A hypothesis (plural hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon.

For a hypothesis
to be a scientific hypothesis, the scientific method requires that one can test it. Scientists
generally base scientific hypotheses on previous observations that cannot satisfactorily be
explained with the available scientific theories. Even though the words "hypothesis" and "theory"
are often used synonymously, a scientific hypothesis is not the same as a scientific theory. A
scientific hypothesis is a proposed explanation of a phenomenon which still has to be rigorously
tested. In contrast, a scientific theory has undergone extensive testing and is generally accepted
to be the accurate explanation behind an observation. [1][citation needed] A working hypothesis is a
provisionally accepted hypothesis proposed for further research.[2]
Inference is the act or process of deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed
to be true.[1] The conclusion drawn is also called an idiomatic. The laws of valid inference are
studied in the field of logic.
Alternatively, inference may be defined as the non-logical, but rational means, through
observation of patterns of facts, to indirectly see new meanings and contexts for understanding.
Of particular use to this application of inference are anomalies and symbols. Inference, in this
sense, does not draw conclusions but opens new paths for inquiry. (See second set of Examples.)
In this definition of inference, there are two types of inference: inductive inference and deductive
inference. Unlike the definition of inference in the first paragraph above, meaning of word
meanings are not tested but meaningful relationships are articulated.

Observation is the active acquisition of information from a primary source. In living beings,
observation employs the senses. In science, observation can also involve the recording of data
via the use of instruments. The term may also refer to any data collected during the scientific
activity.