GROUP STUDY - OP AMPS AND ICS DIGITAL ELECTRONICS ANSWER KEY

1. An amplifier basically constructed from two transistors and whose output is proportional to the difference between the
voltages applied to its two inputs.
a. differential amplifier b. cascode amplifier
c. complementary amplifier
d.quasi-complementary amplifier
2. It is a very high-gain differential amplifier with very high input impedance and very low output impedance.
a. par-amp
b. op-amp
c. differential amp
d. complementary amp
3. What are the possible applications of operational amplifiers (op-amps)?
a. ac and dc-amplifiers
c. oscillators and signal conditioning
b. voltage-level detectors and comparators
d. all of the above
4. An operational amplifier must have at least how many usable terminals?
a. 3 terminals
b. 5 terminals
c. 8 terminals
d. 14 terminals
5. Ideally, op-amps have infinite input resistance and ________ output resistance.
a. Infinite
b. zero
c. variable
d. a highly stabilized
6. When the same signal is applied to both inverting and non-inverting input terminals of an ideal op-amp, the output
voltage would be
a. zero (0) V
b. +VSAT
c. VSAT
d. offset voltage
7. The operating mode of an op-amp, when both inputs are tied together or when the input signal is common to both
inputs.
a. differential mode
b. rejection mode
c. double-ended mode d. common mode
8. When one input of the op-amp is connected to ground and the other is to the signal source, its operation is called
a. single-ended output
b. double-ended output c. single-ended input
d. double-ended input
9. If op-amps are operated in differential mode, its gain is technically termed as
a. common-mode differential gain b. differential gain
c. open-loop gain
d. closed-loop gain
10. An operational amplifier has a common-mode voltage gain of 10 and a differential-mode voltage gain of 20,000,
calculate its common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR).
a. 200
b. 2,000
c. 20,000
d. 200,000
11. The non-inverting and inverting inputs of an op-amp have an input voltage of 1.5 mV and 1.0 mV, respectively. If the
op-amp has a common-mode voltage gain of 10 and a differential-mode gain of 10,000, what is its output voltage?
a. 5.0 V
b. 5.0125 mV
c. 5.0125 V
d. 25.0125 V
12. What is the maximum output voltage swing of an op-amp?
a. +V to -V (supply voltage)
b. +VSAT to VSAT
c. +V to -V d. depends on the input signal
13. The A741 op-amp has a CMRR of 90dB and a differential-mode voltage amplification of 200,000.What is the opamps common-mode voltage gain?
a. 31,622.778
b. 632.40
c. 6.324
d. 0.158
14. The current needed at the input of an op-amp to operate it normally
a. input bias current
b. input offset current c. input threshold current
d. input holding current
15. The reason why a slight difference between the input bias current occurs in op-amps is due to the unsymmetrical
circuit component parameters. This unsymmetrical condition also produces a difference in input voltage called what?
a. drift voltage
b. differential voltage
c. input offset voltage d. input threshold voltage
16. It is known through experiment that the input bias currents at the non-inverting (IB+) and inverting (IB-) inputs of a
certain op-amp is 100 nA and 80 nA, respectively. Determine the op-amps input offset current.
a. -20 nA
b. 20 nA
c. 90 nA
d. 180 nA
17. Ideally, the output voltage of an op-amp is zero when there is no input signal, however, in practical circuits, a small
output voltage appears, this voltage is known as
a. minimum output voltage
b. pinch-off voltage
c. output offset voltage d. saturation voltage
18. The reduction of op-amps gain due to increasing operating frequency.
a. Cutoff
b. roll-off
c. diminishing factor
d. reduction step
19. What do we mean by a 20 dB/decade roll-off?
a. a gain reduction by a factor of 10 per decade
b. a gain reduction by a factor of 20 per decade
c.
a gain reduction by a factor of 10 per 10 Hz increased in frequency
d. a gain reduction by a factor of 20 per 10 Hz increased in frequency
20. A reduction of op-amps voltage gain by a factor of two each time the frequency doubles.
a. 2 dB/octave
b. 2 dB/decade
c. 6 dB/octave
d. 6 dB/decade
21. Frequency at which the voltage gain of op-amp reduces to unity.
a. unity-gain frequency
b. cutoff frequency
c. bandwidth point
d. unity-gain bandwidth product
22. The maximum output voltage rate of change of an op-amp.
a. rise time
b. maximum voltage swing
c. differential rate
d. slew rate
23. What is the maximum signal frequency that can be used in an op-amp having a specified slew rate of 0.5 V/sec?
The maximum output voltage desired is 5 V.
a. 16 kHz
b. 32 kHz
c. 100 kHz
d. 1 MHz

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What must be the slew rate of an op-amp to be used in order to provide an undistorted output voltage of .10 V ac a
frequency of 100,000 rad/sec?
a. 0.1 V/sec
b. 0.5 V/sec
c. 1.0 V/sec
d. 6.28 V/sec
When an op-amp is used as a comparator, the output voltage would be +VSAT if
a. V+ > Vb. V- > V+
c. V- = V+
d. V- and V+ are both zero
Two comparators using op-amps, configured such that it can detect voltage levels within a certain range of values
rather than simply comparing whether a voltage is above or below a certain reference.
a. analog comparator
b. regenerative comparator
c. parallel comparator d. window comparator
What gain is significant when an op-amp is used as a voltage comparator?
a. open-loop gain b. common gain
c. differential closed loop gain d. closed loop gain
The feedback element of a differentiator constructed from op-amp is
a. a resistor
b. an inductor
c. a capacitor
d. an RC network
An active integrator uses an op-amp, what is its feedback element?
a. Resistor
b. capacitor
c. inductor
d. RC network
The voltage gain of an op-amp voltage follower.
a. Unity
b. Rf/Ri
c. 1 + Rf/Ri
d. depends on the type of op-amp
Calculate the closed-loop voltage gain of an inverting amplifier having a feedback and an input resistance of 100 k
and 10 k, respectively.
a. 10
b. 11
c. 100
d. 110
A unity-gain summing amplifier has three inputs, V1 = 1.0 mV, V2 = 1.5 mV, and V3 = 2.5 mV, calculate the total
output voltage.
a. 2.5 mV
b. 3.5 mV
c. 4.0 mV
d. 5.0 mV
Circuits that produces alternating or pulsating current or voltage.
a. Damper
b. Generator
c. oscillator
d. mixer
What do you call the oscillator circuit that uses a tapped coil in the tuned circuit?
a. Pierce
b. Colpitts
c. Hartley
d. Ultraudion
What determines the resonant frequency of a crystal?
a. external components
c. the temperature of the crystal
b. the size and thickness of the crystal material
d. the hermitic seal
Type of oscillator whose frequency is dependent on the charge and discharge of RC networks.
a. Hartley oscillator
b. Colpitts oscillator
c. Relaxation oscillator d. Klystron oscillator
A microwave oscillator
a. Hartley oscillator
b. Colpitts oscillator
c. Relaxation oscillator
d. Klystron oscillator
A self-excited oscillator in which the tank is divided into input and feedback portions by a capacitive voltage divider.
a. Hartley capacitor
b. Colpitts oscillator
c. Relaxation oscillator
d. Klystron oscillator
A circuit usually containing two transistors or tubes in an RC-coupled amplifier, the two active devices switch each
other alternately on and off.
a. Multivibrator
b. Signal generator
c. Oscillator
d. Thyristor
A multivibrator that generates one output pulse for each input trigger pulse.
a. Monostable
b. astable
c. bistable
d. tristate
Monostable multivibrator is also known as
a. one shot
b. single shot
c. direct shot
d. one shot or single shot
What determines the pulse time in a monostable multivibrator?
a. resistor combinations
c.capacitor combinations
b. inductor combinations
d. resistor and capacitor combinations
Flip-flop is actually a _______ multivibrator.
a. Monostable
b. bistable
c. astable
d. unstable
Considered as a free-running multivibrator
a. Monostable
b. bistable
c. astable
d. unstable
It takes an op-amp 22 us to change its output from 15 V to +15 V. Determine the slew rate.
a. 1.36 V/us
b. 0.68 V/us
c. 0.68 V/us
d. cannot determine
An RC network has R = 47 k and C = 0.22 uF. What is the cutoff frequency?
a. 154 Hz
b. 1540 Hz
c. 1.54 Hz
d. 15.4 Hz
A certain op-amp has an open-loop voltage gain of 150,000. What is this gain expressed in dB?
a. 51.7 dB
b. 103.5 dB
c. 150,000 dB
d. 5.18 dB
The midrange open-loop gain of an op-amp is 135 dB. With negative feedback this gain is reduced to 72 dB. The
closed-loop gain is
a. 135 dB.
b. 72 dB
c. 207 dB
d. 63 dB.
Negative feedback added to an op-amp _____ the bandwidth and _____ the gain.
a. increases, increases
b. increases, decreases c. decreases, decreases d. decreases, increases

50. A practical op-amp has very _____ input impedance, very _____ output impedance, very _____ open-loop voltage
gain, and a _____ bandwidth.
a. high, low, high, wide b. high, high, low, narrow c. low, high, high, wide d. low, low, low, wide
51. The maximum rate of change of the output voltage in response to a step input voltage is the _____ of an op-amp.
a. time constant
b. maximum frequency c. slew rate
d. static discharge
52. Open-loop voltage gain of an op-amp can range up to _____.
a. 10,000
b. 50,000
c. 100,000
d. 200,000
53. To reduce the effects of noise resulting in erratic switching of output states of a comparator, you can use
a. the upper trigger point.
b. the lower trigger pointc. nonzero-level detection
d. hysteresis.
54. A differentiator is used to measure
a. the sum of the input voltages.
b. the difference between two voltages.
c. the area under a curve.
d. the rate of change of the input voltage.
55. An op-amp has an open-loop gain of 90,000. Vsat = 13 V. A differential voltage of 0.1 V p-p is applied between the
inputs. What is the output voltage?
a. 13 V
b. 13 V
c. 13 Vp-p
d. 26 Vp-p
56. The output of a Schmitt trigger is a
a. pulse waveform
b. sawtooth waveform. c. sinusoidal waveform. d. triangle waveform.
57. An integrator circuit
a. uses a resistor in its feedback circuit.
b. uses an inductor in its feedback circuit.
c. uses a capacitor in its feedback circuit.
d. uses a resistor in its feedback circuit or uses a capacitor in its feedback circuit
58. In a(n) _____, when the input voltage exceeds a specified reference voltage, the output changes state.
a. integrator
b. differentiator
c. summing amplifier
d. comparator
59. Monolithic ICs are
a. Forms of discrete circuits
b. On a single chip
c. Combinations of thin-film and thick-film circuits
d. Also called hybrid ICs
59. The op amp can amplify
a. AC signals only
b. DC signals only
c. Both ac and dc signals d. Neither ac nor dc signals
60. Components are soldered together in
a. Discrete circuits
b. Integrated circuits
c. SSI
d. Monolithic ICs
61. The input offset current equals the
a. Difference between two base currents
b. Average of two base currents
c. Collector current divided by current gain
d. Difference between two base-emitter voltages
62. A common-mode signal is applied to
a. The noninverting input
b. The inverting input
c. Both inputs
d. Top of the tail resistor
63. The input stage of an op amp is usually a
a. Differential amplifier b. Class B push-pull amplifier c. CE amplifier d. Swamped amplifier
64. The common-mode rejection ratio is
a. Very low
b. Often expressed in decibels
c. Equal to the voltage gain
d. Equal to the common-mode voltage gain
65. At the unity-gain frequency, the open-loop voltage gain is
a. 1
b. Amid
c. Zero
d. Very large
66. With negative feedback, the returning signal
a. Aids the input signal
b. Opposes the input signal
c. Is proportional to output current
d. Is proportional to differential voltage gain
67. How many types of negative feedback are there?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
68. The voltage between the input terminals of an ideal op amp is
a. Zero
b. Very small
c. Very large
d. Equal to the input voltage
69. The feedback fraction B
a. Is always less than 1 b. Is usually greater than 1
c. May equal 1
d. May not equal 1
70. Negative feedback reduces the
a. Feedback fraction
b. Distortion
c. Input offset voltage d. Loop gain
71. A voltage follower has a voltage gain of
a. Much less than 1
b. 1
c. More than 1
d. A
72. Negative feedback does not improve
a. Stability of voltage gain
b. Nonlinear distortion in later stages
c. Output offset voltage
d. Power bandwidth
73. To detect when the input is greater than a particular value, use a
a. Comparator
b. Clamper
c. Limiter
d. Relaxation oscillator

74. If the input is a rectangular pulse, the output of an integrator is a

a. Sine wave
b. Square wave
c. Ramp

d. Rectangular pulse

75. When a large sine wave drives a Schmitt trigger, the output is a
a. Rectangular wave
b. Triangular wave
c. Rectified sine wave d. Series of ramps
76. A comparator with a trip point of zero is sometimes called a
a. Threshold detector b. Zero-crossing detector
c. Positive limit detector d. Half-wave detector
77. In an op-amp integrator, the current through the input resistor flows into the
a. Inverting input
b. Noninverting input
c. Bypass capacitor
d. Feedback capacitor
78. A window comparator
a. Has only one usable threshold
b. Uses hysteresis to speed up response
c. Clamps the input positively
d. Detects an input voltage between two limits
79. What term is used to describe electronic systems that are made up of extremely small parts or elements?
a. Microelectronics
b. Modular packages
c. Integrated circuits
d. Solid-state technology
80. The development of which of the following types of components had the greatest impact on the technology of
microelectronics?
a. Vacuum tubes and resistors
c. Transformers and capacitors
b. Vacuum tubes and transistors
d. Transistors and solid-state diodes
81. A monostable 555 timer has the following number of stable states:
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
82. An astable 555 timer has the following number of stable states:
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
83. A comparator with hysteresis is sometimes known as a(n)
a. integrator.
b. differentiator.
c. Schmitt trigger.
d. none of the above
84. What circuit produces an output that approximates the area under the curve of an input function?
a. integrator
b. differentiator
c. summing amplifier
d. comparator
85. _____ is a mathematical process for determining the rate of change of a function.
a. Integration
b. Differentiation
c. Summing
d. Comparatoring
86. All components and interconnections are formed on or within a single substrate in which of the following units?
a. Cordwood
b. Integrated circuit
c. Equivalent circuit
d. Printed circuit board
87. Monolithic integrated circuits are usually referred to as
a. hybrids
b. substrates
c. silicon chips d. selenium rectifiers
88. In integrated circuits, a conductive or nonconductive film is used for which of the following types of components?
a. Capacitors and diodes b. Transistors and diodes
c. Resistors and capacitors d. Resistors and transistors
89. Which of the following types of electronic circuits is NOT a hybrid integrated circuit?
a. Thick film and transistors
b. Thin film and silicon chips
c. Transistors and vacuum tubes
d. Silicon chips and transistors
90. What maximum number of logic gates should be expected in a large-scale integration circuit?
a. 20
b. 200
c. 2,000
d. 20,000
91. Integrated circuits containing more than 64,000 bits of memory are referred to as
a. hybrid integration
b. large-scale integration
c. small-scale integration d. very large-scale integration
92. Which of the following pieces of equipment is used to prepare component layout in complex ICs?
a. A mask
b. A camera
c. A computer
d. A microscope
93. A device that allows the depositing of material in selected areas of a semiconductor substrate, but not in others, is
known as a
a. blind
b. screen
c. filter
d. wafer mask
94. Artificially grown silicon or germanium crystals are used to produce substrates for which of the following types of
integrated circuits?
a. Hybrid
b. Thin-film
c. Thick-film
d. Monolithic
95. The prevention of unwanted interaction or leakage between components is accomplished by which of the following
techniques?
a. Isolation
b. Insulation
c. Integration
d. Differentiation
96. What do you call a thin slice of crystal used as a chassis for integrated components.
a. Substrate
b. Base
c. Wafer
d. Impurity
97. Calculate the input bias currents at the non-inverting and inverting terminal respectively of an op=amp having
specified values of IIO = 5nA and IIB = 30 nA.
a. Both 32.5nA
b. Both 27.5nA
c. 27.5nA; 32.5nA
d. 32.5nA; 27.5nA
98. The difference between the two op-amp input currents is called ______.
a. Input Offset Current b. Input Bias Current
c. Op-Amp Input Current d. Differential Mode Current
99. A circuit whose output voltage is proportional to the area under the curve of the input voltage.
a. Differentiator
b. Comparator
c. Integrator
d. Summing Amplifier
100. A circuit whose output voltage is proportional to the slope of the input voltage.
a. Differentiator b. Comparator
c. Integrator
d. Summing Amplifier