Formula sheet: Mathematics

Trigonometry
Angle sum and difference identities
cos( ) = cos() cos() + sin() sin()

(1)

cos( + ) = cos() cos() sin() sin()

(2)

sin( ) = sin() cos() cos() sin()

(3)

sin( + ) = sin() cos() + cos() sin()

(4)

tan( ) =

tan() tan()
1 + tan() tan()

(5)

tan( + ) =

tan() + tan()
1 tan() tan()

(6)

Double-angle formulae
cos(x) = cos2 (x) sin2 (x) = 2 cos2 (x) 1 = 1 2 sin2 (x)

(7)

sin(x) = 2 sin(x) cos(x)

(8)

2 tan(x)
1 tan2 (x)

(9)

cos(x)2 + sin(x)2 = 1

(10)

xa+1
+C
a+1

(a 6= 1)

(11)

(a 6= 1)

(12)

tan(x) =
Pythagorean identity

Integrals
Z

xa dx =

ax dx =
Z

ax
+C
ln(a)

1
dx = ln(|x|) + C
x
Z
ex dx = ex + C

(14)

sin(x) dx = cos(x) + C

(15)

(13)

Z
cos(x) dx = sin(x) + C

(16)

sec2 (x) dx = tan(x) + C

(17)

csc2 (x) dx = cot(x) + C

(18)

1
dx = tan1 (x) + C = arctan(x) + C
1 + x2

(19)

1
dx = sin1 (x) + C = arcsin(x) + C
1 x2

(20)