhft;sA
lsysDV fd;k x;k Vscy ,d
ckj fQj ls fMtkbZu O;w esa
fn[kkbZ iM+sxkA
vc QhYM~l (Fields) dks
cnyk tk ldrk gSA
123
Entering data in a table

vksiu (Open) vkWi'ku dks pqfu;sA
Vscy MkVk'khV O;w esa vksiu gksdj Lhu ij fn[kkbZ iM+sxkA
esuw ckj esa ls Record>>DATA ENTRY pqfu;sA

fuEufyf[kr fjdkMZ izfo"V dhft;sA
uksV %& VsDLV dks fganh esa izfo"V djus ds fy, UNICODE dh vko';drk iM+sxhA
Creating an Access database
dEI;wVj flLVe dks vkWu djsaA ;g vius vki foUMkst okrkoj.k esa pyk tk;sxkA
VkLd ckj ls LVkVZ cVu ij fDyd djsaA
,e,l ,Dlsl dks izksxzke esuw esa flysDV djsaA ,Dlsal esa tkus ds ckn fuEu
Lhu vk;sxh] ftlesa u;k MkVkcsl [kksyus ds fy;s fodYi gksxkA

124
MkVkcsl fotkMZ (Database

Wizard) esa dqN LVS.MMZ bu
fcYV ,Iyhds'ku gksrh gSA buesa
ls vki dksbZ Hkh pqu ldrs gSA
;g fotkMZ vkids fy;s
ekuqlkj fLop cksMZ ij
leLr ,Iyhds'ku dks rS;kj
djrk gSA MsVkcsl fotkMZ dk
iz;ksx djds Vscy dh QhYM dks
ekfMQkbZ fd;k tk ldrk gSA
,fIyds'ku dh vko';drk ds
vuqlkj MkVkcsl Vscy esa
fotkMZ ds }kjk dqN QhYM xzsM
Hkh djkbZ tk ldrh gSA
Blank Database vkWi'ku
ij fDyd djsaA vksds (OK) lsysDV djsaA
MkVkcsl dk uke
V k by
(Trial)
jf[k;s A
f;s V
(Create) dks
lsysDV dhft,A
MkVkcs l
V k ;y
f,V djus ds ckn
dbZ vyx&vyx
vkCts D Vl
dks
f,V fd;k tkrk
gSA
125
Lesson 24: Introduction to RDBMS

What is RDBMS
fjys'kuy MkVkcsl eSustes.M flLVe vkjMhch,e,l ,d lkWVos;j gS tks fd

fjys'kuy MkVkcsl dks eSust djrk gSA fjys'kuy MkVkcsl] MkVkcsl dk ,d izdkj gS tks
fd fjys'kuy ekWMy ij vk/kkfjr gSA vkjMhch,e,l vkfdZVsDpj ds nks eq[; vax gSa]
duZy duZy tks fd lkWVos;j gS vkSj MkVk fMD'kujh tks fd flLVe ysoy MkVk LVDpj
ls cuh gS ftls duZy MkVkcsl dks eSust djus ds fy, mi;ksx djrk gSA
How RDBMS is different from MS Access
fjys'kuy MkVk eSustes.V ekWMy us lHkh isjsUV pkbYM fjys'ku'khi dks feVk fn;k
vkSj blds LFkku ij mlus MkVkcsl esa lHkh MkVk dks MkVk osY;wl dh lk/kkj.k
jks&dkWye lkjf.k;ksa dh rjg n'kkZ;kA
fjys'ku] MkVk osY;wl dh jks&dkWye lkjf.k;ksa ds leku gSA lkj.kh dh iafDr;ksa dks
ViYl dgk tkrk gS vkSj dkWye dks ,VhC;wV~l dgk tkrk gSA
gj Vscy dk viuk Lora= vfLrRo gksrk gS vkSj buesa dksbZ fQftdy fjys'kuf'ki
ugha gksrh gSA

fjys'kuy ekWMy ij vk/kkfjr vf/kdrj MkVk eSustes.V flLVEl esa ,lD;w,y
vkSj D;wchbZ tSlh DoSjh ySaXostsl ds fy, ,d fcYV bu liksVZ gksrk gSA
MkVk eSustes.V fjys'kuy ekWMy] lSV F;ksjh ij vk/kkfjr gSA
fjys'kuy ekWMy ds lkFk mi;ksx esa vkus okyk ;wtj bUVjQsl ukWu&izksfltjy gSA
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Lesson 25: Concept of Data Storage, Archival, and

Retrieval
How data is stored in a database
SQL LVDpMZ Dosjh ySaXost ,d MkVkcsl dEI;wVj ySaXost gS ftls fjys'kuy MkVkcsl
eSustesaV flLVEl laca/kijd MkVkcsl izca/ku iz.kkyh vkj-Mh-,e-,l esa MkVk ds

izca/ku ds fy, fMtkbu fd;k x;k gS vkSj ;g ewyr% fjys'kuy ,syftczk ij
vk/kkfjr gS] blds nk;js esa MkVk Dosjh vkSj viMsV] Ldhek fuekZ.k vkSj :ikarj.k] vkSj
MkVk ,sDlsl daVksy MkVk ds mi;ksx ij fu;a=.k 'kkfey gSA
SQL ,Mxj ,Q] dkWM ds fjys'kuy ekWMy ds lcls izkjafHkd ySaXostksa esa ls ,d Fkk
vkSj ;g fjys'kuy MsVkcslksa ds fy, lcls O;kid :i ls iz;qDr gksus okyk ySaXost cu
x;k A
MkVk ifjpkyu %&

MkVk eSfuI;qys'ku ySaXost (DML), SQL dk lclsV gS ftls MkVk dks tksM+us ,sM]
v|ru djus viMsV vkSj foyksiu djus fMyhV ds fy, iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
INSERT, ,d ekStwnk Vscy esa ubZ iafDr;ksa igys ViYl dks tksM+rk gS] mnkgj.kkFkZ%
INSERT INTO My_table (field1, field2, field3) VALUES ('test', 'N', NULL);
UPDATE, ekStwnk Vscy dh iafDr;ksa ds ,d lsV dks :ikarfjr djrk gSA

UPDATE My_table SET field1='updated value' WHERE field2='N';
DELETE ,d Vscy esa ekStwn iafDr;ksa dks gVkrk gS] mnkgj.kkFkZ%
DELETE FROM My_table WHERE field2='N';
TRUNCATE ,d Vscy ls lkjs MkVk dks cgqr 'kh?kzrk ls feVk nsrk gS] vkerkSj ij
;g ,d vuqorhZ COMMIT vkWijs'ku dk dk;kZUo;u djrk gSA
MkVk MsfQfu'ku MkVk fu:i.k

MsVk MsfQfu'ku ySaXost (DDL) Vscy vkSj vuqef.kdk lajpuk dk izca/ku djrk gS]
DDL dh lcls cqfu;knh bdkb;ka gSa & CREATE, ALTER, RENAME, DROP vkSj
TRUNCATE LVsVesaV~l%
CREATE MkVkcsl esa ,d vkWCtsDV tSls] ,d Vscy dk fuekZ.k djrk gSA
127
DROP MsVkcsl esa vkWCtsDV dks feVk nsrk gS] vkerkSj ij ;g vizkI; gksrk gSA
ALTER ,d ekStwnk vkWCtsDV dh lajpuk dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls :ikarfjr djrk gS &
mnkgj.k ds fy,] ,d ekStwnk Vscy esa ,d dkWye tksM+ukA

mnkgj.k%
CREATE TABLE My_table (my_field1 INT, my_field2 VARCHAR (50),
my-field3 DATE NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (my_field1, my_field2);
MsVk VkbIl izdkj

SQL Vscy dk izR;sd dkWye] ml Vkbi@VkbIl dks fMDys;j* djrk gS tks dkWye esa
lekfgr gks ldrk gS] ANSI SQL esa fuEufyf[kr MsVkVkbIl 'kkfey gSa
dSjsDVj fLVaXl
CHARACTER(n) ;k CHAR(n) & fu/kkZfjr pkSM+kbZ okyk n- dSjsDVj fLVax] ftlesa
vko';drk ds vuqlkj fjDr LFkkuksa dh lekfof"V Hkh dh tk ldrh gSA

CHARACTER VARYING(n) ;k VARCHAR(n) & ifjorZuh; pkSM+kbZ okyk fLVax
ftldk vf/kdre vkdkj n dSjsDVjksa dk gks ldrk gSA
NATIONAL CHARACTER (n) ;k NCHAR(n) & fu/kkZfjr pkSM+kbZ okyk fLVax tks
,d varjkZ"Vh; dSjsDVj lsV dks liksVZ djrk gSA

NATIONAL CHARACTER VARYING (n) ;k NVARCHAR (n) & ifjorZuh;
pkSM+kbZ okyk NCHAR fLVax
fcV fLVax
BIT (n) - n fcV~l dk ,d ,js
BIT VARYING (n) - n fcV~l rd ds vkdkj dk ,d ,js
uEclZ la[;k,a
INTEGER vkSj SMALLINT
128
FLOAT REAL vkSj DOUBLE PRECISION

NUMERIC (precision, scale) ;k DECIMAL (precision, scale)
fnukad vkSj le;

DATE, TIME, TIMESTAMP, INTERVAL
How data is archived in a database
MkVkcsl vkphZfoabx vkidks allow djrk gS QkWj vdkZ,obax ,aM fjewfoax] MkVk ges'kk
dqN ikWbaV~l ij cuk;k tkrk gSA
Vkal,Dlu ds }kjk % ,d izksMDV dc fjyhl gqvk] ,d vkMZj dc izkslsl gqvk] ,d
dc MsikslhV fd;k x;k vkfnA MkVk hv'ku ds dqN le; ckn MkVk viuh igyh LVsV
esa vkrk gS % ;g vkWijs'kuy gS bldk eryc yxkrkj py jgs Vkal,Dlu dks dEIyhV
djus ds fy, MkVk dh t:jr gSA ;gh og txg gS tgka og viuk igyk fclusl
ms'; dh iwrhZ djrk gSA bl LVsV esa Vkal,Dlu MkVk is vIykbZ gks tkrk gSA
vkWijs'kuy LVsV ds ckn jsQsjal LVsV vkrh gSA ;g og le; gS tgka is MkVk dh vHkh
Hkh t:jr gksrh gS fjiksZfVax vkSj Dosjh ds fy,A bldh dqN le; ckn MkVk ,d ,slh
LVsV esa vkrk gS tc fctusl ms'; esa mldh t:jr ugha gksrh gS rc Hkh gesa bl MkVk
dks LVksj dj ds j[kuk iM+rk gS ;g LVsV vdkZ,o gksrh gSA
vki MsV ok,l vkphZo djus dk iz;kl dj jgs gSA blds fy, &
1-
,d u;k vkphZo cuk,a
2-
viuh cukbZ gqbZ Vscy Dosjh 1 pyk,
3-
viuh cukbZ gqbZ Vscy Dosjh 2 pyk,
4-
fMyhV Dosjh pysa nksuksa Vscy ds fy, pyk ldrs gSA
;g vkphZoizkslsl ;k rks gj eghus ds vkf[kj esa ;k gj DokVjZ esa gksxk vkSj lkjk
fiNyk MkVk tks fd 3 ls 6 eghus iqjkuk gS vkphZo gksxkA
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How data is retrieved from a database

tkudkjh izkIr djus ds fy;s MkVkcsl foUMks ls Dosjh (Query) lsysDV dhft;sA
U;w (New) lsysDV dhft;sA New Query foUMks Lhu ij fn[kkbZ iM+sxhA
Design View lsysDV djsa vkSj vksds ij fDyd djsaA

ml Vscy ;k Dosjh
dk p;u djsa ftlesa

Dosjh cukbZ tk jgh
gksA ;gka ij Vsfuax
visf{kr
QhYM dks
tksM+s ;gka ij uke]
Msftxus'kuy vkSj
lS y s j h
vis f {kr
tkudkjh 'kks vkSj
lkVZ vkMZj dks crk;s
vkmViqV
fy;s
ns[kus ds
esuwckj ls
Query>>Run
lsysDV dhft;sA
esa
Dosjh ds ifj.kke
fn[kkbZ iMsaxsA
Select Query
130
Web Browsers, Email and Internet

Lesson 26: Introduction to Internet
Defining Internet
bUVjusV gesa QSDl dh lqfo/kk Hkh iznku djrk gSA baVjusV ,d egRoiw.kZ lapkj ek/;e
gS tks gesa fuEu lqfo/kk,sa iznku djrk gS &
1- bZ&esy
2- baVjusV
3- baVjusV QSDl
4- U;wt
5- pSV
6- w w w
blds vykok baVjusV gesa dqN lsok,sa vkSj Hkh miyC/k djkrk gS tks fuEu izdkj gS %&
1- ge osc lkbV ns[k ldrs gSA
2- bZ&esy Hkst ldrs gSa vkSj izkIr dj ldrs gSA
3- xse [ksy ldrs gSA
4- baVjusV ds ek/;e ls [kjhnnkjh Hkh dj ldrs gSA
5- fo'o ds fdlh Hkh LFkku eas cBSs g,q O;fDr ls pVs ds ek/;e ls ckr dj ldrs gAS
baVjusV dSls dk;Z djrk gS %&
baVjusV ds ek/;e ls ge dksbZ lwpuk Hkstuk pkgrs gSa ;k izkIr djuk pkgrs gSa rks
og lwpuk lcls igys dEI;wVj ds utnhd fLFkr loZj ij igqprh gS] mlds ckn
baVjusV irs ds vk/kkj ij mls vkSj ikl ds loZj dks Hkst fn;k tkrk gS ;g izf;k rc
rd pyrh jgrh gS tc rd fd lwpuk dEI;wVj rd ugha igqp tkrh gSA
baVjusV ds fy, vko';d gkMZos;j vkSj lkWVos;j %& baVjusV ds fy, fuEu
gkMZos;j vkSj lkWVos;j dh vko';drk iM+rh gsA tks fuEu izdkj gS %&
gkMZos;j %&
1- ,d Pentium izkslslj lfgr dEI;wVj ftldh 32 ,e-ch- jse gksuk pkfg,A
2- ekWMe ftldh LihM 56-6 Bps gksA
3- VsyhQksu ykbuA
131
lkWVos;j %&
1- vkWijsfVax flLVe foUMkst&96

2- baVjusV ,DlIyksjj
3- ,UVh ok;jl lkWVo;
s j] tks bVajuVs dh Qk;ykas eas miyC/k ok;jl dks pd
S djrk gAS
bUVjusV dusDV djuk %&
bUVjusV dusDV djus ds fy, igys gesa MsLdVkWi ij ekStwn Shortcut To My

Connection ds vkbZdkWu ij ekml }kjk Mcy fDyd djuk gksxk mlds ckn
Connect To dk Mk;ykWx ckWDl Lhu ij vk tk;sxk A ftlesa ge User Name vkSj
Password MkysaxsA
Qksu uEcj iwoZ esa gh lSfVax ds le; Mkyk tkrk gSA vki Mk;ykWx ckDl esa Hkh
Qksu uEcj loZj uEcj Mky ldrs gSA mlds ckn ge ekml dks Mk;ykWx ckDl ds
uhps fn;s gq, cVu Connect ij fDyd djsaxs rks bUVjusV dusDV gksus dh dk;Zokgh
izkjEHk gks tk;sxhA lcls igys og User Name vkSj Password psd djsaxk] lgh
gksu ij gekjk dusD'ku tqM+ tk;sxk vkSj VkWLdckj ij tgka djsaUV Vkbe Display gksrk
gS ogka ij nks dEI;wVj vk tk;saxsA
ekWMe %&
ekWMe ,d buiqV vkSj vkmViqV

nksuks fMokbZl gSA bls dEI;wVj
ls tksM+dj MsVk Hkstus o izkIr
djus ds fy, mi;ksx fd;k
tkrk gSA ekWMe dk iwjk uke
Modulator Demodulator gSA
baVjusV ds }kjk ge tks lwpuk,sa
Hkstrs gSa] ekWMe mu lwpukvksa
dks bysDVksfud QkeZ esa Hkstrk
gSA dEI;wVj ds flXuy fMthVy
QkeZ esa gksrs gSA tks ekWMe esa
tkdj bysDVksfud QkeZ esa cny
tkrs gSA ekWMe bysDVksfud flXuyy dks fMthVy QkeZ esa o fMthVy QkeZ dks
bysDVksfud QkeZ esa cny nsrk gSA
Internet Connect Box
132
baVjusV ,DlIyksjj ds eq[; cVu

baVjusV ,DlIyksjj ds cVuksa dk mfpr mi;ksx djds vki baVjusV ls vf/kd ls
vf/kd lwpuk,a de ls de le; esa izkIr dj ldrs gSA baVjusV ,DlIyksjj ds cVuksa
}kjk fd;k tkus okyk dk;Z fuEu gS %&
1- Back :- bldks fDyd djus ls vki fiNyh ckj fn[kkbZ xbZ Lhu ;k osc ist
;fn dksbZ gks esa vk tkrs gSA
2- Forward :- bldks fDyd djus ls vki blls vxyh Lhu ;fn dksbZ gks esa vk
tkrs gSA
3- Stop :- bl cVu dks fDyd djus ls vkids }kjk fn;k gqvk vfUre vkns'k jn~n
gks tkrk gSA ;fn ml le; vki dEI;wVj baVjusV ls dqN i<+us dh dksf'k'k dj jgs
gksxsa] rks og dksf'k'k cUn gks tkrh gS] rkfd vki dksbZ nwljk vkns'k ns ldsA
4- Refresh :- bl cVu dks fDyd djus ls vkidh djsaV Lhu dh lwpuk,a fQj ls
i<+h tkrh gSaA ;g cVu ml le; mi;ksxh gS] tc lwpuk,a cjkcj cnyrh jgrh
gksA tSls fdlh py jgs fdsV eSp dk uohure Ldksj ;k LVkd ,Dlpsat ds
cnyrs gq, jsVA
5- Home :- bl cVu dks fDyd djus ls vki vius gkse ist ;k 'kq: ds ist esa vk
tkrs gSA
6- Search :- bl cVu dks fDyd djds vki baVjusV ij lwpuk,a <w<+ ldrs gSaA
7- Favorites :- blds }kjk vki mu lkbVksa dh lwph cuk ldrs gSA ftUgsa lcls
T;knk [kksyk tkrk gS] rkfd vko';drk gksus ij vki mldk uke rqjUr pqu ldsa
vkSj Vkbi u djuk iM+sA
8- Mail :- bl cVu ds }kjk vki bZ&esy ds esU;w esa vk tkrs gSA ftlls bZ&esy
Hksth vkSj i<+h tk ldrh gSA
Explain the benefits of Internet
baVjusV ij gesa fuEufyf[kr lqfo/kk;sa miyc/k gksrh gSa %&

bySDVkWfud esy ;k bZ&esy %& baVjusV ds ek/;e ls bySDVkWfud ladsrksa }kjk Hksth
x;h Mkd dks bZ&esy dgk tkrk gSA ;g baVjusV dh lcls vf/kd iqjkuh vkSj
mi;ksxh lsok gSA
133
oYMZ okbV osc World Wide Web) %& ;g ,d izdkj dk MkVk csl gS] tks iwjs
lalkj esa QSyk gqvk gSA baVjusV ls tqM+k gqvk dksbZ Hkh O;fDr bl MkVkcsl ls
lwpuk,a izkIr dj ldrk gSA blesa lwpukvksa dks fo"k; ds vuqlkj 'kh"kZdksa vkSj
mi'kh"kZdksa esa ckaVdj j[kk x;k gSA bl MkVkcsl esa lkekU; ikB~; lkexzh ds lkFk
gh fp=] /ofu ohfM;ksa vkfn Hkh miyc/k jgrs gSAA dksbZ Hkh daiuh ;k O;fDr 'kqYd
nsdj viuh lwpuk,a ftUgsa osc lkbV dgrs gS] bl ij Mky ldrk gSA
):- ;g Qkbyksa dks baVjusV ds fdlh ,d dEI;wVj
Qkby VkalQj izksVsdky ((F.T.P.):ls lwpukvksa ;k MkVk dks baVjusV ls tqM+s dEI;wVjksa ij LFkkukarfjr vFkkZr~ udy
djus dh lqfo/kktud lsok gSA oSls vki viuh bZ&esy ds lkFk gh NksVh&eksVh
QkbZy tksM+ dj Hkh izsf"kr dj ldrs gSA
):- nwj&nwj fLFkr O;fDr;ksa ;k daifu;ksa }kjk
bZ&esy dkelZ ((E-Commerce):baVjusV ds ek/;e ls vkil esa laidZ djds oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dh [kjhn &
fch rFkk ysu&nsu djuk bZ&dkWelZ dgykrk gSA
):- baVjusV ls tqM+s fdlh dEI;wVj ij dk;Z dj jgs O;fDr }kjk
ckrphr ((Chatting):,sls gh fdlh nwljs dEI;wVj ij dk;Z dj jgs O;fDr ds lkFk ckrphr dh tk
ldrh gSA bl lqfo/kk dks gh pSfVax dgk tkrk gSA
Explain about Web browsers
Browser ,d ,slk vko';d Software program gS ftlds }kjk vki Web esa Web
pages dks ns[k ldrs gSA] mnkgj.k ds fy, Microsoft Internet Explorer, opera,
Google Chrome
baVjusV ,DlIyksjj %& ;g ,d xzkfQd osc czkmtj gsA ftldh lgk;rk ls ge
fdlh Hkh lkbV ij igqp ldrs gSA ;g foUMkst ds MsLdVkWi ij vkbZ&dkWu ds :i esa
gksrk gSA ftls ge ekml }kjk fDyd djds Open dj ldrs gSaA blesa fn;s x;s
Addres ds [kkyh LFkku ij eupkgh osc lkbV dk uke fy[kdj mls Open dj
ldrs gSA
134
Lesson 27 : Searching the Web

What is Web search
Basic search lHkh common issues dks cover djrk gS ysfdu dHkh&dHkh gesa
blls mUur rduhd dh vko';drk iM+rh gS ;gk ge google web search ds dqN
Advance features dks ns[ksaxsA T;knkrj ge queries ds fy, Square bracket [ ]
dk mi;ksx djrs gSA

Phrase search (" "):- Phrase ds vkl&ikl double quotes yxkdj vki
google dks ;g crkrs gSa fd tks Phrase search djus ds fy, fn;k gS mudk
order ugha cnysxk vkSj og fcYdqy oSls gh jgsaxs tSlk fd phrase esa fn;k x;k
gSA
Specific website esa search djuk (site:) :- google esa ;g lqfo/kk iznku
djrk gS fd ge fdlh particular website esa search dj ldrs gSA mnkgj.k ds
fy, [iraq site:nytimes.com] type djus ij flQZ og ist fn[kkbZ nsaxs ftlesa
nytimes.com esa iraq ls lacaf/kr ist gksaxsA
Fill in the blanks (*) :- * ;k wild card cgqr mi;ksxh feature gS ;fn ge
fdlh queries esa * dk mi;ksx djrs gSa rks ;g ml 'kCn dks fcYdqy lgh match
esa search djrk gS mnkgj.k ds fy, [google*] nsus ij lHkh google ds
product dh list display gksxhA
Search exactly as is (+) :- google automatically lekukFkhZ 'kCnksa dks
generate djrk gSA lekukFkhZ 'kCn search fd;s gq;s 'kCnksa ds vk/kkj ij
google }kjk generate fd;s tkrs gSA
OR operator :- vxj vki fdlh 'kCn ;k mlds vFkok esa fdlh vkSj 'kCn dks
search djuk pkgrs gS rks mu nksuks 'kCnksa dh chp esa OR yxkdj mUgsa search
fd;k tk ldrk gSA

Google Advance search technique :- Google Advance search
technique esa Basic search fd rqyuk esa dbZ Advanced feature fn;s gq;s gSa
bldh lgk;rk ls Internet ij Searching ,d ne lgh vkSj vklku gks xbZ gSA
135
Commonly used searching sites
&;fn fdlh fo'ks"k website ;k domain esa gh search djuk pkgrs gSa rks ;g
Specify dj ldrs gSa tSls & www.indiatimes.com
google.com, yahoo.com, bing.com vkerkSj ij bLrseky fd;k lpZ batu jgs
lpZ batu gSaA
136
Lesson 28 : Basics of email

What is email
bZ&esy %& bZ&esy bysDVksfud esy ds }kjk ge fo'o ds fdlh Hkh fgLls esa
dEI;wVj ls tqMs O;fDr ls lUns'k] nLrkost] fp= vkfn dk vknu&iznku fd;k tk

ldrk gS izkphu dky esa ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku rd lUns'k igqapkus dk dke dcwrjksa
}kjk fd;k tkrk FkkA mlds ckn ekuo }kjk lUns'k igqpk;s tkus yxsA Mkd foHkkx
}kjk Mkd lsok izkjEHk dh xbZ] ysfdu fQj Hkh lUns'k ;k i= igqpkus esa le; yxrk
FkkA
NBs n'kd ds e/; bZ&esy dk vkxeu gqvk] ftlls i= ;k rLohjsa ,d dEI;wVj
ls nwljs dEI;wVj rd 'kh?kzrk ls igqpuk lEHko gqvkA bZ&esy QSDl dh vis{kk de
[kphZyk gSA 21oha lnh esa bZ&esy dk rsth ls foLrkj gks jgk gS] Hkkjr esa ;g lsok
1994 ls izkjEHk gqbZA
lkekU; Mkd ls i= ;k nLrkost ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku rd Hkstus esa dkQh
le; o iSlk [kpZ gksrk gS ,oa Mkd ds igqapus dh xkjUVh Hkh ugha gksrh gSA tcfd
bZ&esy esa ,slk dqN ugha gksrk gSA bZ&esy esa O;fDr igys i= ;k nLrkost vius
dEI;wVj esa Vkbi dj ysrk gS vkSj mls bZ&esy ds }kjk nwljs LFkku dks Hkst nsrk gSA tks
dqN lSds.M esa igqp tkrk gSA
bUVjusV dh lcls cM+h mi;ksfxrk bZ&esy ;kfu fd bysDVkfud esy gSA Hkkjr esa
bUVjusV lcls mi;ksx bZ&esy ds fy, gh gksrk gSA vki bUVjusV ij viuk bZ&esy
irk cukdj fdlh Hkh fgLls esa bUVjusV ls tqM+s dEI;wVj ij viuk bZ&esy ;k i= Hkst
ldrs gSaA lcls cM+k ykHk ;g gS fd ;g i= vki nqfu;k ds fdlh fgLls esa igqapk
ldrs gSA bUVjusV Hkkjr esa uCcs ds n'kd esa vk;k] ijUrq ckgj ds ns'kksa esa ;g lRrj
ds n'kd ls gh mi;ksx esa yk;k tk jgk gSA
bZ esy ls lapkj dk ,d vrqY;dkfyd :i gS] ftldk vFkZ gS fd O;fDr ftls
vki lans'k i<+kuk pkgrs gSa] rks t:jh ugha fd og ml le; ij ogk miyC/k jgsA
besy ds }kjk og lansk dgha ij Hkh I<+ ldrk gSA ;g nksuks ds fy, ,d egku lqfo/kk
gS nwljh vksj] VsyhQksu] tks ,d rqY;dkfyd lapkj dk ek/;e gSA nks O;fDr ,d gh
le; esa ykbu ij gks rks laokn dj ldrs gSa ;g djus ds fy, dbZ bZ&esy baVjusV
mi;ksxdrkZvksa ds fy, miyC/k ladqy ds lkjs fooj.k miyC/k gSaA
137
Advantages of email
izksxzkeksa ds vf/kdka'k fgLlk cqfu;knh lqfo/kk tks vkidks vuqefr nsrk gS%&
Hkstus vkSj esy lans'k izkIr djuk A
,d Qkby esa vkids lans'k dks cpkus ds fy,
fizaV esy lans'k
esy lans'kksa dk tokc
,d esy lans'k esa dksbZ Qkby vuqyXu
138
Troubleshooting
Lesson 29: Introduction to Troubleshooting
What is troubleshooting
Vcy'kwfVax (Troubleshooting) izkWCye lksYo djus dk ,d rjhdk gS tks ds failed

izksMDV~l vkSj izkslsl ds lkFk djrs gSAA fdlh izksMDV dks fQj ls dke djus dh LVsV esa
ykuk Vcy'kwfVax (Troubleshooting) dgykrk gSA Vcy'kwfVax (Troubleshooting)
dh t:jr ogk gksrh gS tgka dkEIysDl vkSj Msoyksi esUVsu djus gksrs gSA
Identify common troubleshooting scenarios
1- LVksu gsM & vki vius u, flLVe dk fLop vku djsa vkSj ogk dksbZ ,fDVfoVh]
dksbZ ladsr ugha gS] ikWoj lIykbZ Qsu ugha py jgk gS] uk gh dksbZ lkm.M dh
vkokt vk jgh gS vkSj uk gh dksbZ ykbZV fn[k jgh gSA
2- ikoj vku gS & ysfdu Lhu is dksbZ ,fDVfoVh ugha gks jgh A
3- Lhu py jgh gS & ysfdu cwV izkslsl ugha py jgk A
4- cwV~l & ykWDlvi nqfjax vkWj bfefM,Vyh vkVj vkijsfVax flLVe bULVky
5- cwV~l ,aM jUl
139
Lesson 30: Different types of troubleshooting

Computer related
;wl ykLV uksu xqM dkafQxzs'ku %& vkWijsfVax flLVe dks cwV djus ds fy, ;wl djs
ykLV uksu xqM dkafQxzs'ku bl lqfo/kk ls vki dksbZ Hkh cnyko tks Current control
set jftLVh key esa gq, Fks iwoZor djus dh vuqefr nsxkA ykLV uksu xqM dkafQxqjklu
dks ;wl djus ds fy, dEI;wVj dks fjLVkVZ djsa ;qflax [Ctrl][Alt][Delete] tc vki
eslst ns[ks Iyhl lsysDV vksisjfVax flLVe Vw LVkVZ ;k ,d chi lqus [f8] dks izsl djs
foUMksOl ,Mokal vkI'/ku esuw ns[kus ds fy, esuw ls ykLV uksu xqM dkafQxzs'ku lsysDV
djsa vkSj baVj nck;sA
;wl flLVe jsLVksj %& flLVe jsLVksj ,d Vwy gS tks mi;ksxh gS tc Windows XP cwV
ugha gks jgk gS] flLVe jsLVksj cSdxzkmaM esa ,d lfoZl dh rjg pyrk gS vkSj yxkrkj
system-critical components ds ifjorZu ij utj j[krk gSA
tc bldks Impending change, dk irk pyrk gS System Restore rqjar critical
dEiksusaV~l dh psat gksus ls igys backup copies, cukrk gS ftldks restore ikWbaVl
dgrs gSA lkFk gh System Restore gj 24 ?kaVs esa fMQ+kWYV :i ls dkWfUQxj gksrk gS
restore points cukus ds fy,A
flLVe jsLVksj ;wl djus ds fy, dEI;wVj dks fjLVkVZ djsa ;wflax [Ctrl][Alt][Delete]
tc vki eslst ns[ks Iyhl lsysDV vksisjfVax flLVe Vw LVkVZ ;k ,d chi lqus [f8] dks
izsl djsa foUMkst vMokal vkI'ku esuw ns[kus ds fy, esuw ls Safe Mode flysDV djsa
vkSj baVj nck;sA
Printer related
fizaVj ikWoj ugha fn[kk jgk %& igys] ;g lqfuf'pr djsa fd fizaVj vkWu gks x;k gSA tc
fizaVj vkWu gksrk gS rks blesa dqN gjs jax dh ykbV tyrh gS ftlls irk pyrk gS fd
fizaVj dks ikoj fey jgh gS vkSj fizaVj vkWu gSA vxj fizaVj esa dksbZ ykbZV ugha ty jgh
gS rks bldk eryc gS vki ikWoj dscy dks <ax ls psd dj ys vkSj mlds ckn fizaVj
ikWoj cVu dks vkWu dj ysaA bruk lc djus ds ckn fizaVj esa ikWoj ugha vk jgk gS rks
bldk eryc fizaVj esa dqN izksCye gS vkSj ge vkidks ejEer ;k cnyus ds fy;s
fizaVj fuekZrk ls laidZ djus dk lq>ko nsrs gSA
140
dscy Bhd ugha tqMs gSa %& vkidk fizaVj nks dscyksa ls tqM+k gksuk pkfg,] ikWoj dscy ,aM
MkVk dscy] ikWoj dscy vki igys gh tkap pqds gSa D;ksafd tSlk fd igys ij crk;k
x;k gS vxj fizaVj esa ykbV baMhdsV gks jgh gS rks bldk eryc ikWoj dscy lgh gS]
psd djsa dh MkVk dscy iSjsyy dscy vkSj ;w,lch (USB) dscy fizaVj ds }kjk
dEI;wVj ls lgh ls tqMh gqbZ gSA
fizafVax ,jkWj vkWjat vkSj fCyafdax ykbV %& tc vkidk fizaVj vius izkjafHkd LVkVZvi
iwjk dj pqdk gS vkidks ,d lkWfyM xzhu ykbV fn[kuh pkfg, A vxj ykbV vkWjsat
vkSj fCyad dj jgh gS] rks &
uks isij vkSj isij tke %& isij ds fcuk vkidk fizaVj fizaV ugha dj ldrkA lqfuf'pr
djsa fd vkids fizaVj dh Vs isij ls Hkjh gqbZ gks bl ckr dks Hkh lqfuf'pr djsa fd fizaVj
esa dksbZ Hkh isij tke u gksA
fizaVj bad lacaf/kr eqs %& vxj vkidks bad lacaf/kr izkWCye vk jgh gS rks vkidk fizaVj
ykbV ys'k djds crk jgk gksxk] psd djsA
Network related
vxj ,d dEI;wVj dks fdlh usVodZ ls dusDV gksus ij ;k fdlh usVodZ ij vU;
dEI;wVjksa dks ns[kus esa vleFkZ gSA ;g usVodZ leL;k fuokj.k ds fy, vko';d gks
ldrk gSA ,d usVodZ dkj.kksa ls uhps ds fdlh dh otg ls dke ugha dj ldrs A
usVodZ dkMZ Bhd ls ugha tqM+kA
[kjkc usVodZ dkMZ pkydksa ;k lkWVos;j lsfVaXlA
Firewall dh
otg ls dEI;wVj ,d nwljs ls tqM ugha ik jgs gSaA
dusD'ku ls lacaf/kr & eqsA

[kjkc usVodZ gkMZos;jA
141
izksVksdkWy %& lR;kfir djsa fd lgh izksVksdkWy dEI;wVj ij LFkkfir dj jgs gSAA
vf/kdka'k usVodZ vktdy Vhlhih@vkbZih dk mi;ksx djrs gSA
Qk;jokWy %& ;fn vkidk dEI;wVj usVodZ ,d Qk;jokWy dk bLrseky dj jgk gS rks
;g lqfuf'pr djsa fd lHkh vko';d iksVZ [kqys gksA ;fn laHko gks] Qk;jokWy
lkWVos;j izksxzke can dj nsa ;k dEI;wVj ls Qk;jokWy fMldusDV dj nsa vkSj ;g
lqfuf'pr dj ys fd ;g leL;k rks ugha iSnk dj jgk gSA
Power related
dEI;wVj esa ikWoj ugha gS dSls Vcy'kwV djsaA

ekuks ;k u ekuks uacj ou D;ksafd dEI;wVj pkyw ugha fd;k x;k Fkk blfy, pkyw ugha
FkkA lqfuf'pr djsa fd vkius vius dEI;wVj ij fctyh cVu fLop dks pkyw fd;k gSA
dEI;wVj ds vkxs ds ikWoj cVu@fLop pkyw djsaA
dEI;wVj ds ihNs ds ikWoj cVu@fLop pkyw djsaA
dEI;wVj ds ikWoj dscy dusD'ku psd djsa dgha ,slk rks ugha fd og fMl dusDVsM gSA
,d ywl ;k unplugged ikWoj dscy cgqr cM+k dkj.k gS dEI;wVj ds uk pyus dkA
142
egRoiw.kZ 'kkVZdV dht

foUMkst esa ge ekml ds u gksus ij Hkh dh&cksMZ ds }kjk dek.Mks ds fofHkUu fodYiksa
dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSA dqN 'kWVZ dek.M foUMkst esa iwoZ ls gh fu/kkZfjr gksrh gSA gekjs
}kjk Lo;a Hkh 'kWVZdV dek.M dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA
foUMkst esa dqN egRoiw.kZ 'kWVZdV dht tks lkekU;r% iz;ksx esa vkrh gSA fuEu
izdkj gSA %&
dht+
iz;ksx
Ctrl+N
New File cukuk
Ctrl+O
Open File
Ctrl+S
Save File
Ctrl+P
Print
Ctrl+Z
Undo
Ctrl+Y
Redo (Repeat Typing)
Ctrl+X
Matter dks Cut djukA
Ctrl+C
Matter dks Copy djukA
Ctrl+A
Matter dks All Select djukA
Ctrl+F
Find
Ctrl+H
Replace
Ctrl+G
Go To
Ctrl+L
Left align
Ctrl+E
Center Align
Ctrl+R
Right Align
Ctrl+J
Matter dks Justify djukA
Ctrl+B
Matter dks Bold djukA
Ctrl+I
Matter dks Italic djukA

143
egRoiw.kZ 'kkVZdV dht

dht+
iz;ksx
Ctrl+1
Matter ds chp Singal Space
Ctrl+2
Matter ds chp Double Space
Ctrl+5
1.5 Space
Ctrl+F9
()
Win+E
Explorer vksiu djuk
Shift+ Arrow Key
esVj flysDV djuk
Alt+F4
fdlh Hkh izksxzke ls ckgj vkus ds fy,
Ctrl+Shift+D
Mcy vUMj ykbZu ds fy,
Ctrl+{.}
esVj dk vkdkj de ;k T;knk djukA
F7
Lisfyax vkSj xzkej
F1
gsYi izkIr djuk
Ctrl+W
Qk;y cUn djukA
Ctrl+U
Matter esa Underline djuk
Ctrl+M
New Slide (
Ctrl+F2
Print Preview ns[kuk
Ctrl+Shift+F
Font cnyuk
Ctrl+Shift+P
Font lkbZt cnyuk
144
vko';d ,e-,l- oMZ dek.M~l

FILE MENU
dek.M~l
iz;ksx
New
bldk iz;ksx ubZ Qkby cukus esa fd;k tkrk gSA
Open
bldk iz;ksx iqjkuh Qkby [kksyus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Close
bldk iz;ksx [kqyh gqbZ Qkby dks cUn djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Save
bldk iz;ksx Qkby dks lso djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Save As
Qkby dh ,d vkSj MqIyhdsV QkbZy cukus ;k dkWih djus ds fy,
fd;k tkrk gSA
Page Setup bldk iz;ksx ist dh lSfVax djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Print Preview bldk iz;ksx ist O;w ns[kus ds fy, djrs gSA
Print
bldk iz;ksx QkbZy dk fizaV fudkyus ds fy, djrs gSA
Properties bldk iz;sx QkbZy dh izkiVhZ ns[kus ds fy, djrs gSA
Exit
bldk iz;ksx izksxzke ,oa QkbZy ls ckgj vkus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
EDIT MENU
dek.M~l
Undo
Redo
Cut
Copy
Paste
Clear
Select All
Find
Replace
Go To
iz;ksx
QkbZy esa fd;s x;s ifjorZu dks lekIr djukA
QkbZy esa lekIr fd;s x;s ifjorZu dks iqu% izkIr djukA
flysDV esVj dks gVkdj eSeksjh esa dkih djukA
flysDV eSVj dks eSeksjh esa dkih djukA
dV ;k dkWih fd;s x;s eSVj dks pkgs x;s LFkku ij ykukA
flysDV eSVj dks lekIr djukA
iwjh QkbZy ds eSVj dks flysDV djukA
QkbZy esa 'kCn ;k okD; dks [kkstukA
QkbZy esa iqjkus 'kCn ds LFkku ij u;k 'kCn ykukA
QkbZy esa fdlh Hkh LFkku ij 'kh?kzrk ls igqapk tk ldrk gSA
145

VIEW MENU
dek.M~l
iz;ksx
Toolbars
Vwyckj dks Lhu ls vkWu ;k vkWQ dj ldrs gSA
Ruler
:yj ykbZu dks ykus ;k gVkus ds fy, A
Header & Footer
Qkby esa ist ds ij ;k uhps ist ua- fnukad o QkbZy use

MkyukA
Full Screen
MkWD;wesUV iwjh Lhu ij vk tkrk gSA
Zoom
MkWD;wesUV dks NksVk ;k cM+k djukA
INSERT MENU
dek.M~l
iz;ksx
Break
QkbZy esa pkgs x;s LFkku ij ist czsd nsukA
Page Numbers
QkbZy esa pkgs x;s LFkku ij ist uEcj nsuk A
Date & Time
QkbZy esa pkgs x;s LFkku ij fnukad ;k le; Mkyuk A
Symbol
QkbZy esa flEcksy Mkyuk A
Picture
QkbZy esa dlZj ds LFkku ij fp= MkyukA
Text Box
QkbZy esa VSDLV ckWDl MkyukA

146

FORMAT MENU
dek.M~l
iz;ksx
Font
QkWUV dk izdkj] vkdkj] jax] LVkby pquukA
Paragraph
QkbZy esa iSjkxzkQ dk fu/kkZj.k djukA
Bullet & Numbering fy[ks x;s eSVj ds lkFk cqyV ;k uEcj dk iz;ksx djuk A
Border & Shading
ist esa ckMZj vkSj 'ksfMax dk iz;ksx djukA
Column
iSjkxzkQ dks dkWye esa foHkkftr djukA
Tabs
Vsc dh lSfVax djukA
Change Case
eSVj esa dSl psat djukA
Back Ground
ist ds csd esa fp= ;k dyj MkyukA
147

TOOLS MENU
dek.M~l
iz;ksx
Spelling & Grammer
Lisfyax vkSj xzkej dh xyfr;ksa dks psd djukA
Word Count
fy[ks x;s eSVj dh fxurh djukA

TABLE MENU
dek.M~l
iz;ksx
Draw Table
isafly dh lgk;rk ls Vscy cukukA
Insert Table
dkWye vkSj jks dh la[;k ns dj Vscy cukukA
Delete Cells
jks dkWye vkSj lsy dks lekIr djukA
Merge Cells
lsyksa dks vkil esa tksMukA
Split Cells
Vscy esa cuh lsy dks nks Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr djukA
Select Column
dkWye flysDV djukA
Select Row
jks flysDV djukA
148
vko';d ,e-,l- ,Dly dek.M~l

FILE MENU
dek.M~l
iz;ksx
New
bldk iz;ksx ubZ odZcqd cukus esa fd;k tkrk gSA
Open
bldk iz;ksx iqjkuh odZcqd [kksyus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Close
bldk iz;ksx [kqyh gqbZ odZcqd dks cUn djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Save
bldk iz;ksx odZcqd dks lso djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Save As
Qkby dh ,d vkSj MqIyhdsV odZcqd cukus ;k dkWih djus ds fy,

fd;k tkrk gSA
Page Setup bldk iz;ksx odZ'khV dh lSfVax djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Print Preview bldk iz;ksx odZcqd O;w ns[kus ds fy, djrs gSA
Print
bldk iz;ksx odZ'khV dk fizaV fudkyus ds fy, djrs gSA
Properties
bldk iz;ksx QkbZy dh izkiVhZ ns[kus ds fy, djrs gSA
Exit
bldk iz;ksx izksxzke ,oa odZcqd ls ckgj vkus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
149
vko';d ,e-,l- ,Dly dek.M~l

EDIT MENU
dek.M~l
iz;ksx
Undo
odZ'khV esa fd;s x;s ifjorZu dks lekIr djuk
Redo
odZ'khV esa lekIr fd;s x;s ifjorZu dks iqu% izkIr djukA
Cut
flysDV eSVj dks gVkdj eSeksjh esa dkih djukA
Copy
flySDV eSVj dks eSeksjh esa dkih djuk A
Paste
dV ;k dkWih fd;s x;s eSVj dks pkgs x;s LFkku ij ykukA
Delete
flysDV eSVj dks lekIr djukA
Delete Sheet flysDV odZ 'khV dks lekIr djukA

Find
odZ'khV 'kCn ;k okD; dks [kkstukA
Replace
QkbZy esa iqjkus 'kCn ;k okD; dks [kkstukA
Go To
QkbZy esa fdlh Hkh LFkku ij 'kh?kzrk ls igqapk tk ldrk gSA
150
VIEW MENU
dek.M~l
iz;ksx
Toolbars
Vwyckj dks Ldzhu ls vkWu ;k vkWQ dj ldrs gSA
Header & Footer
odZ'khV esa ist ds ij ;k uhps ist ua- fnukad o QkbZy use

MkyukA
Full Screen
odZ'khV iwjh Ldzhu ij vk tkrk gSA
Zoom
odZ'khV dks NksVk ;k cM+k djukA

INSERT MENU
dek.M~l
iz;ksx
Break
QkbZy es pkgs x;s LFkku ij ist czsd nsuk A
Cell
lsy ikbUVj ds LFkku ij lsy bUlVZ djuk A
Row
lsy ikbUVj ds LFkku ij jks bUlVZ djuk A
Column
odZ'khV es dkWye bUlVZ djuk A
Picture
QkbZy esa dlZj ds LFkku ij fp= ykuk A
Work Shet
odZ 'khV esa ubZ odZ'khV bUlVZ djuk A
Chart
MsVk dh rqyuk dks pkVZ ds ek/;e ls iznf'kZr djuk A

FORMAT MENU
dek.M~l
Cell
Row
Column
Sheet
iz;ksx
lsy dh fofHkUu izdkj dh lSfVax djuk A
jks dh QkWjesfVax djuk A
dkWye dh QkWjesafVax djuk A
odZ'khV dks Hide ;k Unhide djuk ;k uke cnyuk A
151
DATA MENU
dek.M~l
iz;ksx
Sort
bldk iz;ksx MkVk dks dzec) djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS A
Filter
MkVk dks fQYVj djuk A
Form
MkVk dks MkVkosl dh Hkkafr iz;ksx djuk A

WINDOWS MENU
dek.M~l
iz;ksx
Hide
foUMks dks vn`'; djuk A
Unhide
vn`'; dh xbZ foUMks dks foHkkftr djuk A
Split
odZ'khV dh foUMks dks foHkkftr djuk A
Freeze
bldk iz;ksx dkWye Qht djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS A
152

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The efficiency catalyst

flysDV dj ldrs gSaA

vkfn dks flysDV dj ldrs

The efficiency catalyst

tkdj curve dks fDyd djsaxsA

2- Insert tab esa Illustration

The efficiency catalyst

The efficiency catalyst

2- Insert tab esa tkdj header and

The efficiency catalyst

2- ml slide ij fDyd djsaxs ftlesa Sound add djuk gSA

Page Setup Group

vkfn lsV djus esa fd;k tkrk gSA

The efficiency catalyst

fDyd djsaxs vkSj dyj dks flysDV djsaxsA

dks Nqik;k tkrk gSA

x;s ,uhes'ku vkSj LykbM VkatsD'ku

dj ldrs gaSA ftlds }kjk ge fdlh

The efficiency catalyst

Transition to This Slide Group

vjsat dj ldrs gSA

fd;k tkrk gSA

The efficiency catalyst

viuh foaMks dks nks Hkkxksa esa ckaV ldrs gSA

The efficiency catalyst

izkjaHk djrs gSA

2- rc ,d Custom show dialog

The efficiency catalyst

The efficiency catalyst

MkVkcsl izcU/ku rU= (database management system (DBMS) ,d lkWVos;j gS

The efficiency catalyst

,fIyds'ku izksxzkej@flLVe ,ukfyLV %& flLVe ,usfyLV vafre ;wtj dh

,d lkWVos;j izksxzke gS tks fd vke rkSj ij ,d MsVkcsl loZj ;k

Mhch,e,l ds ykHk %&

The efficiency catalyst

Lesson 23: Fundamentals of MS Access Database

ekbZkslkV ,Dlsl foUMkst dk ,d fjys'kuy MkVkcsl flLVe gSA ,Dlsl ds }kjk

The efficiency catalyst

fuEufyf[kr QhYMl dks cuk;sA

Creating tables in Access

ij fDyd djsa vkSj U;w dks

The efficiency catalyst

Entering data in a table

esuw ckj esa ls Record>>DATA ENTRY pqfu;sA

Lhu vk;sxh] ftlesa u;k MkVkcsl [kksyus ds fy;s fodYi gksxkA

The efficiency catalyst

MkVkcsl fotkMZ (Database

ij fDyd djsaA vksds (OK) lsysDV djsaA

The efficiency catalyst

Lesson 24: Introduction to RDBMS

fjys'kuy MkVkcsl eSustes.M flLVe vkjMhch,e,l ,d lkWVos;j gS tks fd

ugha gksrh gSA

The efficiency catalyst

Lesson 25: Concept of Data Storage, Archival, and

eSustesaV flLVEl laca/kijd MkVkcsl izca/ku iz.kkyh vkj-Mh-,e-,l esa MkVk ds

MkVk ifjpkyu %&

UPDATE, ekStwnk Vscy dh iafDr;ksa ds ,d lsV dks :ikarfjr djrk gSA

MkVk MsfQfu'ku MkVk fu:i.k

The efficiency catalyst

mnkgj.k ds fy,] ,d ekStwnk Vscy esa ,d dkWye tksM+ukA

MsVk VkbIl izdkj

vko';drk ds vuqlkj fjDr LFkkuksa dh lekfof"V Hkh dh tk ldrh gSA

,d varjkZ"Vh; dSjsDVj lsV dks liksVZ djrk gSA