CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
The Politeness Strategy Used by the Main Character in Divergent movie
1.1 Background of study
Language is the most important aspect in the life of all beings. We use
language to express inner thoughts and emotions, make sense of complex and
abstract thought, to learn to communicate with others, to fulfill our wants and
needs, as well as to establish rules and maintain our culture.
Language is also stated in the Holy Quran of surah Ar rum
in verse 22.

And of His signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth and the
diversity of your languages and your colors. Indeed in that are signs for those of
knowledge. Sahih International (https://quran.com/30:22)
Language

addition

to

serving

as

an

instrument

of

communication to convey knowledge, meanings, and ideas then,

it also serves to build and retain a good relationship with the
others too. And language also telling backgrounds signs to reflect
the different of social and regions of the speaker through
language accent and pronunciation of the speaker too.

According to Brown and Levinson, politeness strategies are

developed inorder to save the hearers' "face." Face refers to the
respect that an individual has for him or herself, and maintaining
that "self-esteem" in public or in private situations. Usually you
try to avoid embarrassing the other person, or making them feel
uncomfortable. Face Threatening Acts (FTA's) are acts that
infringe on the hearers need to maintain his/her self esteem, and
be

respected.

Politeness

strategies

aredeveloped

for

the

mainpurpose of dealing with these FTA's(Ogiermann, 2009: 11).

There are four types of politeness strategies, described by Brown
and Levinson thatsum up human"politeness" behavior: Baldon
Record, Positive Politeness, Negative Politeness, and Off-Recordindirect strategy(Muhaiminah, 2013: 1).
Allah commands His servant Muhammad (SAW) to tell the believing
servants of Allah that they should address one another in their conversations and
discussions with the best and politest of words, for if they do not do that, Shaytan
will sow discord among them, and words will lead to actions, so that evil and
conflicts and fights will arise among them. For Shaytan is the enemy of Adam and
his descendants, and has been since he refused to prostrate to Adam. His enmity is
obvious and manifest. For this reason it is forbidden for a man to point at his
Muslim brother with an iron instrument, for Shaytan may cause him to strike him
with it. (Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Hurayrah said: "The Messenger of Allah
said:

Means: No one of you should point at his brother with a weapon, for he
does not know whether Shaytan will cause him to strike him with it and thus be
thrown into a pit of Fire. (Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded this Hadith with the
chain of narration from `Abdur-Razzaq)
Politeness strategies are used by people to ensure a smooth
communication. The phenomenon of politeness strategies occurs in our daily
communication through many conversations. It could be the conversation in
movie which contains many politeness strategies that are performed by the
characters of movie. Considering the entire phenomenon above, the writer
interested to research entitles A Politeness Strategy Used by The Main
Characters in divergent movie.
Divergent is an American science fiction action film directed by Neil
Burger, based on the novel of the same name by Veronica Roth. This movie tells
about human identity, searching of human soul when to be teenagers. Divergent
imagines a society in which the citizens are divided into five factions to keep the
peace. First is the smart ones, the ones who value knowledge and logic are in
Erudite. They know everything. Second is amity farm the land. They're all about
kindness, harmony, and always happy. Third is honesty. They tell the truth, even
when you wish they would not. Forth is the dauntless are protectors, soldiers, and
police. They are brave, fearless and free. And then there is Abnegation. The others

all call them "stiffs." They lead a simple life, selfless, dedicated to helping others.
According to the main character, she is a young woman who's thoughtful, giving
and strong all at once. She's got pieces of a few different factions in her, which
makes her Divergent or 'dangerous' The inevitable sequel will show us what else
she's got in her.
In this study, the researcher will describe the politeness strategies used by
the main character in Divergent movie. The researcher chooses that the movie
because she is interested in the story especially with the language that is used by
the main character.
1.2 Research questions
Based on the background above, the problems of the study
are formulated as follow:
a. What types of politeness strategies used by the main
characters in divergent movie?
1.3 Objective of Study
Based on the research question, the objectives of the study
are to:
1. Analyze the types of positive politeness strategies used by
the main characters in divergent movie.
1.4 Significances of study

The researcher hopefully:

1. This research can be able to inform the readers more
about politeness strategies.
2. This research can help the writer to improve the
knowledge about politeness strategies.
3. This research will be useful for the readers to learn
about literature, especially in linguistics.
1.5 Literature riview
Before presenting the object to be analyzed in this project of graduating
paper, it is necessary firstly to look at the prior researches related to this research.
The first is a graduating paper by Yuni Murliyati from state Islamic University of
Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta in 2013 entitled Politeness Strategies Used by
George Milton in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men. This research describes the
politeness strategies used by George Milton. The theory of this research is Brown
and Levinsons politeness strategies theory. The method of this research is
descriptive qualitative. The result of this research shows how the politeness
strategies used by George Milton in his directive utterance. First, there are 35
commands that were addressed to Lennie and Candy by using various politeness
strategies. Of 35 commands, 24 were delivered by using bald on record strategy, 6
were delivered by applying positive politeness strategy, and the rest 3 were
delivered by using negative politeness strategy. Second, there are 20 requests that

were addressed to Lennie, Candy, Slim, Curly, and Whit. Of 20 requests, 3 are
delivered by using bald on record strategy, 7 were delivered by using positive
politeness strategy, 8 were uttered by using negative politeness, and the rest 2
were delivered by applying off-record strategy and mixture of strategies. Third,
there are 5 suggestions that were given to Lennie, the boss, and Slim. Of 5
suggestions, 2 are delivered by using positive politeness strategy, whereas 3 were
uttered by using negative politeness.
The second is graduating paper by Fitriyah Aslikhatulmilah state Islamic
University of Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta in 2015 entitled Politeness Strategies
Used by Charlie and Max in in Real Steel: An Analysis of Command Utterance
this research analyzes the use of politeness and the different kinds of politeness
strategies occurred in Charlie and Maxs command utterance in Real Steel. The
theory of this research is Brown and Levinsons politeness strategies theory. The
method of this research is descriptive qualitative. The result of this research shows
the realization of how politeness strategies used by Charlie and Max in their
command, and the similarities and the differences of Charlie and Max in using
politeness strategies in their command utterances. First, there are 157 command
utterances that are delivered by Charlie to the addresses by using various
politeness strategies. Of 157 command utterances, 115 are delivered by using
bald-on-record strategy, 28 are delivered by using positive politeness strategy, 12
are delivered by using negative politeness, and 2 are delivered by using mixture of
strategies. Second, there are 62 command utterances that are delivered by max to
the addresses by using various politeness strategies. Of 62 command utterances,

44 are delivered by using bald-on-record strategy, and 13 are delivered by using

positive politeness strategy, 4 are delivered by using mixture of strategies. Third,
the use of politeness strategy between Charlie and Max their command utterances
has similarities and differences. Both of Charlie and Max use 4 types of politeness
strategies in their command utterances, it means that Charlie and max have the
same ability and all politeness strategy accepts in bald on record.
The third is graduating paper by Anang fatkhurozi from University of
Maulana Malik Ibrahim in 2007 entitled Politeness Strategies used by Mia and
Her grandma in Princess Diaries. This research describes the politeness
strategies used by Mia and Her grandma in Princess Diaries. The theories of this
research are Scollon and Scollons politeness theory. The method of this research
is descriptive qualitative. The result of this research shows that both Mia and her
grandma used two kinds of strategies based on scollons concept of politeness,
they are involvement and independent strategies. There were 20 politeness
strategies used by Mia. Of 20 politeness strategies, 4 involvement strategies, and
16 independent strategies. Meanwhile, there are 15 politeness strategies used by
her grandma. Of 15 politeness strategies, 12 involvement strategies, and 3
independent strategies.

1.6 Theoretical Approach

The researcher will use Brown and Levinson politeness strategies theory.
This research will be focused on positive politeness strategies. Positive politeness

is used to satisfy the positive face of the hearers, desire of being liked and
accepted, by regarding them as people who have close relationship with the
speaker.
Further explanation of this theory will be stated in the next chapter.
1.7 Type of research
The type of this research is descriptive method.
1.7.1

Data Source
Data of this source is the subject where the data come from
(Ariknto). The data source of this research is Divergent movie.

1.7.2

Data Collection Technique

There are several technique in collection data, they are:
1. Getting the movie from YouTube.
2. Looking for the transcript of the movie.
3. Noticing the utterances and selecting dialogue that relate to the

1.7.3

research.
Method of Data Analysis
There are some steps of analyzing data.
1. Identifying the data that related with utterances by the main
characters.
2. Classifying and analyze the utterances.
3. After that, interpreting the data.
4. Then, making a conclusion based on the result of the analysis.

REFERENCES

Ogiermann, Eva. 2009. On Apologizing in Negative and Positive Politeness

Cultures. John Benjamins: The Netherlands.
Muhaiminah, Husnul. 2013. The Violations of Politeness Principle in Humor
Scenes of Lovely Complex Comic Series. Thesis. State Islamic University
Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta.
Campbell, Ashley and Mailman, Lindsay. Language devilopment. Web
http://languagedevelopment.tripod.com/id2.html.
Nasihin, Chrul. 2016. A Politeness Strategies Used by The Mian Character in Big
Miracle Movie. Web. https://www.academia.edu/6740671/
Sahih International. Web. https://quran.com/30:22