Forces on rigid pipe:

S= /.

Pipe span length:

Touchdown length:

_=/
^( ) ()

=/[[((.)/) ]

Basic catenary equation:

H=T-(w.d)

Horizontal component of tension:

Tension at any height, y:

Detarture angle:

T(y) = T - w. (d-y)

= ^()
(/)

_=/ ^^
Bending radius at touchdown:
((.)/)

_( =(.)/
( ( ._ ))

Bending stress at touchdown:

(H at top = H at bottom only if the eff

of current on the pipeline are ignorne

H at bottom only if the effects

on the pipeline are ignorned.)

Where,
d = water depth (m)
= Ramp angle (deg)
S = Pipe span length (m)
X = Distance to touchdown (m)
H = Horizontal force component (N)
T = Lay tension (N)
w = Submerged pipe weight (N/m)

Input:
Diameter=
Youngs modulus=
Water depth(d) =
Submerged pipe weight(W) =
Lay Tension(T) =

1.067 m
070E+011 N/m2
43.2 m
1.5227 KN/m
686.44 KN

Result:
Horizontal component of tension(H):
Departure angle ():
Pipe span length :
Touchdown length :

620.7 KN
25.3 degree
192.6 m
186.0 m

(when x and y is 0)
Banding radius at touch down(rbend):
Stress at touchdown:

407.6 m
270.9 N/mm2

TOUCHDOWN TENSION DUTING INSTALLATION

During all types of pipe laying axial tension, T, has been applied by tensioning system of the vessel. T
In addition it must carry the weight, w, of the span which is the free hanging part of the pipeline.
The tension force is largest immediately after the tension machine and decreases all the way to the se
The tension force, T, required with S-laying is the same as what is needed for J-laying [1].
Figure 3 shows the forces which are acting on the sagbend, S.

Tv

Z
Th

Seabed

T=

686.44 KN

W1 =

13.49 KN/m

W2 =

1.52 KN/m

Z1 =

48.5 m

Z2 =

4.3 m

Th =

554.6 KN

oning system of the vessel. The main task of the applied tension force is to control the benDing radius in the sa
ging part of the pipeline.
ecreases all the way to the sea bed.

d for J-laying [1].

Th

T = Th +W1*Z1 + W2*Z2

T = Tension in the pipeline

Th = the horizontal force in the pipe

W1 = Submerged weight of pipeline

W2 = Weight of pipeline per unit len

Z1 = the pipelines height from sea

Z2 = the pipelines height above the

benDing radius in the sagbend, S.

= Th +W1*Z1 + W2*Z2

ension in the pipeline

e horizontal force in the pipeline at bottom

ubmerged weight of pipeline per unit length

eight of pipeline per unit length in air

e pipelines height from sea bed to surface

e pipelines height above the surface

Water Depth[1]

Lay Tension

Barge Trim

Stinger Angle

Submerged Weight

Pipe Gain

Normal Lay

Case

TABLE 7.4.1 - 42 OIL PIPELINE - RESULTS OF STATIC ANALYSIS

(m)

(MT)

(DEG)

(DEG)

(N/m)

(m)

48.5

70

1522.7

5.8

Touchdown Distance

Touchdown Tension

Overbend

Sag bend

TS OF STATIC ANALYSIS

(m)

(MT)

(%)

(%)

-294.7

56.5

0.213

0.109

Total Strain