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Homework 4 of Math 200 Mathematical Analysis III in 2009, Due 12-17/10/2009
13.8 Find the gradient vector at the indicated point .
4. (, ) = sin
4 ; (3, 1),
( ) = (3, 1) =

(, ) = (, )i + (, )j =
.

7. (, , ) = sin + sin + sin ;

(, , ) = i + j + k =
( ) = (0, 0, 0) =

(0, 0, 0)
i+
.

i+

j,
2. 13.9 Find the maximum and minimum values (if any) of the function (, ) =
2 + 2 subject to the given constraint 2 + 3 = 6.

j+

k,

13.8 Find the directional derivative u ( )( ) of at in the direction

12. (, ) = sin ; (0, /4), v = (1, 1)
v
The normalized (unit) vector u = v
= (1,1) = (

).

The gradient of at (, ) is (, ) =

and hence the directional derivative u ( )( ) = ( ) u =

14. (, ) = tan1 ( );

(3, 3),

15. (, ) = sin cos ;

(/3, 2/3),

35. 13.9 Find the point(s) (if any) of the surface = + 5 closet to the origin.
(Hint: minimize the square of the distance.)

v = 2i + 3j

v = (4, 3)

13.8 Recall the following

Theorem. ( ) is maximum (minimum respectively) for a xed point if and
( )
( )
only if u =
( ) ( u = ( ) respectively).
Find the maximum directional derivative of at and the direction in which it occurs.
22. (, ) = tan1 ( ); (2, 3), (, ) =
So the maximum u ( )( ) =
24. (, ) = sin(3 4);

, ( ) =
occurs if u =

( )
( )

(/3, /4)

33. 13.8 Use the gradient vector to write an equation of the plane tangent to the
surface 1/3 + 1/3 + 1/3 = 1 at point (1, 1, 1).

36. A triangle with sides ,

, has xed perimeter 2 = + + . Its area is given
by = (, , ) = ( )( )( ). Prove that among all triangles of
xed perimeter , the one of largest area is equilateral, i.e. = = .
Solution. For the maximum area , it suces to maximize 2 = ( )(
)( ), which is equivalent to maximize the new function (, , ) = ( )(
)( ). The condition on the perimeter becomes (, , ) = + + = 2. As
, , represents the lengths, and hence , , 0. It follows that the region =
{ (, , ) , , 0, ++ = 2 } is bounded and closed subset in space. In fact,
if + + = 2, then 0 , , + + = 2, and 2 + 2 + 2 3(2)2 = 122 .
So is a closed1 and bounded subset in space, and (, , ) attains maximum
value at some point of . Then we apply the lagrange multiplier to determine
this maximum value, i.e. = , for some real number . We want to solve
(( )( ), ( )( ), ( )( ) ) = (1, 1, 1). Observe that = 0,
otherwise, one of , , will be zero, and hence the area is 0, which is
not maximal at all. So we have ( )2 = ()()()()
=
()()
= .
2
2
2
Similarly, ( ) = ( ) = ( ) = and so = = , i.e.
= = . As there is only one solution of the equation of Lagrange multiplier,
which will give the maximum value of the area.
1 It

is in general more dicult to check a subset is closed, so one can take it for granted