TK 4095

Disain Produk Industri

(Chemical Product Design)
Kuliah 2
Pengenalan Disain Produk Kimia
Program Sarjana Teknik Kimia (Kelas C)
Semester Ganjil 2016/2017

25% of ChEs work on Products,

not Processes
Chemical Products

Products Are Everywhere

But, how are they designed?
Formulated Products
Engineered Products
Lets look at some examples.
What are the ingredients?
What are the ingredients used for?
What are the characteristics of the product?
What is the science behind the product?
Why is this product desirable?
Why does the product sell?

Engineered Products
Hemodialysis Device
Hand Warmer
Fe Powder
Heat Patch
Fe + C Powders
Solar Desalination Unit for Home
Zap Pak Heat Pack
Aroma/Insect Repellant Wall Plugs
Alcohol Fuel Cells

Hemodialysis Device

Hemodialysis
Counter Current (Shell & Tube
HX design) Membrane
Blood
DI Water
Series of Resistances
Mass Transfer
Blood
Water
Diffusion in Membrane
Urea
Byproducts

Home Desalination Unit

Transparent Cover
Allows Sunlight in
Condenses Vapor

H2O
Salt Soln

Heat Patch/Hand Warmer

4Fe(s) +3 O2Fe2O3 +
H
H = -824.2 kJ/mol
oxide
Graphite (dilutent +
shelf life)
NaCl Catalyst
Control Kinetics of
Reaction

Zap Pack
Heat of
Crystallization
NaC2H3O2*3H2O
-4.7 kcal/mole
Na2S2O3*5H2O
-11.4 kcal/mole
Ca(NO3)2*4H2O
-8.0 kcal/mole

Solid

Meta-stable
Solid-Liquid
Line

Cl
eq
T

Air Freshener
Oil mixture
Heated
Selective
Evaporation of oil
mixture
Partial Pressure as
a function of
Temperature

Formulated Products
Lets look at some examples.
What are the ingredients?
What are the ingredients used for?
What are the characteristics of the product?
What is the science behind the product?
Why is this product desirable?

Why does the product sell?

Formulated Products
Toothpaste
Shampoo
Deodorant
Mouthwash

Dish soap

Active Ingredients
Sodium monofluorophosphate
0.76%

Inactive Ingredients

Glycerin
Sorbitol
Hydrated silica
Propylene glycol
Sodium bicarbonate
Aluminum oxide
Water

Pentasodium triphosphate
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate
Sodium lauryl sulfate
Flavor
sodium hydroxide
calcium peroxide
Sodium saccharin
Carrageenan
cellulose gum
titanium dioxide

Note; Bingham Plastic Rheology

 Active Ingredients
Sodium fluoride 0.24%

Inactive Ingredients

Water
Glycerin
Sorbitol
Hydrated silica
Pentasodium triphosphate
Sodium lauryl sulfate

Flavor
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate
PVM/MA copolymer
Sodium hydroxide
Cellulose gum
Sodium saccharin
Carrageenan
Polyethylene
Titanium dioxide
FD&C blue no. 1

 Active Ingredients
Sodium fluoride 0.25%

Inactive Ingredients

Sorbitol
Sodium bicarbonate
Hydrated silica
Glycerin
Water

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate
Sodium lauryl sarcosinate
Flavor
Sodium saccharin
Cellulose gum
Sodium lauryl sulfate
Titanium dioxide

Mouthwash
Active Ingredients
Thymol 0.064%
Eucalyptol 0.092%
Methyl Salicylate 0.006%
oil of wintergreen
Menthol 0.042%

Also Contains

Water
Alcohol 26.9%
Benzoic Acid
Poloxamer 407
Sodium Benzoate
Caramel

Deodorant
Active Ingredients
Aluminum Zirconium Tetrachlorohydrex
glycin complex

Inactive Ingredients

Water
Cyclomethicone
SD alcohol40
Tripropylene glycol
Dimethicon
Propylene Glycol
Phenyl trimethicone
PEG/PPG-18/18
Dimethicone
Fragrance

Shampoo
Ingredients

Water
PEG-80
Sorbitan laurate
Cocamidopropyl betaine
Sodium trideceth sulfate
Glycerin
Lauroamphoglycinate
PEG-150 distearate
Sodium laureth-13 carboxylate
Fragrance polyquaternium-10
Tetrasodium EDTA
Quaternium-15
Citric Acid
D&C Yellow No. 10
Orange No. 4

Shampoo
Ingredients

Water
Ammonium Lauryl sulfate
Ammonium laureth sulfate
Ammonium chloride
Cocamide MEA
Fragrance
PEG-5 cocamide
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
Tetrasodium EDTA
DMDM hydantoin
Citric Acid
Tocopheryl Acetate (Vitamin E Acetate)
PPG
Methylchloroisothiazolinone
Apple Extract
Ethylisothiazolinone
Glycerin
FD&C Yellow No. 5, Blue No. 1

Body Shop Natural Shampoo

Ingredients

Water
Sodium Laureth sulfate
Cocamidoproply betaine
Cvocamide DEA
Coco-Glucoside
Perfume
Phenoxyethanol laureth-2
Benzyl Alcohol
Sodium Benzoate
Propylene glycol
Citric Acid
Polyquarternium-10

Methylparaben
Agave extract
Benzophenone-4
Disodium EDTA
Bladderwrack powder
Butylparaben
Ethylparaben
Isobutylparaben
Propylparaben
Potassium sorbate
Peony Extract
D&C No. 5

Packaging attracts the customer

Package Needs
Name of Product
Sales Pitch
How to use
Warnings
Size (wgt. or vol.) of package
Ingredients List
Product Safety Info.
Who to call for info. and Help

Product Characteristics

Color
Taste
Smell
Feel
Rheology
Surface tension
Adhesion

Other

What makes the product

desirable?
To whom?

What is the products

competition?
What makes it better than the
competition?
What makes it profitable?
Price to produce?
Cost of marketing
Profit margins
Middle men (Sales Reps.)
Retail Outlet

Ingredients
Commercial
Availability
Multi-source
Quality
Impurities

Price
Quantities Available
Packaging

Necessary for the

formulation?
What
Concentration?
Any difficulty in the
process?
Easy to mix
Packaging made easy

Anti-ageing Shelf
life

Product Description
Quality Factors
Use Factors
Materials Factors
Process Factors