Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Poto je malo komplikovano da ubacujemo p(x) i q(x) u gotovo reenje , na savet je da najpre reite:
p ( x )dx
, zatim
q(x)e
p ( x )dx
esto se deava situacija kad ne moemo linearnu diferencijalnu jednainu reavati po y , ve moramo
x`+ p( y)x = q( y) a reenje e biti oblika:
y` -2xy = (x x3) e x
Reenje:
y` -2xy = (x x ) e
x2
p(x)dx
q(x)e
Sad reavamo
q(x)e
p( x) dx
x2
x2
= x 2
p( x ) dx
dx
dx = (x x )e e
3
x 2 x 2
dx = (x x )dx =
3
x2
2
x4
4
y= e
(c + q(x)e
y = e [c +
x2
p( x) dx
dx)
=e
x2
)[c +
x2
x4
x2
] = ex [c +
2
x2
x4
4
x4
]
4
] je opte reenje
xy` + 2y = x2
2
y`+ y = x odavde zakljuujemo da je
x
p(x)=
i q(x)= x
p(x)dx
p(x)dx = xdx =2 ln x = ln x
q(x)e
Sad reavamo
q(x)e
p ( x) dx
dx = xe
p ( x )dx
dx
ln x 2
dx =
xx
dx = x dx =
3
ln x
[c +
y = e p ( x) dx (c + q(x)e p ( x) dx dx) = e
=
2
x4
4
y=
1
x
[c +
x4
4
1
x2
[c +
x4
] dakle:
] je opte reenje.
Primer 3.
y` cos2x = tg x y
y` cos x = tg x y
y` cos2x + y = tg x
y` +
y = tgx
cos2 x
cos x
2
Odavde je:
1
tgx
..................q(x) =
2
cos x
cos2 x
p(x) =
p(x)dx
p(x)dx = cos
q(x)e
p ( x) dx
dx =
tgx2
cos x
t =u
et dt = dv
dt = du
e =v
t
dx = tg x
tgx
e dx =
tgx = t
= te dt = parcijalna integracija...... =
1
dx
=
dt
cos2 x
p ( x) dx
p ( x) dx
y= e
dx) = etgx [c + tgxetgx etgx ]
(c + q(x)e
y = e tgx c + tgx
1
opte reenje
je partikularno reenje
dx + (e y x)dy = 0
dx + (e y x)dy = 0
(e y x)dy = dx............../ : dx
dy
(e y x)
= 1
dx
(e y x) y`= 1................?
Vidimo da ne moe!
Onda pokuamo da napravimo oblik po x
Najpre da se podsetimo da je y`=
dy
dx
1
dx
dy
y`= 1
x`
x`
(e y x) y`= 1
1
(e y x) = 1
x`
y
e x = x`
x`x = e y
Sad je postupak analogan:
p ( y )dy
p( y
x = e )dy
(c + q( y)e
dy)
x`1 x = e y p( y) = 1 q( y) = e y
p( y)dy = (1)dy = y
q( y)e dy = (e )e dy = (1)dy = y
p( y )
p ( y )dy
p( y
x = e )dy
(c + q( y)e
dy)
x = e( y ) (c + ( y))
x = e y (c + y)
Dobili smo opte reenje.
Primer 5.
Rei diferencijalnu jednainu:
y`=
y
2 y ln y + y x
Reenje:
1
y
x`
2 y ln y + y
x
yx`= 2 y ln y + y x............................/ : y
x
x`= 2 ln y +1
y
x
x`+ = 2 ln y +1
y
x` +
1
x = 2 ln y +1
y
q( y)
p( y)
p( y)dy = y dy = ln y
q( y)e
p( y)
dy = ( 2 ln y +1)eln y dy = ( 2 ln y +1)ydy
2 ln y +1 = u ydy = dv
y
2
y
y 2 (2 ln y +1) 2 dy = 2 ( 2 ln y +1) ydy
2
2
=
y
dy = du
=v
2
2 y
2
y
2
2
2
2
y2
y
= ( 2 ln y +1) =
2 ln y +1 1 = 2 ln y = y2 ln y
y
y
(2 ln y +1)ydy =
x = e ln y (c + y 2 ln
y) x =
y)
x=
(c + y2 ln
y
c
+ y ln
yy