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Diagchrt
Diagchrt
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St. James House, Temple Sowerby, Cumbria, CA10 1RS, United Kingdom. +44(0)1768362866
COUPLE UNBALANCE
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Diagnosing Unbalance
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900
900
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ECCENTRIC ROTOR
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ANGULAR MISALIGNMENT
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PARALLEL MISALIGNMENT
1x
2x
4x
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Radial
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BENT SHAFT
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MISALIGNED BEARING
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SLEEVE BEARING
WEAR / CLEARANCE PROBLEMS
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St. James House, Temple Sowerby, Cumbria, CA10 1RS, United Kingdom. +44(0)1768362866
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St. James House, Temple Sowerby, Cumbria, CA10 1RS, United Kingdom. +44(0)1768362866
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St. James House, Temple Sowerby, Cumbria, CA10 1RS, United Kingdom. +44(0)1768362866
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St. James House, Temple Sowerby, Cumbria, CA10 1RS, United Kingdom. +44(0)1768362866
ROTOR RUB
Truncated waveform
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RESONANCE
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BELT RESONANCE
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BELT FREQUENCY
HARMONICS
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1X RPM OF
ECCENTRIC
PULLEY
RADIAL
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1X DRIVER
OR DRIVEN
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HYDRAULIC AND
AERODYNAMIC FORCES
BPF = BLADE PASS
FREQUENCY
If gap between vanes and casing is not equal, Blade Pass Frequency
may have high amplitude
High BPF may be present if impeller wear ring seizes on shaft
Eccentric rotor can cause amplitude at BPF to be excessive
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HYDRAULIC AND
AERODYNAMIC FORCES
FLOW TURBULENCE
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CAVITATION
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BEAT VIBRATION
WIDEBAND SPECTRUM
F1
F2
ZOOM
SPECTRUM
A beat is the result of two closely spaced frequencies going into and out of
phase
The wideband spectrum will show one peak pulsating up and down
The difference between the peaks is the beat frequency which itself will be
present in the wideband spectrum
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ELECTRICAL PROBLEMS
STATOR ECCENTRICITY
SHORTED LAMINATIONS
AND LOOSE IRON
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ELECTRICAL PROBLEMS
SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
(Loose Stator Coils)
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ELECTRICAL PROBLEMS
POWER SUPPLY
PHASE PROBLEMS
(Loose Connector)
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ELECTRICAL PROBLEMS
ECCENTRIC ROTOR
(Variable Air Gap)
Eccentric rotors produce a rotating variable air gap, this induces pulsating
vibration
Often requires zoom spectrum to separate 2F L and running speed harmonic
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ELECTRICAL PROBLEMS
DC MOTOR PROBLEMS
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ELECTRICAL PROBLEMS
ROTOR PROBLEMS
1X, 2X, 3X, RPM with pole pass frequency sidebands indicates rotor bar problems.
2X line frequency sidebands on rotor bar pass frequency (RBPF) indicates loose rotor
bars.
Often high levels at 2X & 3X rotor bar pass frequency and only low level at 1X rotor
bar pass frequency.
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POLE
POLE
MINIMUM
MAXIMUM
MAX
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MIN
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FREQUENCIES
1700 RPM
51 TEETH
31 TEETH
20 TEETH
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GEARS
NORMAL SPECTRUM
2625 rpm
8 teeth
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GEARS
TOOTH LOAD
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GEARS
TOOTH WEAR
8 teeth
2625 rpm
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GEARS
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GEARS
GEAR MISALIGNMENT
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GEARS
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Diagnostic Engineers
Bd COS
Pd
BSF =
2Bd
FTF =
1
2
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Nb
1 - Pd
Bd
(1 - ( P
B
(1-P COS
COS
BPFO =
1 + Pd COS
XRPM
X RPM
((
D1
Bd
DB
BPFI =
Nb
D0
XRPM
X RPM
F = frequency in cpm
N = number of balls
St. James House, Temple Sowerby, Cumbria, CA10 1RS, United Kingdom. +44(0)1768362866
ZONE B
ZONE C
ZONE D
gSE
Earliest
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ZONE C ZONE D
gSE
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ZONE B
ZONE C
ZONE D
gSE
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ZONE B
ZONE C
gSE
Discreet bearing defect frequencies disappear and are replaced by random broad band
vibration in the form of a noise floor
Towards the end, even the amplitude at 1 X RPM is effected
High frequency noise floor amplitudes and Spike Energy may in fact decrease
Just prior to failure gSE may rise to high levels
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GEARS
HUNTING TOOTH
f
Ht = (GMF)Na
(TGEAR)(TPINION)
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Diagnostic Engineers
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oil whirl
Oil whip may occur if a machine is operated at 2X the rotor critical frequency.
When the rotor drives up to 2X critical, whirl is close to critical and excessive
vibration will stop the oil film from supporting the shaft.
Whirl speed will lock onto rotor critical. If the speed is increased the whip
frequency will not increase.
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