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    Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins in living organisms. There are over 500 amino acids found in nature, but the human genetic code directly encodes 20. These 20 amino acids are categorized as essential or non-essential, with essential amino acids needing to be obtained through diet and non-essential ones able to be synthesized in the body. The document provides the chemical structure, single letter code, three letter code, and DNA codons for each of the 20 amino acids directly encoded by the human genetic code.

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    Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins in living organisms. There are over 500 amino acids found in nature, but the human genetic code directly encodes 20. These 20 amino acids are categorized as essential or non-essential, with essential amino acids needing to be obtained through diet and non-essential ones able to be synthesized in the body. The document provides the chemical structure, single letter code, three letter code, and DNA codons for each of the 20 amino acids directly encoded by the human genetic code.

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    Dummy Dummy Lecture

    Uploaded by

    Mark Cliffton Badlon
    Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins in living organisms. There are over 500 amino acids found in nature, but the human genetic code directly encodes 20. These 20 amino acids are categorized as essential or non-essential, with essential amino acids needing to be obtained through diet and non-essential ones able to be synthesized in the body. The document provides the chemical structure, single letter code, three letter code, and DNA codons for each of the 20 amino acids directly encoded by the human genetic code.

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    A GUIDE TO THE TWENTY COMMON AMINO ACIDS

    AMINO ACIDS ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF PROTEINS IN LIVING ORGANISMS. THERE ARE OVER 500 AMINO ACIDS FOUND IN NATURE - HOWEVER, THE HUMAN GENETIC CODE
    ONLY DIRECTLY ENCODES 20. ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS MUST BE OBTAINED FROM THE DIET, WHILST NON-ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS CAN BE SYNTHESISED IN THE BODY.

    Chart Key:

    ALIPHATIC

    AROMATIC

    ACIDIC

    Chemical
    Structure

    HYDROXYLIC

    H2N

    NON-ESSENTIAL

    AMIDIC

    O
    OH

    OH

    OH

    NH

    NH2

    NH2

    ESSENTIAL

    O
    OH

    OH

    NH2

    SULFUR-CONTAINING

    OH

    single letter
    code

    BASIC

    NH2

    NAME A

    Alanine A

    Glycine G

    ISOLEUCINE I

    LEUCINE L

    PROLINE P

    VALINE V

    DNA codons

    GCT, GCC, GCA, GCG

    GGT, GGC, GGA, GGG

    ATT, ATC, ATA

    CTT, CTC, CTA, CTG, TTA, TTG

    CCT, CCC, CCA, CCG

    GTT, GTC, GTA, GTG

    three letter code

    Ala

    Gly

    H
    N

    Ile

    OH

    OH

    NH2

    NH2

    OH

    OH

    NH2

    HO

    Leu

    Pro

    NH2

    OH

    H2N

    NH2

    NH2

    Val

    N
    H

    OH
    NH2

    OH
    NH2

    HN

    PHENYLALANINE F

    TRYPTOPHAN W

    TYROSINE Y

    ASPARTIC ACID D

    GLUTAMIC ACID E

    ARGININE R

    HISTIDINE H

    TTT, TTC

    TGG

    TAT, TAC

    GAT, GAC

    GAA, GAG

    CGT, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, AGG

    CAT, CAC

    Phe

    Trp

    H3N

    OH
    NH2

    OH

    HO

    Tyr

    Glu

    OH

    OH
    NH2

    Asp

    NH2

    HS

    Arg

    OH
    NH2

    His

    OH
    NH2

    H2N

    OH
    O

    H2N

    OH
    NH2

    NH2

    LYSINE K

    SERINE S

    THREONINE T

    CYSTEINE C

    METHIONINE M

    ASPARAGINE N

    GLUTAMINE Q

    AAA, AAG

    TCT, TCC, TCA, TCG, AGT, AGC

    ACT, ACC, ACA, ACG

    TGT, TGC

    ATG

    AAT, AAC

    CAA, CAG

    Lys

    Ser

    Thr

    Cys

    Met

    Asn

    Gln

    Note: This chart only shows those amino acids for which the human genetic code directly codes for. Selenocysteine is often referred to as the 21st amino acid, but is encoded in a special manner.
    In some cases, distinguishing between asparagine/aspartic acid and glutamine/glutamic acid is difficult. In these cases, the codes asx (B) and glx (Z) are respectively used.

    COMPOUND INTEREST 2014 - WWW.COMPOUNDCHEM.COM | Twitter: @compoundchem | Facebook: www.facebook.com/compoundchem


    Shared under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence.

    BY

    NC

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