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Dr. Himal A. Suraweera
Dr. Himal A. Suraweera
Channel: is the medium that connects the transmitter and the receiver
(destination)
Receiver: operates on the output signal of the channel and decodes the
signal to extract the message sent by the source
Figure: Sinusoids
1.
2.
3.
4.
Wavelength
Frequency
Amplitude
Phase
Amplitude Modulation
In amplitude modulation, the amplitude of the sinusoidal carrier wave
is linearly varied according to the amplitude of baseband signal.
Let us consider a sinusiodal carrier defined by
In order for the envelope of the AM modulated signal s(t) to have the
same shape as the message signal m(t):
1. The amplitude of
Mathematically we have:
for all t
The condition
is called overmodulation and results in
phase distortion (envelope can not be recovered)
Note:
The carrier oscillates more rapidly compared to the message signal and
hence m(t) can be visualized!
Exercise: Show that we can calculate
given by
where
and
are the maximum and minimum positive voltages
of the AM modulated signal.
Now apply
to yield
and
we have
with
= power of the unmodulated carrier
= power per sideband
Next we write
Carrier signal
Message signal
Remarks:
As a result of AM modulation, the spectrum of the message signal
for negative frequencies W to 0 becomes completely visible in the
positive frequencies.
Hence the transmission bandwidth is given by
Example:
A 500 KHz carrier is amplitude modulated by an audio
signal which contains all frequencies in the range 300 Hz to 5 kHz.
(a) What are the frequency bands which are output?
(b) What is the output bandwidth?
(c) Draw the spectral diagram of these signals.
Limitations of AM modulation
References
[1] Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, 4th Edition
[2] A. Bruce Carlson, Communication Systems, 4th Edition