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    Elieza Nicolas
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    The document discusses the key elements that make up living organisms. It states that 7 major elements - carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and calcium - comprise 98-99% of the weight of living things. These elements are used to form important biomolecules like DNA, RNA, amino acids, and fatty acids that carry out critical functions in cells. The document also provides details on specific roles and percentages of these major elements in the human body.

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    PHYSICAL SCIENCE

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    The document discusses the key elements that make up living organisms. It states that 7 major elements - carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and calcium - comprise 98-99% of the weight of living things. These elements are used to form important biomolecules like DNA, RNA, amino acids, and fatty acids that carry out critical functions in cells. The document also provides details on specific roles and percentages of these major elements in the human body.

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    5 views2 pages

    Physical Science

    Uploaded by

    Elieza Nicolas
    The document discusses the key elements that make up living organisms. It states that 7 major elements - carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and calcium - comprise 98-99% of the weight of living things. These elements are used to form important biomolecules like DNA, RNA, amino acids, and fatty acids that carry out critical functions in cells. The document also provides details on specific roles and percentages of these major elements in the human body.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    PHYSICAL SCIENCE ALL LIVING ORGANISMS ARE MADE

    UP OF ELEMENTS
    THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE:
    BIOMOLECULES  The biochemistry of the cell
    shows the different important
     The human body is made up of elements essential for living.
    different organic and inorganic  7 major elements make up 98-99
    molecules that help in maintaining percent of the weight of all living
    different cellular activities essential organisms
    for living.  C, H, O, N, P, S, Ca
    KEY OBJECTIVES:  Little amounts of Si, Cl, Mn, Co,
    Cu, & Zn
     Explain how the structures of
    biological macromolecules such as
    carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid,
    and proteins determine their
    properties and functions. SEVEN MAJOR ELEMENTS THAT
    MAKES UP LIVING ORGANISMS
    ELEMENTS & COMPOUNDS
    CARBON
    P - PHOSPHORUS
     18% of human body mass
    O - OXYGEN  Cellular respiration
    H - HYDROGEN  Main component of organic
    compounds
    S - SULFUR
    HYDROGEN
    N- NITROGEN
     10% of human body mass
    Ca - CALCIUM  Energy production
    C - CARBON  Proton pump to produce ATP
    (Adenosine Triphospate)
    CI - CHLORINE
    OXYGEN
    Mn - MANGANESE
     61-65% of human body mass
    Si - SILICON  Cellular respiration
    ELEMENT NITROGEN
     A substance that cannot be broken  3% of human body mass
    down to other substances by  Key elements for proteins,
    ordinary chemical reaction nucleic acids, and other
     25 natural elements are essential to organic molecules.
    life.
     Have some unique chemical property PHOSPHORUS
    that an organism can use to its  1.2-1.5% of human body mass
    advantage and without which it  Major component of nucleic
    cannot survive. acids
     Adequate amounts of the element
    must be available in the environment SULFUR
    in an easily accessible form.  0.20-0.25% of human body
    mass
     Important component of
    amino acids and proteins
     Allows cell to use oxygen
     DNA ( DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC
    ACID )
    CALCIUM
     genetic code that allows
     1.5% of human body mass living organisms to create
     Gives skeletal system new members of their
    rigidity and strength species.
     Important for muscle functions  RNA ( RIBONUCLEIC ACID)
     human body needs
    COMPOUNDS
    ribonucleic acid to produce
    - Substance composed of two or proteins and transmit some
    more elements that are chemically types of genetic
    combined together. information.
     Amino acids
     INORGANIC COMPOUNDS -
     The human body uses amino
    without hydro carbon
    acids to build proteins,
     ORGANIC COMPOUNDS -
    which are used to control
    contain hydro
    the processes that take
    INORGANIC COMPOUNDS place in cells.
     Fatty acids
    WATER
     Human cells have a thin
    o Universal solvent membrane that separates
    o Can exist in nature as solid, liquid cellular structures from
    and gas the fluid found outside of
    o Characteristics and functions of the cells.
    water
    BASES
    o Biological solvent
    o High heat capacity  Bitter taste, slippery, turns litmus
    o High heat of vaporization paper blue
    o Medium for chemical and physical  Sodium hydroxide (soaps),
    processes potassium hydroxide, ammonium
    o Means of transport hydroxide and some antacids.

    ACIDS ELECTROLYTES

    -Tastes sour, change color of certain  Examples are sodium chloride


    indicators (litmus paper - red). (NaCl), bicarbonate (HCO3 ),
    phosphate (PO4 2- ) , sulfate (SO4
    ACIDS THAT ARE IMPORTANT TO
    2- ), and magnesium (Mg2+)
    THE HUMAN BODY
    CARBON DIOXIDE
     Hydrochloric acid (HCI)
     The stomach contains cells  Raw materials need to
    that produce hydrochloric manufacture glucose.
    acid, a component of the  In animals, it’s a waste product
    gastric juice that helps from break down of organic
    humans digest food. substance such as glucose.
     Lactic acid (C3H6O3 )  By-product in the production of
     This prompts the muscle ethanol through fermentation and
    cells to produce lactic acid combustion of fossil fuels.
    as a source of fuel for the
    mitochondria, which
    produce energy.

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