Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Case Study Analysis Planetary Gearbox Sept 5 2006 PDF
Case Study Analysis Planetary Gearbox Sept 5 2006 PDF
Abstract:
A two stage planetary gearbox used in underground coal mining experienced an overload in service which
caused bearing and bolting failures. The gearbox was repaired and underwent a no load spin test. A very audible
noise was present in the vicinity of the 1st stage gear set. Vibration analysis was used to determine the source of
the vibration. The equations for calculating the planetary gear shaft speeds, gear meshing frequencies, and
bearing frequencies in the gearbox are provided.
Background:
Gearboxes used in underground coal mining are of compact design. A typical two stage planetary gearbox, 800
HP, 40.173:1 Ratio with 1800 RPM input is shown in Figure 1. The unit was received by a repair facility for
rebuild following failure from an overload incident. It was reported that the bearings were replaced and that one
bearing had broken into many fragments. Following repairs a no load spin test of the gearbox was performed as
a check for bearing faults, Figure 2. There was an audible impacting type noise from the input planetary
section.
Analysis:
During the spin test, vibration data were measured using an accelerometer with rare earth magnetic mount.
Initial inspection of the data indicated impacting and ringing of natural frequencies of the gearbox, Figure 3.
The impacts measured a 221.87 mSec period or 4.507 Hz ~ 704.6 CPM. The FFT of the time domain data
showed harmonics of 704.6 CPM and indication of
excitation of several natural frequencies of the gearbox.
1 of 12
Case Study Two Stage Planetary Gearbox - Ken Singleton Sept 4, 2006
Before a determination of the source of the vibration could be made, an understanding of the gearbox design
was required and calculation of the excitation frequencies. Based on the information provided by the drawing
shown in Figure 1, several calculations were made to obtain the shaft speeds, bearing fault frequencies and gear
meshing frequencies.
LW - JoyL700EP 40.173
SN-85836 -P2H Pt 2 Hor Input Shaft
0.12
Route Spectrum
16-Mar-06 08:48:16
OVERALL= .0802 V-AN
RMS = .3892
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 506. (8.44 Hz)
Resonance at about
66,000 CPM
0.09
0.06
0.03
0
0
20000
80000
100000
3
Acceleration in G-s
40000
60000
Frequencyin CPM
Route Waveform
16-Mar-06 08:48:16
RMS = .3743
PK(+/-) = 2.17/2.15
CRESTF= 5.80
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
0
4
5
6
Revolution Number
Figure 3. Vibration Signal Measured at Gearbox Input Section Showed Impacts at 221.87 mSec Interval ~ 4.507 Hz ~
704.6 CPM. The FFT (Top Plot) Indicated Excitation of Several Resonant Frequencies Including A Very Response
One at About 66,000 CPM ~ 1,100 Hz.
Epicyclic gear boxes derive their name from the epicyclodial curves that the planet gears produce during
rotation. There are three general types of epicyclic arrangements, 1) planetary which consists of a stationary
ring gear combined with a rotating sun gear and moving planet carrier, 2) star configuration which consists of a
stationary planet carrier coupled with a rotating sun gear, and 3) solar gear that has a fixed sun gear combined
with a moving ring gear and planet carrier. The planetary arrangement is most common and is shown by the
schematic in Figure 4. The subject gearbox had the planetary arrangement for the 1st and 2nd stages. Input was
from the sun with three planets supported by a carrier revolving about the sun pinion and the ring gear fixed.
2 of 12
Case Study Two Stage Planetary Gearbox - Ken Singleton Sept 4, 2006
SS
RT
PT
ST
Tvalue
1st Stage
1782
112
47
17
0.151786
CS
Carrier RPM
-234.838
-44.358
PS
PSabsolute
RS
PGMF
Planet RPM
Planet RPM Absolute
Ring Gear RPM
Planet Gear Meshing Freq
CPM
Sun Gear Meshing Freq CPM
Stage Ratio
559.612
-324.775
0
26,301.76
119.931
-75.573
0
3,238.14
30,294.00
7.5882
3,992.23
5.2941
FGMF-Sun
Ratio
2nd Stage
-234.838
73
27
17
0.2328767
TValue =
ST PT
17 47
=
= 0.151786
PT RT
47 112
CS =
RS Tvalue S S
1 Tvalue
The negative sign - indicates the carrier is rotating in the opposite direction to the sun gear.
The 2nd stage carrier speed which is also the output of the gearbox calculated to:
TValue =
CS =
ST PT 17 27
=
= 0.2328767
PT RT
27 73
RS Tvalue S S
1 Tvalue
0.2328767 234.8376
54.6882
=
= 44.3582 RPM
1 (0.2328767)
1.2328767
3 of 12
Case Study Two Stage Planetary Gearbox - Ken Singleton Sept 4, 2006
Rt + St 112 + 17
=
= 7.5882
17
St
CS =
S S 1782
=
= 234.838 RPM
RO 7.588
RO =
CS =
Rt + St 73 + 17
=
= 5.2941
17
St
S S 234.838
=
= 44.358 RPM
5.2941
RO
4 of 12
Case Study Two Stage Planetary Gearbox - Ken Singleton Sept 4, 2006
PS = CS
RT
112
= 234.838
= 559.613 RPM
47
PT
The 1st stage absolute planet rotational frequency can be determined by summing the carrier and planet
rotational frequencies algebraically. Note that this frequency seldom appears in vibration data.
PS = CS
RT
73
= 44.3594
= 119.935 RPM
PT
27
PR =
Rt
112
( RS CS ) =
(234.838) = 559.614 RPM
47
Pt
PR =
Rt
73
( RS CS ) =
(44.3594) = 119.935 RPM
27
Pt
5 of 12
Case Study Two Stage Planetary Gearbox - Ken Singleton Sept 4, 2006
6 of 12
Case Study Two Stage Planetary Gearbox - Ken Singleton Sept 4, 2006
BSF
6142.55
5326.40
2738.31
381.04
0.00
398.89
BPFO
14523.30
7459.45
6474.50
1128.20
0.00
856.60
BPFI
19334.70
10360.55
8619.62
1267.13
0.00
1279.16
The bearing fault frequencies were calculated using Machinery Health Manager software (CSI RBMware).
Equations from Reference 2 are provided below.
CageHz
n
d
) cos
= 1 (
2
P.D.
Ball SpinHz
P.D. n
d 2
) cos 2 }
=
{1 (
d
2
P.D
n
d
= Z {1 (
) cos }
P.D.
2
n
d
Ball PassInner RaceHz = Z {1 + (
) cos }
P.D.
2
Where:
d = Rolling Element Diameter
n = Shaft Freqeuncy
Cycles
RPM
or (
), Hz
sec
60
O.D. + bore
)
2
7 of 12
Case Study Two Stage Planetary Gearbox - Ken Singleton Sept 4, 2006
1st Stage
1782
112
47
17
0.151786
CS
Carrier RPM
-234.838
-44.359
PS
PSabsolute
RS
PGMF
Planet RPM
Planet RPM Absolute
Ring Gear RPM
Planet Gear Meshing Freq
CPM
Sun Gear Meshing Freq CPM
Planet Passing Freq
Stage Ratio
559.612
-324.775
0
26,301.77
119.931
-75.573
0
3,238.14
30,294.00
704.514
7.5882
3,992.23
226.719
5.2941
FGMF-Sun
PPass
Ratio
2nd Stage
-234.838
73
27
17
0.2328767
8 of 12
Case Study Two Stage Planetary Gearbox - Ken Singleton Sept 4, 2006
Expanding the time domain plot to show only two pulses, Figure 5, the pulses ring down which is typical
response of structural resonance. The spectrum data also provided clear indication of resonance excitation.
LW - Joy L700EP 40.173
SN-85836 -P1H Pt 3 Hor 1st Stage Planet
RM
SAccelerationinG-s
0.08
0.07
Route Spectrum
29-Mar-06 13:26:54
OVERALL= .0786 V-AN
RMS = .4462
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 506. (8.44 Hz)
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
0
20000
40000
60000
Frequency in CPM
80000
100000
AccelerationinG-s
4
3
Route W aveform
29-Mar-06 13:26:54
RMS = .6026
PK(+/-) = 3.24/3.35
CRESTF= 7.63
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
120
140
160
180
200
Time in mSecs
220
240
260
Time: 233.07
Ampl: -1.555
Dtim:
85.42
Freq: 702.45
Plotting a single pulse in Figure 6 showed more clearly the time between oscillations was about 1.042 mSec or
57,600 CPM. Note that spectrum analyzers dont make good oscilloscopes due to the rather course sampling at
2.56 times the maximum frequency to be displayed in the frequency spectrum.
LW - Joy L700EP 40.173
SN-85836 -P1H Pt 3 Hor 1st Stage Planet
Route W aveform
29-Mar-06 13:26:54
RMS = .7497
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 506. (8.44 Hz)
AccelerationinG-s
PK(+) = 3.24
PK(-) = 3.35
CRESTF= 7.63
-1
-2
-3
-4
140
150
160
170
Time in mSecs
180
190
200
Time: 148.70
Ampl: 2.108
Dtim: 1.042
Freq: 57601.
Figure 6. Expanded Plot of One of The Impact Events in The Time Domain Shows The Ring Down Frequency Is
About 57,600 CPM.
9 of 12
Case Study Two Stage Planetary Gearbox - Ken Singleton Sept 4, 2006
Plotting the time data in a circular plot, Figure 7, clearly shows three periodic impacts per revolution of the
carrier. The impacts occurred as each planet rolled over a damaged ring gear tooth.
Peakvue spectrum and time domain data
are plotted in Figure 8 and shows
impacting to about 5gs with the same
frequency content as the normal
vibration data. The auto correlation plot
of Peakvue time data is plotted in
Figure 9 in a circular plot format.
LW - JoyL700EP 40.173
SN-85836 -P1H Pt 3 Hor 1st Stage Planet
0
Route Waveform
29-Mar-06 13:26:54
Acceleration in G-s
RMS = .4867
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 234.
RPS = 3.90
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
PK(+) = 3.24
PK(-) = 3.35
CRESTF= 7.63
270
90
Time in mSecs
Phas: 327.60
Time: 233.33
Rev : .910
Ampl: 1.660
180
Revolution Number:
.0 - 1.0
0.24
LW - JoyL700EP 40.173
SN-85836 -P3P Pt 3 Hor Peakvue 1st Planet
0
Analyze Spectrum
16-Mar-06 08:52:55
(PkVue-HP 1000 Hz)
RMS = .4552
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 506. (8.44 Hz)
0.20
0.16
0.12
RMS = .1426
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 235.
RPS = 3.92
0.08
0.04
20000
40000
Frequencyin CPM
60000
Acceleration in G-s
Analyze W aveform
16-Mar-06 08:52:55
(PkVue-HP 1000 Hz)
RMS = .9385
PK(+) = 5.07
CRESTF= 5.40
DCoff = 0.0
5
4
3
2
Correlation Factor
1.0
Analyze ACorr(W f)
16-Mar-06 08:52:55
(PkVue-HP 1000 Hz)
PK(+) = .6842
PK(-) = .1664
CRESTF= 4.80
0.5
0
90
270
-0.5
-1.0
1
0
0
0.4
0.8
Time in Seconds
1.2
1.6
180
Revolution Number:
.0 - 3.1
Gearbox Inspection:
With the likely problem area in the gearbox identified, the gearbox was dissembled for inspection. A small
fragment of the disintegrated bearing was found imbedded in the unloaded side of one tooth of the ring gear.
The bearing fragment was removed, the damaged tooth dressed, the gearbox reassembled and spin tested again.
Before and after vibration data are plotted in Figure 9 & 10. The periodic impacting caused by the planet teeth
rolling over the damaged ring gear tooth was reduced.
R
M
SA
cceleratio
ninG
-s
0.20
Route Spectrum
16-Mar-06 08:52:06
OVERALL= .0837 V-AN
RMS = .4798
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 506. (8.44 Hz)
0.15
0.10
0.05
0
A
cceleratio
ninG
-s
20000
40000
60000
Frequency in CPM
80000
100000
4
3
Route W aveform
16-Mar-06 08:52:06
RMS = .4821
PK(+/-) = 3.26/3.60
CRESTF= 7.46
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
0
0.3
0.6
Time in Seconds
0.9
1.2
Figure 9. Initial Spectrum And Time Domain Data With Brg Fragment Imbedded In The Ring Gear.
R
M
SA
cceleratio
ninG
-s
0.20
Route Spectrum
18-Apr-06 13:05:56
OVERALL= .0546 V-AN
RMS = .1958
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 506. (8.44 Hz)
0.15
0.10
0.05
0
A
ccelerationinG
-s
20000
40000
60000
Frequency in CPM
80000
100000
4
3
Route W aveform
18-Apr-06 13:05:56
RMS = .2035
PK(+/-) = 1.03/1.22
CRESTF= 6.00
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
0
0.3
0.6
Time in Seconds
0.9
1.2
Figure 10. Spectrum And Time Domain Data After Dressing Ring Gear Damaged Tooth.
11 of 12
Case Study Two Stage Planetary Gearbox - Ken Singleton Sept 4, 2006
Conclusions:
Figure 11. Ring Gear Tooth Afer Removing Brg Fragment & Dressing
Raised Metal.
This article describes the process that was used to analyze impacting type vibration of a two stage epicyclic
planetary gearbox during a post-repair unloaded spin test. The forcing frequencies were calculated and
identified the probably source of the vibration. Inspection of the ring gear identified fragments of a bearing race
embedded in the unloaded side of a ring gear tooth.
References:
1. Eisenmann, Sr., P.E., Eisenmann, Robert, C., Jr. Machinery Malfunction Diagnosis and Correction,
Prentice Hall PRT, ISBN 0-13-240946-1, PP 470-477.
2. Guyer, Raymond A. Jr., Rolling Bearings Handbook And Troubleshooting Guide, ISBN 0-8019-887613, PP 108.
Author
Ken Singleton is Manager of KSC Consulting LLC with over 40 years industrial experience. He retired from
Eastman Chemical Company in 1999 as a Senior Engineering Technologist in the Rotating Machinery
Technology Group after 32 years service. He has presented technical papers at the Vibration Institute National
Meetings, P/PM Conferences, ASME Joint Power Conferences, and Piedmont Chapter of the Vibration
Institute. Education includes an AAS Electronic Engineering Technology, Mechanical Engineering ICS,
Journeyman Machinist, Washington Co Technical School.
12 of 12
Case Study Two Stage Planetary Gearbox - Ken Singleton Sept 4, 2006